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<article role="main">
<section id="utils">
<h1>Utils<a class="headerlink" href="#utils" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h1>
<section id="visualization">
<h2>Visualization<a class="headerlink" href="#visualization" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.utils.play.play">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.utils.play.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">play</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">env</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../env/#gymnasium.Env" title="gymnasium.core.Env"><span class="pre">Env</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">transpose</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">bool</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fps</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">zoom</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">float</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callback</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">keys_to_action</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ActType</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">seed</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span
<dd><p>Allows one to play the game using keyboard.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">gymnasium</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">gym</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">gymnasium.utils.play</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">play</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">play</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gym</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;CarRacing-v1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">render_mode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;rgb_array&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">keys_to_action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s2">&quot;w&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]),</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]),</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s2">&quot;s&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]),</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s2">&quot;d&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]),</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s2">&quot;wa&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]),</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s2">&quot;dw&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]),</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s2">&quot;ds&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]),</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s2">&quot;as&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]),</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">noop</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Above code works also if the environment is wrapped, so its particularly useful in
verifying that the frame-level preprocessing does not render the game
unplayable.</p>
<p>If you wish to plot real time statistics as you play, you can use
<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gym.utils.play.PlayPlot</span></code>. Heres a sample code for plotting the reward
for last 150 steps.</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">gymnasium</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">gym</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">callback</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">obs_t</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obs_tp1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rew</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">terminated</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">truncated</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">info</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">rew</span><span class="p">,]</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">plotter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PlayPlot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">150</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;reward&quot;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">play</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gym</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;CartPole-v1&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">callback</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">plotter</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>env</strong> Environment to use for playing.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>transpose</strong> If this is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>, the output of observation is transposed. Defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>fps</strong> Maximum number of steps of the environment executed every second. If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> (the default),
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">env.metadata[&quot;render_fps&quot;&quot;]</span></code> (or 30, if the environment does not specify “render_fps”) is used.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>zoom</strong> Zoom the observation in, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zoom</span></code> amount, should be positive float</p></li>
<li><p><strong>callback</strong> If a callback is provided, it will be executed after every step. It takes the following input:
obs_t: observation before performing action
obs_tp1: observation after performing action
action: action that was executed
rew: reward that was received
terminated: whether the environment is terminated or not
truncated: whether the environment is truncated or not
info: debug info</p></li>
<li><p><strong>keys_to_action</strong> <p>Mapping from keys pressed to action performed.
Different formats are supported: Key combinations can either be expressed as a tuple of unicode code
points of the keys, as a tuple of characters, or as a string where each character of the string represents
one key.
For example if pressing w and space at the same time is supposed
to trigger action number 2 then <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">key_to_action</span></code> dict could look like this:</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="c1"># ...</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">ord</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;w&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nb">ord</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39; &#39;</span><span class="p">)):</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="c1"># ...</span>
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>or like this:</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="c1"># ...</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;w&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="c1"># ...</span>
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>or like this:</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="c1"># ...</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s2">&quot;w &quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="c1"># ...</span>
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, default <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">key_to_action</span></code> mapping for that environment is used, if provided.</p>
</p></li>
<li><p><strong>seed</strong> Random seed used when resetting the environment. If None, no seed is used.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>noop</strong> The action used when no key input has been entered, or the entered key combination is unknown.</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.utils.play.PlayPlot">
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.utils.play.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">PlayPlot</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callback</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">horizon_timesteps</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">plot_names</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gymnasium.utils.play.PlayPlot" title="Permalink to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dd><p>Provides a callback to create live plots of arbitrary metrics when using <a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.play.play" title="gymnasium.utils.play.play"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">play()</span></code></a>.</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>This class is instantiated with a function that accepts information about a single environment transition:</dt><dd><ul class="simple">
<li><p>obs_t: observation before performing action</p></li>
<li><p>obs_tp1: observation after performing action</p></li>
<li><p>action: action that was executed</p></li>
<li><p>rew: reward that was received</p></li>
<li><p>terminated: whether the environment is terminated or not</p></li>
<li><p>truncated: whether the environment is truncated or not</p></li>
<li><p>info: debug info</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>It should return a list of metrics that are computed from this data.
For instance, the function may look like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">compute_metrics</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">obs_t</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obs_tp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">reward</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">terminated</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">truncated</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">info</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">reward</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">info</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;cumulative_reward&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linalg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">norm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">)]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.play.PlayPlot" title="gymnasium.utils.play.PlayPlot"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PlayPlot</span></code></a> provides the method <a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.play.PlayPlot.callback" title="gymnasium.utils.play.PlayPlot.callback"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback()</span></code></a> which will pass its arguments along to that function
and uses the returned values to update live plots of the metrics.</p>
<p>Typically, this <a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.play.PlayPlot.callback" title="gymnasium.utils.play.PlayPlot.callback"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback()</span></code></a> will be used in conjunction with <a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.play.play" title="gymnasium.utils.play.play"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">play()</span></code></a> to see how the metrics evolve as you play:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">plotter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PlayPlot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">compute_metrics</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">horizon_timesteps</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">plot_names</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;Immediate Rew.&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Cumulative Rew.&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Action Magnitude&quot;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">play</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">your_env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">callback</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">plotter</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Constructor of <a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.play.PlayPlot" title="gymnasium.utils.play.PlayPlot"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PlayPlot</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>The function <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback</span></code> that is passed to this constructor should return
a list of metrics that is of length <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">len(plot_names)</span></code>.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>callback</strong> Function that computes metrics from environment transitions</p></li>
<li><p><strong>horizon_timesteps</strong> The time horizon used for the live plots</p></li>
<li><p><strong>plot_names</strong> List of plot titles</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Raises<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p><strong>DependencyNotInstalled</strong> If matplotlib is not installed</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.utils.play.PlayPlot.callback">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">callback</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">obs_t</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">ObsType</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">obs_tp1</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">ObsType</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">action</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">ActType</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rew</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">float</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">terminated</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">truncated</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">info</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">dict</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gymnasium.utils.play.PlayPlot.callback" title="Permalink to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dd><p>The callback that calls the provided data callback and adds the data to the plots.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>obs_t</strong> The observation at time step t</p></li>
<li><p><strong>obs_tp1</strong> The observation at time step t+1</p></li>
<li><p><strong>action</strong> The action</p></li>
<li><p><strong>rew</strong> The reward</p></li>
<li><p><strong>terminated</strong> If the environment is terminated</p></li>
<li><p><strong>truncated</strong> If the environment is truncated</p></li>
<li><p><strong>info</strong> The information from the environment</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.utils.play.PlayableGame">
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.utils.play.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">PlayableGame</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">env</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../env/#gymnasium.Env" title="gymnasium.core.Env"><span class="pre">Env</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">keys_to_action</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">zoom</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">float</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gymnasium.utils.play.PlayableGame" title="Permalink to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dd><p>Wraps an environment allowing keyboard inputs to interact with the environment.</p>
<p>Wraps an environment with a dictionary of keyboard buttons to action and if to zoom in on the environment.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>env</strong> The environment to play</p></li>
<li><p><strong>keys_to_action</strong> The dictionary of keyboard tuples and action value</p></li>
<li><p><strong>zoom</strong> If to zoom in on the environment render</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.utils.play.PlayableGame.process_event">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">process_event</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">event</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Event</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gymnasium.utils.play.PlayableGame.process_event" title="Permalink to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dd><p>Processes a PyGame event.</p>
<p>In particular, this function is used to keep track of which buttons are currently pressed
and to exit the <a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.play.play" title="gymnasium.utils.play.play"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">play()</span></code></a> function when the PyGame window is closed.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>event</strong> The event to process</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
</section>
<section id="save-rendering-videos">
<h2>Save Rendering Videos<a class="headerlink" href="#save-rendering-videos" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.utils.save_video.save_video">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.utils.save_video.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">save_video</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">frames</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">list</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">video_folder</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">episode_trigger</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">bool</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">step_trigger</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">bool</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">video_length</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name_prefix</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'rl-video'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">episode_index</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">step_starting_index</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">**</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">kwargs</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</sp
<dd><p>Save videos from rendering frames.</p>
<p>This function extract video from a list of render frame episodes.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>frames</strong> (<em>List</em><em>[</em><em>RenderFrame</em><em>]</em>) A list of frames to compose the video.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>video_folder</strong> (<em>str</em>) The folder where the recordings will be stored</p></li>
<li><p><strong>episode_trigger</strong> Function that accepts an integer and returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> iff a recording should be started at this episode</p></li>
<li><p><strong>step_trigger</strong> Function that accepts an integer and returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> iff a recording should be started at this step</p></li>
<li><p><strong>video_length</strong> (<em>int</em>) The length of recorded episodes. If it isnt specified, the entire episode is recorded.
Otherwise, snippets of the specified length are captured.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>name_prefix</strong> (<em>str</em>) Will be prepended to the filename of the recordings.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>episode_index</strong> (<em>int</em>) The index of the current episode.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>step_starting_index</strong> (<em>int</em>) The step index of the first frame.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>**kwargs</strong> The kwargs that will be passed to moviepys ImageSequenceClip.
You need to specify either fps or duration.</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<p class="rubric">Example</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">gymnasium</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">gym</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">gymnasium.utils.save_video</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">save_video</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">env</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gym</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;FrozenLake-v1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">render_mode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;rgb_array_list&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">step_starting_index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">episode_index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">step_index</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">199</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">action</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">action_space</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sample</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">terminated</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">truncated</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">step</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">...</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">terminated</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">truncated</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">save_video</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">render</span><span class="p">(),</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s2">&quot;videos&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">fps</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;render_fps&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">step_starting_index</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">step_starting_index</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">episode_index</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">episode_index</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">step_starting_index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">step_index</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">episode_index</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.utils.save_video.capped_cubic_video_schedule">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.utils.save_video.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">capped_cubic_video_schedule</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">episode_id</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gymnasium.utils.save_video.capped_cubic_video_schedule" title="Permalink to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dd><p>The default episode trigger.</p>
<p>This function will trigger recordings at the episode indices 0, 1, 4, 8, 27, …, <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k^3\)</span>, …, 729, 1000, 2000, 3000, …</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>episode_id</strong> The episode number</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p><strong>If to apply a video schedule number</strong></p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
</section>
<section id="old-to-new-step-api-compatibility">
<h2>Old to New Step API Compatibility<a class="headerlink" href="#old-to-new-step-api-compatibility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.utils.step_api_compatibility.step_api_compatibility">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.utils.step_api_compatibility.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">step_api_compatibility</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">step_returns</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">ObsType</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">float</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">bool</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">bool</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">list</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">ObsType</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">float</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">bool</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">list</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">output_truncation_bool</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class
<dd><p>Function to transform step returns to the API specified by <cite>output_truncation_bool</cite> bool.</p>
<p>Done (old) step API refers to step() method returning (observation, reward, done, info)
Terminated Truncated (new) step API refers to step() method returning (observation, reward, terminated, truncated, info)
(Refer to docs for details on the API change)</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>step_returns</strong> (<em>tuple</em>) Items returned by step(). Can be (obs, rew, done, info) or (obs, rew, terminated, truncated, info)</p></li>
<li><p><strong>output_truncation_bool</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether the output should return two booleans (new API) or one (old) (True by default)</p></li>
<li><p><strong>is_vector_env</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether the step_returns are from a vector environment</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p><strong>step_returns</strong> (<em>tuple</em>) Depending on <cite>output_truncation_bool</cite> bool, it can return <cite>(obs, rew, done, info)</cite> or <cite>(obs, rew, terminated, truncated, info)</cite></p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>This function can be used to ensure compatibility in step interfaces with conflicting API. Eg. if env is written in old API,</dt><dd><p>wrapper is written in new API, and the final step output is desired to be in old API.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">gymnasium</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">gym</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">env</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gym</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;OldEnv&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">obs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rew</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">done</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">info</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">step_api_compatibility</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">step</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">output_truncation_bool</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">obs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rew</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">terminated</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">truncated</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">info</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">step_api_compatibility</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">step</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">output_truncation_bool</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">vec_env</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gym</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;OldEnv&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">observations</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rewards</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dones</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">infos</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">step_api_compatibility</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vec_env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">step</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">is_vector_env</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.utils.step_api_compatibility.convert_to_terminated_truncated_step_api">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.utils.step_api_compatibility.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">convert_to_terminated_truncated_step_api</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">step_returns</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">ObsType</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">float</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">bool</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">list</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">ObsType</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">float</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">bool</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">bool</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">list</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">is_vector_env</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typeh
<dd><p>Function to transform step returns to new step API irrespective of input API.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>step_returns</strong> (<em>tuple</em>) Items returned by step(). Can be (obs, rew, done, info) or (obs, rew, terminated, truncated, info)</p></li>
<li><p><strong>is_vector_env</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether the step_returns are from a vector environment</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.utils.step_api_compatibility.convert_to_done_step_api">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.utils.step_api_compatibility.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">convert_to_done_step_api</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">step_returns</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">ObsType</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">float</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">bool</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">bool</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">list</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">ObsType</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">float</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">bool</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">list</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">is_vector_env</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">
<dd><p>Function to transform step returns to old step API irrespective of input API.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>step_returns</strong> (<em>tuple</em>) Items returned by step(). Can be (obs, rew, done, info) or (obs, rew, terminated, truncated, info)</p></li>
<li><p><strong>is_vector_env</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether the step_returns are from a vector environment</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
</section>
<section id="seeding">
<h2>Seeding<a class="headerlink" href="#seeding" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.utils.seeding.np_random">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.utils.seeding.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">np_random</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">seed</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Generator</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Any</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gymnasium.utils.seeding.np_random" title="Permalink to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dd><p>Generates a random number generator from the seed and returns the Generator and seed.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>seed</strong> The seed used to create the generator</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p><strong>The generator and resulting seed</strong></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Raises<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>Error</strong> Seed must be a non-negative integer or omitted</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
</section>
<section id="environment-checking">
<h2>Environment Checking<a class="headerlink" href="#environment-checking" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.utils.env_checker.check_env">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.utils.env_checker.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">check_env</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">env</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../env/#gymnasium.Env" title="gymnasium.core.Env"><span class="pre">Env</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">warn</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">bool</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">skip_render_check</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gymnasium.utils.env_checker.check_env" title="Permalink to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dd><p>Check that an environment follows Gym API.</p>
<p>This is an invasive function that calls the environments reset and step.</p>
<p>This is particularly useful when using a custom environment.
Please take a look at <a class="reference external" href="https://gymnasium.farama.org/content/environment_creation/">https://gymnasium.farama.org/content/environment_creation/</a>
for more information about the API.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>env</strong> The Gym environment that will be checked</p></li>
<li><p><strong>warn</strong> Ignored</p></li>
<li><p><strong>skip_render_check</strong> Whether to skip the checks for the render method. True by default (useful for the CI)</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
</section>
</section>
</article>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Utils</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#visualization">Visualization</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.play.play"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">play()</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.play.PlayPlot"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PlayPlot</span></code></a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.play.PlayPlot.callback"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PlayPlot.callback()</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.play.PlayableGame"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PlayableGame</span></code></a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.play.PlayableGame.process_event"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PlayableGame.process_event()</span></code></a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#save-rendering-videos">Save Rendering Videos</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.save_video.save_video"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">save_video()</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.save_video.capped_cubic_video_schedule"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">capped_cubic_video_schedule()</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#old-to-new-step-api-compatibility">Old to New Step API Compatibility</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.step_api_compatibility.step_api_compatibility"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">step_api_compatibility()</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.step_api_compatibility.convert_to_terminated_truncated_step_api"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">convert_to_terminated_truncated_step_api()</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.step_api_compatibility.convert_to_done_step_api"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">convert_to_done_step_api()</span></code></a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#seeding">Seeding</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.seeding.np_random"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">np_random()</span></code></a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#environment-checking">Environment Checking</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.utils.env_checker.check_env"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check_env()</span></code></a></li>
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