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<article role="main">
<section id="spaces-vector-utils">
<h1>Spaces Vector Utils<a class="headerlink" href="#spaces-vector-utils" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h1>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.vector.utils.batch_space">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">batch_space</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../#gymnasium.spaces.Space" title="gymnasium.spaces.space.Space"><span class="pre">Space</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="../#gymnasium.spaces.Space" title="gymnasium.spaces.space.Space"><span class="pre">Space</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gymnasium.vector.utils.batch_space" title="Permalink to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">batch_space</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.Box" title="gymnasium.spaces.box.Box"><span class="pre">Box</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">batch_space</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.Discrete" title="gymnasium.spaces.discrete.Discrete"><span class="pre">Discrete</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">batch_space</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.MultiDiscrete" title="gymnasium.spaces.multi_discrete.MultiDiscrete"><span class="pre">MultiDiscrete</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">batch_space</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.MultiBinary" title="gymnasium.spaces.multi_binary.MultiBinary"><span class="pre">MultiBinary</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">batch_space</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../composite/#gymnasium.spaces.Tuple" title="gymnasium.spaces.tuple.Tuple"><span class="pre">Tuple</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">batch_space</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../composite/#gymnasium.spaces.Dict" title="gymnasium.spaces.dict.Dict"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">batch_space</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../#gymnasium.spaces.Space" title="gymnasium.spaces.space.Space"><span class="pre">Space</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dd><p>Create a (batched) space, containing multiple copies of a single space.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">gymnasium.spaces</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Box</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Dict</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">space</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Dict</span><span class="p">({</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s1">&#39;position&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Box</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">low</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">high</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shape</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,),</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">float32</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s1">&#39;velocity&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Box</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">low</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">high</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shape</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,),</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">float32</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">batch_space</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">space</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">Dict(position:Box(5, 3), velocity:Box(5, 2))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>space</strong> Space (e.g. the observation space) for a single environment in the vectorized environment.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>n</strong> Number of environments in the vectorized environment.</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p><strong>Space</strong> (<em>e.g. the observation space</em>)</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Raises<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>ValueError</strong> Cannot batch space that is not a valid <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gym.Space</span></code> instance</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.vector.utils.concatenate">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">concatenate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../#gymnasium.spaces.Space" title="gymnasium.spaces.space.Space"><span class="pre">Space</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">items</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Iterable</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">out</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gymnasium.vector.utils.concatenate" title="Permalink to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">concatenate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.MultiBinary" title="gymnasium.spaces.multi_binary.MultiBinary"><span class="pre">MultiBinary</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">items</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">out</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">concatenate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.MultiDiscrete" title="gymnasium.spaces.multi_discrete.MultiDiscrete"><span class="pre">MultiDiscrete</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">items</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">out</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">concatenate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.Discrete" title="gymnasium.spaces.discrete.Discrete"><span class="pre">Discrete</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">items</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">out</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">concatenate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.Box" title="gymnasium.spaces.box.Box"><span class="pre">Box</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">items</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">out</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">concatenate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../composite/#gymnasium.spaces.Tuple" title="gymnasium.spaces.tuple.Tuple"><span class="pre">Tuple</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">items</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">out</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">concatenate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../composite/#gymnasium.spaces.Dict" title="gymnasium.spaces.dict.Dict"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">items</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">out</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">concatenate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../#gymnasium.spaces.Space" title="gymnasium.spaces.space.Space"><span class="pre">Space</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">items</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">out</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dd><p>Concatenate multiple samples from space into a single object.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">gymnasium.spaces</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Box</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">space</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Box</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">low</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">high</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shape</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,),</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">float32</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zeros</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">float32</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">items</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">space</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sample</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)]</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">concatenate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">space</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">items</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">array([[0.6348213 , 0.28607962, 0.60760117],</span>
<span class="go"> [0.87383074, 0.192658 , 0.2148103 ]], dtype=float32)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>space</strong> Observation space of a single environment in the vectorized environment.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>items</strong> Samples to be concatenated.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>out</strong> The output object. This object is a (possibly nested) numpy array.</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p><strong>The output object. This object is a</strong> (<em>possibly nested</em>)</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Raises<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>ValueError</strong> Space is not a valid <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gym.Space</span></code> instance</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.vector.utils.iterate">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">iterate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../#gymnasium.spaces.Space" title="gymnasium.spaces.space.Space"><span class="pre">Space</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">items</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Iterator</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gymnasium.vector.utils.iterate" title="Permalink to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">iterate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.Discrete" title="gymnasium.spaces.discrete.Discrete"><span class="pre">Discrete</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">items</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">iterate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.MultiBinary" title="gymnasium.spaces.multi_binary.MultiBinary"><span class="pre">MultiBinary</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">items</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">iterate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.MultiDiscrete" title="gymnasium.spaces.multi_discrete.MultiDiscrete"><span class="pre">MultiDiscrete</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">items</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">iterate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.Box" title="gymnasium.spaces.box.Box"><span class="pre">Box</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">items</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">iterate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../composite/#gymnasium.spaces.Tuple" title="gymnasium.spaces.tuple.Tuple"><span class="pre">Tuple</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">items</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">iterate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../composite/#gymnasium.spaces.Dict" title="gymnasium.spaces.dict.Dict"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">items</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">iterate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../#gymnasium.spaces.Space" title="gymnasium.spaces.space.Space"><span class="pre">Space</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">items</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dd><p>Iterate over the elements of a (batched) space.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">gymnasium.spaces</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Box</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Dict</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">space</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Dict</span><span class="p">({</span>
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="s1">&#39;position&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Box</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">low</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">high</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shape</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">float32</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="s1">&#39;velocity&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Box</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">low</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">high</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shape</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">float32</span><span class="p">)})</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">items</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">space</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sample</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">it</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">iterate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">space</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">items</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">next</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">it</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">{&#39;position&#39;: array([-0.99644893, -0.08304597, -0.7238421 ], dtype=float32),</span>
<span class="go">&#39;velocity&#39;: array([0.35848552, 0.1533453 ], dtype=float32)}</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">next</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">it</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">{&#39;position&#39;: array([-0.67958736, -0.49076623, 0.38661423], dtype=float32),</span>
<span class="go">&#39;velocity&#39;: array([0.7975036 , 0.93317133], dtype=float32)}</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">next</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">it</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">StopIteration</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>space</strong> Space to which <cite>items</cite> belong to.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>items</strong> Items to be iterated over.</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p><strong>Iterator over the elements in `items`.</strong></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Raises<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>ValueError</strong> Space is not an instance of <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gym.Space</span></code></p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
<section id="shared-memory-utils">
<h2>Shared Memory Utils<a class="headerlink" href="#shared-memory-utils" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.vector.utils.create_empty_array">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">create_empty_array</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space:</span> <span class="pre">~gymnasium.spaces.space.Space</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n:</span> <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fn:</span> <span class="pre">callable</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">&lt;built-in</span> <span class="pre">function</span> <span class="pre">zeros&gt;</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gymnasium.vector.utils.create_empty_array" title="Permalink to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">create_empty_array</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space:</span> <span class="pre">~gymnasium.spaces.multi_binary.MultiBinary</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n=1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fn=&lt;built-in</span> <span class="pre">function</span> <span class="pre">zeros&gt;</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">create_empty_array</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space:</span> <span class="pre">~gymnasium.spaces.multi_discrete.MultiDiscrete</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n=1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fn=&lt;built-in</span> <span class="pre">function</span> <span class="pre">zeros&gt;</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">create_empty_array</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space:</span> <span class="pre">~gymnasium.spaces.discrete.Discrete</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n=1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fn=&lt;built-in</span> <span class="pre">function</span> <span class="pre">zeros&gt;</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">create_empty_array</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space:</span> <span class="pre">~gymnasium.spaces.box.Box</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n=1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fn=&lt;built-in</span> <span class="pre">function</span> <span class="pre">zeros&gt;</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">create_empty_array</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space:</span> <span class="pre">~gymnasium.spaces.tuple.Tuple</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n=1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fn=&lt;built-in</span> <span class="pre">function</span> <span class="pre">zeros&gt;</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">create_empty_array</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space:</span> <span class="pre">~gymnasium.spaces.dict.Dict</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n=1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fn=&lt;built-in</span> <span class="pre">function</span> <span class="pre">zeros&gt;</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">create_empty_array</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space:</span> <span class="pre">~gymnasium.spaces.space.Space</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n=1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fn=&lt;built-in</span> <span class="pre">function</span> <span class="pre">zeros&gt;</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dd><p>Create an empty (possibly nested) numpy array.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">gymnasium.spaces</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Box</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Dict</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">space</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Dict</span><span class="p">({</span>
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="s1">&#39;position&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Box</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">low</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">high</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shape</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,),</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">float32</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="s1">&#39;velocity&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Box</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">low</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">high</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shape</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,),</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">float32</span><span class="p">)})</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">create_empty_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">space</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fn</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zeros</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">OrderedDict([(&#39;position&#39;, array([[0., 0., 0.],</span>
<span class="go"> [0., 0., 0.]], dtype=float32)),</span>
<span class="go"> (&#39;velocity&#39;, array([[0., 0.],</span>
<span class="go"> [0., 0.]], dtype=float32))])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>space</strong> Observation space of a single environment in the vectorized environment.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>n</strong> Number of environments in the vectorized environment. If <cite>None</cite>, creates an empty sample from <cite>space</cite>.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>fn</strong> Function to apply when creating the empty numpy array. Examples of such functions are <cite>np.empty</cite> or <cite>np.zeros</cite>.</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p><strong>The output object. This object is a</strong> (<em>possibly nested</em>)</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Raises<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>ValueError</strong> Space is not a valid <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gym.Space</span></code> instance</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.vector.utils.create_shared_memory">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">create_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space:</span> <span class="pre">~gymnasium.spaces.space.Space</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n:</span> <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ctx=&lt;module</span> <span class="pre">'multiprocessing'</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">'/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.9.15/x64/lib/python3.9/multiprocessing/__init__.py'&gt;</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Array</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gymnasium.vector.utils.create_shared_memory" title="Permalink to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">create_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space:</span> <span class="pre">~gymnasium.spaces.multi_binary.MultiBinary</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n:</span> <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ctx=&lt;module</span> <span class="pre">'multiprocessing'</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">'/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.9.15/x64/lib/python3.9/multiprocessing/__init__.py'&gt;</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">create_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space:</span> <span class="pre">~gymnasium.spaces.multi_discrete.MultiDiscrete</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n:</span> <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ctx=&lt;module</span> <span class="pre">'multiprocessing'</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">'/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.9.15/x64/lib/python3.9/multiprocessing/__init__.py'&gt;</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">create_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space:</span> <span class="pre">~gymnasium.spaces.discrete.Discrete</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n:</span> <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ctx=&lt;module</span> <span class="pre">'multiprocessing'</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">'/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.9.15/x64/lib/python3.9/multiprocessing/__init__.py'&gt;</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">create_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space:</span> <span class="pre">~gymnasium.spaces.box.Box</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n:</span> <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ctx=&lt;module</span> <span class="pre">'multiprocessing'</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">'/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.9.15/x64/lib/python3.9/multiprocessing/__init__.py'&gt;</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">create_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space:</span> <span class="pre">~gymnasium.spaces.tuple.Tuple</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n:</span> <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ctx=&lt;module</span> <span class="pre">'multiprocessing'</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">'/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.9.15/x64/lib/python3.9/multiprocessing/__init__.py'&gt;</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">create_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space:</span> <span class="pre">~gymnasium.spaces.dict.Dict</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n=1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ctx=&lt;module</span> <span class="pre">'multiprocessing'</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">'/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.9.15/x64/lib/python3.9/multiprocessing/__init__.py'&gt;</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dd><p>Create a shared memory object, to be shared across processes.</p>
<p>This eventually contains the observations from the vectorized environment.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>space</strong> Observation space of a single environment in the vectorized environment.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>n</strong> Number of environments in the vectorized environment (i.e. the number of processes).</p></li>
<li><p><strong>ctx</strong> The multiprocess module</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p><strong>shared_memory for the shared object across processes.</strong></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Raises<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>CustomSpaceError</strong> Space is not a valid <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gymnasium.Space</span></code> instance</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.vector.utils.read_from_shared_memory">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read_from_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../#gymnasium.spaces.Space" title="gymnasium.spaces.space.Space"><span class="pre">Space</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shared_memory</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Array</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">ndarray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gymnasium.vector.utils.read_from_shared_memory" title="Permalink to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read_from_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.MultiBinary" title="gymnasium.spaces.multi_binary.MultiBinary"><span class="pre">MultiBinary</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shared_memory</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read_from_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.MultiDiscrete" title="gymnasium.spaces.multi_discrete.MultiDiscrete"><span class="pre">MultiDiscrete</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shared_memory</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read_from_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.Discrete" title="gymnasium.spaces.discrete.Discrete"><span class="pre">Discrete</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shared_memory</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read_from_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.Box" title="gymnasium.spaces.box.Box"><span class="pre">Box</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shared_memory</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read_from_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../composite/#gymnasium.spaces.Tuple" title="gymnasium.spaces.tuple.Tuple"><span class="pre">Tuple</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shared_memory</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read_from_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../composite/#gymnasium.spaces.Dict" title="gymnasium.spaces.dict.Dict"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shared_memory</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dd><p>Read the batch of observations from shared memory as a numpy array.</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>..notes::</dt><dd><p>The numpy array objects returned by <cite>read_from_shared_memory</cite> shares the
memory of <cite>shared_memory</cite>. Any changes to <cite>shared_memory</cite> are forwarded
to <cite>observations</cite>, and vice-versa. To avoid any side-effect, use <cite>np.copy</cite>.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>space</strong> Observation space of a single environment in the vectorized environment.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>shared_memory</strong> Shared object across processes. This contains the observations from the vectorized environment.
This object is created with <cite>create_shared_memory</cite>.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>n</strong> Number of environments in the vectorized environment (i.e. the number of processes).</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p><strong>Batch of observations as a</strong> (<em>possibly nested</em>)</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Raises<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>CustomSpaceError</strong> Space is not a valid <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gymnasium.Space</span></code> instance</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gymnasium.vector.utils.write_to_shared_memory">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">write_to_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../#gymnasium.spaces.Space" title="gymnasium.spaces.space.Space"><span class="pre">Space</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">index</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">ndarray</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shared_memory</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Array</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gymnasium.vector.utils.write_to_shared_memory" title="Permalink to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">write_to_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.MultiBinary" title="gymnasium.spaces.multi_binary.MultiBinary"><span class="pre">MultiBinary</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">index</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shared_memory</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">write_to_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.MultiDiscrete" title="gymnasium.spaces.multi_discrete.MultiDiscrete"><span class="pre">MultiDiscrete</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">index</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shared_memory</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">write_to_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.Discrete" title="gymnasium.spaces.discrete.Discrete"><span class="pre">Discrete</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">index</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shared_memory</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">write_to_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../fundamental/#gymnasium.spaces.Box" title="gymnasium.spaces.box.Box"><span class="pre">Box</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">index</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shared_memory</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">write_to_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../composite/#gymnasium.spaces.Tuple" title="gymnasium.spaces.tuple.Tuple"><span class="pre">Tuple</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">index</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">values</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shared_memory</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gymnasium.vector.utils.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">write_to_shared_memory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">space</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="../composite/#gymnasium.spaces.Dict" title="gymnasium.spaces.dict.Dict"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">index</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">values</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shared_memory</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dd><p>Write the observation of a single environment into shared memory.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>space</strong> Observation space of a single environment in the vectorized environment.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>index</strong> Index of the environment (must be in <cite>[0, num_envs)</cite>).</p></li>
<li><p><strong>value</strong> Observation of the single environment to write to shared memory.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>shared_memory</strong> Shared object across processes. This contains the observations from the vectorized environment.
This object is created with <cite>create_shared_memory</cite>.</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Raises<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p><strong>CustomSpaceError</strong> Space is not a valid <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gymnasium.Space</span></code> instance</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
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<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Spaces Vector Utils</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.vector.utils.batch_space"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">batch_space()</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.vector.utils.concatenate"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">concatenate()</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.vector.utils.iterate"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">iterate()</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#shared-memory-utils">Shared Memory Utils</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.vector.utils.create_empty_array"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">create_empty_array()</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.vector.utils.create_shared_memory"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">create_shared_memory()</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.vector.utils.read_from_shared_memory"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read_from_shared_memory()</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gymnasium.vector.utils.write_to_shared_memory"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write_to_shared_memory()</span></code></a></li>
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