Gymnasium/gym/spaces/space.py

from gym.utils import seeding


class Space(object):
    """Defines the observation and action spaces, so you can write generic
    code that applies to any Env. For example, you can choose a random
    action.

    WARNING - Custom observation & action spaces can inherit from the `Space`
    class. However, most use-cases should be covered by the existing space
    classes (e.g. `Box`, `Discrete`, etc...), and container classes (`Tuple` &
    `Dict`). Note that parametrized probability distributions (through the
    `sample()` method), and batching functions (in `gym.vector.VectorEnv`), are
    only well-defined for instances of spaces provided in gym by default.
    Moreover, some implementations of Reinforcement Learning algorithms might
    not handle custom spaces properly. Use custom spaces with care.
    """

    def __init__(self, shape=None, dtype=None):
        import numpy as np  # takes about 300-400ms to import, so we load lazily

        self.shape = None if shape is None else tuple(shape)
        self.dtype = None if dtype is None else np.dtype(dtype)
        self._np_random = None

    @property
    def np_random(self):
        """Lazily seed the rng since this is expensive and only needed if
        sampling from this space.
        """
        if self._np_random is None:
            self.seed()

        return self._np_random

    def sample(self):
        """Randomly sample an element of this space. Can be
        uniform or non-uniform sampling based on boundedness of space."""
        raise NotImplementedError

    def seed(self, seed=None):
        """Seed the PRNG of this space."""
        self._np_random, seed = seeding.np_random(seed)
        return [seed]

    def contains(self, x):
        """
        Return boolean specifying if x is a valid
        member of this space
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def __contains__(self, x):
        return self.contains(x)

    def to_jsonable(self, sample_n):
        """Convert a batch of samples from this space to a JSONable data type."""
        # By default, assume identity is JSONable
        return sample_n

    def from_jsonable(self, sample_n):
        """Convert a JSONable data type to a batch of samples from this space."""
        # By default, assume identity is JSONable
        return sample_n