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@ -535,125 +535,117 @@ Menulis kode pada papan tulis atau kertas, bukan komputer. Uji dengan beberapa s
## Struktur Data ## Struktur Data
- ### Arrays - ### Arrays
- Implement an automatically resizing vector. - Menerapkan vektor yang mengubah ukuran secara otomatis.
- [ ] Description: - [ ] Deskripsi:
- [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) - [Array (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/arrays-OsBSF)
- [UCBerkley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://youtu.be/Wp8oiO_CZZE?t=15m32s) - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Array Linear dan Multi-Dim (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (Mulailah menonton dari 15m 32s)
- [Basic Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_04-basicArrays.mp4) - [Array Dinamis (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/dynamic-arrays-EwbnV)
- [Multi-dim (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_05-multidimensionalArrays.mp4) - [Array Bergerigi (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g)
- [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) - [ ] Menerapkan vektor (array yang bisa berubah dengan ukuran otomatis):
- [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) - [ ] Berlatih coding menggunakan array dan pointer, dan matematika pointer untuk melompat ke indeks daripada menggunakan pengindeksan.
- [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_06-jaggedArrays.mp4) - [ ] Array data mentah baru dengan memori yang dialokasikan
- [Resizing arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/03_01-resizableArrays.mp4) - dapat mengalokasikan array int di bawah tenda, hanya saja tidak menggunakan fitur-fiturnya
- [ ] Implement a vector (mutable array with automatic resizing): - start dengan 16, atau jika angka awal lebih besar, gunakan pangkat 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128
- [ ] Practice coding using arrays and pointers, and pointer math to jump to an index instead of using indexing. - [ ] size() - jumlah item
- [ ] new raw data array with allocated memory - [ ] capacity() - jumlah barang yang bisa ditampungnya
- can allocate int array under the hood, just not use its features
- start with 16, or if starting number is greater, use power of 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128
- [ ] size() - number of items
- [ ] capacity() - number of items it can hold
- [ ] is_empty() - [ ] is_empty()
- [ ] at(index) - returns item at given index, blows up if index out of bounds - [ ] at(index) - mengembalikan item pada indeks tertentu, meledak jika indeks di luar batas
- [ ] push(item) - [ ] push(item)
- [ ] insert(index, item) - inserts item at index, shifts that index's value and trailing elements to the right - [ ] insert(index, item) - menyisipkan item pada indeks, menggeser nilai indeks dan elemen tambahan ke kanan
- [ ] prepend(item) - can use insert above at index 0 - [ ] prepend(item) - dapat menggunakan sisipan di atas pada indeks 0
- [ ] pop() - remove from end, return value - [ ] pop() - hapus dari akhir, nilai kembali
- [ ] delete(index) - delete item at index, shifting all trailing elements left - [ ] delete(index) - hapus item pada indeks, menggeser semua elemen tertinggal ke kiri
- [ ] remove(item) - looks for value and removes index holding it (even if in multiple places) - [ ] remove(item) - mencari nilai dan menghapus indeks yang menahannya (meskipun di banyak tempat)
- [ ] find(item) - looks for value and returns first index with that value, -1 if not found - [ ] find(item) - mencari nilai dan mengembalikan indeks pertama dengan nilai itu, -1 jika tidak ditemukan
- [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private function - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // fungsi pribadi
- when you reach capacity, resize to double the size - saat Anda mencapai kapasitas, ubah ukurannya menjadi dua kali lipat
- when popping an item, if size is 1/4 of capacity, resize to half - saat memunculkan item, jika ukurannya 1/4 dari kapasitas, ubah ukurannya menjadi setengah
- [ ] Time - [ ] Waktu
- O(1) to add/remove at end (amortized for allocations for more space), index, or update - O(1) untuk menambah/menghapus di akhir (diamortisasi untuk alokasi untuk lebih banyak ruang), indeks, atau pembaruan
- O(n) to insert/remove elsewhere - O(n) untuk memasukkan/menghapus di tempat lain
- [ ] Space - [ ] Ruang
- contiguous in memory, so proximity helps performance - berdekatan dalam memori, jadi kedekatan membantu kinerja
- space needed = (array capacity, which is >= n) * size of item, but even if 2n, still O(n) - ruang yang dibutuhkan = (kapasitas array, yaitu >= n)*ukuran item, tetapi meskipun 2n, tetap O(n)
- ### Linked Lists - ### Linked Lists
- [ ] Description: - [ ] Deskripsi:
- [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK)
- [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0)
- [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w)
- not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation. - [ ] [Kode C (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo)
- [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: - bukan keseluruhan video, hanya bagian tentang struct Node dan alokasi memori
- [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) - [ ] Linked List vs Array:
- [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) - [Daftar Tertaut Inti Vs Array (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9)
- [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) - [Di Dunia Nyata Linked List Vs Array (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd)
- [ ] Gotcha: you need pointer to pointer knowledge: - [ ] [mengapa Anda harus menghindari linked list (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo)
(for when you pass a pointer to a function that may change the address where that pointer points) - [ ] Gotcha: Anda perlu pengetahuan pointer ke pointer:
This page is just to get a grasp on ptr to ptr. I don't recommend this list traversal style. Readability and maintainability suffer due to cleverness. (untuk saat Anda meneruskan pointer ke fungsi yang dapat mengubah alamat tempat pointer itu menunjuk)
- [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) Halaman ini hanya untuk memahami pointer ke pointer. Saya tidak merekomendasikan gaya traversal daftar ini. Keterbacaan dan pemeliharaan menderita karena kepintaran.
- [ ] implement (I did with tail pointer & without): - [Pointer ke Pointer](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html)
- [ ] size() - returns number of data elements in list - [ ] Implementasikan (saya lakukan dengan tail pointer & tanpa):
- [ ] empty() - bool returns true if empty - [ ] size() - mengembalikan jumlah elemen data dalam daftar
- [ ] value_at(index) - returns the value of the nth item (starting at 0 for first) - [ ] empty() - bool mengembalikan nilai true jika kosong
- [ ] push_front(value) - adds an item to the front of the list - [ ] value_at(index) - mengembalikan nilai item ke-n (mulai dari 0 untuk yang pertama)
- [ ] pop_front() - remove front item and return its value - [ ] push_front(value) - menambahkan item ke depan daftar
- [ ] push_back(value) - adds an item at the end - [ ] pop_front() - hapus item depan dan kembalikan nilainya
- [ ] pop_back() - removes end item and returns its value - [ ] push_back(value) - menambahkan item di akhir
- [ ] front() - get value of front item - [ ] pop_back() - menghapus item akhir dan mengembalikan nilainya
- [ ] back() - get value of end item - [ ] front() - dapatkan nilai barang depan
- [ ] insert(index, value) - insert value at index, so current item at that index is pointed to by new item at index - [ ] back() - dapatkan nilai item akhir
- [ ] erase(index) - removes node at given index - [ ] insert(index, value) - masukkan nilai pada indeks, maka item saat ini pada indeks tersebut ditunjuk oleh item baru pada indeks
- [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - returns the value of the node at nth position from the end of the list - [ ] erase(index) - menghapus node pada indeks tertentu
- [ ] reverse() - reverses the list - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - mengembalikan nilai node pada posisi ke-n dari akhir daftar
- [ ] remove_value(value) - removes the first item in the list with this value - [ ] reverse() - membalikkan daftar
- [ ] remove_value(value) - menghapus item pertama dalam daftar dengan nilai ini
- [ ] Doubly-linked List - [ ] Doubly-linked List
- [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) - [Deskripsi (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/doubly-linked-lists-jpGKD)
- No need to implement - Tidak perlu diimplementasikan
- ### Stack - ### Stack
- [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) - [ ] [Stack (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ)
- [ ] [Using Stacks Last-In First-Out (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_01-usingStacksForLast-inFirst-out.mp4) - [ ] Tidak akan diterapkan. Menerapkan dengan array itu sepele
- [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial.
- ### Queue - ### Queue
- [ ] [Using Queues First-In First-Out(video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_03-usingQueuesForFirst-inFirst-out.mp4) - Queue (Antrean)
- [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq)
- [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer)
- [ ] [Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_04-priorityQueuesAndDeques.mp4) - [ ] Implementasikan menggunakan linked-list, dengan tail pointer:
- [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: - enqueue(value) - menambah nilai pada posisi di ekor
- enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail - dequeue() - mengembalikan nilai dan menghapus elemen yang paling baru ditambahkan (depan)
- dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front)
- empty() - empty()
- [ ] Implement using fixed-sized array: - [ ] Menerapkan menggunakan array berukuran tetap:
- enqueue(value) - adds item at end of available storage - enqueue(value) - menambahkan item di akhir penyimpanan yang tersedia
- dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element - dequeue() - mengembalikan nilai dan menghapus elemen yang paling baru ditambahkan
- empty() - empty()
- full() - full()
- [ ] Cost: - [ ] Biaya:
- a bad implementation using linked list where you enqueue at head and dequeue at tail would be O(n) - implementasi yang buruk menggunakan daftar tertaut di mana Anda mengantre di bagian depan
because you'd need the next to last element, causing a full traversal each dequeue dan antrean di bagian ekor akan menjadi O(n) karena Anda memerlukan elemen di sebelah terakhir,
- enqueue: O(1) (amortized, linked list and array [probing]) menyebabkan traversal penuh setiap dequeue
- dequeue: O(1) (linked list and array) - enqueue: O(1) (diamortisasi, daftar tertaut dan larik [probing])
- empty: O(1) (linked list and array) - dequeue: O(1) (daftar dan larik tertaut)
- empty: O(1) (daftar dan larik tertaut)
- ### Hash table - ### Hash table
- [ ] Videos: - [ ] Video:
- [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) - [ ] [Hashing dengan Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8)
- [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [Penggandaan Table, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb)
- [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [Open Addressing, Hashing Kriptografi (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb)
- [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68)
- [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Lanjutan) Pengacakan: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11)
- [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) - [ ] [(Lanjutan) Hash sempurna (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4)
- [ ] Online Courses: - [ ] Kursus Online:
- [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_02-understandingHashFunctions.mp4) - [ ] [Tabel Hash Inti (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP)
- [ ] [Using Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_03-usingHashTables.mp4) - [ ] [Struktur Data (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4)
- [ ] [Supporting Hashing (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_04-supportingHashing.mp4) - [ ] [Masalah Buku Telepon (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/phone-book-problem-NYZZP)
- [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_05-languageSupportForHashTables.mp4) - [ ] tabel hash terdistribusi:
- [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) - [Unggahan Instan dan Pengoptimalan Penyimpanan Di Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox-DvaIb)
- [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) - [Tabel Hash Terdistribusi (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/distributed-hash-tables-tvH8H)
- [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem)
- [ ] distributed hash tables:
- [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox)
- [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables)
- [ ] implement with array using linear probing - [ ] Implementasikan dengan array menggunakan probing linier
- hash(k, m) - m is size of hash table - hash(k, m) - m adalah ukuran tabel hash
- add(key, value) - if key already exists, update value - add(key, value) - jika kunci sudah ada, perbarui nilai
- exists(key) - exists(key)
- get(key) - get(key)
- remove(key) - remove(key)