diff --git a/.github/FUNDING.yml b/.github/FUNDING.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1cf53a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/FUNDING.yml @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +github: jwasham diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index e16a64c..0a89050 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ .idea +*.iml personal-9894.md # Targets Windows & Unix temporary files @@ -14,3 +15,6 @@ personal-9894.md .Trashes ehthumbs.db Thumbs.db + +# Sublime Files +.sublime \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 05f0f2f..d282992 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ > > I studied about 8-12 hours a day, for several months. This is my story: [Why I studied full-time for 8 months for a Google interview](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) > -> The items listed here will prepare you well for an interview at just about any software company, -> including the giants: Amazon, Facebook, Google or Microsoft. +> **Please Note:** You won't need to study as much as I did. I wasted a lot of time on things I didn't need to know. More info about that below. I'll help you get there without wasting your precious time. +> +> The items listed here will prepare you well for a technical interview at just about any software company, +> including the giants: Amazon, Facebook, Google, and Microsoft. > > *Best of luck to you!* @@ -19,6 +21,14 @@ - [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md) - [Español](translations/README-es.md) - [Português Brasileiro](translations/README-ptbr.md) +- [Polish](translations/README-pl.md) +- [繁體中文](translations/README-tw.md) +- [Japanese (日本語)](translations/README-ja.md) +- [Russian](translations/README-ru.md) +- [German](translations/README-de.md) +- [Bahasa Indonesia](translations/README-id.md) +- [ខ្មែរ - Khmer](translations/README-kh.md) +- [Uzbek](translations/README-uz.md) @@ -27,55 +37,112 @@ - [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) - [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) -- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) - [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) - [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) - [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) -- [Russian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) -- [Ukrainian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [Українська](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) - [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) - [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) -- [Polish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/122) -- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) +- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/519) - [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) - [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) - [Italian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) - [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) -- [Japanese (日本語)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/257) -## What is it? +
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-This is my multi-month study plan for going from web developer (self-taught, no CS degree) to software engineer for a large company. +## What is it? ![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) -This is meant for **new software engineers** or those switching from -software/web development to software engineering (where computer science knowledge is required). If you have -many years of experience and are claiming many years of software engineering experience, expect a harder interview. +This is my multi-month study plan for becoming a software engineer for a large company. -If you have many years of software/web development experience, note that large software companies like Google, Amazon, -Facebook and Microsoft view software engineering as different from software/web development, and they require computer science knowledge. +**Required:** +* A little experience with coding (variables, loops, methods/functions, etc) +* Patience +* Time -If you want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, study more from the optional list (networking, security). +Note this is a study plan for **software engineering**, not web development. Large software companies like Google, Amazon, +Facebook and Microsoft view software engineering as different from web development. For example, Amazon has +Frontend Engineers (FEE) and Software Development Engineers (SDE). These are 2 separate roles and the interviews for +them will not be the same, as each has its own competencies. These companies require computer science knowledge for +software development/engineering roles. --- ## Table of Contents +### The Study Plan + - [What is it?](#what-is-it) - [Why use it?](#why-use-it) - [How to use it](#how-to-use-it) - [Don't feel you aren't smart enough](#dont-feel-you-arent-smart-enough) -- [About Video Resources](#about-video-resources) -- [Interview Process & General Interview Prep](#interview-process--general-interview-prep) -- [Pick One Language for the Interview](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview) -- [Book List](#book-list) -- [Before you Get Started](#before-you-get-started) +- [A Note About Video Resources](#a-note-about-video-resources) +- [Choose a Programming Language](#choose-a-programming-language) +- [Books for Data Structures and Algorithms](#books-for-data-structures-and-algorithms) +- [Interview Prep Books](#interview-prep-books) +- [Don't Make My Mistakes](#dont-make-my-mistakes) - [What you Won't See Covered](#what-you-wont-see-covered) -- [Prerequisite Knowledge](#prerequisite-knowledge) - [The Daily Plan](#the-daily-plan) +- [Coding Question Practice](#coding-question-practice) +- [Coding Problems](#coding-problems) + +### Topics of Study + - [Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis](#algorithmic-complexity--big-o--asymptotic-analysis) - [Data Structures](#data-structures) - [Arrays](#arrays) @@ -107,36 +174,36 @@ If you want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, study more from - [Even More Knowledge](#even-more-knowledge) - [Recursion](#recursion) - [Dynamic Programming](#dynamic-programming) - - [Object-Oriented Programming](#object-oriented-programming) - [Design Patterns](#design-patterns) - [Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) - [NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) + - [How computers process a program](#how-computers-process-a-program) - [Caches](#caches) - [Processes and Threads](#processes-and-threads) - [Testing](#testing) - - [Scheduling](#scheduling) - [String searching & manipulations](#string-searching--manipulations) - [Tries](#tries) - [Floating Point Numbers](#floating-point-numbers) - [Unicode](#unicode) - [Endianness](#endianness) -- [Networking](#networking) -- [System Design, Scalability, Data Handling](#system-design-scalability-data-handling) (if you have 4+ years experience) + - [Networking](#networking) - [Final Review](#final-review) -- [Coding Question Practice](#coding-question-practice) -- [Coding exercises/challenges](#coding-exerciseschallenges) -- [Once you're closer to the interview](#once-youre-closer-to-the-interview) -- [Your Resume](#your-resume) + +### Getting the Job + +- [Update Your Resume](#update-your-resume) +- [Find a Job](#find-a-job) +- [Interview Process & General Interview Prep](#interview-process--general-interview-prep) - [Be thinking of for when the interview comes](#be-thinking-of-for-when-the-interview-comes) - [Have questions for the interviewer](#have-questions-for-the-interviewer) - [Once You've Got The Job](#once-youve-got-the-job) ----------------- Everything below this point is optional ---------------- +**---------------- Everything below this point is optional ----------------** -
-Additional Resources +### Optional Extra Topics & Resources - [Additional Books](#additional-books) +- [System Design, Scalability, Data Handling](#system-design-scalability-data-handling) (if you have 4+ years experience) - [Additional Learning](#additional-learning) - [Compilers](#compilers) - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) @@ -180,99 +247,101 @@ If you want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, study more from - [Computer Science Courses](#computer-science-courses) - [Papers](#papers) -
- --- ## Why use it? -When I started this project, I didn't know a stack from a heap, didn't know Big-O anything, anything about trees, or how to -traverse a graph. If I had to code a sorting algorithm, I can tell ya it wouldn't have been very good. -Every data structure I've ever used was built into the language, and I didn't know how they worked -under the hood at all. I've never had to manage memory unless a process I was running would give an "out of -memory" error, and then I'd have to find a workaround. I've used a few multidimensional arrays in my life and -thousands of associative arrays, but I've never created data structures from scratch. +If you want to work as a software engineer for a large company, these are the things you have to know. + +If you missed out on getting a degree in computer science, like I did, this will catch you up and save four years of your life. + +When I started this project, I didn't know a stack from a heap, didn't know Big-O anything, or anything about trees, or how to +traverse a graph. If I had to code a sorting algorithm, I can tell ya it would have been terrible. +Every data structure I had ever used was built into the language, and I didn't know how they worked +under the hood at all. I never had to manage memory unless a process I was running would give an "out of +memory" error, and then I'd have to find a workaround. I used a few multidimensional arrays in my life and +thousands of associative arrays, but I never created data structures from scratch. It's a long plan. It may take you months. If you are familiar with a lot of this already it will take you a lot less time. ## How to use it -
-How to use it - Everything below is an outline, and you should tackle the items in order from top to bottom. -I'm using Github's special markdown flavor, including tasks lists to check progress. +I'm using GitHub's special markdown flavor, including tasks lists to track progress. **Create a new branch so you can check items like this, just put an x in the brackets: [x]** - Fork a branch and follow the commands below -`git checkout -b progress` +Fork the GitHub repo https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university by clicking on the Fork button. -`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` +Clone to your local repo: -`git fetch --all` + git clone git@github.com:/coding-interview-university.git + git checkout -b progress + git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university + git fetch --all - Mark all boxes with X after you completed your changes +Mark all boxes with X after you completed your changes: -`git add . ` + git add . + git commit -m "Marked x" + git rebase jwasham/main + git push --set-upstream origin progress + git push --force -`git commit -m "Marked x" ` - -`git rebase jwasham/master ` - -`git push --force ` - -[More about Github-flavored markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) - -
+[More about GitHub-flavored markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) ## Don't feel you aren't smart enough + - Successful software engineers are smart, but many have an insecurity that they aren't smart enough. - [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) - [It's Dangerous to Go Alone: Battling the Invisible Monsters in Tech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) -- [Believe you can change](http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/dweck) -- [Think you're not smart enough to work at Google? Well, think again](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPOJ1PR50ag) -## About Video Resources +## A Note About Video Resources Some videos are available only by enrolling in a Coursera or EdX class. These are called MOOCs. Sometimes the classes are not in session so you have to wait a couple of months, so you have no access. - I'd appreciate your help to add free and always-available public sources, such as YouTube videos to accompany the online course videos. - I like using university lectures. +It would be great to replace the online course resources with free and always-available public sources, +such as YouTube videos (preferably university lectures), so that you people can study these anytime, +not just when a specific online course is in session. +## Choose a Programming Language -## Interview Process & General Interview Prep +You'll need to choose a programming language for the coding interviews you do, +but you'll also need to find a language that you can use to study computer science concepts. -
-Interview Process & General Interview Prep +Preferably the language would be the same, so that you only need to be proficient in one. -- [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) -- [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) -- [ ] [Effective Whiteboarding during Programming Interviews](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) -- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) -- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: - - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) - - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) -- [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4: - - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) +### For this Study Plan -- [ ] Prep Course: - - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): - - Learn how to make yourself ready for software engineer interviews from a former Google interviewer. - - [ ] [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews! (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): - - A Python centric interview prep course which covers data structures, algorithms, mock interviews and much more. - - [ ] [Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms using Python! (Udacity free course)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): - - A free Python centric data structures and algorithms course. - - [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms Nanodegree! (Udacity paid Nanodegree)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): - - Get hands-on practice with over 100 data structures and algorithm exercises and guidance from a dedicated mentor to help prepare you for interviews and on-the-job scenarios. +When I did the study plan, I used 2 languages for most of it: C and Python -
+* C: Very low level. Allows you to deal with pointers and memory allocation/deallocation, so you feel the data structures + and algorithms in your bones. In higher level languages like Python or Java, these are hidden from you. In day to day work, that's terrific, + but when you're learning how these low-level data structures are built, it's great to feel close to the metal. + - C is everywhere. You'll see examples in books, lectures, videos, *everywhere* while you're studying. + - [The C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - This is a short book, but it will give you a great handle on the C language and if you practice it a little + you'll quickly get proficient. Understanding C helps you understand how programs and memory work. + - You don't need to go super deep in the book (or even finish it). Just get to where you're comfortable reading and writing in C. + - [Answers to questions in the book](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) +* Python: Modern and very expressive, I learned it because it's just super useful and also allows me to write less code in an interview. -## Pick One Language for the Interview +This is my preference. You do what you like, of course. + +You may not need it, but here are some sites for learning a new language: +- [Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks) +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) +- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) +- [Codeforces](https://codeforces.com/) + +### For your Coding Interview You can use a language you are comfortable in to do the coding part of the interview, but for large companies, these are solid choices: @@ -285,169 +354,151 @@ You could also use these, but read around first. There may be caveats: - JavaScript - Ruby +Here is an article I wrote about choosing a language for the interview: +[Pick One Language for the Coding Interview](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/). +This is the original article my post was based on: http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ + You need to be very comfortable in the language and be knowledgeable. -Read more about choices: -- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ -- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ +Read more about choices: +- [Choose the Right Language for Your Coding Interview](http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/) -[See language resources here](programming-language-resources.md) +[See language-specific resources here](programming-language-resources.md) -You'll see some C, C++, and Python learning included below, because I'm learning. There are a few books involved, see the bottom. +## Books for Data Structures and Algorithms -## Book List +This book will form your foundation for computer science. -This is a shorter list than what I used. This is abbreviated to save you time. +Just choose one, in a language that you will be comfortable with. You'll be doing a lot of reading and coding. -### Interview Prep +### C -- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4nd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) - - answers in C++ and Java - - this is a good warm-up for Cracking the Coding Interview - - not too difficult, most problems may be easier than what you'll see in an interview (from what I've read) -- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - answers in Java - -
-If you have tons of extra time: - -Choose one: - -- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) -- [ ] Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version) - - [book](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) - - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) - -
- -### Computer Architecture - -- [ ] [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) - - The book was published in 2004, and is somewhat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief. - - The author invented [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly), so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like. - - These chapters are worth the read to give you a nice foundation: -
- ...... - - - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation - - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations - - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation - - Chapter 5 - Character Representation - - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access - - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects - - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture - - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture - - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization - -
- - -### Language Specific - -**You need to choose a language for the interview (see above).** - -Here are my recommendations by language. I don't have resources for all languages. I welcome additions. - -If you read though one of these, you should have all the data structures and algorithms knowledge you'll need to start doing coding problems. -**You can skip all the video lectures in this project**, unless you'd like a review. - -[Additional language-specific resources here.](programming-language-resources.md) - -### C++ - -
-C++ - -I haven't read these two, but they are highly rated and written by Sedgewick. He's awesome. - -- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) -- [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) - -If you have a better recommendation for C++, please let me know. Looking for a comprehensive resource. - -
- -### Java - -
-Java - -- [ ] [Algorithms (Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) - - videos with book content (and Sedgewick!) on coursera: - - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) - -OR: - -- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) - - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - used as optional text for CS intro course at UC Berkeley - - see my book report on the Python version below. This book covers the same topics. - -
+- [Algorithms in C, Parts 1-5 (Bundle), 3rd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-5-Bundle-Fundamentals/dp/0201756080) + - Fundamentals, Data Structures, Sorting, Searching, and Graph Algorithms ### Python -
-Python - -- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) +- [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - I loved this book. It covered everything and more. - Pythonic code - my glowing book report: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ -
+### Java +Your choice: -## Before you Get Started +- Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) +- Sedgewick and Wayne: + - [Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - Free Coursera course that covers the book (taught by the authors!): + - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) -This list grew over many months, and yes, it kind of got out of hand. +### C++ -Here are some mistakes I made so you'll have a better experience. +Your choice: + +- Goodrich, Tamassia, and Mount + - [Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, 2nd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/0470383275) +- Sedgewick and Wayne + - [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) + - [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) + +## Interview Prep Books + +You don't need to buy a bunch of these. Honestly "Cracking the Coding Interview" is probably enough, +but I bought more to give myself more practice. But I always do too much. + +I bought both of these. They gave me plenty of practice. + +- [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) + - Answers in C++ and Java + - This is a good warm-up for Cracking the Coding Interview + - Not too difficult. Most problems may be easier than what you'll see in an interview (from what I've read) +- [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - answers in Java + +### If you have tons of extra time: + +Choose one: + +- [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) + +## Don't Make My Mistakes + +This list grew over many months, and yes, it got out of hand. + +Here are some mistakes I made so you'll have a better experience. And you'll save months of time. ### 1. You Won't Remember it All I watched hours of videos and took copious notes, and months later there was much I didn't remember. I spent 3 days going -through my notes and making flashcards so I could review. +through my notes and making flashcards, so I could review. I didn't need all of that knowledge. -Read please so you won't make my mistakes: +Please, read so you won't make my mistakes: -[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) +[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/). ### 2. Use Flashcards To solve the problem, I made a little flashcards site where I could add flashcards of 2 types: general and code. -Each card has different formatting. - -I made a mobile-first website so I could review on my phone and tablet, wherever I am. +Each card has different formatting. I made a mobile-first website, so I could review on my phone or tablet, wherever I am. Make your own for free: - [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): -- [My flash cards database (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): -Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required. +**I DON'T RECOMMEND using my flashcards.** There are too many and many of them are trivia that you don't need. + +But if you don't want to listen to me, here you go: +- [My flash cards database (1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [My flash cards database (extreme - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): + +Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. +It's way too much for what's required. **Note on flashcards:** The first time you recognize you know the answer, don't mark it as known. You have to see the same card and answer it several times correctly before you really know it. Repetition will put that knowledge deeper in your brain. -An alternative to using my flashcard site is [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), which has been recommended to me numerous times. It uses a repetition system to help you remember. -It's user-friendly, available on all platforms and has a cloud sync system. It costs $25 on iOS but is free on other platforms. +An alternative to using my flashcard site is [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), which has been recommended to me numerous times. +It uses a repetition system to help you remember. It's user-friendly, available on all platforms and has a cloud sync system. +It costs $25 on iOS but is free on other platforms. -My flashcard database in Anki format: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) +My flashcard database in Anki format: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)). -### 3. Review, review, review +Some students have mentioned formatting issues with white space that can be fixed by doing the following: open deck, edit card, click cards, select the "styling" radio button, add the member "white-space: pre;" to the card class. -I keep a set of cheat sheets on ASCII, OSI stack, Big-O notations, and more. I study them when I have some spare time. +### 3. Do Coding Interview Questions While You're Learning -Take a break from programming problems for a half hour and go through your flashcards. +THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT. + +Start doing coding interview questions while you're learning data structures and algorithms. + +You need to apply what you're learning to solving problems, or you'll forget. I made this mistake. + +Once you've learned a topic, and feel somewhat comfortable with it, for example, **linked lists**: +1. Open one of the [coding interview books](#interview-prep-books) (or coding problem websites, listed below) +1. Do 2 or 3 questions regarding linked lists. +1. Move on to the next learning topic. +1. Later, go back and do another 2 or 3 linked list problems. +1. Do this with each new topic you learn. + +**Keep doing problems while you're learning all this stuff, not after.** + +You're not being hired for knowledge, but how you apply the knowledge. + +There are many resources for this, listed below. Keep going. ### 4. Focus -There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concentration are hard. +There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concentration are hard. Turn on some music +without lyrics and you'll be able to focus pretty well. ## What you won't see covered @@ -459,103 +510,114 @@ These are prevalent technologies but not part of this study plan: ## The Daily Plan -Some subjects take one day, and some will take multiple days. Some are just learning with nothing to implement. +This course goes over a lot of subjects. Each will probably take you a few days, or maybe even a week or more. It depends on your schedule. -Each day I take one subject from the list below, watch videos about that subject, and write an implementation in: -- C - using structs and functions that take a struct * and something else as args. -- C++ - without using built-in types -- C++ - using built-in types, like STL's std::list for a linked list -- Python - using built-in types (to keep practicing Python) -- and write tests to ensure I'm doing it right, sometimes just using simple assert() statements -- You may do Java or something else, this is just my thing. - -You don't need all these. You need only [one language for the interview](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview). - -Why code in all of these? -- Practice, practice, practice, until I'm sick of it, and can do it with no problem (some have many edge cases and bookkeeping details to remember) -- Work within the raw constraints (allocating/freeing memory without help of garbage collection (except Python or Java)) -- Make use of built-in types so I have experience using the built-in tools for real-world use (not going to write my own linked list implementation in production) - -I may not have time to do all of these for every subject, but I'll try. +Each day, take the next subject in the list, watch some videos about that subject, and then write an implementation +of that data structure or algorithm in the language you chose for this course. You can see my code here: - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) -You don't need to memorize the guts of every algorithm. +You don't need to memorize every algorithm. You just need to be able to understand it enough to be able to write your own implementation. -Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample inputs. Then test it out on a computer. +## Coding Question Practice -## Prerequisite Knowledge + Why is this here? I'm not ready to interview. -
-Prerequisite Knowledge +[Then go back and read this.](#3-do-coding-interview-questions-while-youre-learning) -- [ ] **Learn C** - - C is everywhere. You'll see examples in books, lectures, videos, *everywhere* while you're studying. - - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) - - This is a short book, but it will give you a great handle on the C language and if you practice it a little - you'll quickly get proficient. Understanding C helps you understand how programs and memory work. - - [answers to questions](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) +Why you need to practice doing programming problems: +- Problem recognition, and where the right data structures and algorithms fit in +- Gathering requirements for the problem +- Talking your way through the problem like you will in the interview +- Coding on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer +- Coming up with time and space complexity for your solutions (see Big-O below) +- Testing your solutions -- [ ] **How computers process a program:** - - [ ] [How CPU executes a program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) - - [ ] [How computers calculate - ALU (video)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) - - [ ] [Registers and RAM (video)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) - - [ ] [The Central Processing Unit (CPU) (video)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) - - [ ] [Instructions and Programs (video)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) +There is a great intro for methodical, communicative problem solving in an interview. You'll get this from the programming +interview books, too, but I found this outstanding: +[Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) -
+Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample inputs. Then type it and test it out on a computer. + +If you don't have a whiteboard at home, pick up a large drawing pad from an art store. You can sit on the couch and practice. +This is my "sofa whiteboard". I added the pen in the photo just for scale. If you use a pen, you'll wish you could erase. +Gets messy quick. **I use a pencil and eraser.** + +![my sofa whiteboard](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) + +**Coding question practice is not about memorizing answers to programming problems.** + +## Coding Problems + +Don't forget your key coding interview books [here](#interview-prep-books). + +Solving Problems: +- [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) + +Coding Interview Question Videos: +- [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - Super for walkthroughs of problem solutions +- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 Videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - Good explanations of solution and the code + - You can watch several in a short time +- [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) + +Challenge sites: +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) + - My favorite coding problem site. It's worth the subscription money for the 1-2 months you'll likely be preparing. + - See Nick White and FisherCoder Videos above for code walk-throughs. +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/explore/?page=1) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/) +- [Project Euler](https://projecteuler.net/) + +## Let's Get Started + +Alright, enough talk, let's learn! + +But don't forget to do coding problems from above while you learn! ## Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis -
-Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis - -- Nothing to implement +- Nothing to implement here, you're just watching videos and taking notes! Yay! - There are a lot of videos here. Just watch enough until you understand it. You can always come back and review. -- If some of the lectures are too mathy, you can jump down to the bottom and watch the discrete mathematics videos to get the background knowledge. +- Don't worry if you don't understand all the math behind it. +- You just need to understand how to express the complexity of an algorithm in terms of Big-O. - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) - [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) - [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) - [ ] Skiena: - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [slides](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) -- [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) -- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/orders-of-growth-6PKkX) -- [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/asymptotics-bXAtM) + - [slides](https://archive.org/details/lecture2_202008) - [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_ca3e7UVmeUc) - [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/illustrating-big-o-YVqzv) - [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) +Well, that's about enough of that. -
+When you go through "Cracking the Coding Interview", there is a chapter on this, and at the end there is a quiz to see +if you can identify the runtime complexity of different algorithms. It's a super review and test. ## Data Structures -
-Data Structures - - ### Arrays - - Implement an automatically resizing vector. - - [ ] Description: - - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) + - [ ] About Arrays: + - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/arrays-OsBSF) - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (Start watching from 15m 32s) - - [Basic Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_04-basicArrays.mp4) - - [Multi-dim (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_05-multidimensionalArrays.mp4) - - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) + - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/dynamic-arrays-EwbnV) - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) - - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_06-jaggedArrays.mp4) - - [Resizing arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/03_01-resizableArrays.mp4) - [ ] Implement a vector (mutable array with automatic resizing): - [ ] Practice coding using arrays and pointers, and pointer math to jump to an index instead of using indexing. - - [ ] new raw data array with allocated memory + - [ ] New raw data array with allocated memory - can allocate int array under the hood, just not use its features - start with 16, or if starting number is greater, use power of 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 - [ ] size() - number of items @@ -581,20 +643,20 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - ### Linked Lists - [ ] Description: - - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation. + - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: - - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) - - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9) + - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd) - [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) - [ ] Gotcha: you need pointer to pointer knowledge: (for when you pass a pointer to a function that may change the address where that pointer points) This page is just to get a grasp on ptr to ptr. I don't recommend this list traversal style. Readability and maintainability suffer due to cleverness. - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) - - [ ] implement (I did with tail pointer & without): + - [ ] Implement (I did with tail pointer & without): - [ ] size() - returns number of data elements in list - [ ] empty() - bool returns true if empty - [ ] value_at(index) - returns the value of the nth item (starting at 0 for first) @@ -610,19 +672,16 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] reverse() - reverses the list - [ ] remove_value(value) - removes the first item in the list with this value - [ ] Doubly-linked List - - [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) + - [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/doubly-linked-lists-jpGKD) - No need to implement - ### Stack - - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) - - [ ] [Using Stacks Last-In First-Out (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_01-usingStacksForLast-inFirst-out.mp4) - - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. + - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ) + - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial - ### Queue - - [ ] [Using Queues First-In First-Out(video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_03-usingQueuesForFirst-inFirst-out.mp4) - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) - - [ ] [Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_04-priorityQueuesAndDeques.mp4) - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) @@ -645,35 +704,27 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [PyCon 2017: The Dictionary Even Mightier (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU) - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) - [ ] Online Courses: - - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_02-understandingHashFunctions.mp4) - - [ ] [Using Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_03-usingHashTables.mp4) - - [ ] [Supporting Hashing (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_04-supportingHashing.mp4) - - [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_05-languageSupportForHashTables.mp4) - - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) - - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) - - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) + - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4) + - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/phone-book-problem-NYZZP) - [ ] distributed hash tables: - - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) - - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox-DvaIb) + - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/distributed-hash-tables-tvH8H) - - [ ] implement with array using linear probing + - [ ] Implement with array using linear probing - hash(k, m) - m is size of hash table - add(key, value) - if key already exists, update value - exists(key) - get(key) - remove(key) -
- ## More Knowledge -
-More Knowledge - - ### Binary search - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) @@ -683,7 +734,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - binary search using recursion - ### Bitwise operations - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - [ ] Good intro: @@ -694,31 +745,25 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] [Bit Hacks (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZusiKXcz_ac) + - [ ] [Practice Operations](https://pconrad.github.io/old_pconrad_cs16/topics/bitOps/) - [ ] 2s and 1s complement - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) - - [ ] count set bits + - [ ] Count set bits - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) - - [ ] round to next power of 2: - - [Round Up To Next Power Of Two](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/roundUpToNextPowerOfTwo.html) - - [ ] swap values: + - [ ] Swap values: - [Swap](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) - - [ ] absolute value: + - [ ] Absolute value: - [Absolute Integer](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) -
- ## Trees -
-Trees - - ### Trees - Notes & Background - - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) - - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) + - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/trees-95qda) - basic tree construction - traversal - manipulation algorithms @@ -737,9 +782,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) - ### Binary search trees: BSTs - - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [Series (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) - - starts with symbol table and goes through BST applications + - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) - C/C++: @@ -792,20 +835,14 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] sift_down - needed for extract_max - [ ] remove(x) - removes item at index x - [ ] heapify - create a heap from an array of elements, needed for heap_sort - - [ ] heap_sort() - take an unsorted array and turn it into a sorted array in-place using a max heap - - note: using a min heap instead would save operations, but double the space needed (cannot do in-place). - -
+ - [ ] heap_sort() - take an unsorted array and turn it into a sorted array in-place using a max heap or min heap ## Sorting -
-Sorting - - [ ] Notes: - Implement sorts & know best case/worst case, average complexity of each: - no bubble sort - it's terrible - O(n^2), except when n <= 16 - - [ ] stability in sorting algorithms ("Is Quicksort stable?") + - [ ] Stability in sorting algorithms ("Is Quicksort stable?") - [Sorting Algorithm Stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) @@ -814,7 +851,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - I wouldn't recommend sorting a linked list, but merge sort is doable. - [Merge Sort For Linked List](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) -- For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. Heap sort is great, but not stable. +- For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. Heap sort is great, but not stable - [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort) @@ -856,7 +893,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case - Selection sort and insertion sort are both O(n^2) average and worst case - - For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. + - For heapsort, see Heap data structure above - [ ] Not required, but I recommended them: - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) @@ -875,13 +912,8 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input As a summary, here is a visual representation of [15 sorting algorithms](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg). If you need more detail on this subject, see "Sorting" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) -
- ## Graphs -
-Graphs - Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this section is long, like trees and sorting were. - Notes: @@ -891,8 +923,8 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - adjacency list - adjacency map - Familiarize yourself with each representation and its pros & cons - - BFS and DFS - know their computational complexity, their tradeoffs, and how to implement them in real code - - When asked a question, look for a graph-based solution first, then move on if none. + - BFS and DFS - know their computational complexity, their trade offs, and how to implement them in real code + - When asked a question, look for a graph-based solution first, then move on if none - [ ] MIT(videos): - [ ] [Breadth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) @@ -940,26 +972,22 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] list strongly connected components - [ ] check for bipartite graph -
- ## Even More Knowledge -
-Even More Knowledge - - ### Recursion - [ ] Stanford lectures on recursion & backtracking: - [ ] [Lecture 8 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) - - when it is appropriate to use it - - how is tail recursion better than not? + - When it is appropriate to use it? + - How is tail recursion better than not? - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) - ### Dynamic Programming - - You probably won't see any dynamic programming problems in your interview, but it's worth being able to recognize a problem as being a candidate for dynamic programming. + - You probably won't see any dynamic programming problems in your interview, but it's worth being able to recognize a + problem as being a candidate for dynamic programming. - This subject can be pretty difficult, as each DP soluble problem must be defined as a recursion relation, and coming up with it can be tricky. - I suggest looking at many examples of DP problems until you have a solid understanding of the pattern involved. - [ ] Videos: @@ -984,27 +1012,6 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) -- ### Object-Oriented Programming - - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) - - [ ] Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos): - - Can skip this if you have a great grasp of OO and OO design practices. - - [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] SOLID OOP Principles: - - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) - - [ ] [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) - - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) - - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) - - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) - - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) - - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use - - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) - - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. - - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) - - ### Design patterns - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) - [ ] Learn these patterns: @@ -1034,7 +1041,6 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) - - ### Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) - [ ] [Make School: Probability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) @@ -1066,6 +1072,14 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) - Pages 1048 - 1140 in CLRS if you have it. +- ### How computers process a program + + - [ ] [How CPU executes a program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + - [ ] [How computers calculate - ALU (video)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + - [ ] [Registers and RAM (video)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [ ] [The Central Processing Unit (CPU) (video)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [ ] [Instructions and Programs (video)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) + - ### Caches - [ ] LRU cache: - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) @@ -1082,27 +1096,27 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) - Covers: - Processes, Threads, Concurrency issues - - difference between processes and threads - - processes - - threads - - locks - - mutexes - - semaphores - - monitors - - how they work - - deadlock - - livelock + - Difference between processes and threads + - Processes + - Threads + - Locks + - Mutexes + - Semaphores + - Monitors + - How they work? + - Deadlock + - Livelock - CPU activity, interrupts, context switching - Modern concurrency constructs with multicore processors - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) - - [Scheduling (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Gu5mYdKbu4&index=4&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8) - Process resource needs (memory: code, static storage, stack, heap, and also file descriptors, i/o) - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own pc, stack counter, registers, and stack) - Forking is really copy on write (read-only) until the new process writes to memory, then it does a full copy. - Context switching - - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware + - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware? - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] [CS 377 Spring '14: Operating Systems from University of Massachusetts](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLacuG5pysFbDQU8kKxbUh4K5c1iL5_k7k) - [ ] concurrency in Python (videos): - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) @@ -1122,19 +1136,11 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant) (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) - [slides](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) - - [ ] [TDD is dead. Long live testing.](http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html) - - [ ] [Is TDD dead? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9quxZsLcfo) - - [ ] [Video series (152 videos) - not all are needed (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzJapzxH_rE&list=PLAwxTw4SYaPkWVHeC_8aSIbSxE_NXI76g) - - [ ] [Test-Driven Web Development with Python](http://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/pages/book.html#toc) - [ ] Dependency injection: - [ ] [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) - [ ] [How to write tests](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) -- ### Scheduling - - in an OS, how it works - - can be gleaned from Operating System videos - - ### String searching & manipulations - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) @@ -1145,12 +1151,12 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) - If you need more detail on this subject, see "String Matching" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) + If you need more detail on this subject, see "String Matching" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects). - ### Tries - Note there are different kinds of tries. Some have prefixes, some don't, and some use string instead of bits - to track the path. - - I read through code, but will not implement. + to track the path + - I read through code, but will not implement - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) @@ -1182,8 +1188,8 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - ### Networking - **if you have networking experience or want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, expect questions** - - otherwise, this is just good to know - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) + - Otherwise, this is just good to know + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/code-org/computers-and-the-internet) - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained! (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial. (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) @@ -1197,24 +1203,193 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) -
+--- + +## Final Review + + This section will have shorter videos that you can watch pretty quickly to review most of the important concepts. + It's nice if you want a refresher often. + +- [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (18 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +--- + +## Update Your Resume + +- See Resume prep information in the books: "Cracking The Coding Interview" and "Programming Interviews Exposed" +- I don't know how important this is (you can do your own research) but here is an article on making your resume ATS Compliant: + - [How to Create or Check if your Resume is ATS Compliant](https://ayedot.com/97/MiniBlog/Meaning-of-ATS-compliant-resume-and-How-to-create-ATS-Resume-for-Free) +- ["This Is What A GOOD Resume Should Look Like" by Gayle McDowell (author of Cracking the Coding Interview)](https://www.careercup.com/resume), + - Note by the author: "This is for a US-focused resume. CVs for India and other countries have different expectations, although many of the points will be the same." + + +## Find a Job + +- [Simplify](https://simplify.jobs/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=coding-interview-university&utm_campaign=find_jobs) + - Simplify is a platform that offers curated lists of jobs like *Software Roles at Unicorns* and *SWE Roles at Big Tech Companies*. They also offer a + free browser extension that helps you autofill job applications on millions of sites. +- [Sites for Finding Jobs](https://ayedot.com/151/MiniBlog/Top-10-Best-Websites-for-Careers--Jobs) + +## Interview Process & General Interview Prep + +- [ ] [How to Pass the Engineering Interview in 2021](https://davidbyttow.medium.com/how-to-pass-the-engineering-interview-in-2021-45f1b389a1) +- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4: + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4.1 (Follow-up video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6790FVXWBw8&feature=youtu.be) +- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] Cracking the Facebook Coding Interview: + - [ ] [The Approach](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) + - [ ] [Problem Walkthrough](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) +- Prep Courses: + - [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): + - Learn how to make yourself ready for software engineer interviews from a former Google interviewer. + - [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - A Python centric interview prep course which covers data structures, algorithms, mock interviews and much more. + - [Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms using Python (Udacity free course)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): + - A free Python centric data structures and algorithms course. + - [Data Structures and Algorithms Nanodegree! (Udacity paid Nanodegree)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): + - Get hands-on practice with over 100 data structures and algorithm exercises and guidance from a dedicated mentor to help prepare you for interviews and on-the-job scenarios. + - [Grokking the Behavioral Interview (Educative free course)](https://www.educative.io/courses/grokking-the-behavioral-interview): + - Many times, it’s not your technical competency that holds you back from landing your dream job, it’s how you perform on the behavioral interview. + +Mock Interviews: +- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - I used this and it helped me relax for the phone screen and on-site interview +- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - peer-to-peer model of practice interviews +- [interviewing.io: Practice mock interview with senior engineers](https://interviewing.io) - anonymous algorithmic/systems design interviews with senior engineers from FAANG anonymously + +## Be thinking of for when the interview comes + +Think of about 20 interview questions you'll get, along with the lines of the items below. Have at least one answer for each. +Have a story, not just data, about something you accomplished. + +- Why do you want this job? +- What's a tough problem you've solved? +- Biggest challenges faced? +- Best/worst designs seen? +- Ideas for improving an existing product +- How do you work best, as an individual and as part of a team? +- Which of your skills or experiences would be assets in the role and why? +- What did you most enjoy at [job x / project y]? +- What was the biggest challenge you faced at [job x / project y]? +- What was the hardest bug you faced at [job x / project y]? +- What did you learn at [job x / project y]? +- What would you have done better at [job x / project y]? + +- If you find it hard to come up with good answers of these types of interview questions, here are some ideas: + - [General Interview Questions and their Answers](https://ayedot.com/119/MiniBlog/General-Interview-Questions-and-their-Answers-for-Tech-Jobs) + +## Have questions for the interviewer + +Some of mine (I already may know the answers, but want their opinion or team perspective): + +- How large is your team? +- What does your dev cycle look like? Do you do waterfall/sprints/agile? +- Are rushes to deadlines common? Or is there flexibility? +- How are decisions made in your team? +- How many meetings do you have per week? +- Do you feel your work environment helps you concentrate? +- What are you working on? +- What do you like about it? +- What is the work life like? +- How is the work/life balance? + +## Once You've Got The Job + +Congratulations! + +Keep learning. + +You're never really done. + +--- + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + + Everything below this point is optional. It is NOT needed for an entry-level interview. + However, by studying these, you'll get greater exposure to more CS concepts, and will be better prepared for + any software engineering job. You'll be a much more well-rounded software engineer. + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + +--- + +## Additional Books + + These are here so you can dive into a topic you find interesting. + +- [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) + - An oldie but a goodie +- [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - A modern option +- [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) +- [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - A gentle introduction to design patterns +- [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - AKA the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF + - The canonical design patterns book +- [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - As a review and problem recognition + - The algorithm catalog portion is well beyond the scope of difficulty you'll get in an interview + - This book has 2 parts: + - Class textbook on data structures and algorithms + - Pros: + - Is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be + - Nice stories from his experiences solving problems in industry and academia + - Code examples in C + - Cons: + - Can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects + - Chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have + - Don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material + - Algorithm catalog: + - This is the real reason you buy this book. + - This book is better as an algorithm reference, and not something you read cover to cover. + - Can rent it on Kindle + - Answers: + - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +- [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - The book was published in 2004, and is somewhat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief + - The author invented [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly), so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like + - These chapters are worth the read to give you a nice foundation: + - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation + - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations + - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation + - Chapter 5 - Character Representation + - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access + - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects + - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture + - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture + - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization +- [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) + - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently + - AKA CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game +- [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + - For a richer, more up-to-date (2017), but longer treatment ## System Design, Scalability, Data Handling -
-System Design, Scalability, Data Handling - **You can expect system design questions if you have 4+ years of experience.** - Scalability and System Design are very large topics with many topics and resources, since there is a lot to consider when designing a software/hardware system that can scale. - Expect to spend quite a bit of time on this. + Expect to spend quite a bit of time on this - Considerations: - - scalability + - Scalability - Distill large data sets to single values - Transform one data set to another - Handling obscenely large amounts of data - - system design + - System design - features sets - interfaces - class hierarchies @@ -1224,16 +1399,16 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - performance analysis and optimization - [ ] **START HERE**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) - [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) -- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) +- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Interview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) - [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) -- [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) - [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) -- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below. +- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below - [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) - [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) - [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) - [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) -- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) +- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem) +- [ ] [MIT 6.824: Distributed Systems, Spring 2020 (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQP8WApzIQQ&list=PLrw6a1wE39_tb2fErI4-WkMbsvGQk9_UB) - [ ] Consensus Algorithms: - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) @@ -1251,15 +1426,12 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) - - [ ] [Pragmatic Programming Techniques](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) - - [extra: Google Pregel Graph Processing](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) - - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) @@ -1268,305 +1440,65 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) - - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Get In The Queue](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) - - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) - - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) - - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) - - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) - - [ ] [Cinchcast Architecture - Producing 1,500 Hours Of Audio Every Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) - - [ ] [Justin.Tv's Live Video Broadcasting Architecture](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) - - [ ] [Playfish's Social Gaming Architecture - 50 Million Monthly Users And Growing](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) - - [ ] [TripAdvisor Architecture - 40M Visitors, 200M Dynamic Page Views, 30TB Data](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) - - [ ] [PlentyOfFish Architecture](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) - [ ] See "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" way below for info on some of the technologies that can glue services together - [ ] Twitter: - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) - - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [Video Series](#video-series) section. + - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [Video Series](#video-series) section - [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: - review: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - flow: 1. Understand the problem and scope: - - define the use cases, with interviewer's help - - suggest additional features - - remove items that interviewer deems out of scope - - assume high availability is required, add as a use case + - Define the use cases, with interviewer's help + - Suggest additional features + - Remove items that interviewer deems out of scope + - Assume high availability is required, add as a use case 2. Think about constraints: - - ask how many requests per month - - ask how many requests per second (they may volunteer it or make you do the math) - - estimate reads vs. writes percentage - - keep 80/20 rule in mind when estimating - - how much data written per second - - total storage required over 5 years - - how much data read per second + - Ask how many requests per month + - Ask how many requests per second (they may volunteer it or make you do the math) + - Estimate reads vs. writes percentage + - Keep 80/20 rule in mind when estimating + - How much data written per second + - Total storage required over 5 years + - How much data read per second 3. Abstract design: - - layers (service, data, caching) - - infrastructure: load balancing, messaging - - rough overview of any key algorithm that drives the service - - consider bottlenecks and determine solutions + - Layers (service, data, caching) + - Infrastructure: load balancing, messaging + - Rough overview of any key algorithm that drives the service + - Consider bottlenecks and determine solutions - Exercises: - - [Design a CDN network: old article](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) - - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) -
- ---- - -## Final Review - -
-Final Review - - This section will have shorter videos that you can watch pretty quickly to review most of the important concepts. - It's nice if you want a refresher often. - -- [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (18 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) -- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) -- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) - -
- ---- - -## Coding Question Practice - -
-Coding Question Practice - -Now that you know all the computer science topics above, it's time to practice answering coding problems. - -**Coding question practice is not about memorizing answers to programming problems.** - -Why you need to practice doing programming problems: -- problem recognition, and where the right data structures and algorithms fit in -- gathering requirements for the problem -- talking your way through the problem like you will in the interview -- coding on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer -- coming up with time and space complexity for your solutions -- testing your solutions - -There is a great intro for methodical, communicative problem solving in an interview. You'll get this from the programming -interview books, too, but I found this outstanding: -[Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) - -No whiteboard at home? That makes sense. I'm a weirdo and have a big whiteboard. Instead of a whiteboard, pick up a -large drawing pad from an art store. You can sit on the couch and practice. This is my "sofa whiteboard". -I added the pen in the photo for scale. If you use a pen, you'll wish you could erase. Gets messy quick. - -![my sofa whiteboard](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) - -Supplemental: - -- [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) -- [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) -- [MIT Interview Materials](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) -- [Exercises for getting better at a given language](http://exercism.io/languages) - -**Read and Do Programming Problems (in this order):** - -- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) - - answers in C, C++ and Java -- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - answers in Java - -See [Book List above](#book-list) - -
- -## Coding exercises/challenges - -
-Coding Question Practice - -Once you've learned your brains out, put those brains to work. -Take coding challenges every day, as many as you can. - -- [ ] [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) -- [ ] [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) - -Coding Interview Question Videos: -- [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) -- [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) - -Challenge sites: -- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) -- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) -- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) -- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) -- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) -- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) -- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) -- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) -- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) -- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) -- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) - -Challenge repos: -- [Interactive Coding Interview Challenges in Python](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) - -Mock Interviews: -- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - I used this and it helped me relax for the phone screen and on-site interview. -- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - peer-to-peer model of practice interviews -- [Refdash: Mock interviews and expedited interviews](https://refdash.com/) - also help candidates fast track by skipping multiple interviews with tech companies. - -
- -## Once you're closer to the interview - -- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (videos): - - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) - - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) - -## Your Resume - -- See Resume prep items in Cracking The Coding Interview and back of Programming Interviews Exposed - - -## Be thinking of for when the interview comes - -Think of about 20 interview questions you'll get, along with the lines of the items below. Have 2-3 answers for each. -Have a story, not just data, about something you accomplished. - -- Why do you want this job? -- What's a tough problem you've solved? -- Biggest challenges faced? -- Best/worst designs seen? -- Ideas for improving an existing product. -- How do you work best, as an individual and as part of a team? -- Which of your skills or experiences would be assets in the role and why? -- What did you most enjoy at [job x / project y]? -- What was the biggest challenge you faced at [job x / project y]? -- What was the hardest bug you faced at [job x / project y]? -- What did you learn at [job x / project y]? -- What would you have done better at [job x / project y]? - -## Have questions for the interviewer - - Some of mine (I already may know answer to but want their opinion or team perspective): - -- How large is your team? -- What does your dev cycle look like? Do you do waterfall/sprints/agile? -- Are rushes to deadlines common? Or is there flexibility? -- How are decisions made in your team? -- How many meetings do you have per week? -- Do you feel your work environment helps you concentrate? -- What are you working on? -- What do you like about it? -- What is the work life like? - -## Once You've Got The Job - -Congratulations! - -Keep learning. - -You're never really done. - ---- - - ***************************************************************************************************** - ***************************************************************************************************** - - Everything below this point is optional. - By studying these, you'll get greater exposure to more CS concepts, and will be better prepared for - any software engineering job. You'll be a much more well-rounded software engineer. - - ***************************************************************************************************** - ***************************************************************************************************** - ---- - -## Additional Books - -
-Additional Books - -- [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) - - an oldie but a goodie -- [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) - - a modern option -- [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) -- [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) - - a gentle introduction to design patterns -- [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) - - aka the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF - - the canonical design patterns book -- [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 5th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0134277554/) -- [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) - - As a review and problem recognition - - The algorithm catalog portion is well beyond the scope of difficulty you'll get in an interview. - - This book has 2 parts: - - class textbook on data structures and algorithms - - pros: - - is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be - - nice stories from his experiences solving problems in industry and academia - - code examples in C - - cons: - - can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects - - chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have - - don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material. - - algorithm catalog: - - this is the real reason you buy this book. - - about to get to this part. Will update here once I've made my way through it. - - Can rent it on kindle - - Answers: - - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) - - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) - - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) - -- [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) - - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently. - - aka CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game - -- [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) - - For a richer, more up-to-date (2017), but longer treatment - -- [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) - - The first couple of chapters present clever solutions to programming problems (some very old using data tape) but - that is just an intro. This a guidebook on program design and architecture, much like Code Complete, but much shorter. - -
- - - ## Additional Learning -
-Additional Learning - -These topics will likely not come up in an interview, but I added them to help you become a well-rounded -software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so you'll have a bigger toolbox. + I added them to help you become a well-rounded software engineer, and to be aware of certain + technologies and algorithms, so you'll have a bigger toolbox. - ### Compilers - - [ ] [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) - - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) - - [ ] [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) - - [ ] [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) + - [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) - ### Emacs and vi(m) - Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor @@ -1591,115 +1523,115 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo - ### Unix command line tools - I filled in the list below from good tools. - - [ ] bash - - [ ] cat - - [ ] grep - - [ ] sed - - [ ] awk - - [ ] curl or wget - - [ ] sort - - [ ] tr - - [ ] uniq - - [ ] [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) - - [ ] [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + - bash + - cat + - grep + - sed + - awk + - curl or wget + - sort + - tr + - uniq + - [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) - ### Information theory (videos) - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) - - [ ] more about Markov processes: - - [ ] [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) - - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below. + - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - More about Markov processes: + - [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below - ### Parity & Hamming Code (videos) - - [ ] [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) - - [ ] [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) - - [ ] Hamming Code: + - [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - Hamming Code: - [Error detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) - - [ ] [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + - [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) - ### Entropy - - also see videos below - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + - Also see videos below + - Make sure to watch information theory videos first + - [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) - ### Cryptography - - also see videos below - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) - - [ ] [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) - - [ ] [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - Also see videos below + - Make sure to watch information theory videos first + - [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - ### Compression - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] Computerphile (videos): - - [ ] [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) - - [ ] [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) - - [ ] [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) - - [ ] [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) - - [ ] [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) - - [ ] [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) - - [ ] [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) - - [ ] [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) + - Make sure to watch information theory videos first + - Computerphile (videos): + - [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) - ### Computer Security - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) - - [ ] [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) - - [ ] [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) - - [ ] [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - ### Garbage collection - - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) - - [ ] [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) + - [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) - ### Parallel Programming - - [ ] [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) - - [ ] [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + - [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) - ### Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems - - [ ] [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) - - [ ] [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) - [Tutorials](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) - - [ ] [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) - - [ ] [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [Redis](http://redis.io/) - [Tutorial](http://try.redis.io/) - - [ ] [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) - - [ ] [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) - - [ ] [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) - [Get Started](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) - - [ ] [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) - - [ ] [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) - - [ ] [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) - - [ ] [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) - - [ ] [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) - - [ ] [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + - [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) - ### A* - - [ ] [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) - - [ ] [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) - - [ ] [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) + - [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) - ### Fast Fourier Transform - - [ ] [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) - - [ ] [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) - - [ ] [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) - - [ ] [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + - [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) - ### Bloom Filter - Given a Bloom filter with m bits and k hashing functions, both insertion and membership testing are O(k) @@ -1712,16 +1644,16 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) - ### Locality-Sensitive Hashing - - used to determine the similarity of documents - - the opposite of MD5 or SHA which are used to determine if 2 documents/strings are exactly the same. + - Used to determine the similarity of documents + - The opposite of MD5 or SHA which are used to determine if 2 documents/strings are exactly the same - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) - ### van Emde Boas Trees - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) - - [ ] [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + - [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) - ### Augmented Data Structures - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) + - [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) - ### Balanced search trees - Know at least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented): @@ -1730,37 +1662,37 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo to move any accessed key to the root." - Skiena - Of these, I chose to implement a splay tree. From what I've read, you won't implement a balanced search tree in your interview. But I wanted exposure to coding one up - and let's face it, splay trees are the bee's knees. I did read a lot of red-black tree code. - - splay tree: insert, search, delete functions + and let's face it, splay trees are the bee's knees. I did read a lot of red-black tree code + - Splay tree: insert, search, delete functions If you end up implementing red/black tree try just these: - - search and insertion functions, skipping delete - - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets. - - [ ] [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + - Search and insertion functions, skipping delete + - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets + - [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) - - [ ] **AVL trees** + - **AVL trees** - In practice: From what I can tell, these aren't used much in practice, but I could see where they would be: The AVL tree is another structure supporting O(log n) search, insertion, and removal. It is more rigidly balanced than red–black trees, leading to slower insertion and removal but faster retrieval. This makes it attractive for data structures that may be built once and loaded without reconstruction, such as language - dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter). - - [ ] [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) - - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter) + - [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) - - [ ] **Splay trees** + - **Splay trees** - In practice: Splay trees are typically used in the implementation of caches, memory allocators, routers, garbage collectors, data compression, ropes (replacement of string used for long text strings), in Windows NT (in the virtual memory, - networking and file system code) etc. - - [ ] [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) - - [ ] MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: + networking and file system code) etc + - [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) + - MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: - Gets very mathy, but watch the last 10 minutes for sure. - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) - - [ ] **Red/black trees** - - these are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below) + - **Red/black trees** + - These are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below). - In practice: Red–black trees offer worst-case guarantees for insertion time, deletion time, and search time. Not only does this make them valuable in time-sensitive applications such as real-time applications, @@ -1768,106 +1700,109 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo for example, many data structures used in computational geometry can be based on red–black trees, and the Completely Fair Scheduler used in current Linux kernels uses red–black trees. In the version 8 of Java, the Collection HashMap has been modified such that instead of using a LinkedList to store identical elements with poor - hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used. - - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) - - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - - [ ] [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) - - [ ] **2-3 search trees** + - **2-3 search trees** - In practice: 2-3 trees have faster inserts at the expense of slower searches (since height is more compared to AVL trees). - You would use 2-3 tree very rarely because its implementation involves different types of nodes. Instead, people use Red Black trees. - - [ ] [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) - - [ ] [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** + - **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** - In practice: For every 2-4 tree, there are corresponding red–black trees with data elements in the same order. The insertion and deletion operations on 2-4 trees are also equivalent to color-flipping and rotations in red–black trees. This makes 2-4 trees an important tool for understanding the logic behind red–black trees, and this is why many introductory algorithm texts introduce 2-4 trees just before red–black trees, even though **2-4 trees are not often used in practice**. - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) - - [ ] [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + - [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) + - [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) - - [ ] **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** + - **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** - note: the N or K is the branching factor (max branches) - binary trees are a 2-ary tree, with branching factor = 2 - 2-3 trees are 3-ary - - [ ] [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + - [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) - - [ ] **B-Trees** - - fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor) + - **B-Trees** + - Fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor). - In Practice: B-Trees are widely used in databases. Most modern filesystems use B-trees (or Variants). In addition to its use in databases, the B-tree is also used in filesystems to allow quick random access to an arbitrary block in a particular file. The basic problem is turning the file block i address into a disk block - (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address. - - [ ] [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) - - [ ] [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) - - [ ] [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address + - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [B-Tree Datastructure](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) + - [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) - ### k-D Trees - - great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object - - a good fit for k-nearest neighbors - - [ ] [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) - - [ ] [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + - Great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object + - A good fit for k-nearest neighbors + - [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) - ### Skip lists - "These are somewhat of a cult data structure" - Skiena - - [ ] [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + - [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) - ### Network Flows - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - - [ ] [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + - [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) + - [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) - ### Disjoint Sets & Union Find - - [ ] [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) - - [ ] [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) + - [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) + - [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) - ### Math for Fast Processing - - [ ] [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + - [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) - ### Treap - Combination of a binary search tree and a heap - - [ ] [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) - - [ ] [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) - - [ ] [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + - [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) - ### Linear Programming (videos) - - [ ] [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) - - [ ] [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) - - [ ] [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) - - [ ] [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) + - [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) - ### Geometry, Convex hull (videos) - - [ ] [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) - - [ ] [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + - [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) - ### Discrete math - - see videos below + - [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) + - [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) + - [Discrete Mathematics By IIT Ropar NPTEL](https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/106/106106183/) - ### Machine Learning - - [ ] Why ML? - - [ ] [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) - - [ ] [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) - - [ ] [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) - - [ ] [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) - - [ ] [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) - - [ ] [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) - - [ ] [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) - - [ ] [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + - Why ML? + - [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + - [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + - [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + - [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + - [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + - [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) + - [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) - Courses: - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) - [videos only](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) @@ -1885,195 +1820,190 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ -
- --- ## Additional Detail on Some Subjects -
-Additional Detail on Some Subjects - I added these to reinforce some ideas already presented above, but didn't want to include them above because it's just too much. It's easy to overdo it on a subject. You want to get hired in this century, right? -- [ ] **Union-Find** - - [ ] [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) - - [ ] [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) - - [ ] [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) - - [ ] [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) - - [ ] [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) - - [ ] [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) +- **SOLID** + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ Principle](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use + - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. + - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) -- [ ] **More Dynamic Programming** (videos) - - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) - - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) - - [ ] [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) - - [ ] [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) -- [ ] **Advanced Graph Processing** (videos) - - [ ] [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) - - [ ] [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) +- **Union-Find** + - [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) -- [ ] MIT **Probability** (mathy, and go slowly, which is good for mathy things) (videos): - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) +- **More Dynamic Programming** (videos) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + - [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + - [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) -- [ ] [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) +- **Advanced Graph Processing** (videos) + - [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) -- [ ] **String Matching** - - [ ] Rabin-Karp (videos): +- MIT **Probability** (mathy, and go slowly, which is good for mathy things) (videos): + - [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) + +- [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) + +- **String Matching** + - Rabin-Karp (videos): - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) - - [ ] Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): + - Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): - [TThe Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) - - [ ] Boyer–Moore string search algorithm + - Boyer–Moore string search algorithm - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) - - [ ] [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) - starts off great, but by the time it gets past KMP it gets more complicated than it needs to be - nice explanation of tries - can be skipped -- [ ] **Sorting** +- **Sorting** - - [ ] Stanford lectures on sorting: - - [ ] [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): - - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) - - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) - - [ ] Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: - - [ ] [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) - -
+ - Stanford lectures on sorting: + - [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: + - [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) ## Video Series -Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P +Sit back and enjoy. -
-Video Series +- [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) -- [ ] [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) +- [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) -- [ ] [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) +- [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) -- [ ] [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) +- [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) -- [ ] [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) - -- [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) - -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) - -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) - -- [ ] CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) +- CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) +- [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) -- [ ] [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) +- [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) -- [ ] ~~[UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~ +- ~~[UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~ -- [ ] [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) +- [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDSlqjcPpoL64CJdF0Qee5oWqGS6we_Yu) -- [ ] [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) +- [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) -- [ ] [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) +- [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) -- [ ] [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) +- [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) -- [ ] [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) +- [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) -- [ ] [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) +- [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) -- [ ] [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) +- [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) -- [ ] [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) +- [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) -- [ ] [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) +- [MIT 6.824: Distributed Systems, Spring 2020 (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQP8WApzIQQ&list=PLrw6a1wE39_tb2fErI4-WkMbsvGQk9_UB) -- [ ] [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) +- [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) -- [ ] [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) +- [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) -- [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) +- [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) -- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=9D558D49CA734A02) +- [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) +- [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) + +- [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) -- [ ] [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) +- [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) -- [ ] [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) - -
+- [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) ## Computer Science Courses - [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) - [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) +## Algorithms implementation + +- [Multiple Algorithms implementation by Princeton University](https://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/code) + + ## Papers -
-Papers - - [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) -- [ ] [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) +- [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) -- [ ] [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) +- [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) - replaced by Colossus in 2012 -- [ ] [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) +- [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow? -- [ ] [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) - - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) -- [ ] [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) -- [ ] [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) +- [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) +- [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) +- [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution -- [ ] [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) -- [ ] [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) -- [ ] [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) -- [ ] [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) - - paper not available -- [ ] 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: +- [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) +- 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) -- [ ] 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: +- 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) -- [ ] [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) -- [ ] [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) -- [ ] [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) -- [ ] [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) -- [ ] [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) -- [ ] [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) - -
+- [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) +- [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +- [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +- [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) +- [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +- More papers: [1,000 papers](https://github.com/0voice/computer_expert_paper) ## LICENSE diff --git a/extras/cheat sheets/Coding Interview Python Language Essentials.pdf b/extras/cheat sheets/Coding Interview Python Language Essentials.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c8988b8 Binary files /dev/null and b/extras/cheat sheets/Coding Interview Python Language Essentials.pdf differ diff --git a/extras/cheat sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf b/extras/cheat sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf similarity index 100% rename from extras/cheat sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf rename to extras/cheat sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf diff --git a/programming-language-resources.md b/programming-language-resources.md index 2ee8e58..39023e2 100644 --- a/programming-language-resources.md +++ b/programming-language-resources.md @@ -1,71 +1,94 @@ ## Programming Language Resources - C - - [ANSI C Cheat Sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/C%20Reference%20Card%20(ANSI)%202.2.pdf) - - K&R C book (ANSI C) - - [Make, Clang (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3zCxnj2w8M) - - GDB: - - [Harvard CS50 - GDB (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USPvePv1uzE) - - [Harvard CS50 - GDB (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5JmQItfFck) - - [Valgrind (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fvTsFjDuag8) - - [Let us C](https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Let_Us_C.html?id=7HrjAAAACAAJ) - + - [ANSI C Cheat Sheet]() + - K&R C book (ANSI C) + - [Make, Clang (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3zCxnj2w8M) + - GDB: + - [Harvard CS50 - GDB (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USPvePv1uzE) + - [Harvard CS50 - GDB (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5JmQItfFck) + - [Valgrind (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fvTsFjDuag8) + - [Let us C](https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Let_Us_C.html?id=7HrjAAAACAAJ) - C++ - - [C++ Cheat Sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/Cpp_reference.pdf) - - [STL Cheat Sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/STL%20Quick%20Reference%201.29.pdf) - - basics - - pointers - - functions - - references - - templates - - compilation - - scope & linkage - - namespaces - - OOP - - STL - - [functors](http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/functors-function-objects-in-c++.html) - - [C++ at Google (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOCElcMcFik) - - [Google C++ Style Guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html) - - Google uses clang-format (there is a command line "style" argument: -style=google) - - [Efficiency with Algorithms, Performance with Data Structures (video)](https://youtu.be/fHNmRkzxHWs) - - [Review of C++ concepts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rub-JsjMhWY) - - [Let us C++](https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Let_Us_C++.html?id=6HrjAAAACAAJ) - + - [C++ Cheat Sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/Cpp_reference.pdf) + - [STL Cheat Sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/STL%20Quick%20Reference%201.29.pdf) + - [basics](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_basic_syntax.htm) + - [pointers](https://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/lesson6.html) + - [class and object](https://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/lesson12.html) + - [functions](https://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/lesson4.html) + - [references](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/references-in-c/) + - [templates](https://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/templates.html) + - [compilation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTu0kf-7h08) + - [scope & linkage](https://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/scope-duration-and-linkage-summary/) + - [namespaces](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_namespaces.htm) + - [OOP](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/object-oriented-programming-in-cpp/) + - [STL](https://www.hackerearth.com/practice/notes/standard-template-library/) + - [functors](http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/functors-function-objects-in-c++.html) + - [C++ at Google (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOCElcMcFik) + - [Google C++ Style Guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html) + - Google uses clang-format (there is a command line "style" argument: -style=google) + - [Efficiency with Algorithms, Performance with Data Structures (video)](https://youtu.be/fHNmRkzxHWs) + - [Review of C++ concepts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rub-JsjMhWY) + - [Let us C++](https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Let_Us_C++.html?id=6HrjAAAACAAJ) + - [C++ Primer](https://books.google.co.in/books/about/C++_Primer.html?id=J1HMLyxqJfgC&redir_esc=y) - Python - - [Python Cheat Sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/python-cheat-sheet-v1.pdf) - - [Python in One Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N4mEzFDjqtA) - - [Series on 3.4 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6gx4Cwl9DGAcbMi1sH6oAMk4JHw91mC_) - - [Statistics for Hackers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iq9DzN6mvYA) - - [Faster Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDSGVvMwNM8) - - [CPython Walk (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhadeL7_EIU&list=PLzV58Zm8FuBL6OAv1Yu6AwXZrnsFbbR0S&index=6) - - [10 Tips for Pythonic Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_O23jIXsshs) - - [Beyond PEP 8 -- Best practices for beautiful intelligible code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wf-BqAjZb8M) - - [Automate the Boring Stuff with Python](https://automatetheboringstuff.com/) - + - [Python Cheat Sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/python-cheat-sheet-v1.pdf) + - [Python in One Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N4mEzFDjqtA) + - [Series on 3.4 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6gx4Cwl9DGAcbMi1sH6oAMk4JHw91mC_) + - [Statistics for Hackers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iq9DzN6mvYA) + - [Faster Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDSGVvMwNM8) + - [CPython Walk (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhadeL7_EIU&list=PLzV58Zm8FuBL6OAv1Yu6AwXZrnsFbbR0S&index=6) + - [10 Tips for Pythonic Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_O23jIXsshs) + - [Beyond PEP 8 -- Best practices for beautiful intelligible code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wf-BqAjZb8M) + - [Automate the Boring Stuff with Python](https://automatetheboringstuff.com/) + - [Coding Interview Essentials](https://github.com/ajinkyal121/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/Coding%20Interview%20Python%20Language%20Essentials.pdf) + - [Data Structures And Algorithms in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQDxmjfkIKY) - Java - - [Stanford CS106A - Programming Methodology (video)](https://see.stanford.edu/Course/CS106A) - - [Software Construction In Java (video)](https://www.edx.org/course/software-construction-java-mitx-6-005-1x) - - [Introduction To Programming In Java](http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/home/) - - [Algorithms 4th Ed - Algorithm Book In Java](http://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/home/) - - [Effective Java 3rd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Effective-Java-Joshua-Bloch-ebook/dp/B078H61SCH) + - [Stanford CS106A - Programming Methodology (video)](https://see.stanford.edu/Course/CS106A) + - [Software Construction In Java (video)](https://www.edx.org/course/software-construction-java-mitx-6-005-1x) + - [Introduction To Programming In Java](http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/home/) + - [Algorithms 4th Ed - Algorithm Book In Java](http://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/home/) + - [Effective Java 3rd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Effective-Java-Joshua-Bloch-ebook/dp/B078H61SCH) + - [Data Structures Easy to Advanced Course - Full Tutorial from a Google Engineer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBSGKlAvoiM&t=1744s) - Go - - [The Go programming Language](https://golang.org/) - - [The Go programming Language (book)](http://www.gopl.io/) - - [A Tour of Go](https://tour.golang.org/) - - [Effective Go](https://golang.org/doc/effective_go.html) - - [Go Wiki](https://golang.org/wiki) - - [Go at Google: Language Design in the Service of Software Engineering](https://talks.golang.org/2012/splash.article) - - [Go Proverbs](http://go-proverbs.github.io/) - - [Go Proverbs - Rob Pike (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAAkCSZUG1c) + - [The Go programming Language](https://golang.org/) + - [The Go programming Language (book)](http://www.gopl.io/) + - [A Tour of Go](https://tour.golang.org/) + - [Effective Go](https://golang.org/doc/effective_go.html) + - [Go Wiki](https://golang.org/wiki) + - [Go at Google: Language Design in the Service of Software Engineering](https://talks.golang.org/2012/splash.article) + - [Go Proverbs](http://go-proverbs.github.io/) + - [Go Proverbs - Rob Pike (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAAkCSZUG1c) + - [Gophercises - Free course on Coding Exercises in Go](https://gophercises.com) - HTML - - [Quick HTML Tutorial for Beginners](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLr6-GrHUlVf_ZNmuQSXdS197Oyr1L9sPB) - - [HTML Crash Course for Beginners (1 hr)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UB1O30fR-EE) + - [Quick HTML Tutorial for Beginners](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLr6-GrHUlVf_ZNmuQSXdS197Oyr1L9sPB) + - [HTML Crash Course for Beginners (1 hr)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UB1O30fR-EE) + - [Basic HTML and HTML5](https://www.freecodecamp.org/learn/responsive-web-design/basic-html-and-html5/) + - [W3 Schools](https://www.w3schools.com/html/) - CSS - - [Quick CSS Tutorial for Beginners](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLr6-GrHUlVf8JIgLcu3sHigvQjTw_aC9C) - - [CSS Crash Course for absolute Beginners](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfoY53QXEnI) + - [Quick CSS Tutorial for Beginners](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLr6-GrHUlVf8JIgLcu3sHigvQjTw_aC9C) + - [CSS Crash Course for absolute Beginners](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfoY53QXEnI) + - [Basic CSS](https://www.freecodecamp.org/learn/responsive-web-design/basic-css/) + - [W3 Schools](https://www.w3schools.com/css/) - Javascript - - [Learn Javascript in 12 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ukg_U3CnJWI) - - [Javascript Beginner Tutorials](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL41lfR-6DnOrwYi5d824q9-Y6z3JdSgQa) -- Other Language 1 + - [Learn Javascript in 12 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ukg_U3CnJWI) + - [Javascript Beginner Tutorials](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL41lfR-6DnOrwYi5d824q9-Y6z3JdSgQa) + - [Javascript Algorithms and Data Structures](https://www.freecodecamp.org/learn/javascript-algorithms-and-data-structures/basic-javascript/) + - [Javascript Algorithms With Explanations](https://github.com/trekhleb/javascript-algorithms) +- Rust + - [The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/title-page.html) + - [Rust by Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/rust-by-example/) + - [Rust Tutorial by Doug Milford from Lambda Valley](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLqEtX6ql2EyPAZ1M2_C0GgVd4A-_L4_5) + - [Introduction - Easy Rust](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLqEtX6ql2EyPAZ1M2_C0GgVd4A-_L4_5) + - [Rust overview](https://learning-rust.github.io/docs/index.html) + - [A Gentle Introduction to Rust](https://stevedonovan.github.io/rust-gentle-intro/readme.html) + +- Ruby + + - [The Ruby Programming Language](https://book4you.org/book/1219034/7c9a4b) + - [Polished Ruby Programming](https://book4you.org/book/16678106/f61159) + - [Ruby Fu](https://rubyfu.net/) + - [Ruby Koans](http://rubykoans.com/) + - Other Language 2 - etc diff --git a/translations/README-ar.md b/translations/README-ar.md index 357b36e..150dc97 100644 --- a/translations/README-ar.md +++ b/translations/README-ar.md @@ -1,58 +1,129 @@ -# الإعداد لجوجل +# الإعداد لمقابلة البرمجة + +> أنشأتها في المقام الأول كلائحة قصيرة من المواضيع الدراسية لكيف يصبح المرء مهندس برمجيات، ولكن سرعان ما كبرت هذه القائمة إلى ما تراه أمامك اليوم. بعد خوض هذه الخطة الدراسية, +[تم توظيفي كمهندس تطوير برمجيات لدى أمازون](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! على الأغلب لن تحتاج إلى ان تدرس بالقدر الذي درسته أنا. لكن على كل حال كل ما تحتاج إليه موجود +هنا +> +> درست لمدة ٨-١٢ ساعة في اليوم, لعدة أشهر. هذه هي قصتي: [لماذا درست دواما كاملا لمدة ثمانية أشهر من أجل مقابلة لدا قوقل](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) +> +> العناصر المذكورة في هذه اللائحة ستجهزك جيدا لمقابلة تقنية مع تقريبا أي شركة برمجية, حتى الشركات العملاقة: أمازون، فيسبوك، قوقل، وميكروسوفت +> +> بالتوفيق + +
+الترجمات: -الترجمه: - [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) -- الترجمات تحت الاعداد: - - [Español](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/80) - - [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) - - [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) - - [Bahasa Indonesia](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) - - [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) - - [Vietnamese](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/92) - - [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) - - [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) - - [Russian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) - - [Ukrainian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) - - [Brazilian Portuguese](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/113) - - [Korean](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) - - [Polish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/122) +- [Tiếng Việt - الفيتنامبة](translations/README-vi.md) +- [الإسبانية](translations/README-es.md) +- [(البرتغالية (البرازيلية](translations/README-ptbr.md) +- [البولندية](translations/README-pl.md) +- [繁體中文](translations/README-tw.md) +- [اليابانية (日本語)](translations/README-ja.md) +- [الروسية](translations/README-ru.md) -## ماهذا؟ -هي خطة من عدة أشهر من مطور تطبيقات ويب (قائمة على التعليم الذاتي، ومبدون درجة علمية في علوم الحاسب) لمنصب مهندس برمجيات بجوجل +
+ +
+ترجمات تحت الإعداد: + +- [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +- [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) +- [الإندونيسية](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) +- [العربية](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) +- [التركية](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) +- [الفرنسية](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) +- [الأكرانية](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [الكورية(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) +- [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) +- [أردو](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) +- [التايلندية](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +- [اليونانية](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) +- [الإيطالية](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) +- [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) + +
+ +
+
+

+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

+

+ Special thanks to: +

+

+ +

+ Simplify +
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+

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+
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+ +

+
+
+ +## ما هذا؟ +هي خطتي متعددة الأشهر للوصول من مطور ويب (تعليم ذاتي، بدون درجة علمية في علوم الحاسب) لمنصب مهندس برمجيات لشركة عملاقة -![HBO كتابة الكود علي السبورة - من وادي السيليكون](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) +![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) -هذه القائمة الطويلة تم إعدادها من ملاحظات الإعداد لجوجل، لذلك هي الأشياء مطالب بمعرفتها. -هناك أشياء إضافية أضفتها في آخر القائمة التي ربما تأتي في المقابلة الشخصية أو تساعد في حل المشاكل البرمجية. كتيرا من العناصر من: كتاب ستيف ياج "[احصل على وظيفة بجوجل](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)" ومن حين لآخر ملاحظات الإعداد لجوجل. -لقد قلصت ماستحتاجه من ملاحظات ياج. وقمت بتعديل متطلبات ياج. -من معلومات تم الحصول عليها من معارفي بجوجل. هذا يعني أنه من **من مهندسين برمجيات جدد** أو من الذين غيروا مسار العمل من تطوير الويب والبرمجيات إلى مهندس برمجيات(حيث علوم الحساب أمر أساسي). لو لديك كتير من سنوات الخبرة في هندسة البرمجيات توقع المقابلة الشخصية الأصعب. -[اقرأ المزيد](https://googleyasheck.com/what-you-need-to-know-for-your-google-interview-and-what-you-dont/). +تم إعدادها لمهنسي البرمجيات الجدد أو أولئك المنتقلين من تطوير الويب إلى هندسة البرمجيات (حيث المعرفة بعلوم الحاسب ضرورية) إذا كان لديك العديد من سنوات الخبرة في بناء تطبيقات الويب أو البرمجيات، خذ في عين الإعتبار ان المقابلة ستكون اصعب -إذا كان لديك العديد من سنوات الخبرة في بناء تطبيقات الويب أو البرمجيات، لاحظ أن رؤية جوجل لهندسة البرمجيات تختلف عن منظور تطوير التطبيقات أو البرمجيات وتطلب معرفة بعلوم الحاسب. +إذا كانت لديك العديد من سنوات الخبرة في تطوير الويب, خذ في عين الإعتبار أن الشركات االبرمجية الضخمة مثل قوقل, فيسبوك, و ميكروسوفت ينظرون إلى هندسة البرمجيات بشكل مختلف عن تطوير البرمجيات/ويب, و تحتاج إلى معرفة علوم الحاسب -أذا كنت تريد أن تصبح مهندس أنظمة أو مهندس ++، اقرأ المزيد من القائمة الاختيارية عن(شبكات الحاسب، والحماية). +إذا اردت ان تصبح مهندس موثوقية أو مهندس عمليات, ادرس اكثر من القائمة الإختيارية (شبكات, امن) --- ## الفهرس -- [ماهذا؟](#what-is-it) -- [لماذا استخدمه؟](#why-use-it) -- [كيفية استخدامها](#how-to-use-it) -- [الدخول في مزاج جوجلي](#get-in-a-googley-mood) -- [هل حصلت علي الوظيفه؟](#did-i-get-the-job) -- [تابعني باستمرار](#follow-along-with-me) -- [هل تشعر أنك لست بالذكاء الكافي](#dont-feel-you-arent-smart-enough) -- [عن جوجل](#about-google) -- [عن مصادر الفديو](#about-video-resources) -- [مراحل المقابلة الشخصية & الإستعداد العام للمقابلة](#interview-process--general-interview-prep) -- [اختر لغة برمجية واحدة للمقابلة البرمجية](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview) -- [Book List](#book-list) -- [Before you Get Started](#before-you-get-started) -- [What you Won't See Covered](#what-you-wont-see-covered) -- [Prerequisite Knowledge](#prerequisite-knowledge) -- [The Daily Plan](#the-daily-plan) +- [ما هذا؟](#ما-هذا؟) +- [لماذا استخدمه؟](#لماذا-استخدمه؟) +- [كيفية استخدامها](#كيفية-استخدامها) +- [عن مصادر مقاطع الفديو](#عن-مصادر-مقاطع-الفديو) +- [مراحل المقابلة الشخصية & الإستعداد العام للمقابلة](#مراحل-المقابلة-الشخصية-و-الإستعداد-العام-للمقابلة) +- [اختر لغة برمجية واحدة للمقابلة البرمجية](#اختر-لغة-برمجية-واحدة-للمقابلة-البرمجية) +- [لائحة الكتب](#لائحة-الكتب) +- [قبل البدء](#قبل-البدء) +- [ما لن تجده هنا](#ما-لن-تجده-هنا) +- [الخطة اليومية](#الخطة-اليومية) +- [معرفة مسبقة](#المعرفة-المسبقة) - [Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis](#algorithmic-complexity--big-o--asymptotic-analysis) - [Data Structures](#data-structures) - [Arrays](#arrays) @@ -90,11 +161,14 @@ - [NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) - [Caches](#caches) - [Processes and Threads](#processes-and-threads) - - [Papers](#papers) - [Testing](#testing) - [Scheduling](#scheduling) - - [Implement system routines](#implement-system-routines) - [String searching & manipulations](#string-searching--manipulations) + - [Tries](#tries) + - [Floating Point Numbers](#floating-point-numbers) + - [Unicode](#unicode) + - [Endianness](#endianness) + - [Networking](#networking) - [System Design, Scalability, Data Handling](#system-design-scalability-data-handling) (if you have 4+ years experience) - [Final Review](#final-review) - [Coding Question Practice](#coding-question-practice) @@ -107,32 +181,29 @@ ---------------- Everything below this point is optional ---------------- +## Additional Resources + - [Additional Books](#additional-books) - [Additional Learning](#additional-learning) - [Compilers](#compilers) - - [Floating Point Numbers](#floating-point-numbers) - - [Unicode](#unicode) - - [Endianness](#endianness) - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) - [Unix command line tools](#unix-command-line-tools) - - [Information theory](#information-theory) - - [Parity & Hamming Code](#parity--hamming-code) + - [Information theory](#information-theory-videos) + - [Parity & Hamming Code](#parity--hamming-code-videos) - [Entropy](#entropy) - [Cryptography](#cryptography) - [Compression](#compression) - - [Networking](#networking) (if you have networking experience or want to be a systems engineer, expect questions) - [Computer Security](#computer-security) - [Garbage collection](#garbage-collection) - [Parallel Programming](#parallel-programming) - [Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems) + - [A*](#a) - [Fast Fourier Transform](#fast-fourier-transform) - [Bloom Filter](#bloom-filter) - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) - [van Emde Boas Trees](#van-emde-boas-trees) - [Augmented Data Structures](#augmented-data-structures) - - [Tries](#tries) - - [N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees](#n-ary-k-ary-m-ary-trees) - [Balanced search trees](#balanced-search-trees) - AVL trees - Splay trees @@ -147,16 +218,17 @@ - [Disjoint Sets & Union Find](#disjoint-sets--union-find) - [Math for Fast Processing](#math-for-fast-processing) - [Treap](#treap) - - [Linear Programming](#linear-programming) - - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull) + - [Linear Programming](#linear-programming-videos) + - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull-videos) - [Discrete math](#discrete-math) - [Machine Learning](#machine-learning) - - [Go](#go) - [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) - [Video Series](#video-series) - [Computer Science Courses](#computer-science-courses) +- [Papers](#papers) --- + ## لماذا استخدمه؟ أقوم بمتابعة هذه الخطة لتحضير إلى المقابلة الشخصية بجوجل. لقد قمت بناء مواقع ويب، وتقديم خدمات ذات صلة، وبناء شركات ناشئة منذ 1997. لدي درجة علمية في الاقتصاد، وليس في علوم الحاسب. أنا شخص ناجح في مجال عملي، ولكنني أريد أن أعمل بجوجل. أريد أن أعمل على أنظمة كبيرة والحصول على فهم كبير في أنظمة الحاسوب، كفاءة الخوارزميات، كقاءة الهياكل البيانية، اللغات الأقرب إلى الآلة وكيفية عملها. وإذ لم تعرف أين منها لن تعينك جوجل. @@ -177,6 +249,10 @@ احصل على نسخة خاصة "fork" بك واتبع هذه الأوامر + Clone to your local repo + +`git clone git@github.com:/coding-interview-university.git` + `git checkout -b progress` `git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` @@ -185,46 +261,19 @@ دون بعلامة X بعد الإنتهاء من دراسة العنصر -`git add . ` -`git commit -m "Marked x" ` +`git add .` -`git rebase jwasham/master ` +`git commit -m "Marked x"` -`git push --force ` +`git rebase jwasham/main` + +`git push --set-upstream origin progress` + +`git push --force` [More about Github-flavored markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) -## الدخول في مزاج جوجلي - -Print out a "[future Googler](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf)" sign (or two) and keep your eyes on the prize. - -[![future Googler sign](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/Screen_Shot_2016_10_04_at_10_13_24_AM-1475601104364.png)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf) - - -## هل حصلت على الوظيفة بجوجل؟ - -أنا في قائمة الانتظار الآن. على أمل أن أذهب للمقابلة الشخصية قريبا. - - - الشكر لل JP - - -## تابعني باستمرار - -قصتي: [Why I Studied Full-Time for 8 Months for a Google Interview](https://medium.com/@googleyasheck/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) - -I'm on the journey, too. Follow along: - - -- **المدونة**: [GoogleyAsHeck.com](https://googleyasheck.com) -- تويتر: [@googleyasheck](https://twitter.com/googleyasheck) -- تويتر: [@StartupNextDoor](https://twitter.com/StartupNextDoor) -- جوجل بلس+: [+Googleyasheck](https://plus.google.com/+Googleyasheck) -- لينكدإن: [johnawasham](https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnawasham) - - -![John Washam - Coding Interview University](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/book_stack_photo_resized_18_1469302751157-1472661280368.png) ## هل تشعر أنك لست بالذكاء الكافي - مهندسوا جوجل أذكياء، وربما لديهم عدم الأمان لأنهم ليسوا بالذكاء الكافي، حتى وهي في جوجل @@ -232,24 +281,8 @@ I'm on the journey, too. Follow along: - [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) - [It's Dangerous to Go Alone: Battling the Invisible Monsters in Tech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) -## عن جوجل -- [ ] لطلبه - [Google Careers: Technical Development Guide](https://www.google.com/about/careers/students/guide-to-technical-development.html) -- [ ] كيف يعمل محرك البحث: - - [ ] [The Evolution of Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTBShTwCnD4) - - [ ] [How Search Works - the story](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/) - - [ ] [How Search Works](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/) - - [ ] [How Search Works - Matt Cutts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNHR6IQJGZs) - - [ ] [How Google makes improvements to its search algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5RZOU6vK4Q) -- [ ] Series: - - [ ] [How Google Search Dealt With Mobile](https://backchannel.com/how-google-search-dealt-with-mobile-33bc09852dc9) - - [ ] [Google's Secret Study To Find Out Our Needs](https://backchannel.com/googles-secret-study-to-find-out-our-needs-eba8700263bf) - - [ ] [Google Search Will Be Your Next Brain](https://backchannel.com/google-search-will-be-your-next-brain-5207c26e4523) - - [ ] [The Deep Mind Of Demis Hassabis](https://backchannel.com/the-deep-mind-of-demis-hassabis-156112890d8a) -- [ ] [Book: How Google Works](https://www.amazon.com/How-Google-Works-Eric-Schmidt/dp/1455582344) -- [ ] [Made by Google announcement - Oct 2016 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4y0KOeXViI) - -## عن مصادر الفديو +## عن مصادر مقاطع الفديو بعض الفديوهات متاحة فقط عن طريق الاشتراك في كورسيرا "Coursera"، إيدكس "Edx" أو ليندا "Lynda.com". يطلق عليهم موكس"MOOCS". بعض الأحيان الدروس ليست متاحة في كل الأوقات لذلك عليك الانتظار عدة أشهر حتى تكون متاحة للالتحاق بها. دروس ليندا "Lynda" ليست مجانية. @@ -259,40 +292,32 @@ I'm on the journey, too. Follow along: أفضل استخدام مصادر الجامعات. +## مراحل المقابلة الشخصية و الإستعداد العام للمقابلة -## مراحل المقابلة الشخصية & الإستعداد العام للمقابلة - -- [ ] Videos: - - [ ] [How to Work at Google: Prepare for an Engineering Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ko-KkSmp-Lk) - - [ ] [How to Work at Google: Example Coding/Engineering Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKu_SEDAykw) - - [ ] [How to Work at Google - Candidate Coaching Session (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWbUtlUhwa8&feature=youtu.be) - - [ ] [Google Recruiters Share Technical Interview Tips (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qc1owf2-220&feature=youtu.be) - - [ ] [How to Work at Google: Tech Resume Preparation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8npJLXkcmu8) - -- [ ] Articles: - - [ ] [Becoming a Googler in Three Steps](http://www.google.com/about/careers/lifeatgoogle/hiringprocess/) - - [ ] [Get That Job at Google](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html) - - درب نفسك كيفية الإستعداد للمقابلة الشخصية من ممثلين بشركة جوجل. - - [ ] _(very dated)_ [How To Get A Job At Google, Interview Questions, Hiring Process](http://dondodge.typepad.com/the_next_big_thing/2010/09/how-to-get-a-job-at-google-interview-questions-hiring-process.html) - - [ ] [Phone Screen Questions](http://sites.google.com/site/steveyegge2/five-essential-phone-screen-questions) - -- [ ] Prep Courses: +- [ ] [How to Pass the Engineering Interview in 2021](https://davidbyttow.medium.com/how-to-pass-the-engineering-interview-in-2021-45f1b389a1) +- [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) +- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4: + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4.1 (Follow-up video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6790FVXWBw8&feature=youtu.be) +- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] Cracking the Facebook Coding Interview: + - [ ] [The Approach](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) + - [ ] [Problem Walkthrough](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) +- [ ] Prep Course: - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): - - Learn how to make yourself ready for software engineer interviews from a former Google interviewer. - -- [ ] Additional (not suggested by Google but I added): - - [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) - - [ ] [Four Steps To Google Without A Degree](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/four-steps-to-google-without-a-degree-8f381aa6bd5e#.asalo1vfx) - - [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) - - [ ] [How Google Thinks About Hiring, Management And Culture](http://www.kpcb.com/blog/lessons-learned-how-google-thinks-about-hiring-management-and-culture) - - [ ] [Effective Whiteboarding during Programming Interviews](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) - - [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: - - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) - - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) - - [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4: - - [ ] ['How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft' (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) - - [ ] [Failing at Google Interviews](http://alexbowe.com/failing-at-google-interviews/) - + - تعرف على كيفية الاستعداد لمقابلات مهندس البرمجيات من محاور سابق في جوجل + - [ ] [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - دورة الإعدادية للمقابلات التي تتمحور حول لغة بايثون والتي تغطي هياكل البيانات والخوارزميات والمقابلات التدريبية وغير ذلك الكثير + - [ ] [Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms using Python (Udacity free course)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): + - دورة مجانية في هياكل البيانات والخوارزميات المتمركزة في بايثون + - [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms Nanodegree! (Udacity paid Nanodegree)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): + - احصل على تدريب عملي مع أكثر من 100 بنية بيانات وتمارين خوارزمية وإرشادات من مرشد متخصص للمساعدة في إعدادك + للمقابلات والسيناريوهات أثناء العمل + - [ ] [Grokking the Behavioral Interview (Educative free course)](https://www.educative.io/courses/grokking-the-behavioral-interview): + - في كثير من الأحيان ، ليست كفاءتك الفنية هي التي تمنعك من الحصول على وظيفة أحلامك ، بل هي الطريقة التي تؤدي بها في المقابلة السلوكية ## اختر لغة برمجية واحدة للمقابلة البرمجية @@ -309,63 +334,43 @@ I'm on the journey, too. Follow along: - الجافا سكربت "JavaScript" -الروبي "Ruby" +هذا مقال كتبته عن اختيار لغة المقابلة: [Pick One Language for the Coding Interview](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/). + ستحتاج أن تشعر بارتياح للغة والإلمام بها اقرأ المزيد عم الاختيارات: - http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ - http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ -- https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-best-language-to-program-in-for-an-in-person-Google-interview [شاهد مصادر اللغات من هنا](programming-language-resources.md) You'll see some C, C++, and Python learning included below, because I'm learning. There are a few books involved, see the bottom. -## قائمة الكتب +## لائحة الكتب هذه قائمة من العناصر التي استحدمتها. تم اختصارها للمحافظة على الكتب. ### التحضير للمقابلة الشخصية -- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) - answers in C++ and Java - - recommended in Google candidate coaching - this is a good warm-up for Cracking the Coding Interview - not too difficult, most problems may be easier than what you'll see in an interview (from what I've read) - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - answers in Java - - recommended on the [Google Careers site](https://www.google.com/about/careers/how-we-hire/interview/) - - If you see people reference "The Google Resume", it was a book replaced by "Cracking the Coding Interview". -If you have tons of extra time: -- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) - - all code is in C++, very good if you're looking to use C++ in your interview - - a good book on problem solving in general. +### اذا كان لديك الكثير من الوقت -### بنية الحاسوب - -If short on time: - -- [ ] [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) - - The book was published in 2004, and is somewhat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief. - - The author invented HLA, so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like. - - These chapters are worth the read to give you a nice foundation: - - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation - - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations - - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation - - Chapter 5 - Character Representation - - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access - - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects - - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture - - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture - - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization - -If you have more time (I want this book): - -- [ ] [Computer Architecture, Fifth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/012383872X/) - - For a richer, more up-to-date (2011), but longer treatment +اختر واحدة: +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [ ] Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version) + - [book](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) ### تحديد اللغة @@ -382,15 +387,18 @@ I haven't read these two, but they are highly rated and written by Sedgewick. He - [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) - [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) +- [ ] [Open Data Structures in C++](https://opendatastructures.org/ods-cpp.pdf) + - Rich and detailed collection of Data Structures and Algorithms + - Great for first-timers If you have a better recommendation for C++, please let me know. Looking for a comprehensive resource. ### Java - [ ] [Algorithms (Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) - - videos with book content (and Sedgewick!): - - [Algorithms I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=2) - - [Algorithms II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=3&view=50&sort=dd) + - videos with book content (and Sedgewick!) on coursera: + - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) OR: @@ -403,58 +411,12 @@ OR: - [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - I loved this book. It covered everything and more. + - I loved this book. It covered everything and more - Pythonic code - - my glowing book report: https://googleyasheck.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ + - my glowing book report: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ +- [ ] [Open Data Structures in Python](https://opendatastructures.org/ods-python.pdf) -### Optional Books - -**Some people recommend these, but I think it's going overboard, unless you have many years of software engineering experience and expect a much harder interview:** - -- [ ] [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) - - As a review and problem recognition - - The algorithm catalog portion is well beyond the scope of difficulty you'll get in an interview. - - This book has 2 parts: - - class textbook on data structures and algorithms - - pros: - - is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be - - nice stories from his experiences solving problems in industry and academia - - code examples in C - - cons: - - can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects - - chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have - - don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material. - - algorithm catalog: - - this is the real reason you buy this book. - - about to get to this part. Will update here once I've made my way through it. - - To quote Yegge: "More than any other book it helped me understand just how astonishingly commonplace - (and important) graph problems are – they should be part of every working programmer's toolkit. The book also - covers basic data structures and sorting algorithms, which is a nice bonus. But the gold mine is the second half - of the book, which is a sort of encyclopedia of 1-pagers on zillions of useful problems and various ways to solve - them, without too much detail. Almost every 1-pager has a simple picture, making it easy to remember. This is a - great way to learn how to identify hundreds of problem types." - - Can rent it on kindle - - Half.com is a great resource for textbooks at good prices. - - Answers: - - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) - - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) - - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) - -- [ ] [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) - - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently. - - To quote Yegge: "But if you want to come into your interviews *prepped*, then consider deferring your application until you've made your way through that book." - - Half.com is a great resource for textbooks at good prices. - - aka CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game - -- [ ] [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) - - The first couple of chapters present clever solutions to programming problems (some very old using data tape) but - that is just an intro. This a guidebook on program design and architecture, much like Code Complete, but much shorter. - -- ~~"Algorithms and Programming: Problems and Solutions" by Shen~~ - - A fine book, but after working through problems on several pages I got frustrated with the Pascal, do while loops, 1-indexed arrays, and unclear post-condition satisfaction results. - - Would rather spend time on coding problems from another book or online coding problems. - ## قبل البدء @@ -480,10 +442,10 @@ OR: اصنع واحدا منها لك مجانا: - [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): -- [My flash cards database (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): +- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [My flash cards database (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): -Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required by Google. +Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required. **Note on flashcards:** The first time you recognize you know the answer, don't mark it as known. You have to see the same card and answer it several times correctly before you really know it. Repetition will put that knowledge deeper in @@ -492,110 +454,117 @@ your brain. An alternative to using my flashcard site is [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), which has been recommended to me numerous times. It uses a repetition system to help you remember. It's user-friendly, available on all platforms and has a cloud sync system. It costs $25 on iOS but is free on other platforms. -My flashcard database in Anki format: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) +My flashcard database in Anki format: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)). -### 3. Review, review, review +### 3. ابدأ في إجراء أسئلة المقابلة بينما تتعلم هياكل البيانات والخوارزميات + +You need to apply what you're learning to solving problems, or you'll forget. I made this mistake. Once you've learned a topic, +and feel comfortable with it, like linked lists, open one of the coding interview books and do a couple of questions regarding +linked lists. Then move on to the next learning topic. Then later, go back and do another linked list problem, +or recursion problem, or whatever. But keep doing problems while you're learning. You're not being hired for knowledge, +but how you apply the knowledge. There are several books and sites I recommend. +See here for more: [Coding Question Practice](#coding-question-practice). + +### 4. المراجعة ,المراجعة, المراجعة I keep a set of cheat sheets on ASCII, OSI stack, Big-O notations, and more. I study them when I have some spare time. Take a break from programming problems for a half hour and go through your flashcards. -### 4. Focus +### 5. ركز -There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concentration are hard. +There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concentration are hard. Turn on some music +without lyrics and you'll be able to focus pretty well. -## What you won't see covered +## ما لن تجده هنا -This big list all started as a personal to-do list made from Google interview coaching notes. These are prevalent -technologies but were not mentioned in those notes: +These are prevalent technologies but not part of this study plan: - SQL - Javascript - HTML, CSS, and other front-end technologies -## The Daily Plan +## الخطة اليومية Some subjects take one day, and some will take multiple days. Some are just learning with nothing to implement. Each day I take one subject from the list below, watch videos about that subject, and write an implementation in: -- C - using structs and functions that take a struct * and something else as args. +- C - using structs and functions that take a struct * and something else as args - C++ - without using built-in types - C++ - using built-in types, like STL's std::list for a linked list - Python - using built-in types (to keep practicing Python) - and write tests to ensure I'm doing it right, sometimes just using simple assert() statements -- You may do Java or something else, this is just my thing. +- You may do Java or something else, this is just my thing You don't need all these. You need only [one language for the interview](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview). Why code in all of these? - Practice, practice, practice, until I'm sick of it, and can do it with no problem (some have many edge cases and bookkeeping details to remember) -- Work within the raw constraints (allocating/freeing memory without help of garbage collection (except Python)) -- Make use of built-in types so I have experience using the built-in tools for real-world use (not going to write my own linked list implementation in production) +- Work within the raw constraints (allocating/freeing memory without help of garbage collection (except Python or Java)) +- Make use of built-in types, so I have experience using the built-in tools for real-world use (not going to write my own linked list implementation in production) I may not have time to do all of these for every subject, but I'll try. You can see my code here: - - [C] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) - - [C++] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) - - [Python] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) You don't need to memorize the guts of every algorithm. Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample inputs. Then test it out on a computer. -## Prerequisite Knowledge +## المعرفة المسبقة - [ ] **Learn C** - - C is everywhere. You'll see examples in books, lectures, videos, *everywhere* while you're studying. - - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - C is everywhere. You'll see examples in books, lectures, videos, *everywhere* while you're studying + - [ ] [The C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) - This is a short book, but it will give you a great handle on the C language and if you practice it a little - you'll quickly get proficient. Understanding C helps you understand how programs and memory work. - - [answers to questions](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) + you'll quickly get proficient. Understanding C helps you understand how programs and memory work + - [Answers to questions](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) - [ ] **How computers process a program:** - - [ ] [How does CPU execute program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) - - [ ] [Machine Code Instructions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2XQgpbTNE) + - [ ] [How CPU executes a program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + - [ ] [How computers calculate - ALU (video)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + - [ ] [Registers and RAM (video)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [ ] [The Central Processing Unit (CPU) (video)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [ ] [Instructions and Programs (video)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) ## Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis -- nothing to implement + +- Nothing to implement +- There are a lot of videos here. Just watch enough until you understand it. You can always come back and review +- If some lectures are too mathy, you can jump down to the bottom and watch the discrete mathematics videos to get the background knowledge - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) - [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) - [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) - [ ] Skiena: - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [slides](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) + - [slides](https://archive.org/details/lecture2_202008) - [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) -- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/59) -- [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/61) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://youtu.be/VIS4YDpuP98) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://youtu.be/ca3e7UVmeUc) +- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/orders-of-growth-6PKkX) +- [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/asymptotics-bXAtM) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_ca3e7UVmeUc) - [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/63) +- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/illustrating-big-o-YVqzv) - [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): - - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) - - If some of the lectures are too mathy, you can jump down to the bottom and - watch the discrete mathematics videos to get the background knowledge. - ## Data Structures - ### Arrays - Implement an automatically resizing vector. - [ ] Description: - - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) - - [UCBerkley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://youtu.be/Wp8oiO_CZZE?t=15m32s) - - [Basic Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_04-basicArrays.mp4) - - [Multi-dim (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_05-multidimensionalArrays.mp4) - - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) + - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/arrays-OsBSF) + - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (Start watching from 15m 32s) + - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/dynamic-arrays-EwbnV) - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) - - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_06-jaggedArrays.mp4) - - [Resizing arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/03_01-resizableArrays.mp4) - [ ] Implement a vector (mutable array with automatic resizing): - [ ] Practice coding using arrays and pointers, and pointer math to jump to an index instead of using indexing. - - [ ] new raw data array with allocated memory + - [ ] New raw data array with allocated memory - can allocate int array under the hood, just not use its features - start with 16, or if starting number is greater, use power of 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 - [ ] size() - number of items @@ -621,19 +590,20 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - ### Linked Lists - [ ] Description: - - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation. + - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: - - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) - - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9) + - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd) - [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) - [ ] Gotcha: you need pointer to pointer knowledge: (for when you pass a pointer to a function that may change the address where that pointer points) This page is just to get a grasp on ptr to ptr. I don't recommend this list traversal style. Readability and maintainability suffer due to cleverness. - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) - - [ ] implement (I did with tail pointer & without): + - [ ] Implement (I did with tail pointer & without): - [ ] size() - returns number of data elements in list - [ ] empty() - bool returns true if empty - [ ] value_at(index) - returns the value of the nth item (starting at 0 for first) @@ -649,19 +619,16 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] reverse() - reverses the list - [ ] remove_value(value) - removes the first item in the list with this value - [ ] Doubly-linked List - - [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) + - [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/doubly-linked-lists-jpGKD) - No need to implement - ### Stack - - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) - - [ ] [Using Stacks Last-In First-Out (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_01-usingStacksForLast-inFirst-out.mp4) - - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. + - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ) + - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial - ### Queue - - [ ] [Using Queues First-In First-Out(video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_03-usingQueuesForFirst-inFirst-out.mp4) - - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) + - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) - - [ ] [Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_04-priorityQueuesAndDeques.mp4) - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) @@ -688,18 +655,14 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) - [ ] Online Courses: - - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_02-understandingHashFunctions.mp4) - - [ ] [Using Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_03-usingHashTables.mp4) - - [ ] [Supporting Hashing (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_04-supportingHashing.mp4) - - [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_05-languageSupportForHashTables.mp4) - - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) - - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) - - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) + - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4) + - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/phone-book-problem-NYZZP) - [ ] distributed hash tables: - - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) - - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox-DvaIb) + - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/distributed-hash-tables-tvH8H) - - [ ] implement with array using linear probing + - [ ] Implement with array using linear probing - hash(k, m) - m is size of hash table - add(key, value) - if key already exists, update value - exists(key) @@ -711,13 +674,13 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - ### Binary search - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) - [ ] Implement: - binary search (on sorted array of integers) - binary search using recursion - ### Bitwise operations - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - [ ] Good intro: @@ -726,51 +689,46 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) - - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) - - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] [Bit Hacks (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZusiKXcz_ac) + - [ ] [Practice Operations](https://pconrad.github.io/old_pconrad_cs16/topics/bitOps/) - [ ] 2s and 1s complement - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) - - [ ] count set bits + - [ ] Count set bits - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) - - [ ] round to next power of 2: - - [Round Up To Next Power Of Two](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/roundUpToNextPowerOfTwo.html) - - [ ] swap values: - - [Swap](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) - - [ ] absolute value: - - [Absolute Integer](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) + - [ ] Swap values: + - [Swap](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + - [ ] Absolute value: + - [Absolute Integer](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) ## Trees - ### Trees - Notes & Background - - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) - - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) + - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/trees-95qda) - basic tree construction - traversal - manipulation algorithms - - BFS (breadth-first search) - - [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) - - level order (BFS, using queue) - time complexity: O(n) - space complexity: best: O(1), worst: O(n/2)=O(n) - - DFS (depth-first search) - - [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) - - notes: - time complexity: O(n) - space complexity: + - [ ] [BFS(breadth-first search) and DFS(depth-first search) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) + - BFS notes: + - level order (BFS, using queue) + - time complexity: O(n) + - space complexity: best: O(1), worst: O(n/2)=O(n) + - DFS notes: + - time complexity: O(n) + - space complexity: best: O(log n) - avg. height of tree worst: O(n) - - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) - - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) - - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) + - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) + - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) - ### Binary search trees: BSTs - - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [Series (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) - - starts with symbol table and goes through BST applications + - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) - C/C++: @@ -811,7 +769,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) - [ ] [Building a heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) - [ ] Implement a max-heap: - [ ] insert @@ -823,15 +781,14 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] sift_down - needed for extract_max - [ ] remove(i) - removes item at index x - [ ] heapify - create a heap from an array of elements, needed for heap_sort - - [ ] heap_sort() - take an unsorted array and turn it into a sorted array in-place using a max heap - - note: using a min heap instead would save operations, but double the space needed (cannot do in-place). + - [ ] heap_sort() - take an unsorted array and turn it into a sorted array in-place using a max heap or min heap ## Sorting - [ ] Notes: - Implement sorts & know best case/worst case, average complexity of each: - no bubble sort - it's terrible - O(n^2), except when n <= 16 - - [ ] stability in sorting algorithms ("Is Quicksort stable?") + - [ ] Stability in sorting algorithms ("Is Quicksort stable?") - [Sorting Algorithm Stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) @@ -840,26 +797,26 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - I wouldn't recommend sorting a linked list, but merge sort is doable. - [Merge Sort For Linked List](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) -- For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. Heap sort is great, but not stable. +- For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. Heap sort is great, but not stable -- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9&index=1) - - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGOIGUYjeyk&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9&index=2) - - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvU_mIWo0Ac&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MvC1kmBza0&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XD_5iINB5GI&index=5&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort) + - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) + - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/xAltF/sorting-complexity) + - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/9FYhS/comparators) + - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) -- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M5A7qPWk84&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgVYfSyct_M&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBFzOYJ5ybM&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rejpZ2htBjE&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/vjvnC/quicksort) + - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/UQxFT/selection) + - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/XvjPd/duplicate-keys) + - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/QBNZ7/system-sorts) - [ ] UC Berkeley: - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EiUvYS2DT6I&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=29) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hTY3t80Qsk&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=30) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6LOLpxg6Dc&index=32&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNMQ4ly43p4&index=33&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) - [ ] [Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - [ ] [Analyzing Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) @@ -882,36 +839,42 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case - Selection sort and insertion sort are both O(n^2) average and worst case - - For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. + - For heapsort, see Heap data structure above - [ ] Not required, but I recommended them: - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRzU-FWsjNU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=6) - - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtgKYmXs62w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=5) - - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pGVq_BwPKs&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=4) - - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3cYNY90R6c&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVl58kfE6i8&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=1) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) + - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting) + - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/crkd5/3-way-radix-quicksort) + - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) - [ ] [Radix Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) +As a summary, here is a visual representation of [15 sorting algorithms](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg). If you need more detail on this subject, see "Sorting" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) ## Graphs Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this section is long, like trees and sorting were. -- Notes from Yegge: - - There are three basic ways to represent a graph in memory: +- Notes: + - There are 4 basic ways to represent a graph in memory: - objects and pointers - - matrix + - adjacency matrix - adjacency list + - adjacency map - Familiarize yourself with each representation and its pros & cons - - BFS and DFS - know their computational complexity, their tradeoffs, and how to implement them in real code - - When asked a question, look for a graph-based solution first, then move on if none. + - BFS and DFS - know their computational complexity, their trade offs, and how to implement them in real code + - When asked a question, look for a graph-based solution first, then move on if none + +- [ ] MIT(videos): + - [ ] [Breadth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - [ ] [Depth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) - [ ] Skiena Lectures - great intro: - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) @@ -931,21 +894,14 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) + - [ ] ~~[CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489)~~ + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) - Full Coursera Course: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) -- Yegge: If you get a chance, try to study up on fancier algorithms: - - [ ] Dijkstra's algorithm - see above - 6.006 - - [ ] A* - - [ ] [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) - - [ ] [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) - - [ ] [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) - - I'll implement: - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (recursive) - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (iterative with stack) @@ -962,8 +918,6 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] list strongly connected components - [ ] check for bipartite graph -You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and the interview books - ## Even More Knowledge - ### Recursion @@ -972,13 +926,13 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) - - when it is appropriate to use it - - how is tail recursion better than not? + - When it is appropriate to use it? + - How is tail recursion better than not? - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) - ### Dynamic Programming - - **NOTE:** DP is a valuable technique, but it is not mentioned on any of the prep material Google provides. But you could get a problem where DP provides an optimal solution. So I'm including it. + - You probably won't see any dynamic programming problems in your interview, but it's worth being able to recognize a problem as being a candidate for dynamic programming. - This subject can be pretty difficult, as each DP soluble problem must be defined as a recursion relation, and coming up with it can be tricky. - I suggest looking at many examples of DP problems until you have a solid understanding of the pattern involved. - [ ] Videos: @@ -1005,24 +959,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - ### Object-Oriented Programming - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) - - [ ] Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos): - - Can skip this if you have a great grasp of OO and OO design practices. - - [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] SOLID OOP Principles: - - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) - - [ ] [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) - - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) - - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) - - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension for not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) - - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) - - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use - - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) - - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. - - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) + - [ ] SOLID OOP Principles: [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) - ### Design patterns - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) @@ -1051,6 +988,8 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) - I know the canonical book is "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", but Head First is great for beginners to OO. - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) + - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) + - ### Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) @@ -1095,27 +1034,29 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - ### Processes and Threads - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operating Systems (25 videos): - for processes and threads see videos 1-11 - - [Operating Systems and System Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + - [Operating Systems and System Programming (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) - Covers: - Processes, Threads, Concurrency issues - - difference between processes and threads - - processes - - threads - - locks - - mutexes - - semaphores - - monitors - - how they work - - deadlock - - livelock + - Difference between processes and threads + - Processes + - Threads + - Locks + - Mutexes + - Semaphores + - Monitors + - How they work? + - Deadlock + - Livelock - CPU activity, interrupts, context switching - Modern concurrency constructs with multicore processors + - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) + - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) - Process resource needs (memory: code, static storage, stack, heap, and also file descriptors, i/o) - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own pc, stack counter, registers, and stack) - Forking is really copy on write (read-only) until the new process writes to memory, then it does a full copy. - Context switching - - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware + - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware? - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) - [ ] concurrency in Python (videos): - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) @@ -1126,37 +1067,6 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) -- ### Papers - - These are Google papers and well-known papers. - - Reading all from end to end with full comprehension will likely take more time than you have. I recommend being selective on papers and their sections. - - [ ] [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) - - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) - - [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) - - [ ] [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) - - replaced by Colossus in 2012 - - [ ] [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) - - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow? - - [ ] [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) - - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) - - [ ] [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) - - [ ] [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) - - [ ] [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) - - [ ] [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) - - [ ] [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) - - paper not available - - [ ] 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: - - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) - - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) - - [ ] 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: - - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) - - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) - - [ ] [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) - - [ ] [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) - - [ ] [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) - - ### Testing - To cover: - how unit testing works @@ -1167,48 +1077,90 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant) (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) - [slides](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) - - [ ] [TDD is dead. Long live testing.](http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html) - - [ ] [Is TDD dead? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9quxZsLcfo) - - [ ] [Video series (152 videos) - not all are needed (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzJapzxH_rE&list=PLAwxTw4SYaPkWVHeC_8aSIbSxE_NXI76g) - - [ ] [Test-Driven Web Development with Python](http://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/pages/book.html#toc) - [ ] Dependency injection: - [ ] [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) - [ ] [How to write tests](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) - ### Scheduling - - in an OS, how it works - - can be gleaned from Operating System videos - -- ### Implement system routines - - understand what lies beneath the programming APIs you use - - can you implement them? + - In an OS, how it works? + - Can be gleaned from Operating System videos - ### String searching & manipulations - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg) - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) - - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) - - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcDXwIGEXYU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=4) - - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-7n-FDEWzc&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) - - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7Ch6pZXfM&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=2) - - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/introduction-to-substring-search) + - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) + - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) + - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) + - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) - If you need more detail on this subject, see "String Matching" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) + If you need more detail on this subject, see "String Matching" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects). ---- +- ### Tries + - Note there are different kinds of tries. Some have prefixes, some don't, and some use string instead of bits + to track the path + - I read through code, but will not implement + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) + - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) + - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) + - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] Short course videos: + - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) + - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + +- ### Floating Point Numbers + - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + +- ### Unicode + - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + +- ### Endianness + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141940/http://www.cs.umd.edu:80/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - Very technical talk for kernel devs. Don't worry if most is over your head. + - The first half is enough. + +- ### Networking + - **if you have networking experience or want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, expect questions** + - Otherwise, this is just good to know + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/computers-and-internet-code-org) + - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained! (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial. (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] Sockets: + - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) ## System Design, Scalability, Data Handling -- **You can expect system design questions if you have 4+ years of experience.** + +**You can expect system design questions if you have 4+ years of experience.** + - Scalability and System Design are very large topics with many topics and resources, since there is a lot to consider when designing a software/hardware system that can scale. - Expect to spend quite a bit of time on this. -- Considerations from Yegge: - - scalability + Expect to spend quite a bit of time on this +- Considerations: + - Scalability - Distill large data sets to single values - Transform one data set to another - Handling obscenely large amounts of data - - system design + - System design - features sets - interfaces - class hierarchies @@ -1216,24 +1168,27 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - simplicity and robustness - tradeoffs - performance analysis and optimization -- [ ] **START HERE**: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] **START HERE**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) - [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) - [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) - [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) -- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below. +- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below - [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) - [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) - [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) - [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) -- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) -- [ ] Paxos Consensus algorithm: - - [short video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) - - [extended video with use case and multi-paxos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEpsBg0AO6o) - - [paper](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf) +- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem) +- [ ] Consensus Algorithms: + - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + - [ ] [Easy-to-read paper](https://raft.github.io/) + - [ ] [Infographic](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) - [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) - [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) - [ ] Scalability: + - You don't need all of these. Just pick a few that interest you. - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) - [ ] Short series: - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) @@ -1248,9 +1203,8 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) - - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) + - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) - - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2009)](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Scale-at-Facebook) - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) @@ -1264,7 +1218,6 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) - - [ ] [Egnyte Architecture: Lessons Learned In Building And Scaling A Multi Petabyte Distributed System](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html) - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) @@ -1273,7 +1226,6 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) - - [ ] [Does AMP Counter An Existential Threat To Google?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/14/does-amp-counter-an-existential-threat-to-google.html) - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) @@ -1289,31 +1241,32 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] Twitter: - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) - - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the Video Series section. + - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [Video Series](#video-series) section - [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: - - review: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - review: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - flow: 1. Understand the problem and scope: - - define the use cases, with interviewer's help - - suggest additional features - - remove items that interviewer deems out of scope - - assume high availability is required, add as a use case + - Define the use cases, with interviewer's help + - Suggest additional features + - Remove items that interviewer deems out of scope + - Assume high availability is required, add as a use case 2. Think about constraints: - - ask how many requests per month - - ask how many requests per second (they may volunteer it or make you do the math) - - estimate reads vs. writes percentage - - keep 80/20 rule in mind when estimating - - how much data written per second - - total storage required over 5 years - - how much data read per second + - Ask how many requests per month + - Ask how many requests per second (they may volunteer it or make you do the math) + - Estimate reads vs. writes percentage + - Keep 80/20 rule in mind when estimating + - How much data written per second + - Total storage required over 5 years + - How much data read per second 3. Abstract design: - - layers (service, data, caching) - - infrastructure: load balancing, messaging - - rough overview of any key algorithm that drives the service - - consider bottlenecks and determine solutions + - Layers (service, data, caching) + - Infrastructure: load balancing, messaging + - Rough overview of any key algorithm that drives the service + - Consider bottlenecks and determine solutions - Exercises: - - [Design a CDN network: old article](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) + - [Design a CDN network: old article](https://kilthub.cmu.edu/articles/Globally_distributed_content_delivery/6605972) - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) @@ -1333,32 +1286,8 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) - [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (18 videos): - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) -- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) - - [ ] [01. Union-Find](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) - - [ ] [02. Analysis of Algorithms](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZN-nFW0mEpg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTf0_bkOhh7sa5uqeppp3Sr0) - - [ ] [03. Stacks and Queues](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIC1gappbP8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe-9jhnj3P_3mmrCh0A7iHh) - - [ ] [04. Elementary Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CD2AL6VO0ak&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe_5WhGV0F--7CK8MoRUqBd) - - [ ] [05. Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - - [ ] [06. Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M5A7qPWk84&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [07. Priority Queues](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9TMe0KC0w0&list=PLe-ggMe31CTducy9LDiGVkdSv0NfiRwn5) - - [ ] [08. Elementary Symbol Tables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=up_nlilw3ac&list=PLe-ggMe31CTc3a8nKRDxFZZrWrBvkc9SG) - - [ ] [09. Balanced Search Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qC1BLLPK_5w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTf7jHH_mFT50kayjCEA6Rhu) - - [ ] [10. Geometric Applications of BST](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wl30aGAp6TY&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdBsRIw0hXln0hilRs-DqAx) - - [ ] [11. Hash Tables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QA8fJGO-i9o&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcKxIRGqqThMts2eHtSrf11) -- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?flow=list&shelf_id=3&view=50) - - [ ] [01. Undirected Graphs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmVhD-mmMBg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTc0zDzANxl4I2MhMoRVlbRM) - - [ ] [02. Directed Graphs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_z-JsVaUS40&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcEwaU8a1P1Gd95A77HV85K) - - [ ] [03. Minimum Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8fNk9tfVYY&list=PLe-ggMe31CTceUZxDesGfHGLE7kcSafqj) - - [ ] [04. Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoGSiB7tSeI&list=PLe-ggMe31CTePpG3jbeOTsnGUGZDKxgZD) - - [ ] [05. Maximum Flow](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYIKlFstBqE&list=PLe-ggMe31CTduQ68XQ-sVj32wYJIspTma) - - [ ] [06. Radix Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [07. Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [08. Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) - - [ ] [09. Regular Expressions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQWNQsJSPnk&list=PLe-ggMe31CTetTlJWouM42fyttyKPgSDh) - - [ ] [10. Data Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=at9tjpxcBh8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTciifRRo6yY0Yt0mzgIXXVZ) - - [ ] [11. Reductions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow5x-ooMGv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe_yliW5vc3yO-dj1LSSDyF) - - [ ] [12. Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWhcLyiLZLA&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdy6dKzMgkWFuTTN1H8B-E1) - - [ ] [13. Intractability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qcaaDp4cdQ&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcZCjluBHw53e_ek2k9Kn-S) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) --- @@ -1369,29 +1298,28 @@ Now that you know all the computer science topics above, it's time to practice a **Coding question practice is not about memorizing answers to programming problems.** Why you need to practice doing programming problems: -- problem recognition, and where the right data structures and algorithms fit in -- gathering requirements for the problem -- talking your way through the problem like you will in the interview -- coding on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer -- coming up with time and space complexity for your solutions -- testing your solutions +- Problem recognition, and where the right data structures and algorithms fit in +- Gathering requirements for the problem +- Talking your way through the problem like you will in the interview +- Coding on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer +- Coming up with time and space complexity for your solutions +- Testing your solutions There is a great intro for methodical, communicative problem solving in an interview. You'll get this from the programming interview books, too, but I found this outstanding: [Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) -[My Process for Coding Interview (Book) Exercises](https://googleyasheck.com/my-process-for-coding-interview-exercises/) - No whiteboard at home? That makes sense. I'm a weirdo and have a big whiteboard. Instead of a whiteboard, pick up a large drawing pad from an art store. You can sit on the couch and practice. This is my "sofa whiteboard". -I added the pen in the photo for scale. If you use a pen, you'll wish you could erase. Gets messy quick. +I added the pen in the photo for scale. If you use a pen, you'll wish you could erase. Gets messy quick. I use a pencil +and eraser. -![my sofa whiteboard](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/art_board_sm_2-1476233630368.jpg) +![my sofa whiteboard](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) Supplemental: -- [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) -- [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) +- [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) +- [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) - [MIT Interview Materials](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) - [Exercises for getting better at a given language](http://exercism.io/languages) @@ -1404,40 +1332,66 @@ Supplemental: See [Book List above](#book-list) + ## Coding exercises/challenges Once you've learned your brains out, put those brains to work. Take coding challenges every day, as many as you can. -- [ ] [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) -- [ ] [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) +- [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) + +Coding Interview Question Videos: +- [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - Super for walkthroughs of problem solutions +- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 Videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - Good explanations of solution and the code + - You can watch several in a short time +- [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) Challenge sites: - [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) -- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) -- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) -- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) + - My favorite coding problem site. It's worth the subscription money for the 1-2 months you'll likely be preparing + - [LeetCode solutions from FisherCoder](https://github.com/fishercoder1534/Leetcode) + - See Nick White Videos above for short code-throughs - [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) -- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) - [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) - [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) +- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) +- [Code Exercises](https://code-exercises.com) + +Language-learning sites, with challenges: +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) +- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) +- [Codeforces](https://codeforces.com/) + +Challenge repos: +- [Interactive Coding Interview Challenges in Python](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) + +Mock Interviews: +- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - I used this and it helped me relax for the phone screen and on-site interview +- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - peer-to-peer model of practice interviews +- [Refdash: Mock interviews and expedited interviews](https://refdash.com/) - also help candidates fast track by skipping multiple interviews with tech companies +- [interviewing.io: Practice mock interview with senior engineers](https://interviewing.io) - anonymous algorithmic/systems design interviews with senior engineers from FAANG anonymously. -Maybe: -- [Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) ## Once you're closer to the interview -- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (videos): +- Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (videos): - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) - - [Ask Me Anything: Gayle Laakmann McDowell (author of Cracking the Coding Interview)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fqxMuPmGak) ## Your Resume -- [Ten Tips for a (Slightly) Less Awful Resume](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.co.uk/2007_09_01_archive.html) - See Resume prep items in Cracking The Coding Interview and back of Programming Interviews Exposed - +- Very Important thing to remember while creating your resume, if you applying for big companies is that make it ATS Complaint. +- [How to Create or Check if your Resume is ATS Complaint](https://ayedot.com/97/MiniBlog/Meaning-of-ATS-compliant-resume-and-How-to-create-ATS-Resume-for-Free) ## Be thinking of for when the interview comes @@ -1448,7 +1402,7 @@ Have a story, not just data, about something you accomplished. - What's a tough problem you've solved? - Biggest challenges faced? - Best/worst designs seen? -- Ideas for improving an existing Google product. +- Ideas for improving an existing product - How do you work best, as an individual and as part of a team? - Which of your skills or experiences would be assets in the role and why? - What did you most enjoy at [job x / project y]? @@ -1470,13 +1424,12 @@ Have a story, not just data, about something you accomplished. - What are you working on? - What do you like about it? - What is the work life like? +- How is work/life balance? ## Once You've Got The Job Congratulations! -- [10 things I wish I knew on my first day at Google](https://medium.com/@moonstorming/10-things-i-wish-i-knew-on-my-first-day-at-google-107581d87286#.livxn7clw) - Keep learning. You're never really done. @@ -1486,7 +1439,7 @@ You're never really done. ***************************************************************************************************** ***************************************************************************************************** - Everything below this point is optional. These are my recommendations, not Google's. + Everything below this point is optional. By studying these, you'll get greater exposure to more CS concepts, and will be better prepared for any software engineering job. You'll be a much more well-rounded software engineer. @@ -1497,45 +1450,77 @@ You're never really done. ## Additional Books -- [ ] [The Unix Programming Environment](http://product.half.ebay.com/The-UNIX-Programming-Environment-by-Brian-W-Kernighan-and-Rob-Pike-1983-Other/54385&tg=info) - - an oldie but a goodie -- [ ] [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) - - a modern option -- [ ] [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) -- [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) - - a gentle introduction to design patterns -- [ ] [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) - - aka the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF - - the canonical design patterns book -- [ ] [Site Reliability Engineering](https://landing.google.com/sre/book.html) - - [Site Reliability Engineering: How Google Runs Production Systems](https://landing.google.com/sre/) -- [ ] [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0131480057/) + These are here so you can dive into a topic you find interesting. + +- [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) + - An oldie but a goodie +- [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - A modern option +- [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) +- [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - A gentle introduction to design patterns +- [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - AKA the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF + - The canonical design patterns book +- [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 5th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0134277554/) +- [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - As a review and problem recognition + - The algorithm catalog portion is well beyond the scope of difficulty you'll get in an interview + - This book has 2 parts: + - Class textbook on data structures and algorithms + - Pros: + - Is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be + - Nice stories from his experiences solving problems in industry and academia + - Code examples in C + - Cons: + - Can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects + - Chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have + - Don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material + - Algorithm catalog: + - This is the real reason you buy this book + - About to get to this part. Will update here once I've made my way through it + - Can rent it on kindle + - Answers: + - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +- [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - The book was published in 2004, and is somewhat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief + - The author invented [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly), so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like + - These chapters are worth the read to give you a nice foundation: + - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation + - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations + - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation + - Chapter 5 - Character Representation + - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access + - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects + - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture + - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture + - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization +- [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) + - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently + - AKA CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game + +- [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + - For a richer, more up-to-date (2017), but longer treatment + +- [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + - The first couple of chapters present clever solutions to programming problems (some very old using data tape) but + that is just an intro. This a guidebook on program design and architecture ## Additional Learning + I added them to help you become a well-rounded software engineer, and to be aware of certain + technologies and algorithms, so you'll have a bigger toolbox. + - ### Compilers - - [ ] [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) - - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) - - [ ] [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) - - [ ] [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) - -- ### Floating Point Numbers - - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) - - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) - -- ### Unicode - - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) - - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) - -- ### Endianness - - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://www.cs.umd.edu/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) - - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) - - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) - - Very technical talk for kernel devs. Don't worry if most is over your head. - - The first half is enough. + - [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) - ### Emacs and vi(m) - - suggested by Yegge, from an old Amazon recruiting post: Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor + - Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor - vi(m): - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) @@ -1556,132 +1541,121 @@ You're never really done. - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) - ### Unix command line tools - - suggested by Yegge, from an old Amazon recruiting post. I filled in the list below from good tools. - - [ ] bash - - [ ] cat - - [ ] grep - - [ ] sed - - [ ] awk - - [ ] curl or wget - - [ ] sort - - [ ] tr - - [ ] uniq - - [ ] [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) - - [ ] [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + - I filled in the list below from good tools. + - bash + - cat + - grep + - sed + - awk + - curl or wget + - sort + - tr + - uniq + - [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) - ### Information theory (videos) - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) - - [ ] more about Markov processes: - - [ ] [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) - - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below. + - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - More about Markov processes: + - [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below - ### Parity & Hamming Code (videos) - - [ ] [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) - - [ ] [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) - - [ ] Hamming Code: + - [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - Hamming Code: - [Error detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) - - [ ] [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + - [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) - ### Entropy - - also see videos below - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + - Also see videos below + - Make sure to watch information theory videos first + - [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) - ### Cryptography - - also see videos below - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) - - [ ] [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) - - [ ] [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - Also see videos below + - Make sure to watch information theory videos first + - [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - ### Compression - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] Computerphile (videos): - - [ ] [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) - - [ ] [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) - - [ ] [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) - - [ ] [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) - - [ ] [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) - - [ ] [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) - - [ ] [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) - - [ ] [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) - -- ### Networking - - **if you have networking experience or want to be a systems engineer, expect questions** - - otherwise, this is just good to know - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) - - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) - - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) - - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) - - [ ] [HTTP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) - - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) - - [ ] [SSL/TLS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) - - [ ] [HTTP 2.0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) - - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) - - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - Make sure to watch information theory videos first + - Computerphile (videos): + - [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) - ### Computer Security - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) - - [ ] [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) - - [ ] [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) - - [ ] [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - ### Garbage collection - - [ ] [Garbage collection (Java); Augmenting data str (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) - - [ ] [Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) - - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) - - [ ] [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) + - [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) - ### Parallel Programming - - [ ] [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) - - [ ] [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + - [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) - ### Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems - - [ ] [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) - - [ ] [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) - [Tutorials](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) - - [ ] [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) - - [ ] [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [Redis](http://redis.io/) - [Tutorial](http://try.redis.io/) - - [ ] [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) - - [ ] [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) - - [ ] [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) - [Get Started](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) - - [ ] [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) - - [ ] [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) - - [ ] [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) - - [ ] [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) - - [ ] [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) - - [ ] [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + - [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + +- ### A* + - [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) - ### Fast Fourier Transform - - [ ] [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) - - [ ] [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) - - [ ] [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) - - [ ] [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + - [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) - ### Bloom Filter - Given a Bloom filter with m bits and k hashing functions, both insertion and membership testing are O(k) - - [Bloom Filters](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) - - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - [Bloom Filters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) - [How To Write A Bloom Filter App](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) @@ -1689,73 +1663,55 @@ You're never really done. - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) - ### Locality-Sensitive Hashing - - used to determine the similarity of documents - - the opposite of MD5 or SHA which are used to determine if 2 documents/strings are exactly the same. + - Used to determine the similarity of documents + - The opposite of MD5 or SHA which are used to determine if 2 documents/strings are exactly the same - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) - ### van Emde Boas Trees - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) - - [ ] [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + - [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) - ### Augmented Data Structures - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://youtu.be/zksIj9O8_jc?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&t=950) - -- ### Tries - - Note there are different kinds of tries. Some have prefixes, some don't, and some use string instead of bits - to track the path. - - I read through code, but will not implement. - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buq2bn8x3Vo&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LelV-kkYMIg&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ&index=1) - - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) - - [ ] Short course videos: - - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) - - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) - - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) - - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) - - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/using-tries/) - - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) - - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) - ### Balanced search trees - - Know least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented): + - Know at least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented): - "Among balanced search trees, AVL and 2/3 trees are now passé, and red-black trees seem to be more popular. A particularly interesting self-organizing data structure is the splay tree, which uses rotations to move any accessed key to the root." - Skiena - Of these, I chose to implement a splay tree. From what I've read, you won't implement a balanced search tree in your interview. But I wanted exposure to coding one up - and let's face it, splay trees are the bee's knees. I did read a lot of red-black tree code. - - splay tree: insert, search, delete functions + and let's face it, splay trees are the bee's knees. I did read a lot of red-black tree code + - Splay tree: insert, search, delete functions If you end up implementing red/black tree try just these: - - search and insertion functions, skipping delete - - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets. - - [ ] [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + - Search and insertion functions, skipping delete + - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets + - [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) - - [ ] **AVL trees** + - **AVL trees** - In practice: From what I can tell, these aren't used much in practice, but I could see where they would be: The AVL tree is another structure supporting O(log n) search, insertion, and removal. It is more rigidly balanced than red–black trees, leading to slower insertion and removal but faster retrieval. This makes it attractive for data structures that may be built once and loaded without reconstruction, such as language - dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter). - - [ ] [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) - - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter) + - [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) - - [ ] **Splay trees** + - **Splay trees** - In practice: Splay trees are typically used in the implementation of caches, memory allocators, routers, garbage collectors, data compression, ropes (replacement of string used for long text strings), in Windows NT (in the virtual memory, - networking and file system code) etc. - - [ ] [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Najzh1rYQTo&index=23&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) - - [ ] MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: + networking and file system code) etc + - [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) + - MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: - Gets very mathy, but watch the last 10 minutes for sure. - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) - - [ ] **Red/black trees** - - these are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below) + - **Red/black trees** + - These are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below). - In practice: Red–black trees offer worst-case guarantees for insertion time, deletion time, and search time. Not only does this make them valuable in time-sensitive applications such as real-time applications, @@ -1763,106 +1719,107 @@ You're never really done. for example, many data structures used in computational geometry can be based on red–black trees, and the Completely Fair Scheduler used in current Linux kernels uses red–black trees. In the version 8 of Java, the Collection HashMap has been modified such that instead of using a LinkedList to store identical elements with poor - hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used. - - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) - - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - - [ ] [Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) - - [ ] **2-3 search trees** + - **2-3 search trees** - In practice: 2-3 trees have faster inserts at the expense of slower searches (since height is more compared to AVL trees). - You would use 2-3 tree very rarely because its implementation involves different types of nodes. Instead, people use Red Black trees. - - [ ] [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) - - [ ] [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** + - **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** - In practice: For every 2-4 tree, there are corresponding red–black trees with data elements in the same order. The insertion and deletion operations on 2-4 trees are also equivalent to color-flipping and rotations in red–black trees. This makes 2-4 trees an important tool for understanding the logic behind red–black trees, and this is why many introductory algorithm texts introduce 2-4 trees just before red–black trees, even though **2-4 trees are not often used in practice**. - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqrqYXkth6Q&index=26&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - - [ ] [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + - [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) + - [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) - - [ ] **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** + - **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** - note: the N or K is the branching factor (max branches) - binary trees are a 2-ary tree, with branching factor = 2 - 2-3 trees are 3-ary - - [ ] [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + - [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) - - [ ] **B-Trees** - - fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor) + - **B-Trees** + - Fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor). - In Practice: B-Trees are widely used in databases. Most modern filesystems use B-trees (or Variants). In addition to its use in databases, the B-tree is also used in filesystems to allow quick random access to an arbitrary block in a particular file. The basic problem is turning the file block i address into a disk block - (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address. - - [ ] [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) - - [ ] [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) - - [ ] [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address + - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [B-Tree Datastructure](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) + - [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) - ### k-D Trees - - great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object - - a good fit for k-nearest neighbors - - [ ] [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) - - [ ] [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + - Great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object + - A good fit for k-nearest neighbors + - [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) - ### Skip lists - "These are somewhat of a cult data structure" - Skiena - - [ ] [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + - [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) - ### Network Flows - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - - [ ] [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + - [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) + - [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) - ### Disjoint Sets & Union Find - - [ ] [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAEGXTwmUsI&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=21) - - [ ] [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) + - [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) + - [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) - ### Math for Fast Processing - - [ ] [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + - [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) - ### Treap - Combination of a binary search tree and a heap - - [ ] [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) - - [ ] [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) - - [ ] [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + - [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) - ### Linear Programming (videos) - - [ ] [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) - - [ ] [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) - - [ ] [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) - - [ ] [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) + - [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) - ### Geometry, Convex hull (videos) - - [ ] [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) - - [ ] [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + - [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) - ### Discrete math - - see videos below + - See videos below - ### Machine Learning - - [ ] Why ML? - - [ ] [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) - - [ ] [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) - - [ ] [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) - - [ ] [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) - - [ ] [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) - - [ ] [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) - - [ ] [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) - - [ ] [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + - Why ML? + - [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + - [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + - [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + - [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + - [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + - [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) + - [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) - Courses: - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) - [videos only](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) @@ -1880,17 +1837,7 @@ You're never really done. - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ -- ### Go - - [ ] Videos: - - [ ] [Why Learn Go?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTl0tl9BGdc) - - [ ] [Go Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CF9S4QZuV30) - - [ ] [A Tour of Go](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytEkHepK08c) - - [ ] Books: - - [ ] [An Introduction to Programming in Go (read free online)](https://www.golang-book.com/books/intro) - - [ ] [The Go Programming Language (Donovan & Kernighan)](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Addison-Wesley-Professional-Computing/dp/0134190440) - - [ ] [Bootcamp](https://www.golang-book.com/guides/bootcamp) - --- +--- ## Additional Detail on Some Subjects @@ -1898,135 +1845,193 @@ You're never really done. above because it's just too much. It's easy to overdo it on a subject. You want to get hired in this century, right? -- [ ] **Union-Find** - - [ ] [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) - - [ ] [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) - - [ ] [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) - - [ ] [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) - - [ ] [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) - - [ ] [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) +- **SOLID** + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use + - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. + - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) -- [ ] **More Dynamic Programming** (videos) - - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) - - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) - - [ ] [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) - - [ ] [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) -- [ ] **Advanced Graph Processing** (videos) - - [ ] [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) - - [ ] [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) +- **Union-Find** + - [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) -- [ ] MIT **Probability** (mathy, and go slowly, which is good for mathy things) (videos): - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) +- **More Dynamic Programming** (videos) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + - [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + - [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) -- [ ] [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) +- **Advanced Graph Processing** (videos) + - [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) -- [ ] **String Matching** - - [ ] Rabin-Karp (videos): +- MIT **Probability** (mathy, and go slowly, which is good for mathy things) (videos): + - [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) + +- [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) + +- **String Matching** + - Rabin-Karp (videos): - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) - - [ ] Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): + - Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): - [TThe Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) - - [ ] Boyer–Moore string search algorithm + - Boyer–Moore string search algorithm - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) - - [ ] [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) - starts off great, but by the time it gets past KMP it gets more complicated than it needs to be - nice explanation of tries - can be skipped -- [ ] **Sorting** +- **Sorting** - - [ ] Stanford lectures on sorting: - - [ ] [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): - - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) - - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) - - [ ] Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: - - [ ] [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + - Stanford lectures on sorting: + - [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: + - [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) ## Video Series Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P -- [ ] [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) +- [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) -- [ ] [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) +- [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) -- [ ] [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) +- [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) -- [ ] [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) +- [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) -- [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) +- [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) +- [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) +- [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) -- [ ] CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) +- CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFPmKGIrQs4&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJJeUFyuvvg&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) +- [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) -- [ ] [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) +- [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr) +- ~~[UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~ -- [ ] [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) +- [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDSlqjcPpoL64CJdF0Qee5oWqGS6we_Yu) -- [ ] [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) +- [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) -- [ ] [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) +- [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) -- [ ] [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) +- [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) -- [ ] [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) +- [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) -- [ ] [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) +- [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) -- [ ] [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) +- [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) -- [ ] [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) +- [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) -- [ ] [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) +- [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) -- [ ] [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) +- [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) -- [ ] [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) +- [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) -- [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) +- [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=9D558D49CA734A02) +- [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) -- [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) +- [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) -- [ ] [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) +- [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) -- [ ] [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) +- [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) ## Computer Science Courses - [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) - [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) + +## Algorithms implementation + +- [Multiple Algorithms implementation by Princeton University)](https://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/code) + + +## Papers + +- [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) +- [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) +- [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - replaced by Colossus in 2012 +- [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow? +- [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) + - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) +- [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) +- [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) + - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution +- [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) +- [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) +- [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) +- [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) + - paper not available +- 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: + - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) +- 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: + - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) +- [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) +- [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +- [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +- [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) +- [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +- [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) + + +## LICENSE + +[CC-BY-SA-4.0](./LICENSE.txt) diff --git a/translations/README-bn.md b/translations/README-bn.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d15c55 --- /dev/null +++ b/translations/README-bn.md @@ -0,0 +1,2134 @@ +#কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কার বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় + +> আমি এটি প্রথমে একটি সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ার হওয়ার জন্য অধ্যয়নের বিষয়গুলির একটি স্বল্প-করণীয় তালিকা হিসাবে তৈরি করেছি, +> তবে এটি আজ আপনি যে বৃহত তালিকায় দেখতে পেলেন grew এই অধ্যয়নের পরিকল্পনাটি পেরিয়ে যাওয়ার পরে, [আমি নিয়োগ পেয়েছি +> অ্যামাজনে সফটওয়্যার ডেভলপমেন্ট ইঞ্জিনিয়ার হিসাবে] (https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! +> আপনাকে সম্ভবত আমার মতো পড়াশোনা করতে হবে না। যাইহোক, আপনার যা কিছু প্রয়োজন তা এখানেই। +> +> আমি বেশ কয়েক মাস ধরে প্রতিদিন প্রায় ৮-১২ ঘন্টা অধ্যয়ন করেছি। এটি আমার গল্প: [গুগল সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য আমি কেন ৮ মাস পূর্ণ-সময় অধ্যয়ন করেছি] (https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google সাক্ষাৎকার-cc662ce9bb13) +> +> এখানে তালিকাভুক্ত আইটেমগুলি কোনও সফ্টওয়্যার সংস্থার সম্পর্কে আপনাকে একটি সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য ভালভাবে প্রস্তুত করবে, +> জায়ান্ট সহ: অ্যামাজন, ফেসবুক, গুগল বা মাইক্রোসফ্ট। +> +> * আপনার জন্য শুভকামনা! * + +
+অনুবাদ: + +-[ 中文 版本] (অনুবাদগুলি / README-cn.md) +-[টিউইং ভাই-ভিয়েতনামী] (অনুবাদসমূহ / পুনঃনির্মাণ-ভি.এমডি) +-[এস্পাওল] (অনুবাদগুলি / README-es.md) +-[পর্তুগিজ ব্রাজিলিও] (অনুবাদসমূহ / README-ptbr.md) + +
+ +
+অনুবাদ অগ্রগতি: + +-[ हिन्दी ] ( https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +-[ עברית] (Https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) +-[বাহাসা ইন্দোনেশিয়া] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) +-[আরবি] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) +-[তুর্কি] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) +-[ফরাসি] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) +-[রাশিয়ান] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) +-[ইউক্রেনীয়] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +-[কোরিয়ান ( 한국어 )] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) +-[তেলেগু] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) +-[পোলিশ] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/122) +-[উর্দু] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) +-[থাই] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +-[গ্রীক] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) +-[ইতালি] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) +-[মালায়ালাম] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) +-[জাপানীজ ( 日本語)] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/257) + +
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+
+
+ +##এটা কি? + +কোনও বড় প্রতিষ্ঠানের সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ারের কাছে ওয়েব বিকাশকারী (স্ব-শিক্ষিত, কোনও সিএস ডিগ্রি) থেকে যাওয়ার জন্য এটি আমার বহু মাসের অধ্যয়ন পরিকল্পনা। + +! [হোয়াইটবোর্ডে কোডিং-এইচবিওর সিলিকন ভ্যালি থেকে] (https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) + +এটি ** নতুন সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ার ** বা যাঁরা স্যুইচ করছেন তাদের জন্য +সফ্টওয়্যার / ওয়েব ডেভলপমেন্ট সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং (যেখানে কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানের জ্ঞান প্রয়োজন)। যদি তোমার থাকে +বহু বছরের অভিজ্ঞতা রয়েছে এবং সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিংয়ের বহু বছরের অভিজ্ঞতা দাবি করছেন, আরও একটি কঠিন সাক্ষাত্কারের প্রত্যাশা করুন। + +আপনার যদি অনেক বছরের সফ্টওয়্যার / ওয়েব বিকাশের অভিজ্ঞতা থাকে তবে নোট করুন যে গুগল, অ্যামাজন, +ফেসবুক এবং মাইক্রোসফ্ট সফ্টওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং সফ্টওয়্যার / ওয়েব বিকাশ থেকে আলাদা হিসাবে দেখে এবং তাদের কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানের জ্ঞান প্রয়োজন। + +আপনি যদি নির্ভরযোগ্যতা প্রকৌশলী বা অপারেশন ইঞ্জিনিয়ার হতে চান তবে listচ্ছিক তালিকা (নেটওয়ার্কিং, সুরক্ষা) থেকে আরও অধ্যয়ন করুন। + +--- + +##সুচিপত্র + +-[এটি কী?] (#এটি-কী) +-[কেন এটি ব্যবহার করবেন?] (#এটি-কেন-ব্যবহার-করুন) +-[এটি কীভাবে ব্যবহার করবেন] (#এটি-কীভাবে-ব্যবহার-করবেন) +-[মনে হয় আপনি যথেষ্ট স্মার্ট নন] (#মনে-করেন-না-আপনি-স্মার্ট-যথেষ্ট) +-[ভিডিও সংস্থান সম্পর্কে] (#ভিডিও-সংস্থান-সম্পর্কে) +-[সাক্ষাত্কার প্রক্রিয়া এবং সাধারণ সাক্ষাত্কার প্রস্তুতি] (#সাক্ষাত্কার-প্রক্রিয়া-সাধারণ-সাক্ষাত্কার-প্রস্তুতি) +-[সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য একটি ভাষা বাছুন] (#সাক্ষাত্কারের-জন্য-ভাষা-বেছে-নিন) +-[বইয়ের তালিকা] (#বুক-তালিকা) +-[আপনি শুরু করার আগে] (#আপনি-আগে-শুরু করার আগে) +-[যা আপনি আবৃত দেখবেন না] (#কী-আপনি-দেখতে-পাবেন-না) +-[পূর্বশর্ত জ্ঞান] (#পূর্বশর্ত-জ্ঞান) +-[দৈনিক পরিকল্পনা] (#দৈনিক-পরিকল্পনা) +-[অ্যালগরিদমিক জটিলতা / বিগ-ও / অ্যাসিপটোটিক বিশ্লেষণ] (#অ্যালগোরিদমিক-জটিলতা-বিগ-ও-অ্যাসিপোটোটিক-বিশ্লেষণ) +-[ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার] (#ডেটা-স্ট্রাকচার) + -[অ্যারে] (#অ্যারে) + -[লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকা] (#লিঙ্কযুক্ত-তালিকাগুলি) + -[স্ট্যাক] (#স্ট্যাক) + -[সারি] (#সারি) + -[হ্যাশ টেবিল] (#হ্যাশ-টেবিল) +-[আরও জ্ঞান] (#আরও-জ্ঞান) + -[বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান] (#বাইনারি-অনুসন্ধান) + -[বিটওয়াইজ অপারেশন] (#বিটওয়াইস-অপারেশন) +-[গাছ] (#গাছ) + -[গাছ-নোট ও পটভূমি] (#গাছ-নোট-পটভূমি) + -[বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান গাছ: বিএসটিএস] (#বাইনারি-অনুসন্ধান-গাছ-বুস্ট) + -[গাদা / অগ্রাধিকার সারি / বাইনারি হিপ] (#হিপ-অগ্রাধিকার-সারি-বাইনারি-হিপ) + -সুষম অনুসন্ধান গাছ (সাধারণ ধারণা, বিশদ নয়) + -ট্র্যাভারসাল: প্রির্ডার, ইনর্ডার, পোস্টর্ডার, বিএফএস, ডিএফএস +-[বাছাই করা] (#বাছাই-করা) + -নির্বাচন + -সন্নিবেশ + -হিপসোর্ট + -quicksort + -মার্জ সাজান +-[গ্রাফ] (#গ্রাফ) + -পরিচালিত + -পুনর্নির্দেশ + -অন্তিক ম্যাট্রিক্স + -সংলগ্ন তালিকা + -ট্র্যাভারসাল: বিএফএস, ডিএফএস +-[আরও বেশি জ্ঞান] (#আরও-বেশি-জ্ঞান) + -[পুনরাবৃত্তি] (#পুনরাবৃত্তি) + -[ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং] (#ডায়নামিক-প্রোগ্রামিং) + -[অবজেক্ট-ওরিয়েন্টড প্রোগ্রামিং] (#অবজেক্ট-ওরিয়েন্টেড-প্রোগ্রামিং) + -[নকশার ধরণগুলি] (#ডিজাইন-নিদর্শন) + -[সংযুক্তি (এন কে নির্বাচন করুন) এবং সম্ভাবনা] (#সংযুক্তি-এন-পছন্দ-কে-সম্ভাবনা) + -[এনপি, এনপি-সম্পূর্ণ এবং আনুমানিক অ্যালগরিদম] (#এনপি-এনপি-সম্পূর্ণ-এবং-আনুমানিক-অ্যালগোরিদম) + -[ক্যাশে] (#ক্যাশে) + -[প্রক্রিয়া এবং থ্রেড] (#প্রক্রিয়া-এবং-থ্রেড) + -[পরীক্ষা] (#পরীক্ষা) + -[সময়সূচী] (#সময়সূচী) + -[স্ট্রিং সন্ধান এবং ম্যানিপুলেশনস] (#স্ট্রিং-সন্ধান-ম্যানিপুলেশনস) + -[চেষ্টা] (#চেষ্টা) + -[ভাসমান পয়েন্ট নম্বর] (#ভাসমান-পয়েন্ট নম্বর) + -[ইউনিকোড] (#ইউনিকোড) + -[অন্তিমারতা] (#শেষতা) + -[নেটওয়ার্কিং] (#নেটওয়ার্কিং) +-[সিস্টেম ডিজাইন, স্কেলাবিলিটি, ডেটা হ্যান্ডলিং] (#সিস্টেম-ডিজাইন-স্কেলাবিলিটি-ডেটা-হ্যান্ডলিং) (যদি আপনার 4+ বছরের অভিজ্ঞতা থাকে) +-[চূড়ান্ত পর্যালোচনা] (#চূড়ান্ত-পর্যালোচনা) +-[কোডিং প্রশ্ন অনুশীলন] (#কোডিং-প্রশ্ন-অনুশীলন) +-[কোডিং অনুশীলন / চ্যালেঞ্জ] (#কোডিং-এক্সারসাইজেশনগুলি) +-[একবার আপনি সাক্ষাত্কারের কাছাকাছি এসেছেন] (#একবার-আপনি-সাক্ষাত্কারের-কাছাকাছি-এসেছেন) +-[আপনার জীবনবৃত্তান্ত] (#আপনার-জীবনবৃত্তান্ত) +-[সাক্ষাত্কারটি আসার জন্য চিন্তাভাবনা করুন] (#সাক্ষাত্কারটি-কখন-আসবে-এর-জন্য-চিন্তাভাবনা-করুন) +-[সাক্ষাত্কারকারীর জন্য প্রশ্ন রয়েছে] (#সাক্ষাত্কারকারীর-জন্য-প্রশ্ন-রয়েছে) +-[একবার আপনি কাজটি পেয়ে যাবেন] (#একবার-আপনি-কাজটি-পেয়েছেন) + +----------------এই পয়েন্টের নীচে থাকা সমস্ত কিছুই alচ্ছিক---------------- + +
+অতিরিক্ত সংস্থান + +-[অতিরিক্ত বই] (#অতিরিক্ত-বই) +-[অতিরিক্ত শিক্ষা] (#অতিরিক্ত-শিক্ষণ) + -[সংকলক] (#সংকলক) + -[ইম্যাকস এবং ভিআই (এম)] (#ইম্যাকস এবং ভিএম) + -[ইউনিক্স কমান্ড লাইন সরঞ্জাম] (#ইউনিক্স-কমান্ড-লাইন-সরঞ্জাম) + -[তথ্য তত্ত্ব] (#তথ্য-তত্ত্ব-ভিডিও) + -[সমতা এবং হামিং কোড] (#সমতা-হামিং-কোড-ভিডিও) + -[এন্ট্রপি] (#এনট্রপি) + -[ক্রিপ্টোগ্রাফি] (#ক্রিপ্টোগ্রাফি) + -[সংক্ষেপণ] (#সংক্ষেপণ) + -[কম্পিউটার সুরক্ষা] (#কম্পিউটার-সুরক্ষা) + -[আবর্জনা সংগ্রহ] (#জঞ্জাল-সংগ্রহ) + -[সমান্তরাল প্রোগ্রামিং] (#সমান্তরাল-প্রোগ্রামিং) + -[মেসেজিং, সিরিয়ালাইজেশন, এবং কুইউিং সিস্টেম] (#মেসেজিং-সিরিয়ালাইজেশন-এবং-কুইউং-সিস্টেম) + -[এ *] (#ক) + -[ফাস্ট ফুরিয়ার ট্রান্সফর্ম] (#ফাস্ট-ফুরিয়ার-ট্রান্সফর্ম) + -[ব্লুম ফিল্টার] (#ব্লুম-ফিল্টার) + -[হাইপারলগলগ] (#হাইপারলগলগ) + -[স্থানীয়তা-সংবেদনশীল হ্যাশিং] (#লোকাল-সংবেদনশীল-হ্যাশিং) + -[ভ্যান এমডে বোস ট্রি] (#ভ্যান-এমডি-বোস-ট্রি) + -[অগমেন্টেড ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার] (#সংযুক্ত-ডেটা-কাঠামো) + -[ভারসাম্যযুক্ত অনুসন্ধান গাছ] (#সুষম-অনুসন্ধান-গাছ) + -এভিএল গাছ + -গাছ স্প্লে + -লাল / কালো গাছ + -2-3 অনুসন্ধান গাছ + -২-৩-৪ টি গাছ (ওরফ ২-৪ টি গাছ) + -এন-আরি (কে-আরি, এম-আরি) গাছ + -বি-ট্রি + -[কেডি গাছ] (#কেডি-ট্রি) + -[তালিকাগুলি বাদ দিন] (#এড়িয়ে যাওয়া-তালিকাগুলি) + -[নেটওয়ার্ক প্রবাহ] (#নেটওয়ার্ক-প্রবাহ) + -[বিচ্ছিন্ন সেট এবং ইউনিয়ন সন্ধান করুন] (#বিভেদ-সেট-ইউনিয়ন-অনুসন্ধান) + -[দ্রুত প্রক্রিয়াকরণের জন্য গণিত] (#দ্রুত-প্রক্রিয়াজাতকরণের-জন্য-গণিত) + -[ট্রিপ] (#ট্রাপ) + -[লিনিয়ার প্রোগ্রামিং] (#লিনিয়ার-প্রোগ্রামিং-ভিডিও) + -[জ্যামিতি, উত্তল হাল] [#জ্যামিতি-উত্তল-হাল-ভিডিও) + -[স্বতন্ত্র গণিত] (#স্বতন্ত্র-গণিত) + -[মেশিন লার্নিং] (#মেশিন-লার্নিং) +-[কয়েকটি বিষয়ে অতিরিক্ত বিশদ বিবরণ] (#কিছু-বিষয়ে-কিছু-অতিরিক্ত-বিশদ-বিবরণ) +-[ভিডিও সিরিজ] (#ভিডিও-সিরিজ) +-[কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞান কোর্স] (#কম্পিউটার-বিজ্ঞান-কোর্স) +-[কাগজপত্র] (#কাগজপত্র) + +
+ +--- + +##কেন এটি ব্যবহার করবেন? + +আমি যখন এই প্রকল্পটি শুরু করেছি, তখন আমি একটি স্তূপ থেকে একটি স্ট্যাক জানি না, বিগ-ও কিছুই জানতাম না, গাছ সম্পর্কে কিছুই বা কীভাবে করব +একটি গ্রাফ অতিক্রম করুন। যদি আমাকে কোনও বাছাই করা অ্যালগরিদম কোড করতে হয়, আমি তোমাকে বলতে পারি এটি খুব ভাল হত না। +আমি যে ডেটা কাঠামোটি ব্যবহার করেছি সেগুলি ভাষাতে নির্মিত হয়েছিল এবং তারা কীভাবে কাজ করেছিল তা আমি জানতাম না +আদৌ হুডের নিচে। আমি যে প্রক্রিয়াটি চালিয়ে যাচ্ছিলাম তা যদি না হয় তবে আমার কখনই মেমোরি পরিচালনা করতে হয়নি +স্মৃতিশক্তি "ত্রুটি, এবং তারপরে আমাকে একটি কাজের সন্ধান করতে হবে I've আমি আমার জীবনে কয়েকটি বহুমাত্রিক অ্যারে ব্যবহার করেছি এবং +সহস্রাধিক সংঘবদ্ধ অ্যারে, তবে আমি স্ক্র্যাচ থেকে কখনও ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার তৈরি করি নি। + +এটি একটি দীর্ঘ পরিকল্পনা। এটি আপনার কয়েক মাস সময় নিতে পারে। আপনি যদি ইতিমধ্যে এর অনেকের সাথে পরিচিত হন তবে আপনাকে অনেক কম সময় লাগবে। + +##এটি কিভাবে ব্যবহার করতে + +
+এটি কীভাবে ব্যবহার করবেন + +নীচের সমস্ত কিছুই একটি রূপরেখা এবং আপনার আইটেমগুলি উপরের থেকে নীচে পর্যন্ত সামলানো উচিত। + +অগ্রগতি পরীক্ষা করার জন্য কার্য তালিকা সহ আমি গিথুবের বিশেষ মার্কডাউন গন্ধ ব্যবহার করছি। + +** একটি নতুন শাখা তৈরি করুন যাতে আপনি এর মতো আইটেমগুলি পরীক্ষা করতে পারেন, বন্ধনীগুলিতে কেবল একটি এক্স রাখুন: [x] ** + + + একটি শাখা কাঁটাচামচ করুন এবং নীচের আদেশগুলি অনুসরণ করুন + +`git checkout-b progress` + +`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` + +`git fetch--all` + আপনার পরিবর্তনগুলি শেষ করার পরে এক্স সহ সমস্ত বাক্স চিহ্নিত করুন + +`git add .` + +`git commit-m "Marked x"` + +`git rebase jwasham/main` + +`git push--force` +[গিথুব-স্বাদযুক্ত মার্কডাউন সম্পর্কে আরও] (https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) + +
+ +##মনে হয় না আপনি যথেষ্ট স্মার্ট নন +-সফল সফ্টওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়াররা স্মার্ট, তবে অনেকেরই এমন নিরাপত্তাহীনতা রয়েছে যে তারা যথেষ্ট স্মার্ট নয়। +-[জিনিয়াস প্রোগ্রামারটির রূপকথার কাহিনী] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +-[একা যাওয়া বিপদজনক: টেকের মধ্যে অদৃশ্য মনস্টারদের লড়াই] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) +-[বিশ্বাস আপনি পরিবর্তন করতে পারেন] (http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/dweck) +-[ভাবেন আপনি গুগলে কাজ করার মতো স্মার্ট নন? ঠিক আছে, আবার চিন্তা করুন] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPOJ1PR50ag) + +##ভিডিও সংস্থান সম্পর্কে + +কিছু ভিডিও কেবল কোর্সেরা বা এডএক্স ক্লাসে ভর্তি হয়ে পাওয়া যায়। এগুলিকে এমওওসি বলা হয়। +কখনও কখনও ক্লাসগুলি সেশনে হয় না তাই আপনাকে কয়েক মাস অপেক্ষা করতে হবে, যাতে আপনার অ্যাক্সেস নেই। + + আমি অনলাইনে কোর্স ভিডিও সহ ইউটিউব ভিডিও হিসাবে সর্বদা উপলব্ধ এবং সর্বদা উপলভ্য পাবলিক উত্স যোগ করতে আপনার সাহায্যের প্রশংসা করব। + আমি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের বক্তৃতা ব্যবহার করতে পছন্দ করি। + + +##সাক্ষাত্কার প্রক্রিয়া এবং সাধারণ সাক্ষাত্কার প্রস্তুতি + +
+<সুমারী> সাক্ষাত্কার প্রক্রিয়া এবং সাধারণ সাক্ষাত্কারের প্রস্তুতি + +-[] [এ বি সি: সর্বদা কোডিং থাকুন] (https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) +-[] [হোয়াইটবোর্ডিং] (https://medium.com/@dpup/ whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) +-[] [প্রোগ্রামিং সাক্ষাত্কারের সময় কার্যকর হোয়াইটবোর্ডিং] (http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/Effective-Witeboarding-during-programming-interviews/) +-[] [টেক রিক্রুটিং কে ক্ষমা করা] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +-[] কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কারটি ক্র্যাক করা 1: + -[] [গেইল এল ম্যাকডোয়েল-কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কারের ক্র্যাকিং (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + -[] [লেখক গেইল লাকম্যান ম্যাকডোভেল (ভিডিও) এর সাথে কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কার ক্র্যাক করা] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +-[] বিগ 4 এ কীভাবে চাকরী পাবেন? + -[] [বিগ 4 এ কীভাবে চাকরী পাবেন-অ্যামাজন, ফেসবুক, গুগল এবং মাইক্রোসফ্ট (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) + +-[] প্রস্তুতি কোর্স: + -[] [সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ার সাক্ষাত্কার প্রকাশিত (বেতনভুক্ত কোর্স)] (https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): + -একজন প্রাক্তন গুগল সাক্ষাত্কারকারীর থেকে কীভাবে নিজেকে সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ার সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য প্রস্তুত করবেন তা শিখুন। + -[] [ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার, অ্যালগরিদম এবং সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য পাইথন! (প্রদত্ত কোর্স)] (https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + -পাইথন কেন্দ্রিক সাক্ষাত্কার প্রস্তুতির কোর্সে ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার, অ্যালগরিদম, মক সাক্ষাত্কার এবং আরও অনেক কিছু রয়েছে। + -[] [পাইথন ব্যবহার করে ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং অ্যালগরিদমগুলিতে ইন্ট্রো! (উদাসীনতা মুক্ত কোর্স)] (https://www.udacity.com/cورس/data-structures-এবং-algorithms-in-python--ud513): + -একটি ফ্রি পাইথন কেন্দ্রিক ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং অ্যালগরিদম কোর্স। + -[] [ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং অ্যালগোরিদম ন্যানোডগ্রি! (উদাস্তিটি ন্যানোডগ্রি প্রদান করেছে)] (https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-এবং-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): + -100 টিরও বেশি ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং অ্যালগরিদম অনুশীলন এবং আপনাকে একটি সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য এবং কাজের সুযোগে দৃশ্যের জন্য আপনাকে প্রস্তুত করতে ডেডিকেটেড পরামর্শদাতার দিকনির্দেশ দিয়ে অনুশীলন পান। + +
+ +##সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য একটি ভাষা চয়ন করুন + +সাক্ষাত্কারের কোডিং অংশটি করতে আপনি স্বাচ্ছন্দ্যযুক্ত একটি ভাষা ব্যবহার করতে পারেন তবে বড় সংস্থাগুলির জন্য এগুলি কঠোর পছন্দ: + +-সি ++ +-জাভা +-পাইথন + +আপনি এগুলি ব্যবহার করতে পারেন তবে প্রথমে পড়তে পারেন। সতর্কতা থাকতে পারে: + +-জাভাস্ক্রিপ্ট +-রুবি + +এখানে একটি নিবন্ধটি আমি সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য একটি ভাষা বেছে নেওয়ার বিষয়ে লিখেছি: [কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য একটি ভাষা বেছে নিন] (https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-tod-কোডিং-ইন্টারভিউ /) + +আপনার ভাষায় খুব স্বাচ্ছন্দ্য বোধ করা এবং বুদ্ধিমান হওয়া দরকার। + +পছন্দ সম্পর্কে আরও পড়ুন: +-http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ +-http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ + +[ভাষার সংস্থানগুলি এখানে দেখুন] (প্রোগ্রামিং-ভাষা-সংস্করণ.এমডি) + +আপনি নীচে অন্তর্ভুক্ত কিছু সি, সি ++ এবং পাইথন শিখতে দেখবেন, কারণ আমি শিখছি। কয়েকটি বই জড়িত রয়েছে, নীচে দেখুন। + +##বইএর তালিকা + +আমি যা ব্যবহার করেছি তার চেয়ে এটি একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত তালিকা। এটি আপনার সময় বাঁচাতে সংক্ষেপে বর্ণিত। + +###সাক্ষাত্কার প্রস্তুতি + +-[] [প্রোগ্রামিং সাক্ষাত্কারগুলি উদ্ভাসিত হয়েছে: সাক্ষাত্কারের মাধ্যমে আপনার কোডের কোডিং, ৪ র্থ সংস্করণ] (https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-এক্সপোজড-থ্রু-ইন্টারভিউ / ডিপি / 111941847X/) + -সি ++ এবং জাভাতে উত্তর + -কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কার ক্র্যাক করার জন্য এটি একটি ভাল প্রস্তুতি + -খুব বেশি কঠিন নয়, বেশিরভাগ সমস্যাগুলি আপনি একটি সাক্ষাত্কারে যা দেখবেন তার চেয়ে সহজ হতে পারে (আমি যা পড়েছি তা থেকে) +-[] [কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কার ক্র্যাকিং, 6th ষ্ঠ সংস্করণ] (http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-প্রোগ্রামামিং / ডিপি/0984782850/) + -জাভা উত্তর + +
+আপনার যদি অতিরিক্ত পরিমাণে সময় থাকে তবে + +একটি নির্বাচন করুন: + +-[] [প্রোগ্রামিং সাক্ষাত্কারের উপাদানগুলি (সি ++ সংস্করণ)] (https://www.amazon.com/ উপাদানসমূহ-প্রোগ্রামিং-ইন্টারভিউগুলি-তথ্যদাতা-গুয়াইড / ডিপি / 1479274836) +-[] প্রোগ্রামিং সাক্ষাত্কারের উপাদানসমূহ (জাভা সংস্করণ) + -[বই] (https://www.amazon.com/ উপাদানসমূহ-প্রোগ্রামিং-ইন্টারভিউগুলি-জাভা-ইনসাইডার্স / ডিপি / 1517435803/) + -[কোম্পানির প্রকল্প-বইয়ের প্রতিটি সমস্যার জন্য পদ্ধতি স্টাব এবং টেস্ট কেস] (https://github.com/gardncl/eitions-of-programming-inviewview) + +
+ +###কম্পিউটার আর্কিটেকচার + +-[] [গ্রেট কোড লিখুন: খণ্ড ১: মেশিনটি বোঝা] (https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Unders સમજ-ম্যাচাইন / ডিপি / 1593270038) + -বইটি 2004 সালে প্রকাশিত হয়েছিল এবং এটি কিছুটা পুরানো হলেও সংক্ষেপে কম্পিউটার বোঝার জন্য এটি এক ভয়ঙ্কর উত্স। + -লেখক আবিষ্কার করেছেন [এইচএলএ] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/High_Level_As आशीर्वाद), তাই লবণের দানা দিয়ে এইচএলএ-তে উল্লেখ এবং উদাহরণ নিন। বিস্তৃতভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয় না, তবে সমাবেশটি কেমন লাগে তার শালীন উদাহরণ। + -এই অধ্যায়গুলি আপনাকে একটি সুন্দর ভিত্তি দেওয়ার জন্য মূল্যবান: +
+ ...... + + -দ্বিতীয় অধ্যায়-সংখ্যা উপস্থাপনা + -অধ্যায় 3-বাইনারি গাণিতিক এবং বিট অপারেশন + -অধ্যায় 4-ভাসমান-পয়েন্ট প্রতিনিধিত্ব + -অধ্যায় 5-চরিত্র উপস্থাপনা + -অধ্যায় 6-মেমরি সংস্থা এবং অ্যাক্সেস + -অধ্যায় 7-সম্মিলিত ডেটা টাইপ এবং মেমরি অবজেক্টস + -অধ্যায় 9-সিপিইউ আর্কিটেকচার + -অধ্যায় 10-নির্দেশ সেট আর্কিটেকচার + -অধ্যায় 11-মেমরি আর্কিটেকচার এবং সংস্থা + +
+ + +###ভাষা নির্দিষ্ট + +** আপনাকে সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য একটি ভাষা চয়ন করতে হবে (উপরে দেখুন) * ** + +ভাষা অনুসারে আমার প্রস্তাবনা এখানে রইল। আমার কাছে সমস্ত ভাষার জন্য সংস্থান নেই। আমি সংযোজন স্বাগত জানাই। + +আপনি যদি এর মধ্যে একটির মাধ্যমে পড়ে থাকেন তবে আপনার কোডিং সমস্যাগুলি শুরু করতে হবে এমন সমস্ত ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং অ্যালগরিদম জ্ঞান থাকা উচিত। +** আপনি যদি কোনও পর্যালোচনা না চান তবে আপনি এই প্রকল্পের সমস্ত ভিডিও বক্তৃতা ** এড়িয়ে যেতে পারেন। + +[অতিরিক্ত ভাষা-নির্দিষ্ট সংস্থানগুলি এখানে]] (প্রোগ্রামিং-ভাষাভাষা-উত্স.এমডি) + +###সি ++ + +
+সি ++ + +আমি এই দুটি পড়িনি, তবে সেডজেউইক দ্বারা তারা উচ্চ মানের এবং রচিত। সে দুর্দান্ত। + +-[] [সি ++ এ অ্যালগরিদম, অংশ 1-4: মূলসূত্র, ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার, বাছাই, অনুসন্ধান করা] (https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Partts-1-4-Fundamentals-কাঠামো / dp/0201350882/) +-[] [সি ++ পার্ট 5 এ অ্যালগরিদম: গ্রাফ অ্যালগরিদম] (https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) + +আপনার যদি সি ++ এর জন্য আরও ভাল প্রস্তাবনা থাকে তবে দয়া করে আমাকে জানান। একটি বিস্তৃত রিসোর্স খুঁজছি। + +
+ +###জাভা + +
+জাভা + +-[] [অ্যালগোরিদম (সেডজউইক এবং ওয়েইন)] (https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-রবার্ট-সেজজউইক / dp/032157351X/) + -পাঠ্যক্রমের বইয়ের সামগ্রী (এবং সেডজউইক!) সহ ভিডিও: + -[অ্যালগোরিদম আই] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + -[অ্যালগোরিদম II] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +বা: + +-[] [জাভাতে ডেটা স্ট্রাকচারস এবং অ্যালগরিদম] (https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-গুডরিচ/dp/1118771338/) + -গুডরিচ, তমাসিয়া, গোল্ডওয়াসার দ্বারা + -ইউসি বার্কলে সিএস ইন্ট্রো কোর্সের জন্য textচ্ছিক পাঠ্য হিসাবে ব্যবহৃত + -নীচে পাইথন সংস্করণে আমার বইয়ের প্রতিবেদনটি দেখুন। এই বইটিতে একই বিষয় রয়েছে। + +
+ +###পাইথন + +
+পাইথন + +-[] [পাইথনে ডেটা স্ট্রাকচারস এবং অ্যালগরিদম] (https://www.amazon.com/Structures-অ্যালগোরিদমস-পাইথন-মিশেল-গুডরিচ / ডিপি / 1118290275/) + -গুডরিচ, তমাসিয়া, গোল্ডওয়াসার দ্বারা + -আমি এই বই পছন্দ। এটি সব কিছুর আওতায় পড়ে। + -পাইথোনিক কোড + -আমার জ্বলজ্বল বইয়ের প্রতিবেদন: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-এবং-algorithms-in-python/ + +
+ + +##আপনি শুরু করার আগে + +এই তালিকাটি কয়েক মাস ধরে বেড়েছে, এবং হ্যাঁ, এটি একধরণের হাতছাড়া হয়ে যায়। + +এখানে আমি কিছু ভুল করেছি যাতে আপনার আরও ভাল অভিজ্ঞতা হয়। + +###1. আপনি সব মনে রাখবেন না + +আমি কয়েক ঘন্টা ভিডিও দেখেছি এবং প্রচুর নোট নিয়েছি এবং কয়েক মাস পরে এমন অনেক কিছুই ছিল যা আমি মনে করি না। আমি যেতে 3 দিন কাটিয়েছি +আমার নোটগুলি এবং ফ্ল্যাশকার্ডগুলি তৈরি করে যাতে আমি পর্যালোচনা করতে পারি। + +দয়া করে পড়ুন যাতে আপনি আমার ভুল করবেন না: + +[কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞান জ্ঞান পুনরুদ্ধার করা] (https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-s विज्ञान-জ্ঞান /) + +###2. ফ্ল্যাশকার্ড ব্যবহার করুন + +সমস্যা সমাধানের জন্য, আমি একটি সামান্য ফ্ল্যাশকার্ডস সাইট তৈরি করেছি যেখানে আমি 2 ধরণের ফ্ল্যাশকার্ড যুক্ত করতে পারি: সাধারণ এবং কোড। +প্রতিটি কার্ডের আলাদা বিন্যাস রয়েছে। + +আমি একটি মোবাইল প্রথম ওয়েবসাইট তৈরি করেছি যাতে আমি যেখানেই থাকি না কেন আমার ফোন এবং ট্যাবলেটে পর্যালোচনা করতে পারি। + +বিনামূল্যে নিজের তৈরি করুন: + +-[ফ্ল্যাশকার্ডস সাইটের রেপো] (https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) +-[আমার ফ্ল্যাশ কার্ডের ডাটাবেস (পুরাতন-1200 কার্ড)] (https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +-[আমার ফ্ল্যাশ কার্ডের ডাটাবেস (নতুন-1800 কার্ড)] (https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): + +মনে রাখবেন আমি ওভারবোর্ডে গিয়েছিলাম এবং সমাবেশগুলির ভাষা এবং পাইথন ট্রিভিয়া থেকে শুরু করে মেশিন লার্নিং এবং পরিসংখ্যানের সমস্ত কিছুর জন্য কার্ড রয়েছে। যা প্রয়োজন তার জন্য এটি অনেক বেশি। + +** ফ্ল্যাশকার্ডগুলিতে দ্রষ্টব্য: ** আপনি যখন প্রথমবার উত্তরটি জানেন তখন তা চিহ্নিত হিসাবে চিহ্নিত করবেন না। আপনাকে দেখতে হবে +একই কার্ড এবং এটি জেনে রাখার আগে বেশ কয়েকবার সঠিক উত্তর দিন। পুনরাবৃত্তি সেই জ্ঞানকে আরও গভীর করে দেবে +আপনার মস্তিষ্ক. + +আমার ফ্ল্যাশকার্ড সাইটটি ব্যবহার করার বিকল্প হ'ল [আনকি] (http://ankisrs.net/), যা আমার কাছে বহুবার প্রস্তাবিত হয়েছিল। এটি আপনাকে মনে রাখতে সহায়তা করার জন্য একটি পুনরাবৃত্তি সিস্টেম ব্যবহার করে। +এটি ব্যবহারকারী-বান্ধব, সমস্ত প্ল্যাটফর্মে উপলব্ধ এবং একটি ক্লাউড সিঙ্ক সিস্টেম রয়েছে। আইওএসে এটির দাম 25 ডলার তবে অন্যান্য প্ল্যাটফর্মগুলিতে বিনামূল্যে। + +আনকি ফর্ম্যাটে আমার ফ্ল্যাশকার্ড ডাটাবেস: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (ধন্যবাদ [@ এক্সভিউনিয়া] (https://github.com/xiewenya)) + +###3. পর্যালোচনা, পর্যালোচনা, পর্যালোচনা + +আমি ASCII, ওএসআই স্ট্যাক, বিগ-ও স্বরলিপিগুলি এবং আরও অনেক কিছুতে চিট শীটের একটি সেট রাখি। আমার কিছুটা বাজে সময় পেলে আমি সেগুলি অধ্যয়ন করি। + +আধা ঘন্টার জন্য প্রোগ্রামিং সমস্যা থেকে বিরতি নিন এবং আপনার ফ্ল্যাশকার্ডগুলি দিয়ে যান। + +###4. ফোকাস করুন + +অনেকগুলি বিভ্রান্তি রয়েছে যা মূল্যবান সময় নিতে পারে। ফোকাস এবং ঘনত্ব শক্ত। + +##আপনি কি কভার দেখতে পাবেন না + +এগুলি প্রচলিত প্রযুক্তি তবে এই অধ্যয়ন পরিকল্পনার অংশ নয়: + +-এসকিউএল +-জাভাস্ক্রিপ্ট +-এইচটিএমএল, সিএসএস এবং অন্যান্য ফ্রন্ট-এন্ড প্রযুক্তি + +##দৈনিক পরিকল্পনা + +কিছু বিষয় একদিন নেয়, এবং কিছুতে একাধিক দিন সময় লাগবে। কিছু বাস্তবায়নের কিছুই না দিয়ে কেবল শিখছে। + +প্রতিদিন আমি নীচের তালিকা থেকে একটি বিষয় নিয়ে যাই, সেই বিষয় সম্পর্কে ভিডিও দেখি এবং একটি বাস্তবায়ন এখানে লিখি: +-সি-স্ট্রাকস এবং ফাংশনগুলি ব্যবহার করে যা স্ট্রাক * এবং আরজ হিসাবে অন্য কোনও কিছু নেয়। +-সি ++-অন্তর্নির্মিত প্রকারগুলি ব্যবহার না করে +-সি ++-অন্তর্নির্মিত প্রকারগুলি যেমন STL এর std :: লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকার জন্য তালিকা ব্যবহার করে +-পাইথন-অন্তর্নির্মিত প্রকারগুলি (পাইথনের অনুশীলন চালিয়ে যেতে) ব্যবহার করে +-এবং আমি এটি সঠিকভাবে করছি তা নিশ্চিত করার জন্য পরীক্ষাগুলি লিখুন, কখনও কখনও কেবল সাধারণ দাবী () বিবৃতি ব্যবহার করে +-আপনি জাভা বা অন্য কিছু করতে পারেন, এটি কেবল আমার জিনিস। + +আপনার এসবের দরকার নেই। আপনার কেবলমাত্র [সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য একটি ভাষা] প্রয়োজন (#সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য এক-ভাষা বেছে নিন)। + +এই সবগুলিতে কোড কেন? +-অনুশীলন করুন, অনুশীলন করুন, অনুশীলন করুন, যতক্ষণ না আমি এতে অসুস্থ না হয়ে থাকি এবং কোনও সমস্যা ছাড়াই এটি করতে পারি (কারও কারও কাছে অনেক প্রান্তের কেস এবং স্মরণে রাখার জন্য বইয়ের বিবরণ রয়েছে) +-কাঁচা সীমাবদ্ধতার মধ্যে কাজ করুন (আবর্জনা সংগ্রহের সহায়তা ছাড়াই মেমরি বরাদ্দ / মুক্তকরণ (পাইথন বা জাভা বাদে)) +-অন্তর্নির্মিত ধরণের ব্যবহার করুন যাতে বাস্তব-বিশ্বের ব্যবহারের জন্য অন্তর্নির্মিত সরঞ্জামগুলি ব্যবহার করার অভিজ্ঞতা আমার রয়েছে (উত্পাদনে আমার নিজের লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকার প্রয়োগটি লিখতে যাবেন না) + +আমার প্রতিটি বিষয়ের জন্য এগুলি করার জন্য সময় নাও থাকতে পারে তবে আমি চেষ্টা করব। + +আপনি আমার কোডটি এখানে দেখতে পারেন: +-[সি] (https://github.com/jwasham/pੈਕਟ-c) +-[সি ++] (https://github.com/jwasham/pੈਕਟ-cpp) +-[পাইথন] (https://github.com/jwasham/pੈਕਟ-python) + +আপনার প্রতিটি অ্যালগরিদমের সাহস মুখস্থ করার দরকার নেই। + +হোয়াইটবোর্ড বা কাগজে কোড লিখুন, কম্পিউটার নয়। কিছু নমুনা ইনপুট দিয়ে পরীক্ষা করুন। তারপরে এটি কম্পিউটারে পরীক্ষা করে দেখুন। + +##পূর্বশর্ত জ্ঞান + +
+<সংশ্লেষ> পূর্বশর্ত জ্ঞান << সংক্ষিপ্ত> + +-[] ** সি ** শিখুন + -সি সর্বত্র আছে। আপনি অধ্যয়নরত অবস্থায় আপনি বই, বক্তৃতা, ভিডিও, * সর্বত্র * এর উদাহরণ দেখতে পাবেন। + -[] [সি প্রোগ্রামিং ল্যাঙ্গুয়েজ, খণ্ড ২] (https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-ব্রায়ান-ডব্লিউ-কর্নিগান/dp/0131103628) + -এটি একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত বই, তবে এটি আপনাকে সি ভাষায় দুর্দান্ত হ্যান্ডেল দেবে এবং যদি আপনি এটি কিছুটা অনুশীলন করেন + আপনি দ্রুত দক্ষ হয়ে উঠবেন। সি বোঝা আপনাকে প্রোগ্রাম এবং মেমরি কীভাবে কাজ করে তা বুঝতে সহায়তা করে। + -[প্রশ্নের উত্তর] (https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) + +-[] ** কম্পিউটার কীভাবে কোনও প্রোগ্রাম প্রক্রিয়া করে: ** + -[] [সিপিইউ কীভাবে একটি প্রোগ্রাম (ভিডিও) চালায়]] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + -[] [কম্পিউটারগুলি কীভাবে গণনা করে-ALU (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + -[] [নিবন্ধসমূহ এবং র‌্যাম (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + -[] [সেন্ট্রাল প্রসেসিং ইউনিট (সিপিইউ) (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + -[] [নির্দেশাবলী এবং প্রোগ্রামগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) + +
+ +##অ্যালগরিদমিক জটিলতা / বিগ-ও / অ্যাসিপোটিক বিশ্লেষণ + +
+<স্যুমারী> অ্যালগরিদমিক জটিলতা / বিগ-ও / অ্যাসিপটোটিক বিশ্লেষণ + +-বাস্তবায়নের কিছুই নেই +-এখানে প্রচুর ভিডিও রয়েছে। যতক্ষণ না আপনি এটি বুঝতে পারছেন ঠিক ততক্ষণ দেখুন। আপনি সর্বদা ফিরে এসে পর্যালোচনা করতে পারেন। +-কিছু বক্তৃতা যদি খুব ম্যাথিক হয় তবে আপনি ব্যাকগ্রাউন্ডের জ্ঞান পেতে নীচে নেমে গিয়ে আলাদা গণিতের ভিডিওগুলি দেখতে পারেন। +-[] [হার্ভার্ড সিএস 50-অ্যাসিপটোটিক নোটেশন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +-[] [বিগ হে নোটেশনস (সাধারণ দ্রুত টিউটোরিয়াল) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +-[] [বিগ ও স্বরলিপি (এবং ওমেগা এবং থিতা)-সর্বোত্তম গাণিতিক ব্যাখ্যা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +-[] স্কিয়েনা: + -[ভিডিও] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + -[স্লাইডস] (http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) +-[] [অ্যালগরিদম জটিলতা বিশ্লেষণের একটি নম্র ভূমিকা] (http://discrete.gr/complexity/) +-[] [বৃদ্ধির অর্ডার (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/orders-of-growth-6PKkX) +-[] [অ্যাসিপটোটিকস (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-চিন্তাধারার-1/asyptics-bXAtM) +-[] [ইউসি বার্কলে বিগ ও (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +-[] [ইউসি বার্কলে বিগ ওমেগা (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_ca3e7UVmeUc) +-[] [ইমোরটাইজড অ্যানালাইসিস (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +-[] [চিত্রিত "বিগ ও" (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/illustrating-big-o-YVqzv) +-[] টপকোডার (পুনরাবৃত্ত সম্পর্ক এবং মাস্টার উপপাদ্য অন্তর্ভুক্ত): + -[গণনামূলক জটিলতা: বিভাগ 1] (https://www.topcoder.com/commune/competitive-pramramming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + -[গণনামূলক জটিলতা: বিভাগ 2] (https://www.topcoder.com / সম্প্রদায় / কমপিটিটিভ-প্রোগ্রামিং / টিউটোরিয়ালস / কমপিটেশনাল-কমপ্লিকটি-সেকশন ২/২) +-[] [চিট শিট] (http://bigocheatsheet.com/) + + +
+ +##ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার + +
+<সংশ্লেটি> ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার + +-###অ্যারে + -একটি স্বয়ংক্রিয় আকার পরিবর্তনকারী ভেক্টর প্রয়োগ করুন। + -[] বিবরণ: + -[অ্যারে (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/ নির্বাচন //sBSF/arrays) + -[ইউসি বার্কলে সিএস 61 বি-লিনিয়ার এবং মাল্টি-ডিম অ্যারে (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (15m 32s থেকে দেখা শুরু করুন) + -[বেসিক অ্যারে (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_04-basicArrays.mp4) + -[একাধিক ম্লান (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/0102What youShouldKnow/02_05-মাল্টিডিমাইশনাল অ্যারাই.এমপি 4) + -[ডাইনামিক অ্যারে (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) + -[জেগড অ্যারে (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + -[জেগড অ্যারে (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_06-জ্যাজডআরাই.আরএম 4) + -[পুনরায় আকার দেওয়ার অ্যারে (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/03_01-resizableArrays.mp4) + -[] একটি ভেক্টর প্রয়োগ করুন (স্বয়ংক্রিয় আকার পুনরায় আকারের সাথে পরিবর্তনীয় অ্যারে): + -[] অ্যারে এবং পয়েন্টার ব্যবহার করে কোডিং অনুশীলন করুন, এবং সূচক ব্যবহারের পরিবর্তে সূচীতে ঝাঁপ দেওয়ার জন্য পয়েন্টার ম্যাথ th + -[] বরাদ্দ মেমরি সহ নতুন কাঁচা ডেটা অ্যারে + -হুডের অধীনে ইন অ্যারে বরাদ্দ করতে পারে, কেবল তার বৈশিষ্ট্যগুলি ব্যবহার করবেন না + -16 দিয়ে শুরু করুন, বা যদি শুরুর সংখ্যাটি বেশি হয় তবে 2-16, 32, 64, 128 এর শক্তি ব্যবহার করুন + -[] আকার ()-আইটেমের সংখ্যা + -[] ক্ষমতা ()-এটি ধরে রাখতে পারে এমন আইটেমের সংখ্যা + -[ ] খালি() + -[] এ (সূচক)-প্রদত্ত সূচকে আইটেমটি ফেরত দেয়, সূচক সীমা ছাড়িয়ে গেলে ফুটিয়ে উঠে + -[] ধাক্কা (আইটেম) + -[] সন্নিবেশ (সূচক, আইটেম)-সূচীতে আইটেম সন্নিবেশ করায়, সূচকের মান এবং পিছনের উপাদানগুলি ডানদিকে সরিয়ে দেয় + -[] প্রিপেন্ড (আইটেম)-উপরে সূচক 0 এ সন্নিবেশ ব্যবহার করতে পারেন + -[] পপ ()-শেষ থেকে সরান, ফেরতের মান + -[] মুছুন (সূচী)-সূচি অনুসারে আইটেম মুছুন, সমস্ত অনুবর্তনীয় উপাদান বাম দিকে সরিয়ে + -[] সরান (আইটেম)-মান সন্ধান করে এবং এটি ধরে রাখা সূচকটি সরিয়ে দেয় (এমনকি একাধিক জায়গায় থাকলেও) + -[] সন্ধান করুন (আইটেম)-মানটির সন্ধান করে এবং সেই মানটির সাথে প্রথম সূচকটি প্রদান করে,-১ পাওয়া না গেলে + -[] পুনরায় আকার দিন (নতুন_ক্ষমতা) // ব্যক্তিগত ফাংশন + -যখন আপনি সক্ষমতা পৌঁছেছেন, আকার দ্বিগুণ করার জন্য পুনরায় আকার দিন + -কোনও আইটেমটি পপ করার সময়, আকারটি যদি 1/4 ধারণক্ষমতা হয় তবে আকারটি অর্ধেক করুন + -[] সময় + -ও (1) শেষে অন্তর্ভুক্ত / অপসারণ (আরও স্থানের জন্য বরাদ্দের জন্য সূক্ষ্ম), সূচক বা আপডেট + -ও (এন) অন্যত্র সন্নিবেশ / অপসারণ করতে + -[] স্পেস + -স্মৃতিতে সামঞ্জস্যপূর্ণ তাই নৈকট্য পারফরম্যান্সে সহায়তা করে + -স্থান প্রয়োজন = (অ্যারে ক্ষমতা, যা> = এন) * আইটেমের আকার, তবে 2n হলেও এখনও হে (এন) + +-###লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকাগুলি + -[] বিবরণ: + -[] [একক লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকাগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) + -[] [সিএস 61 বি-লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকাগুলি 1 (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + -[] সিএস 61 বি-লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকাগুলি 2 (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + -[] [সি কোড (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) + -পুরো ভিডিও নয়, নোড স্ট্রাক্ট এবং মেমরির বরাদ্দ সম্পর্কে কেবল অংশ। + -[] লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকা বনাম অ্যারে: + -[কোর লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকা বনাম অ্যারেগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) + -[রিয়েল ওয়ার্ল্ডের লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকায় বনাম অ্যারেগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) + -[] [কেন আপনার লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকাগুলি (ভিডিও) এড়ানো উচিত]] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + -[] গোটচা: আপনার পয়েন্টার জ্ঞানের জন্য পয়েন্টার প্রয়োজন: + (আপনি যখন কোনও ফাংশনটিতে কোনও পয়েন্টার পাস করেন যা ঠিকানা পরিবর্তন করতে পারে যেখানে সেই পয়েন্টারটি নির্দেশ করে) + এই পৃষ্ঠাটি কেবল পিটিআর থেকে পিটিআর এ উপলব্ধি পেতে। আমি এই তালিকাটি ট্র্যাভার্সাল স্টাইলের প্রস্তাব দিই না। পড়ার যোগ্যতা এবং রক্ষণাবেক্ষণযোগ্যতা চতুরতার কারণে ভোগে। + -[পয়েন্টারগুলিতে নির্দেশক] (https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) + -[] বাস্তবায়ন করুন (আমি টেইল পয়েন্টার দিয়ে ও ছাড়াই করেছি): + -[] আকার ()-তালিকায় ডাটা উপাদানগুলির সংখ্যা প্রদান করে + -[] খালি ()-শূন্য হলে বুল সত্য দেয় + -[] মান_আট (সূচক)-নবম আইটেমটির মান প্রদান করে (প্রথমটির জন্য 0 থেকে শুরু করে) + -[] পুশ_ফ্রন্ট (মান)-তালিকার সামনের অংশে একটি আইটেম যুক্ত করে + -[] পপ_ফ্রন্ট ()-সামনের আইটেমটি সরিয়ে তার মানটি ফিরিয়ে দিন + -[] পুশ_ব্যাক (মান)-শেষে একটি আইটেম যুক্ত করে + -[] পপ_ব্যাক ()-শেষ আইটেমটি সরিয়ে দেয় এবং এর মান প্রদান করে + -[] সামনের ()-সামনের আইটেমটির মান পান + -[] ফিরে ()-শেষ আইটেমটির মান পান + -[] সন্নিবেশ (সূচক, মান)-সূচকে মূল্য সন্নিবেশ করানো হয়, সুতরাং সেই সূচীতে বর্তমান আইটেমটি সূচীতে নতুন আইটেম দ্বারা নির্দেশিত + -[] মুছুন (সূচক)-প্রদত্ত সূচকে নোড সরান s + -[] মান_ন_ফ্রম_েন্ড (এন)-তালিকার শেষে থেকে নবম অবস্থানে নোডের মান প্রদান করে + -[] বিপরীত ()-তালিকার বিপরীতে + -[] সরান_মূল্য (মান)-এই মান সহ তালিকার প্রথম আইটেমটি সরিয়ে দেয় + -[] দ্বিগুণভাবে সংযুক্ত তালিকা + -[বিবরণ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) + -বাস্তবায়নের দরকার নেই + +-###স্ট্যাক + -[] [স্ট্যাকস (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + -[] [সর্বশেষে প্রথম-আউট স্ট্যাকগুলি ব্যবহার করে (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_01-Stacks forLast-inFirst-out.mp4) + -[]] বাস্তবায়ন করবে না। অ্যারের সাথে প্রয়োগ করা তুচ্ছ। + +-###কিউ + -[] [প্রথম সারিতে প্রথম সারিতে ক্যু ব্যবহার করে (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_03-usingQueuesForFirst-inFirst-out.mp4) + -[] [সারি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) + -[] [বিজ্ঞপ্তি বাফার / ফিফো] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + -[] [অগ্রাধিকারের সারি (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnav/05_04-priorityQueuesAndDeques.mp4) + -[] লেজ পয়েন্টার সহ লিঙ্কযুক্ত-তালিকা ব্যবহার করে প্রয়োগ করুন: + -এনকুই (মান)-লেজের স্থানে মান যোগ করে + -ডেকিউ ()-মান ফেরত দেয় এবং সর্বশেষে যুক্ত হওয়া উপাদান (সামনে) সরিয়ে দেয় + -খালি () + -[] স্থির আকারের অ্যারে ব্যবহার করে প্রয়োগ করুন: + -এনকুই (মান)-উপলব্ধ স্টোরেজ শেষে আইটেম যুক্ত করে + -ডেকিউ ()-মান প্রদান করে এবং সম্প্রতি যুক্ত হওয়া উপাদানকে সরিয়ে দেয় + -খালি () + -সম্পূর্ণ() + -[] খরচ: + -লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকার সাহায্যে একটি খারাপ বাস্তবায়ন যেখানে আপনি মাথার দিকে tailুকিয়ে রাখুন এবং লেজটিতে শেরোনামটি হবে O (n) + কারণ আপনার শেষ উপাদানটির পরেরটি দরকার, প্রতিটি ডেকিউকে পুরো ট্র্যাভারসাল সৃষ্টি করে + -এনকুই: ও (1) (সূচিত, লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকা এবং অ্যারে [প্রোবিং]) + -প্রামাণ্য: ও (1) (লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকা এবং অ্যারে) + -খালি: O (1) (লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকা এবং অ্যারে) + +-###হ্যাশ টেবিল + -[] ভিডিওগুলি: + -[] [চেইনিংয়ের সাথে হ্যাশিং (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + -[] [সারণী দ্বিগুণ, কার্প-রবিন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + -[] [ঠিকানা খুলুন, ক্রিপ্টোগ্রাফিক হ্যাশিং (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + -[] [পাইকন ২০১০: দ্য মাইটি ডিকশনারী (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + -[] [(উন্নত) র্যান্ডমাইজেশন: ইউনিভার্সাল এবং পারফেক্ট হ্যাশিং (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + -[] [(উন্নত) পারফেক্ট হ্যাশিং (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEWKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + + -[] অনলাইন কোর্স: + -[] [হ্যাশ ফাংশনগুলি বোঝার (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_02-বোঝা হ্যাশফুনেশন.এমপি 4) + -[] [হ্যাশ টেবিলগুলি (ভিডিও) ব্যবহার করে] (https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_03-USHashTables.mp4) + -[] [হ্যাশিং (ভিডিও) সমর্থন করে] (https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_04-SupportingHashing.mp4) + -[] [ভাষা সমর্থন হ্যাশ টেবিলগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_05-languageSupportForHashTables.mp4) + -[] [কোর হ্যাশ টেবিল (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) + -[] [ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) + -[] [ফোন বুক সমস্যা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/ নির্বাচন / NYZZP/ iPhone-book-সমস্যা) + -[] হ্যাশ টেবিল বিতরণ: + -[ড্রপবক্সে তাত্ক্ষণিক আপলোড এবং স্টোরেজ অপ্টিমাইজেশন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-stores-optimization-in-rodbox) + -[বিতরণ করা হ্যাশ টেবিলগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributes-hash-tables) + + -[] লিনিয়ার প্রোব ব্যবহার করে অ্যারে প্রয়োগ করুন + -হ্যাশ (কে, মি)-মি হ্যাশ টেবিলের আকার + -যোগ করুন (কী, মান)-কীটি ইতিমধ্যে উপস্থিত থাকলে মান আপডেট করুন + -বিদ্যমান (কী) + -পান (কী) + -সরান (কী) + +
+ +##আরও জ্ঞান + +
+আরও জ্ঞান << সংক্ষিপ্ত> + +-###বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান + -[] [বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) + -[] [বাইনারি সন্ধান (ভিডিও)] (https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + -[] [বিস্তারিত] (https://www.topcoder.com/commune/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + -[] বাস্তবায়ন: + -বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান (পূর্ণসংখ্যার সাজানো অ্যারেতে) + -পুনরাবৃত্তি ব্যবহার করে বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান + +-###বিটওয়াস অপারেশন + -[] [বিটস চিট শিট] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bit-cheat-sheet.pdf)-আপনার অনেকগুলি জানা উচিত 2 এর ক্ষমতা (2 ^ 1 থেকে 2 ^ 16 এবং 2 ^ 32) + -[] এর সাথে বিটগুলি ম্যানিপুলেটেড সম্পর্কে সত্যই উপলব্ধি পান: &, |, ^, ~, >> >> << + -[] [শব্দ] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/Word_ (কম্পিউটার_আরকিটেকচার)) + -[] ভাল পরিচয়: + [বিট ম্যানিপুলেশন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) + -[] [সি প্রোগ্রামিং টিউটোরিয়াল 2-10: বিটওয়াস অপারেটর (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) + -[] [বিট ম্যানিপুলেশন] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) + -[] [বিটওয়াইজ অপারেশন] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/ বিটওয়াইজ_অপারেশন) + -[] [বিথ্যাকস] (https://ographicics.stanford.edu/~seender/bithacks.html) + -[] [বিট টুইডলার] (https://bit.stephan-brumme.com/) + -[] [বিট টুইডলার ইন্টারেক্টিভ] (https://bit.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + -[] 2 এস এবং 1 এস পরিপূরক + -[বাইনারি: প্লাসসেস এবং মিনিনস (কেন আমরা দু'জনের কমপ্লিমেন্ট ব্যবহার করি) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) + -[১ এস পরিপূরক] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) + -[2 এস পরিপূরক] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) + -[] সেট বিট গণনা করুন + -[বাইট (ভিডিও) এ বিট গণনা করার 4 টি উপায়] (https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + -[বিট গণনা করুন) (https://ographicics.stanford.edu/~seender/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) + -[32 বিট পূর্ণসংখ্যায় সেট বিটের সংখ্যা কীভাবে গণনা করবেন] (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-િટ-in-a-32-বিট-পূর্ণসংখ্যা) + -[] পরের পাওয়ার 2 এর রাউন্ড: + -[দু'জনের পরের শক্তিতে রাউন্ড আপ] (https://bit.stephan-brumme.com/roundUpToNextPowerOfTwo.html) + -[[] অদলবদল মান: + -[অদলবদল (https://bit.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + -[] নিখুঁত মান: + -[নিখুঁত পূর্ণসংখ্যার] (https://bit.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) + +
+ +##গাছ + +
+গাছ + +-###গাছ-নোট ও পটভূমি + -[] [সিরিজ: গাছ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/ নির্বাচন / 95qda/trees) + -মৌলিক গাছ নির্মাণ + -traversal + -ম্যানিপুলেশন আলগোরিদিম + -[] [বিএফএস (প্রস্থের প্রথম সন্ধান) এবং ডিএফএস (গভীরতা-প্রথম অনুসন্ধান) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) + -বিএফএস নোট: + -স্তর আদেশ (বিএফএস, সারি ব্যবহার করে) + -সময়ের জটিলতা: ও (এন) + -স্থান জটিলতা: সেরা: O (1), সবচেয়ে খারাপ: O (n / 2) = O (n) + -ডিএফএস নোট: + -সময়ের জটিলতা: ও (এন) + -স্থান জটিলতা: + সেরা: ও (লগ এন)-গড়। গাছের উচ্চতা + সবচেয়ে খারাপ: ও (এন) + -অর্ডার (ডিএফএস: বাম, স্ব, ডান) + -পোস্টর্ডার (ডিএফএস: বাম, ডান, স্ব) + -প্রির্ডার (ডিএফএস: স্ব, বাম, ডান) + +-###বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান গাছ: বিএসটি + -[] [বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান বৃক্ষ পর্যালোচনা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + -[] [সিরিজ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-intr پيداوار-to-binary-search-trees) + -প্রতীক টেবিল দিয়ে শুরু হয় এবং বিএসটি অ্যাপ্লিকেশনগুলির মধ্য দিয়ে যায় + -[] [পরিচিতি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/intr پيداوار) + -[] [এমআইটি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + -সি / সি ++: + -[] [বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান ট্রি-সি / সি ++ (ভিডিও) তে বাস্তবায়ন]] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) + -[] [বিএসটি বাস্তবায়ন-স্ট্যাক এবং হিপ (ভিডিও) এ মেমরি বরাদ্দ] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) + -[] [একটি বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান গাছে নূন্যতম এবং সর্বাধিক উপাদান সন্ধান করুন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + -[] [একটি বাইনারি গাছের উচ্চতার সন্ধান করুন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) + -[] [বাইনারি ট্রি ট্রভারসাল-প্রস্থ এবং প্রথম গভীরতার প্রথম কৌশলগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) + -[] [বাইনারি ট্রি: লেভেল অর্ডার ট্র্যাভারসাল (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + -[] [বাইনারি ট্রি ট্র্যাভারসাল: প্রির্ডার, অর্ডার, পোস্টর্ডার (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + -[] [একটি বাইনারি গাছ বাইনারি অনুসন্ধানের গাছ কিনা (ভিডিও) তা পরীক্ষা করুন] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + -[] [বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান ট্রি (ভিডিও) থেকে একটি নোড মুছুন] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) + -[] [একটি বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান গাছের ইনঅর্ডার উত্তরসূরি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + -[] বাস্তবায়ন: + -[] সন্নিবেশ করুন // গাছে মান সন্নিবেশ করান + -[] get_node_count // সঞ্চিত মানের গণনা পান + -[] মুদ্রণ_মূল্য // গাছের মানগুলি ন্যূনতম থেকে সর্বোচ্চ পর্যন্ত মুদ্রণ করে + -[] মোছা_ট্রি + -[[] is_in_tree // টি দেওয়া যদি গাছটিতে থাকে তবে তা সত্য হয় returns + -[] get_height // নোডগুলিতে উচ্চতা ফেরায় (একক নোডের উচ্চতা 1) + -[] get_min // গাছে সঞ্চিত সর্বনিম্ন মান প্রদান করে + -[] get_max // গাছের মধ্যে সঞ্চিত সর্বোচ্চ মান প্রদান করে returns + -[] হ'ল_বাইনারি_সার্ক_ট্রি + -[] মুছুন_মূল্য + -[] get_successor // প্রদত্ত মানের পরে গাছের পরবর্তী-সর্বোচ্চ মান প্রদান করে,-1 না হলে + +-###গাদা / অগ্রাধিকার সারি / বাইনারি হিপ + -গাছ হিসাবে ভিজ্যুয়ালাইজড, তবে সাধারণত সঞ্চয়স্থানে লিনিয়ার থাকে (অ্যারে, লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকা) + -[] [গাদা] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/Heap_ (ডেটা_ স্ট্রাস্ট্রাকচার)) + -[] [ভূমিকা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/ নির্বাচন / 2 অপ্টস / সিন্ট্রোকশন) + -[] [নিষ্পাপ বাস্তবায়ন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-বাস্তবায়ন) + -[] [বাইনারি ট্রি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/ নির্বাচন / জিআরভি 2 কিউ / বাইনারি-গাছগুলি) + -[] [গাছের উচ্চতা মন্তব্য (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) + -[] [বেসিক অপারেশনস (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operation) + -[] [সম্পূর্ণ বাইনারি গাছগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/ কমপ্লিট-বাইনারি-ট্রিগুলি) + -[] [সিউডোকোড (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/ ਚੋਣ / HxQo9/pseudocode) + -[] [স্তূপের বাছাই-শুরু করতে লাফিয়ে লাফালাফি (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + -[] [গাদা সাজান (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) + -[] [একটি হিপ তৈরি করা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) + -[] [এমআইটি: হিপস এবং হিপ সাজান (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + -[] [সিএস 61 বি লেকচার 24: অগ্রাধিকার ক্যু (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) + -[] [লিনিয়ার টাইম বিল্ডহীপ (সর্বাধিক হিপ)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + -[] একটি সর্বোচ্চ গাদা প্রয়োগ করুন: + -[] sertোকান + -[] সিফ্ট_আপ-.োকানোর জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় + -[] get_max-সর্বাধিক আইটেমটি এটি সরিয়ে না দিয়ে ফিরিয়ে দেয় + -[] get_size ()-সঞ্চিত উপাদানগুলির ফিরতি সংখ্যা + -[] is_empty ()-গাদাতে কোনও উপাদান না থাকলে সত্য প্রত্যাবর্তন করে + -[] extract_max-সরিয়ে সর্বাধিক আইটেমটি দেয় + -[] সিফ্ট ডাউন-এক্সট্র্যাক্ট_ম্যাক্সের জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় needed + -[] সরান (i)-এক্স এক্স এ আইটেম সরান + -[] হিপিফাই-হিপ_সোর্টের জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় উপাদানের একটি অ্যারে থেকে একটি গাদা তৈরি করুন + -[] হিপ_সোর্ট ()-একটি অরসেটেড অ্যারে নিয়ে যান এবং সর্বাধিক হিপ ব্যবহার করে এটিকে স্থানে সাজানো অ্যারেতে পরিণত করুন + -দ্রষ্টব্য: পরিবর্তে একটি মিনিটের গাদা ব্যবহার করা অপারেশনগুলি সাশ্রয় করতে পারে, তবে প্রয়োজনীয় জায়গার দ্বিগুণ (স্থানে করতে পারে না)। + +
+ +##শ্রেণীবিভাজন + +
+বাছাইকরণ + +-[ ] নোট: + -প্রকারভেদ প্রয়োগ করুন এবং সর্বোত্তম কেস / নিকৃষ্টতম কেস, প্রত্যেকের গড় জটিলতা জানেন: + -কোনও বুদ্বুদ বাছাই নয়-এটি ভয়ানক-হে (n ^ 2), যখন এন <= 16 বাদে + -[] অ্যালগরিদম বাছাইয়ের স্থায়িত্ব ("কুইকসোর্ট স্থিতিশীল?") + -[অ্যালগোরিদম স্থিতিশীলতা বাছাই করা হচ্ছে) (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) + -[অ্যালগরিদমগুলি বাছাইয়ে স্থিতিশীলতা] (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) + -[অ্যালগোরিদম বাছাইয়ে স্থায়িত্ব] (http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) + -[অ্যালগরিদম বাছাই-স্থিতিশীলতা] (http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) + -[] লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকায় কোন অ্যালগরিদম ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে? অ্যারেতে কোনটি? উভয় উপর? + -আমি একটি লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকা বাছাইয়ের প্রস্তাব দেব না, তবে মার্জ সারণি করণীয়। + -[লিঙ্কযুক্ত তালিকার জন্য বাছাই করুন মার্জ করুন] (http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ নিমেষে-অনুসারে-লিঙ্কড-তালিকা /) + +-হিপসোর্টের জন্য, উপরে হ্যাপের ডেটা কাঠামোটি দেখুন। হিপ সাজানো দুর্দান্ত তবে স্থিতিশীল নয়। + +-[] [সেডজউইক-মার্জেসোর্ট (৫ টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + -[] [১। Mergesort] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort) + -[] [২। নীচে আপ মার্জেস্টর্ট] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-ستمsort) + -[] [3। জটিলতা বাছাই করা] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/xAltF/sorting-complexity) + -[] [৪। Comparators] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/9FYhS/comparators) + -[] [৫। স্টেবিলিটি] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) + +-[] [সেডজউইক-কুইকোর্ট (4 টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + -[] [১। Quicksort] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/vjvnC/quicksort) + -[] [২। নির্বাচন] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/UQxFT/selection) + -[] [3। সদৃশ কী]] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/XvjPd/d નકલate-keys) + -[] [৪। সিস্টেম সাজস] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/QBNZ7/system-sorts) + +-[] ইউসি বার্কলে: + -[] [সিএস 61 বি লেকচার 29: আই বাছাই করা (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) + -[] [সিএস 61 বি লেকচার 30: বাছাই II (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) + -[] [সিএস 61 বি লেকচার 32: বাছাই III (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) + -[] [সিএস 61 বি লেকচার 33: বাছাই করা ভি (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) + +-[] [বাবল সাজান (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +-[] [বুদ্বুদ সাজানোর (ভিডিও) বিশ্লেষণ]] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +-[] [সন্নিবেশ বাছাই, মার্জ করুন বাছাই (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) +-[] [সন্নিবেশ অনুসারে বাছাই করুন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +-[] [বাছাই করুন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +-[] [কুইকসোর্ট (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +-[] [বাছাই বাছাই (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) + +-[] সাজানোর কোডটি মার্জ করুন: + -[] [আউটপুট অ্যারে (সি) ব্যবহার করে] (http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/example/sorting/ নিমsort.c) + -[] [আউটপুট অ্যারে (পাইথন) ব্যবহার করা]] (https://github.com/jwasham/pੈਕਟ-python/blob/master/lays_sort/ विसর_সোর্ট.পি) + -[] [ইন-প্লেস (সি ++)] (https://github.com/jwasham/pੈਕਟ-cpp/blob/master/ विसর_সোর্ট / নিমজ্জন_সোর্ট.সি) +-[] দ্রুত সাজানোর কোড: + -[] [বাস্তবায়ন (সি)] (http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/class/223/exults/randomization/quick.c) + -[] [বাস্তবায়ন (সি)] (https://github.com/jwasham/pੈਕਟ-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) + -[] [বাস্তবায়ন (পাইথন)] (https://github.com/jwasham/pੈਕਟ-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) + +-[] বাস্তবায়ন: + -[] মার্জোর্ট: ও (এন লগ এন) গড় এবং সবচেয়ে খারাপ অবস্থা case + -[] কুইকসোর্ট ও (এন লগ এন) গড় কেস + -বাছাই বাছাই এবং সন্নিবেশ বাছাই উভয় হে (এন ^ 2) গড় এবং সবচেয়ে খারাপ ক্ষেত্রে + -হিপসোর্টের জন্য, উপরে হ্যাপের ডেটা কাঠামোটি দেখুন। + +-[] প্রয়োজন হয় না, তবে আমি তাদের সুপারিশ করেছি: + -[] [সেডজউইক-র‌্যাডিক্স সোর্টস (6 টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) + -[] [১। জাভাতে স্ট্রিংস (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) + -[] [২। মূল সূচক গণনা] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting) + -[] [3। সর্বনিম্ন গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অঙ্কের প্রথম স্ট্রিং রেডিক্সের সাজান] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) + -[] [৪। সর্বাধিক উল্লেখযোগ্য অঙ্কের প্রথম স্ট্রিং রেডিক্স সাজান] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) + -[] [৫। 3 ওয়ে রেডিক্স কুইকসোর্ট] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/crkd5/3-way-radix-quicksort) + -[] [।। প্রত্যয় অ্যারে] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + -[] [রেডিক্স বাছাই] (http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) + -[] [রেডিক্স বাছাই (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + -[] [রেডিক্স বাছাই, গণনা অনুসারে বাছাই (রৈখিক সময় দেওয়া সীমাবদ্ধতা) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + -[] [র্যান্ডমাইজেশন: ম্যাট্রিক্স গুণ, কুইকোর্ট, ফ্রেইভ্যাল্ডস অ্যালগরিদম (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + -[] [লিনিয়ার সময় অনুসারে বাছাই (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) + +সংক্ষিপ্তসার হিসাবে, এখানে [১৫ টি বাছাই করা অ্যালগরিদম] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg) এর ভিজ্যুয়াল উপস্থাপনা রয়েছে। +আপনার যদি এই বিষয়ে আরও বিশদ প্রয়োজন, [কিছু বিষয়ের উপর অতিরিক্ত বিশদ] এর "বাছাই করা" বিভাগটি দেখুন (কিছু বিষয়ে-কিছু-অতিরিক্ত-বিশদ) + +
+ +##গ্রাফ + +
+গ্রাফ + +গ্রাফগুলি কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানের বিভিন্ন সমস্যার প্রতিনিধিত্ব করতে ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে, তাই এই বিভাগটি দীর্ঘ, যেমন গাছ এবং বাছাইয়ের মতো ছিল। + +-নোট: + -মেমরিতে গ্রাফ উপস্থাপনের জন্য 4 টি প্রাথমিক উপায় রয়েছে: + -বস্তু এবং পয়েন্টার + -অন্তিক ম্যাট্রিক্স + -সংলগ্ন তালিকা + -সংলগ্ন মানচিত্র + -প্রতিটি প্রতিনিধিত্ব এবং এর পক্ষে & কনস সঙ্গে নিজেকে পরিচিত + -বিএফএস এবং ডিএফএস-তাদের কম্পিউটেশনাল জটিলতা, তাদের ট্রেডঅফস এবং কীভাবে এগুলিকে বাস্তব কোডে প্রয়োগ করতে হয় তা জানেন + -যখন কোন প্রশ্ন জিজ্ঞাসা করা হয়, প্রথমে একটি গ্রাফ-ভিত্তিক সমাধান সন্ধান করুন, তারপরে কোনওটি না হলে এগিয়ে যান। + +-[] এমআইটি (ভিডিও): + -[] [প্রস্থ-প্রথম অনুসন্ধান] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + -[] [গভীরতা-প্রথম অনুসন্ধান] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) + +-[] স্কিয়েনা বক্তৃতা-দুর্দান্ত ভূমিকা: + -[] [সিএসই 373 2012-লেকচার 11-গ্রাফ ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) + -[] [সিএসই 373 2012-লেকচার 12-চওড়া-প্রথম অনুসন্ধান (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) + -[] [সিএসই 373 2012-লেকচার 13-গ্রাফ অ্যালগরিদম (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) + -[] [সিএসই 373 2012-বক্তৃতা 14-গ্রাফ অ্যালগরিদম (কনট) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + -[] [সিএসই 373 2012-বক্তৃতা 15-গ্রাফ অ্যালগরিদম (কনট 2) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + -[] [সিএসই 373 2012-বক্তৃতা 16-গ্রাফ অ্যালগরিদম (3 নন) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + +-[] গ্রাফ (পর্যালোচনা এবং আরও): + + -[] [00.০০০০ একক উত্সের সবচেয়ে ছোটতম পাথ সমস্যা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + -[] 6..০০০০ ডিজকস্ট্রা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + -[] [6.006 বেলম্যান-ফোর্ড (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + -[] [00.০০০০ ডিজকস্ট্রা (ভিডিও) গতি বাড়িয়েছে] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + -[] [আদুনি: গ্রাফ অ্যালগরিদমস প্রথম-টপোলজিকাল বাছাই, ন্যূনতম স্প্যানিং ট্রি, প্রাইমের অ্যালগরিদম-লেকচার 6 (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnBGSyx3C3x1C3u3 + -[] [আদুনি: গ্রাফ অ্যালগরিদমস দ্বিতীয়-ডিএফএস, বিএফএস, ক্রুসকলের অ্যালগরিদম, ইউনিয়ন ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার সন্ধান করুন-লেকচার ((ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxu7-9BSy2&yndy ) + -[] [আদুনি: গ্রাফ অ্যালগরিদম III: সংক্ষিপ্ত পথ-বক্তৃতা 8 (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + -[] [আদুনি: গ্রাফ আলগ চতুর্থ: জ্যামিতিক অ্যালগোরিদমগুলিতে পরিচিতি-বক্তৃতা 9 (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + -[] ~~ [সিএস 61 বি 2014 (58:09 থেকে শুরু) (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489) ~~ + -[] [সিএস 61 বি 2014: ওজনযুক্ত গ্রাফ (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) + -[] [লোভী অ্যালগরিদম: ন্যূনতম বিস্তৃত গাছ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + -[] [দৃr়ভাবে সংযুক্ত উপাদানগুলি কোসারাজুর অ্যালগোরিদম গ্রাফ আলগোরিদিম (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + +-সম্পূর্ণ কোর্সেরা কোর্স: + -[] [গ্রাফগুলিতে অ্যালগরিদমগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-অনুচ্ছেদ / হোম / উপস্ব) + +-আমি বাস্তবায়ন করব: + -[] সংলগ্ন তালিকার সাথে ডিএফএস (পুনরাবৃত্ত) + -[] সংলগ্ন তালিকার সাথে ডিএফএস (স্ট্যাক সহ পুনরাবৃত্ত) + -[] সংলগ্ন ম্যাট্রিক্স সহ ডিএফএস (পুনরাবৃত্ত) + -[] সংলগ্ন ম্যাট্রিক্স সহ ডিএফএস (স্ট্যাক সহ পুনরাবৃত্ত) + -[] সংলগ্ন তালিকা সহ বিএফএস + -[] সংলগ্ন ম্যাট্রিক্স সহ বিএফএস + -[] একক উত্সের সংক্ষিপ্ততম পথ (ডিজকস্ট্র) + -[] সর্বনিম্ন বিস্তৃত গাছ + -ডিএফএস-ভিত্তিক অ্যালগরিদম (উপরে অ্যাডুনি ভিডিও দেখুন): + -[] চক্র পরীক্ষা করুন (টপোলজিকাল সাজানোর জন্য প্রয়োজনীয়, যেহেতু আমরা শুরু করার আগে চক্রটি পরীক্ষা করব) + -[] টপোলজিকাল সাজান + -[] একটি গ্রাফে সংযুক্ত উপাদানগুলি গণনা করুন + -[] দৃ strongly়ভাবে সংযুক্ত উপাদানগুলির তালিকা করুন + -[] দ্বিপক্ষীয় গ্রাফ পরীক্ষা করুন + +
+ +##আরও জ্ঞান + +
+আরও জ্ঞান << সংক্ষিপ্ত> + +-###পুনরাবৃত্তি + -[] পুনরাবৃত্তি ও ব্যাকট্র্যাকিংয়ের উপর স্ট্যানফোর্ডের বক্তৃতা: + -[] [বক্তৃতা 8 | প্রোগ্রামিং বিমূর্তকরণ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) + -[] [বক্তৃতা 9 | প্রোগ্রামিং বিমূর্তি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) + -[] [বক্তৃতা 10 | প্রোগ্রামিং বিমূর্তি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + -[] [বক্তৃতা 11 | প্রোগ্রামিং বিমূর্তি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) + -যখন এটি ব্যবহার করা উপযুক্ত হবে + -টেল রিকার্সন এর চেয়ে ভাল কীভাবে? + -[] [লেজ পুনরাবৃত্তি কি এটি এত খারাপ কেন?] (Https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) + -[] [টেল রিকার্সন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) + +-###ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং + -আপনি সম্ভবত আপনার সাক্ষাত্কারে কোনও গতিশীল প্রোগ্রামিং সমস্যা দেখতে পাবেন না, তবে ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিংয়ের প্রার্থী হিসাবে কোনও সমস্যাটি স্বীকৃতি দেওয়ার পক্ষে এটি মূল্যবান। + -এই বিষয়টি বেশ কঠিন হতে পারে, কারণ প্রতিটি ডিপি দ্রবণীয় সমস্যাটিকে অবশ্যই পুনরাবৃত্তির সম্পর্ক হিসাবে সংজ্ঞায়িত করা উচিত এবং এটির সাথে আসাটি জটিল হতে পারে। + -আমি জড়িত প্যাটার্ন সম্পর্কে দৃ understanding় ধারণা না পাওয়া পর্যন্ত আমি ডিপি সমস্যার অনেক উদাহরণ দেখার পরামর্শ দিই। + -[] ভিডিওগুলি: + -স্কিয়েনা ভিডিওগুলি অনুসরণ করা শক্ত কারণ তিনি কখনও কখনও হোয়াইটবোর্ড ব্যবহার করেন যা দেখতে খুব ছোট + -[] [স্কিয়েনা: সিএসই 373 2012-বক্তৃতা 19-ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিংয়ের পরিচিতি (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) + -[] [স্কিয়েনা: সিএসই 373 2012-বক্তৃতা 20-দূরত্ব সম্পাদনা করুন (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) + -[] [স্কিয়েনা: সিএসই 373 2012-লেকচার 21-গতিশীল প্রোগ্রামিং উদাহরণ (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) + -[] [স্কিয়েনা: সিএসই 373 2012-বক্তৃতা 22-ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিংয়ের অ্যাপ্লিকেশন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + -[] [সিমসন: ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং 0 (59:18 এ শুরু হয়) (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnelG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + -[] [সাইমনসন: ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং আই-লেকচার 11 (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + -[] [সায়মনসন: ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং II-লেকচার 12 (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + -[] পৃথক ডিপি সমস্যার তালিকা (প্রতিটি সংক্ষিপ্ত): + [ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + -[] ইয়েল লেকচার নোট: + -[] [ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং] (http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamic প্রোগ্রামগ্রাম) + -[] কোর্সেরা: + -[] [আরএনএ মাধ্যমিক কাঠামো সমস্যা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/ নির্বাচন / 80RrW/the-rna-secondary-কাঠামো-সমস্যা) + -[] [একটি গতিশীল প্রোগ্রামিং অ্যালগরিদম (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + -[] [ডিপি অ্যালগরিদম (ভিডিও) উদাহরণস্বরূপ] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + -[] [ডিপি অ্যালগরিদমের চলমান সময় (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + -[] [ডিপি বনাম পুনরাবৃত্তিমূলক বাস্তবায়ন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-বাস্তবায়ন) + -[] [গ্লোবাল পেয়ারওয়াইজ সিকোয়েন্স অ্যালাইনমেন্ট (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + -[] [স্থানীয় যুগের ক্রম সারিবদ্ধকরণ প্রান্তিককরণ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + +-###অবজেক্ট ওরিয়েন্টেড প্রোগ্রামিং + -[] ptionচ্ছিক: ইউএমএল ২.০ সিরিজ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) + -[] অবজেক্ট-ওরিয়েন্টেড সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং: ইউএমএল এবং জাভা ব্যবহার করে সফটওয়্যার ডেভ (21 টি ভিডিও): + -আপনার যদি OO এবং OO ডিজাইনের অনুশীলনগুলির দুর্দান্ত উপলব্ধি থাকে তবে এড়িয়ে যেতে পারেন। + -[ওওএসই: ইউএমএল এবং জাভা ব্যবহার করে সফটওয়্যার ডেভ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + -[] সলিড ওওপি নীতিগুলি: + -[] [বব মার্টিন সলিউড অবজেক্ট অরিয়েন্টেড অ্যান্ড এগ্রিল ডিজাইনের নীতি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + -[] [সলাইড নীতি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) + -[] এস-[একক দায়িত্বের নীতি] (http://www.oodesign.com/single-দায়িত্বজ্ঞাপন-প্রিন্সিপাল html) | [প্রতিটি বস্তুর একক দায়িত্ব] (http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-দায়বদ্ধতা-নীতি-নীতি html) + -[আরও স্বাদ] (https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + -[] ও-[ওপেন / ক্লোজড অধ্যক্ষ] (http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-prصولle.html) | [উত্পাদন স্তরে অবজেক্টগুলি এক্সটেনশনের জন্য প্রস্তুত তবে পরিবর্তনের জন্য নয়] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_prصول) + -[আরও স্বাদ] (http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BWCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUTNThhGG1Y&hzGiY) + -[] এল-[লিসকোভ সাবস্টিটিউশন অধ্যক্ষ] (http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substedia-prصولle.html) | [বেস ক্লাস এবং ডারাইভড ক্লাস 'আইএস এ' প্রিন্সিপাল অনুসরণ করে] (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/ কি-is-the-liskov-subst येशू-প্রিন্সিপাল) + -[আরও স্বাদ] (http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BWCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtTDhhenU5ZZll55) + -[] আমি-[ইন্টারফেস বিভাজন নীতি] (http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-prصولle.html) | ক্লায়েন্টরা তাদের ব্যবহার না করে এমন ইন্টারফেস প্রয়োগ করতে বাধ্য করা উচিত নয় + -[5 মিনিটের মধ্যে ইন্টারফেস পৃথককরণের নীতি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + -[আরও স্বাদ] (http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BWCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5i&jdc5i&jdc5i) + -[] ডি-[নির্ভরতা বিপরীতার নীতি] (http://www.oodesign.com/d dependency-inversion-prصولle.html) | নির্ভরতা হ্রাস করুন বস্তুর সংমিশ্রণে। + -[নির্ভরতা বিপরীতকরণের মূলনীতি কেন এবং কেন এটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ] (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/ কি-এটি-নির্ভরতা-রূপান্তর-নীতি-এবং-কেন-কেন-গুরুত্বপূর্ণ-গুরুত্বপূর্ণ) + -[আরও স্বাদ] (http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BWCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjhhddlljrhmdlljrhmdlljdlmljrlm पर + +-###নকশা নিদর্শন + -[] [কুইক ইউএমএল পর্যালোচনা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) + -[] এই নিদর্শনগুলি শিখুন: + -[] কৌশল + -[] সিঙ্গলটন + -[] অ্যাডাপ্টার + -[] প্রোটোটাইপ + -[] শোভাকর + -[] দর্শনার্থী + -[] কারখানা, বিমূর্ত কারখানা + -[] সম্মুখ + -[] পর্যবেক্ষক + -[] প্রক্সি + -[] প্রতিনিধি + -[] আদেশ + -[ ] অবস্থা + -[] স্মৃতিচারণ + -[] পুনরাবৃত্তিকারী + -[] সংমিশ্রিত + -[] ফ্লাইওয়েট + -[] অধ্যায় 6 (পর্ব 1)-প্যাটার্নস (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) + -[] অধ্যায় ((দ্বিতীয় খণ্ড)-বিমূর্ততা-ঘটনা, জেনারেল হায়ারার্কি, প্লেয়ার-রোল, সিঙ্গলটন, অবজারভার, ডেলিগেশন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index= 12 & তালিকা = PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + -[] অধ্যায় ((অংশ 3)-অ্যাডাপ্টার, সম্মুখ, অপরিবর্তনীয়, কেবলমাত্র পঠন ইন্টারফেস, প্রক্সি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + -[] [ভিডিওগুলির সিরিজ (২ videos টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + -[] [প্রথম প্রথম নকশার প্যাটার্নস] (https://www.amazon.com/Head-প্রথম-ডিজাইন-প্যাটার্নস-ফ্রিম্যান / ডিপি/0596007124) + -আমি জানি যে ক্যানোনিকাল বইটি "ডিজাইনের প্যাটার্নস: পুনরায় ব্যবহারযোগ্য অবজেক্ট-ওরিয়েন্টেড সফ্টওয়্যার এর উপাদানসমূহ" তবে হেড ফার্স্ট ওওর শুরুতে নতুনদের জন্য দুর্দান্ত। + -[] সহজ রেফারেন্স: 101 বিকাশকারীদের জন্য নকশার প্যাটার্নস এবং টিপস] (https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-এবং-tips) + -[] [মানুষের জন্য নকশার নকশাগুলি] (https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) + + +-###সম্মিলক (n কে নির্বাচন করুন) এবং সম্ভাবনা + -[] [গণিত দক্ষতা: কীভাবে ফ্যাক্টরিয়াল, অনুমান এবং সংমিশ্রণ (চয়ন করুন) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + -[] [স্কুল তৈরি করুন: সম্ভাবনা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + -[] [স্কুল তৈরি করুন: আরও সম্ভাবনা এবং মার্কভ চেইন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) + -[ ] খান একাডেমি: + -কোর্স লেআউট: + -[] [বেসিক তাত্ত্বিক সম্ভাবনা] (https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-টপিক) + -কেবল ভিডিওগুলি-41 (প্রতিটি সহজ এবং প্রতিটি স্বল্প): + -[] [সম্ভাব্যতার ব্যাখ্যা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) + +-###এনপি, এনপি-সম্পূর্ণ এবং আনুমানিক অ্যালগরিদম + -এনপি-সম্পূর্ণ সমস্যার সর্বাধিক বিখ্যাত শ্রেণীর সম্পর্কে জানুন, যেমন ভ্রমণ ভ্রমণ এবং ন্যাপস্যাক সমস্যা, + এবং যখন কোনও সাক্ষাত্কার আপনাকে ছদ্মবেশে জিজ্ঞাসা করে তখন সেগুলি সনাক্ত করতে সক্ষম হোন। + -এনপি-সম্পূর্ণ অর্থ কী তা জানুন। + -[] [গণনামূলক জটিলতা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) + -[] সাইমনসন: + -[] [লোভী অ্যালগস। এনপি সম্পূর্ণতা (ভিডিও) তে II এবং ইন্ট্রো] (https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + -[] [এনপি সম্পূর্ণতা দ্বিতীয় এবং হ্রাস (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + -[] [এনপি সম্পূর্ণতা তৃতীয় (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + -[] [এনপি সম্পূর্ণতা চতুর্থ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) + -[] স্কিয়েনা: + -[] [সিএসই 373 2012-লেকচার 23-এনপি-সম্পূর্ণতার পরিচয় (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) + -[] [সিএসই 373 2012-লেকচার 24-এনপি-সম্পূর্ণতা প্রমাণ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + -[] [সিএসই 373 2012-বক্তৃতা 25-এনপি-সম্পূর্ণতা চ্যালেঞ্জ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + -[] [জটিলতা: পি, এনপি, এনপি-সম্পূর্ণতা, হ্রাস (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) + -[] [জটিলতা: আনুমানিক অ্যালগরিদম (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) + -[] [জটিলতা: স্থির-প্যারামিটার অ্যালগরিদম (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + -পিটার নরভিগ বিক্রয়কর্মী সমস্যার ভ্রমণের নিকটতম সর্বোত্তম সমাধানগুলি নিয়ে আলোচনা করেছেন: + -[বৃহস্পতি নোটবুক] (http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) + -সিএলআরএসে 1048-1140 পৃষ্ঠা রয়েছে যদি তা থাকে। + +-###ক্যাচ + -[] এলআরইউ ক্যাশে: + -[] [এলআরইউ ক্যাশে যাদু (গুগল দেবের 100 দিন) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) + -[] [এলআরইউ বাস্তবায়ন করছে (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) + -[] [লেটকোড-146 এলআরইউ ক্যাশে (সি ++) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) + -[] সিপিইউ ক্যাশে: + -[] [এমআইটি 6.004 এল 15: মেমোরি হায়ারার্কি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) + -[] [এমআইটি 00.০০৪ এল এল: ক্যাশে ইস্যু (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + +-###প্রক্রিয়া এবং থ্রেডস + -[] কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞান 162-অপারেটিং সিস্টেম (25 টি ভিডিও): + -প্রক্রিয়া এবং থ্রেডগুলির জন্য ভিডিওগুলি 1-11 দেখুন + -[অপারেটিং সিস্টেমস এবং সিস্টেম প্রোগ্রামিং (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + -[প্রক্রিয়া এবং একটি থ্রেডের মধ্যে পার্থক্য কী?] (Https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-differences-between-a-process-and-a-thread) + -কভার: + -প্রক্রিয়াগুলি, থ্রেডগুলি, সমঝোতার বিষয়গুলি + -প্রক্রিয়া এবং থ্রেড মধ্যে পার্থক্য + -প্রক্রিয়া + -থ্রেড + -তালা + -মিটেক্সেস + -semaphores + -মনিটর + -তারা কীভাবে কাজ করে + -অচলাবস্থা + -লাইভলক + -সিপিইউ ক্রিয়াকলাপ, বাধা, প্রসঙ্গের স্যুইচিং + -মাল্টিকোর প্রসেসরগুলির সাথে আধুনিক একত্রীকরণ + -[পেজিং, বিভাগকরণ এবং ভার্চুয়াল মেমোরি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) + -[বাধা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) + -[শিডিং (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Gu5mYdKbu4&index=4&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8) + -প্রক্রিয়া সংস্থান প্রয়োজন (মেমরি: কোড, স্ট্যাটিক স্টোরেজ, স্ট্যাক, গাদা, এবং ফাইল বিবরণকারী, i / o) + -থ্রেড রিসোর্সের প্রয়োজন (একই প্রক্রিয়ায় অন্যান্য থ্রেডের সাথে উপরের (বিয়োগ স্ট্যাক) তবে প্রতিটিটির নিজস্ব পিসি, স্ট্যাক কাউন্টার, রেজিস্টার এবং স্ট্যাক রয়েছে) + -নতুন প্রক্রিয়া মেমরিটিতে লেখার আগ পর্যন্ত ফোর্কিং সত্যই লেখার অনুলিপি (কেবল পঠনযোগ্য) হয়, তবে এটি একটি সম্পূর্ণ অনুলিপি করে। + -প্রসঙ্গে স্যুইচিং + -কীভাবে প্রসঙ্গের স্যুইচিং অপারেটিং সিস্টেম এবং অন্তর্নিহিত হার্ডওয়্যার দ্বারা শুরু করা হয় + -[] [সি ++ (সিরিজ-10 টি ভিডিও) এর থ্রেড]] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + -[] পাইথনে সম্মতি (ভিডিও): + -[] [থ্রেডগুলিতে সংক্ষিপ্ত সিরিজ] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) + -[] [পাইথন থ্রেডস] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) + -[] [পাইথন জিআইএল বোঝা (২০১০)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) + -[রেফারেন্স] (http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) + -[] [ডেভিড বেজলি-গ্রাউন্ড আপ থেকে পাইথন কনক্যুরન્સી: লাইভ!-পাইকন 2015] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) + -[] [মূল ডেভিড বেজলি-আগ্রহের বিষয় (পাইথন অ্যাসিনসিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) + -[] [পাইথনে নিবিড়] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) + +-###পরীক্ষামূলক + -ঢাকতে: + -ইউনিট টেস্টিং কীভাবে কাজ করে + -মক অবজেক্টস কী + -সংহতকরণ পরীক্ষা কি + -নির্ভরতা ইনজেকশন কি + -[] [জেমস বাচ (ভিডিও) এর সাথে চতুর সফ্টওয়্যার পরীক্ষা করা] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) + -[] [সফটওয়্যার টেস্টিং (ভিডিও) এ জেমস বাচের লিখিত বক্তব্য খুলুন] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) + -[] [স্টিভ ফ্রিম্যান-টেস্ট-চালিত বিকাশ (এটি আমরা বোঝাতে চাইনি) (ভিডিও)] (https://vimeo.com/83960706) + -[স্লাইডস] (http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDe વિકાસmentThatNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) + -[] [টিডিডি মারা গেছে। দীর্ঘ লাইভ টেস্টিং।] (Http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html) + -[] [টিডিডি মারা গেছে? (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9quxZsLcfo) + -[] [ভিডিও সিরিজ (152 টি ভিডিও)-সবার প্রয়োজন নেই (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzJapzxH_rE&list=PLAwxTw4SYaPkWVHeC_8aSIbSxE_NXI76g) + -[] [পাইথনের সাথে পরীক্ষিত-চালিত ওয়েব বিকাশ] (http://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/pages/book.html#toc) + -[ ] ইনজেকশন নির্ভরতা: + -[] [ভিডিও] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) + -[] [পরীক্ষার তাও] (http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) + -[] [পরীক্ষাগুলি কীভাবে লিখবেন] (http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) + +-###তফসিল + -কোনও ওএসে, এটি কীভাবে কাজ করে + -অপারেটিং সিস্টেমের ভিডিওগুলি থেকে সংগ্রহ করা যায় + +-###স্ট্রিং অনুসন্ধান এবং ম্যানিপুলেশনগুলি + -[] [সেডজউইক-প্রত্যয় অ্যারে (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + -[] [সেডজউইক-সাবস্ট্রিং অনুসন্ধান (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + -[] [১। সাবস্ট্রিং অনুসন্ধানের পরিচিতি] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/intr پيداوار-to-substring-search) + -[] [২। ব্রুট-ফোর্স সাবস্ট্রিং অনুসন্ধান] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) + -[] [3। নূথ-মরিস প্র্যাট] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) + -[] [৪। বুইয়ার মুর] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) + -[] [৫। রবিন-Karp] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) + -[] [পাঠ্যের প্যাটার্ন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + + আপনার যদি এই বিষয়ে আরও বিশদ প্রয়োজন, [কিছু বিষয়ের উপর অতিরিক্ত বিবরণ] "স্ট্রিং ম্যাচিং" বিভাগটি দেখুন (কিছু-বিষয়ে-কিছু-অতিরিক্ত) + +-###চেষ্টা + -নোট করুন বিভিন্ন ধরণের চেষ্টা আছে। কারও কারও কাছে উপসর্গ আছে, কারও কাছে কিছু নেই, আবার কিছু বিটের পরিবর্তে স্ট্রিং ব্যবহার করে + পথ ট্র্যাক। + -আমি কোডের মাধ্যমে পড়েছি, তবে বাস্তবায়ন করব না। + -[] [সেডজউইক-চেষ্টা (3 টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + -[] [১। আর ওয়ে চেষ্টা করে] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) + -[] [২। টার্নারি অনুসন্ধানের চেষ্টা] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) + -[] [3। চরিত্র ভিত্তিক অপারেশন] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-ভিত্তিক-অপারেশন) + -[] [ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং প্রোগ্রামিং কৌশল সম্পর্কিত নোটসমূহ] (http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#চেষ্টা) + -[] শর্ট কোর্সের ভিডিও: + -[] [চেষ্টা করার চেষ্টা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-intr پيداوار-to-tries) + -[] [চেষ্টা সম্পাদনা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-দক্ষতা / নির্বাচন / PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + -[] [একটি ট্রাই প্রয়োগ করে (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + -[] [ট্রাই: একটি অবহেলিত ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার] (https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-st संरचना) + -[] [টপকোডার-চেষ্টা ব্যবহার করে] (https://www.topcoder.com/commune/competitive-pogramming/tutorials/ using-tries/) + -[] [স্ট্যানফোর্ড লেকচার (রিয়েল ওয়ার্ল্ড ইউজ কেস) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + -[] [এমআইটি, উন্নত ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার, স্ট্রিংস (প্রায় অর্ধেক পথ ধরেই বেশ অস্পষ্টতা পেতে পারে) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + +-###ভাসমান পয়েন্ট নম্বর + -[] সাধারণ 8-বিট: [ভাসমান পয়েন্ট সংখ্যাগুলির প্রতিনিধিত্ব-1 (ভিডিও-গণনায় একটি ত্রুটি রয়েছে-ভিডিও বর্ণনা দেখুন)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + -[] 32 বিট: [আইইইই 7575 32-বিট ভাসমান পয়েন্ট বাইনারি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + +-###ইউনিকোড + -[] [সর্বনিম্ন ন্যূনতম প্রতিটি সফ্টওয়্যার বিকাশকারী অবশ্যই, ইউনিকোড এবং চরিত্রের সেট সম্পর্কে ইতিবাচকভাবে অবশ্যই জানতে হবে] (http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + -[] [প্রতিটি প্রোগ্রামার একেবারে নিখুঁতভাবে, এনকোডিংগুলি এবং পাঠ্যের সাথে কাজ করার জন্য চরিত্রের সেটগুলি সম্পর্কে ইতিবাচক প্রয়োজন] [http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + +-###শেষ + -[] [বড় এবং ছোট এন্ডিয়ান] (https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141940/http://www.cs.umd.edu:80/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian। এইচটিএমএল) + -[] [বিগ এন্ডিয়ান বনাম লিটল এন্ডিয়ান (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + -[] [বিগ এবং লিটল এন্ডিয়ান ইনসাইড / আউট (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + -কার্নেল দেবদের জন্য খুব প্রযুক্তিগত আলাপ। বেশিরভাগ আপনার মাথার উপরে থাকলে চিন্তা করবেন না। + -প্রথমার্ধ যথেষ্ট। + +-###নেটওয়ার্কিং + -** আপনার যদি নেটওয়ার্কিংয়ের অভিজ্ঞতা থাকে বা কোনও নির্ভরযোগ্যতা প্রকৌশলী বা অপারেশন ইঞ্জিনিয়ার হতে চান তবে প্রশ্নগুলি আশা করুন ** + -অন্যথায়, এটি জেনে রাখা ভাল + -[] [খান একাডেমি] (https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) + -[] [ইউডিপি এবং টিসিপি: পরিবহন প্রোটোকলের তুলনা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + -[] [টিসিপি / আইপি এবং ওএসআই মডেলটি ব্যাখ্যা করা হয়েছে! (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + -[] [পুরো ইন্টারনেট জুড়ে প্যাকেট ট্রান্সমিশন। নেটওয়ার্কিং এবং টিসিপি / আইপি টিউটোরিয়াল। (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + -[] [এইচটিটিপি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + -[] [এসএসএল এবং এইচটিটিপিএস (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + -[] [এসএসএল / টিএলএস (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + -[] [এইচটিটিপি ২.০ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + -[] [ভিডিও সিরিজ (21 টি ভিডিও) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + -[] [সাবনেটিং ডেমাইসাইডেড-পার্ট 5 সিআইডিআর নোটেশন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + -[] সকেট: + -[] [জাভা-সকেটস-পরিচিতি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + -[] [সকেট প্রোগ্রামিং (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) + +
+ +##সিস্টেম ডিজাইন, স্কেলিবিলিটি, ডেটা হ্যান্ডলিং + +
+<সুমারী> সিস্টেম ডিজাইন, স্কেলাবিলিটি, ডেটা হ্যান্ডলিং + +** আপনার 4+ বছরের অভিজ্ঞতা থাকলে আপনি সিস্টেম ডিজাইন প্রশ্নগুলি আশা করতে পারেন * + +-স্কেলাবিলিটি এবং সিস্টেম ডিজাইন অনেকগুলি বিষয় এবং সংস্থান সহ অনেক বড় বিষয় since + এমন একটি সফ্টওয়্যার / হার্ডওয়্যার সিস্টেম ডিজাইন করার সময় বিবেচনা করার মতো অনেক কিছুই রয়েছে যা স্কেল করতে পারে। + এটিতে বেশ কিছুটা সময় ব্যয় করার প্রত্যাশা করুন। +-বিবেচনা: + -স্কেলিবিলিটি + -একক মানগুলিতে বড় ডেটা সেট স্থাপন করুন + -একটি ডেটা সেট করে অন্যটিতে রূপান্তর করুন + -অশ্লীলভাবে প্রচুর পরিমাণে ডেটা পরিচালনা করা + -ব্যবস্থা পরিকল্পনা + -বৈশিষ্ট্য সেট + -ইন্টারফেস + -শ্রেণি শ্রেণিবিন্যাস + -নির্দিষ্ট সীমাবদ্ধতার অধীনে একটি সিস্টেম ডিজাইন করা + -সরলতা এবং দৃust়তা + -বাণিজ্য + -কর্মক্ষমতা বিশ্লেষণ এবং অপ্টিমাইজেশন +-[] ** এখানে শুরু করুন **: [সিস্টেম ডিজাইন প্রাইমার] (https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +-[] [হায়ারডিনটেক থেকে সিস্টেম ডিজাইন] (http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +-[] [আমি কীভাবে কোনও প্রযুক্তিগত ইনভারভিউতে নকশার প্রশ্নের উত্তর দিতে প্রস্তুত করব?] (Https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview? redirected_qid = 1500023) +-[] [সিস্টেম ডিজাইনের সাক্ষাত্কারের আগে আপনার যে 8 টি বিষয়গুলি জানতে হবে]] (http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system ডিজাইন-সাক্ষাৎকার /) +-[] [অ্যালগরিদম নকশা] (http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) +-[] [ডাটাবেস নরমালাইজেশন-1NF, 2NF, 3NF এবং 4NF (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYYLYV7WSHM) +-[] [সিস্টেম ডিজাইনের সাক্ষাত্কার] (https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview)-এটির মধ্যে প্রচুর সংস্থান রয়েছে। নিবন্ধ এবং উদাহরণের মাধ্যমে দেখুন। আমি তাদের কিছু নীচে রাখলাম। +-[] [সিস্টেম ডিজাইনের সাক্ষাত্কারটি কীভাবে টেকাবেন] (http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +-[] [প্রত্যেকের জানা উচিত নাম্বার] (http://eirtythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) +-[] [কনটেক্সট স্যুইচ করতে কতক্ষণ সময় লাগে?] (Http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) +-[] [ডাটাসেন্টারস জুড়ে লেনদেন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) +-[] [সিএপি উপপাদ্যের একটি সরল ইংরেজী ভূমিকা] (http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-intr پيداوار-to-cap-theorem/) +-[] সম্মতিসূচক অ্যালগরিদম: + -[] প্যাক্সোস-[প্যাকসোস চুক্তি-কম্পিউটারফিলি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + -[] ভেলা-[রাফট বিতরণ সম্মতি অ্যালগরিদমের একটি পরিচিতি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + -[] [সহজেই পঠনযোগ্য কাগজ] (https://raft.github.io/) + -[] [ইনফোগ্রাফিক] (http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) +-[] [ধারাবাহিকভাবে হ্যাশিং] (http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/cons Contin-hashing.html) +-[] [নোএসকিউএল প্যাটার্নস] (http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) +-[] স্কেলাবিলিটি: + -আপনার এসবের দরকার নেই। আপনার আগ্রহের কিছু বেছে নিন। + -[] [দুর্দান্ত ওভারভিউ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + -[] সংক্ষিপ্ত সিরিজ: + -[ক্লোনস] (http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + -[ডাটাবেস] (http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-জন্য-ডামি-পার্ট ২--ডেটাবেস) + -[ক্যাশে] (http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + -[অ্যাসিক্রোনিজম] (http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + -[] [স্কেলযোগ্য ওয়েব আর্কিটেকচার এবং বিতরণ সিস্টেমসমূহ] (http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) + -[] [বিতরণকৃত কম্পিউটিংয়ের ভুল ব্যাখ্যা] (https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + -[] [প্র্যাকমেটিক প্রোগ্রামিং কৌশল] (http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-সিস্টেমে-ডিজাইন-পত্রিকা html) + -[অতিরিক্ত: গুগল প্রেগেল গ্রাফ প্রসেসিং] (http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-راف-প্রসেসিং html) + -[] [জেফ ডিন-গুগল এ বিল্ডিং সফটওয়্যার সিস্টেম এবং পাঠ শিখেছে (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + -[] [আকারের জন্য আর্কিটেকটিং সিস্টেমের পরিচিতি] (http://lethain.com/intr Productions-to-architecting-সিস্টেমে-for-স্কেল/) + -[] [অ্যাপ ইঞ্জিন এবং ক্লাউড ডেটাস্টোর (ভিডিও) ব্যবহার করে বিশ্বব্যাপী দর্শকদের কাছে মোবাইল গেমস স্কেলিং]] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + -[] [গুগল কীভাবে প্ল্যানেট-স্কেল ইনফ্রা (ভিডিও) এর জন্য প্ল্যানেট-স্কেল ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং করে]] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + -[] [অ্যালগরিদমের তাত্পর্য] (https://www.topcoder.com/commune/competitive-pogramming/tutorials/the-Importance-of-algorithms/) + -[] [ভাগ করে নেওয়া] (http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-आगामी-of-the.html) + -[] [ফেসবুকে স্কেল (2012), "বিলিয়ন ব্যবহারকারীদের জন্য বিল্ডিং" (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) + -[] [লং গেমের জন্য ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং-অ্যাস্ট্রিড অ্যাটকিনসন কীনোট (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + -[] [৩০ মিনিটের মধ্যে ইউটিউব স্কেলিবিলিটি পাঠের 7 বছরের বছর] (http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html ) + -[ভিডিও] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + -[] [পেপাল কীভাবে দৈনিক মাত্র 8 ভিএম ব্যবহার করে বিলিয়ন বিলিয়ন লেনদেনের পরিমাণকে বাড়িয়েছে] (http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transferences-daily-using-ju.html) + -[] [বৃহত্তর ডেটাসেটে নকলগুলি কীভাবে সরানো যায়] (https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-d નકલ-in-large-datasets/) + -[] [জোন কাউই (ভিডিও) এর সাথে এটসির স্কেল এবং ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং সংস্কৃতির ভিতরে এক ঝলক দেখুন] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + -[] [কীভাবে অ্যামাজনকে তার নিজস্ব মাইক্রোসার্ভেসেস আর্কিটেকচারে নেতৃত্ব দিয়েছে] (http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + -[] [সংকোচনের জন্য বা সংকুচিত না করার জন্য, যা উবারের প্রশ্ন ছিল] (https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) + -[] [অসিনসিও ট্যারান্টুল ক্যু, কাতারে উঠুন] (http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) + -[] [আনুমানিক ক্যোয়ারী প্রসেসিং কখন ব্যবহার করা উচিত?] (Http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/When-should-approtimate-query-processing-be-used.html) + -[] [গুগলের একক ডাটাসেন্টার থেকে রূপান্তর, ব্যর্থতায়, নেটিভ মাল্টিহোমড আর্কিটেকচারে] [http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-টু-an.html) + -[] [স্প্যানার] (http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) + -[] [মেশিন লার্নিং ড্রাইভন প্রোগ্রামিং: একটি নতুন ওয়ার্ল্ডের জন্য একটি নতুন প্রোগ্রামিং] (http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) + -[] [চিত্র অপ্টিমাইজেশন প্রযুক্তি যা প্রতিদিন কয়েক মিলিয়ন অনুরোধগুলি সরবরাহ করে] [http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re .html) + -[] [একটি প্যাট্রিয়নের আর্কিটেকচার শর্ট] (http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + -[] টিন্ডার: সবচেয়ে বড় প্রস্তাবের ইঞ্জিনগুলির মধ্যে একটি কীভাবে সিদ্ধান্ত নেয় যে আপনি পরবর্তী কে দেখবেন?] (Http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-বৃহত্তম প্রস্তাবনা-ইঞ্জিন-de.html) + -[] [একটি আধুনিক ক্যাশের নকশা] (http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + -[] [ফেসবুক স্কেলে সরাসরি ভিডিও স্ট্রিমিং] (http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + -[] [অ্যামাজনের এডাব্লুএসে 11 মিলিয়ন + ব্যবহারকারীদের স্কেলিংয়ের জন্য একটি শিক্ষানবিশ গাইড] (http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-ব্যবহারকারীদের-অন-amazons.html) + -[] [কীভাবে দোকারের প্রভাব বিলম্বিত করে?] (Http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-efect-latency.html) + -[] [পুরো নেটফ্লিক্স স্ট্যাকের একটি 360 ডিগ্রি ভিউ] (http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html ) + -[] [লেটেন্সি সর্বত্র রয়েছে এবং এটি আপনার বিক্রয় ব্যয় করে-এটি কীভাবে কাটাবেন] (http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + -[] [সার্ভারলেস (খুব দীর্ঘ, কেবল টুকরো টুকরো দরকার)] (http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) + -[] [ইনস্টাগ্রাম কী শক্তি দেয়: কয়েকশো উদাহরণ, কয়েক ডজন প্রযুক্তি] (http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/ কি-পাওয়ারগুলি-ইনস্টাগ্রাম-কয়েকশত-বিষয়গুলি) + -[] সিনচকাস্ট আর্কিটেকচার-প্রতিদিন ১,০০০ ঘন্টা অডিও উত্পাদন করা] (http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-প্রোডাকশন-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d। এইচটিএমএল) + -[] [জাস্টিন.টিভির লাইভ ভিডিও সম্প্রচারের আর্কিটেকচার] (http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-সম্প্রসারণ-আর্কিটেকচার html) + -[] [প্লেফিশের সামাজিক গেমিং আর্কিটেকচার-50 মিলিয়ন মাসিক ব্যবহারকারী এবং ক্রমবর্ধমান] (http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html ) + -[] ট্রিপএডভাইজার আর্কিটেকচার-40 এম ভিজিটর, 200 এম ডায়নামিক পেজ ভিউ, 30 টিবি ডেটা] (http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view .html) + -[] [প্রচুর পরিমাণে ফিশ আর্কিটেকচার] (http://highscalability.com/pletyoffish-architecture) + -[] [সেলসফোর্স আর্কিটেকচার-তারা কীভাবে একদিন ১.৩ বিলিয়ন লেনদেন পরিচালনা করে] [http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html ) + -[] [ইএসপিএন এর আর্কিটেকচার স্কেল-100,000 ডুহ নুহ নুহ্হ্ প্রতি সেকেন্ডে অপারেটিং] [http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + -[] পরিষেবাগুলিকে একসাথে আটকানো যেতে পারে এমন কয়েকটি প্রযুক্তির তথ্যের জন্য নীচে "বার্তা, সিরিয়ালাইজেশন এবং কুইউনিং সিস্টেম" দেখুন See + -[ ] টুইটার: + -[ও'রিলি মাইএসকিউএল সিই 2011: জেরেমি কোল, "টুইটারে বড় এবং ছোট তথ্য" (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + -[স্কেলে টাইমলাইন] (https://www.infoq.com/preferencesations/Twitter-Timeline-সক্ষমতা) + -আরও তথ্যের জন্য, [ভিডিও সিরিজ] (#ভিডিও-সিরিজ) বিভাগে "মাইনিং ম্যাসিভ ডেটাসেটস" ভিডিও সিরিজটি দেখুন। +-[] সিস্টেম ডিজাইন প্রক্রিয়াটির অনুশীলন: কাগজে কাজ করার চেষ্টা করার জন্য এখানে কয়েকটি ধারণা দেওয়া হয়েছে, প্রত্যেকটি আসল বিশ্বে কীভাবে এটি পরিচালনা করা হয়েছিল সে সম্পর্কে কিছু ডকুমেন্টেশন সহ: + -পর্যালোচনা: [সিস্টেম ডিজাইন প্রাইমার] (https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + -[হাইরেডইনটেক থেকে সিস্টেম ডিজাইন] (http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + -[চিট শিট] (https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + -প্রবাহ: + 1. সমস্যা এবং সুযোগটি বুঝুন: + -সাক্ষাত্কারের সাহায্যে ব্যবহারের ক্ষেত্রে সংজ্ঞা দিন + -অতিরিক্ত বৈশিষ্ট্য প্রস্তাব + -এমন আইটেমগুলি সরান যা সাক্ষাত্কারকারীর সুযোগসীমা ছাড়িয়ে যায় + -ধরে নিন উচ্চ প্রাপ্যতা প্রয়োজনীয়, ব্যবহারের কেস হিসাবে যুক্ত করুন + ২. প্রতিবন্ধকতা সম্পর্কে চিন্তা করুন: + -মাসে কত অনুরোধ জিজ্ঞাসা করুন + -প্রতি সেকেন্ডে কত অনুরোধ জিজ্ঞাসা করুন (তারা এটি স্বেচ্ছাসেবক বা আপনাকে গণিত করতে পারে) + -অনুমান পাঠ্য বনাম লেখার শতাংশ + -অনুমান করার সময় 80/20 নিয়ম মনে রাখবেন + -প্রতি সেকেন্ডে কত ডেটা লেখা হয় + -মোট স্টোরেজ 5 বছরেরও বেশি প্রয়োজন + -প্রতি সেকেন্ডে কত ডেটা পড়বে + 3. বিমূর্ত নকশা: + -স্তর (পরিষেবা, ডেটা, ক্যাশিং) + -অবকাঠামো: লোড ব্যালেন্সিং, মেসেজিং + -পরিষেবা চালিত কোনও মূল অ্যালগরিদম সম্পর্কে মোটামুটি ওভারভিউ + -বাধা বিবেচনা করুন এবং সমাধান নির্ধারণ করুন + -অনুশীলন: + -[একটি সিডিএন নেটওয়ার্ক ডিজাইন করুন: পুরাতন নিবন্ধ] (http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) + -[একটি এলোমেলো আইডি জেনারেশন সিস্টেম ডিজাইন করুন] (https://blog.twitter.com/2010/annoucing-snowflake) + -[একটি অনলাইন মাল্টিপ্লেয়ার কার্ড গেমটি ডিজাইন করুন] (http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multplayer-game.html) + -[একটি মূল-মান ডাটাবেস ডিজাইন করুন) (http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/intrration-to-redis) + -[ছবি শেয়ারিং সিস্টেম ডিজাইন করুন] (http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + -[একটি সুপারিশ সিস্টেম ডিজাইন করুন) (http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + -[একটি ইউআরএল-শর্টনার সিস্টেম ডিজাইন করুন: উপর থেকে অনুলিপি করা হয়েছে) (http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + -[একটি ক্যাশে সিস্টেম ডিজাইন করুন) (https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/mmcache-internals/) + +
+ +--- + +##চূড়ান্ত পর্যালোচনা + +
+চূড়ান্ত পর্যালোচনা + + এই বিভাগে সংক্ষিপ্ত ভিডিও থাকবে যা আপনি বেশিরভাগ গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ধারণাটি পর্যালোচনা করতে খুব দ্রুত দেখতে পারেন। + আপনি প্রায়শই একটি রিফ্রেশার চাইলে এটি দুর্দান্ত। + +-[] শর্ট সাবজেক্টের ২-৩ মিনিটের সিরিজ (২৩ টি ভিডিও) + -[ভিডিও] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +-[] 2-5 মিনিটের সংক্ষিপ্ত বিষয় ভিডিওর সিরিজ-মাইকেল সাম্বোল (18 টি ভিডিও): + -[ভিডিও] (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +-[] [সেজেজউইক ভিডিও-অ্যালগোরিদম আই] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) +-[] [সেজেজিক ভিডিও-দ্বিতীয় অ্যালগোরিদম] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +
+ +--- + +##কোডিং প্রশ্ন অনুশীলন + +
+<সংশ্লেষ> কোডিং প্রশ্ন অনুশীলন << সংক্ষিপ্ত> + +আপনি যেহেতু উপরের সমস্ত কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানের বিষয়গুলি জানেন, এখন কোডিং সমস্যার উত্তর দেওয়ার অনুশীলন করার সময় এসেছে। + +** কোডিং প্রশ্ন অনুশীলন প্রোগ্রামিং সমস্যার উত্তর মুখস্থ করার বিষয়ে নয় * ** + +আপনার প্রোগ্রামিং সমস্যাগুলি করার অনুশীলন করা দরকার কেন: +-সমস্যা স্বীকৃতি এবং যেখানে সঠিক ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং অ্যালগরিদম ফিট করে +-সমস্যার প্রয়োজনীয়তা সংগ্রহ করা +-আপনি যেমন সাক্ষাত্কারে যাবেন ঠিক তেমন সমস্যার মধ্য দিয়ে কথা বলা +-একটি হোয়াইটবোর্ড বা কাগজে কোডিং, কম্পিউটার নয় +-আপনার সমাধানের জন্য সময় এবং স্থান জটিলতার সাথে হাজির +-আপনার সমাধান পরীক্ষা করা + +একটি সাক্ষাত্কারে পদ্ধতিগত, যোগাযোগমূলক সমস্যা সমাধানের জন্য দুর্দান্ত ভূমিকা রয়েছে। আপনি প্রোগ্রামিং থেকে এটি পাবেন +সাক্ষাত্কারের বইগুলিও, তবে আমি এই অসামান্যটি পেয়েছি: +[অ্যালগোরিদম ডিজাইন ক্যানভাস] (http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) + +বাড়িতে হোয়াইটবোর্ড নেই? এটা বোধগম্য. আমি একটি অদ্ভুত এবং একটি বড় হোয়াইটবোর্ড। হোয়াইটবোর্ডের পরিবর্তে, একটি বাছাই করুন +একটি আর্ট স্টোর থেকে বড় অঙ্কন প্যাড। আপনি পালঙ্কে বসে অনুশীলন করতে পারেন। এটি আমার "সোফা হোয়াইটবোর্ড"। +আমি স্কেলে কলমটি ফটোতে যুক্ত করেছি। আপনি যদি কলম ব্যবহার করেন তবে আপনি মুছে ফেলতে পারবেন। অগোছালো দ্রুত পায়। + +! [আমার সোফা হোয়াইটবোর্ড] (https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) + +প্রাসঙ্গিক: + +-[টপকোডারদের জন্য গণিত] (https://www.topcoder.com / সম্প্রদায় / কমপিটিটিভ-প্রোগ্রামিং / টিউটোরিয়ালস / ম্যাথেমেটিক্সের জন্য-ট্যাপকোডার /) +-[ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং-নোভাইস থেকে অ্যাডভান্সড] (https://www.topcoder.com/commune/competitive-pogramming/tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/ +-[এমআইটি সাক্ষাত্কার উপকরণ] (https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/matorys.php) +-[প্রদত্ত ভাষায় আরও ভাল হওয়ার জন্য অনুশীলন] (http://exercism.io/languages) + +** প্রোগ্রামিং সমস্যাগুলি পড়ুন এবং করুন (এই ক্রমে): ** + +-[] [প্রোগ্রামিং সাক্ষাত্কার উন্মোচিত: আপনার পরবর্তী কাজ ল্যান্ডিংয়ের গোপনীয়তা, ২ য় সংস্করণ] (http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) + -সি, সি ++ এবং জাভাতে উত্তর +-[] [কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কার ক্র্যাকিং, 6th ষ্ঠ সংস্করণ] (http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-প্রোগ্রামামিং / ডিপি/0984782850/) + -জাভা উত্তর + +[উপরে বুক তালিকা] দেখুন (#বুক-তালিকা) + +
+ +##কোডিং অনুশীলন / চ্যালেঞ্জ + +
+<সংশ্লেষ> কোডিং প্রশ্ন অনুশীলন << সংক্ষিপ্ত> + +একবার আপনি আপনার মস্তিষ্ক শিখে ফেললে, সেই মস্তিষ্কগুলিকে কাজে লাগান। +প্রতিদিন যতটা সম্ভব কোডিং চ্যালেঞ্জ নিন। + +-[] [কীভাবে সমাধান সন্ধান করবেন] (https://www.topcoder.com/commune/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +-[] [কীভাবে টপকোডার সমস্যার বিবরণটি সংক্রামিত করবেন] (https://www.topcoder.com/commune/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) + +কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কার প্রশ্ন ভিডিও: +-[আইডিজার (৮৮ টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +-[তুষার রায় (৫ টি প্লেলিস্ট)] (https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + +চ্যালেঞ্জ সাইটগুলি: +-[লেটকোড] (https://leetcode.com/) +-[টপকোডার] (https://www.topcoder.com/) +-[প্রকল্পের এলিউর (গণিত-কেন্দ্রিক)] (https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) +-[কোডওয়ারস] (http://www.codewars.com) +-[হ্যাকারআর্থ] (https://www.haakerrearth.com/) +-[হ্যাকারর্যাঙ্ক] (https://www.hackerrank.com/) +-[কোডলিটি] (https://codility.com / প্রোগ্রামার /) +-[ইন্টারভিউকেক] (https://www.interviewcake.com/) +-[গিক্সের জন্য গিগস] (http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) +-[সাক্ষাত্কার বিট] (https://www.interviewbit.com) +-[স্ফিয়ার অনলাইন জজ (স্পোজ)] (http://www.spoj.com/) +-[কোডেফ] (https://www.codechef.com/) + +চ্যালেঞ্জ রেপো: +-[পাইথনে ইন্টারেক্টিভ কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কারের চ্যালেঞ্জগুলি] (https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) + +মক সাক্ষাত্কার: +-[গেইনলোক.কম: বড় সংস্থাগুলির মক সাক্ষাত্কার]] (http://www.gainlo.co/)-আমি এটি ব্যবহার করেছি এবং এটি আমাকে ফোনের স্ক্রিন এবং সাইটে সাক্ষাত্কারের জন্য শিথিল করতে সহায়তা করেছে। +-[প্র্যাম্প: সহকর্মীদের কাছ থেকে / সাথে মক সাক্ষাত্কার] (https://www.pramp.com/)-অনুশীলন সাক্ষাত্কারগুলির পিয়ার-টু-পিয়ার মডেল +-[রেফড্যাশ: মক সাক্ষাত্কার এবং তাত্ক্ষণিক সাক্ষাত্কার]] (https://refdash.com/)-প্রযুক্তিবিদদের সাথে একাধিক সাক্ষাত্কার এড়িয়ে প্রার্থীদের দ্রুত ট্র্যাক করতে সহায়তা করে। + +
+ +##একবার আপনি সাক্ষাত্কারের কাছাকাছি চলে আসবেন + +-[] কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কার সেট 2 (ভিডিও) ক্র্যাক করা: + -[কোড সাক্ষাত্কারে ক্র্যাকিং] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) + -[কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কার ক্র্যাকিং-ফুলস্ট্যাক স্পিকার সিরিজ] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) + +##আপনার সারসংকলন + +-কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কার এবং ক্রমিং প্রোগ্রামিং সাক্ষাত্কারের পিছনে ক্র্যাকিং এ প্রিপ আইটেমগুলি পুনরায় শুরু দেখুন + + +##সাক্ষাত্কারটি কখন আসবে সে সম্পর্কে চিন্তাভাবনা করুন + +নীচের আইটেমগুলির লাইন সহ আপনি পাবেন 20 টি সাক্ষাত্কারের প্রশ্ন। প্রতিটি জন্য 2-3 উত্তর আছে। +আপনি অর্জন করেছেন এমন কিছু সম্পর্কে কেবল ডেটা নয়, একটি গল্প রাখুন। + +-তুমি কেন এই চাকুরি চাও? +-কোন কঠিন সমস্যা আপনি সমাধান করেছেন? +-সবচেয়ে বড় চ্যালেঞ্জের মুখোমুখি? +-সেরা / সবচেয়ে খারাপ ডিজাইন দেখা গেছে? +-একটি বিদ্যমান পণ্য উন্নত করার জন্য ধারণা। +-আপনি ব্যক্তিগতভাবে এবং একটি দলের অংশ হিসাবে কীভাবে সেরা কাজ করেন? +-আপনার দক্ষতা বা অভিজ্ঞতাগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি ভূমিকায় সম্পদ হবে এবং কেন? +-[জব x / প্রজেক্ট y] এ আপনি সবচেয়ে বেশি কী উপভোগ করেছেন? +-[জব x / প্রজেক্ট y] এ আপনি যে সবচেয়ে বড় চ্যালেঞ্জের মুখোমুখি হয়েছিলেন? +-আপনি [জব এক্স / প্রজেক্ট ওয়াই]-এ সবচেয়ে কঠিন বাগটি কীসের মুখোমুখি হয়েছিল? +-আপনি [জব x / প্রজেক্ট y] এ কী শিখলেন? +-[জব এক্স / প্রজেক্ট ওয়াই] তে আপনি কী আরও ভাল করতে পারতেন? + +##সাক্ষাত্কারকারীর জন্য প্রশ্ন রয়েছে + + আমার কিছু (আমি ইতিমধ্যে উত্তর জানতে পারে তবে তাদের মতামত বা দলের দৃষ্টিকোণ চাই): + +-আপনার দলটি কত বড়? +-আপনার দেবচক্রটি দেখতে কেমন? আপনি জলপ্রপাত / স্প্রিন্ট / চটজলটি করেন? +-সময়সীমার দিকে ধাবিত হওয়া কি সাধারণ? নাকি নমনীয়তা আছে? +-আপনার দলে কীভাবে সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়া হয়? +-আপনি প্রতি সপ্তাহে কত সভা? +-আপনি কি মনে করেন আপনার কাজের পরিবেশ আপনাকে মনোনিবেশ করতে সহায়তা করে? +-তুমি কিসের উপর কাজ করছ? +-এ ব্যাপারে আপনি কি পছন্দ করেন? +-কাজের জীবন কেমন? + +##একবার আপনি কাজ পেয়ে যাবেন + +অভিনন্দন! + +শিখতে থাকুন। + +আপনি সত্যিই কখনও করেনি। + +--- + + ************************************************** ************************************************** * + ************************************************** ************************************************** * + + এই বিন্দু নীচে সবকিছু Everythingচ্ছিক। + এগুলি অধ্যয়ন করে আপনি আরও সিএস ধারণাগুলির আরও বেশি প্রকাশ পেয়ে যাবেন এবং এর জন্য আরও ভাল প্রস্তুত থাকবেন + কোনও সফ্টওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং কাজ। আপনি অনেক বেশি গোলাকার সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ার হবেন। + + ************************************************** ************************************************** * + ************************************************** ************************************************** * + +--- + +##অতিরিক্ত বই + +
+অতিরিক্ত বই + +-[ইউনিক্স প্রোগ্রামিং পরিবেশ] (https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) + -একজন বয়স্ক কিন্তু গুডি +-[লিনাক্স কমান্ড লাইন: একটি সম্পূর্ণ ভূমিকা] (https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + -একটি আধুনিক বিকল্প +-[টিসিপি / আইপি সচিত্র সিরিজ] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_ ইলাস্ট্রেটেড) +-[প্রথম নকশার প্রধান শিরোনাম] (https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + -নকশা নিদর্শন একটি মৃদু ভূমিকা +-[নকশার প্যাটার্নস: পুনরায় ব্যবহারযোগ্য অবজেক্ট-ওরিয়েন্টে ডি সফ্টওয়্যার এর উপাদানসমূহ] (https://www.amazon.com/ ডিজাইন-প্যাটার্নস-উপাদানসমূহ-পুনরায় ব্যবহারযোগ্য-অবজেক্ট-ওরিয়েন্টড / ডিপি / ২০১২ 36৩6363১২) + -ওরফে "গ্যাং অফ ফোর" বই, বা জিওএফ + -ক্যানোনিকাল ডিজাইন নিদর্শন বই +-[ইউনিক্স এবং লিনাক্স সিস্টেম অ্যাডমিনিস্ট্রেশন হ্যান্ডবুক, 5 তম সংস্করণ] (https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-প্রশাসক-হ্যান্ডবুক/dp/0134277554/) +-[অ্যালগোরিদম ডিজাইন ম্যানুয়াল] (http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-ডিজাইন-ম্যানুয়াল-স্টিভেন-স্কিয়েনা / ডিপি / 1849967202) (স্কিয়েনা) + -একটি পর্যালোচনা এবং সমস্যা স্বীকৃতি হিসাবে + -অ্যালগোরিদম ক্যাটালগ অংশটি আপনি একটি সাক্ষাত্কারে পাবেন এমন অসুবিধার সুযোগের বাইরেও। + -এই বইয়ের 2 টি অংশ রয়েছে: + -ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার এবং অ্যালগরিদমের উপর ক্লাসের পাঠ্যপুস্তক + -পেশাদার: + -যে কোনও অ্যালগরিদম পাঠ্যপুস্তক যেমন হবে তেমন একটি ভাল পর্যালোচনা + -শিল্প ও একাডেমিয়ার সমস্যা সমাধানের জন্য তাঁর অভিজ্ঞতা থেকে দুর্দান্ত গল্প + -সি কোড কোড + -কনস: + -সিএলআরএসের মতো ঘন বা দুর্ভেদ্য হতে পারে এবং কিছু ক্ষেত্রে সিএলআরএস কিছু বিষয়ের জন্য আরও ভাল বিকল্প হতে পারে + -অধ্যায় 7, 8, 9 অনুসরণ করার চেষ্টা করা বেদনাদায়ক হতে পারে, কারণ কিছু আইটেম ভালভাবে ব্যাখ্যা করা হয়নি বা আমার চেয়ে বেশি মস্তিষ্কের প্রয়োজন নেই + -আমাকে ভুল মনে করবেন না: আমি স্কিয়েনা, তার শিক্ষার ধরন এবং পদ্ধতিগুলি পছন্দ করি তবে আমি স্টনি ব্রুকের উপাদান নাও হতে পারি। + -অ্যালগরিদম ক্যাটালগ: + -আপনি এই বইটি কেনার আসল কারণ। + -এই অংশে পেতে। এটির মাধ্যমে একবার আমার পথ তৈরি হয়ে গেলে এখানে আপডেট হবে। + -কিন্ডেল এ ভাড়া দিতে পারেন + -উত্তর: + -[সমাধান] (http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_ ডিজাইন_ ম্যানুয়াল_ (দ্বিতীয়_ সংস্করণ) + -[সমাধান] (http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanoutsolutions/page/2/) + -[এরেতা] (http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) + +-[অ্যালগরিদমের ভূমিকা] (https://www.amazon.com/Intr Productions-আলগোরিদিমস ৩ য়আর-এমআইটি-প্রেস / ডিপি/0262033844) + -** গুরুত্বপূর্ণ: ** এই বইটি পড়ার কেবল মূল্য সীমিত থাকবে। এই বইটি অ্যালগরিদম এবং ডেটা স্ট্রাকচারের দুর্দান্ত পর্যালোচনা, তবে কীভাবে ভাল কোড লিখতে হয় তা শেখায় না। আপনি দক্ষতার সাথে একটি শালীন সমাধান কোড করতে সক্ষম হতে হবে। + -ওরফে সিএলআর, কখনও কখনও সিএলআরএস, কারণ স্টেইন খেলায় দেরি করেছিল + +-[কম্পিউটার আর্কিটেকচার, ষষ্ঠ সংস্করণ: একটি পরিমাণগত পদ্ধতির] (https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + -আরও সমৃদ্ধের জন্য আরও আধুনিক (2017), তবে দীর্ঘতর চিকিত্সা + +-[প্রোগ্রামিং পার্লস] (http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-জন-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + -প্রথম অধ্যায় দুটি প্রোগ্রামিং সমস্যার চতুর সমাধান উপস্থাপন করে (কিছু ডেটা টেপ ব্যবহার করে খুব পুরানো) তবে + এটি কেবল একটি ভূমিকা প্রোগ্রামের নকশা এবং আর্কিটেকচারের জন্য এটি একটি গাইডবুক, অনেকটা কোড কমপ্লিটের মতো, তবে আরও ছোট। + +
+ + + +##অতিরিক্ত শিক্ষা + +
+অতিরিক্ত পড়াশুনা <সংক্ষিপ্ত> + +এই বিষয়গুলি সম্ভবত কোনও সাক্ষাত্কারে উঠে আসবে না, তবে আপনাকে সুদৃ .় হতে সাহায্য করার জন্য আমি এগুলি যুক্ত করেছি +সফ্টওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ার, এবং নির্দিষ্ট প্রযুক্তি এবং অ্যালগরিদম সম্পর্কে সচেতন হতে যাতে আপনার কাছে একটি বড় টুলবক্স থাকে। + +-###সংকলক + -[] [একটি সংকলক কীভাবে ~ 1 মিনিটে (ভিডিও) কাজ করে] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + -[] [হার্ভার্ড সিএস 50-সংকলক (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + -[] [সি ++ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + -[] [সংকলন অপ্টিমাইজেশন (সি ++) (ভিডিও) বোঝা] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) + +-###ইম্যাক্স এবং ভিআই (মি) + -ইউনিক্স ভিত্তিক কোড সম্পাদকের সাথে নিজেকে পরিচিত করুন + -vi (এম): + -[ভিএম 01 সহ সম্পাদনা-ইনস্টলেশন, সেটআপ, এবং মোডগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + -[ভিআইএম অ্যাডভেঞ্চারস] (http://vim-ad مہم.com/) + -4 টি ভিডিওর সেট: + -[দ্বি / ভিআইএম সম্পাদক-পাঠ 1] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) + -[দ্বি / ভিআইএম সম্পাদক-পাঠ 2] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaEE) + -[দ্বি / ভিআইএম সম্পাদক-পাঠ 3] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) + -[দ্বি / ভিআইএম সম্পাদক-পাঠ 4] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) + -[ইমাসের পরিবর্তে ভী ব্যবহার করা] [http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#ব্যবহার_ভি_ইনস্টিড_ও_এম্যাকস) + -ইমাস: + -[বুনিয়াদি ইম্যাকস টিউটোরিয়াল (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) + -3 সেট (ভিডিও): + -[ইমাস টিউটোরিয়াল (প্রারম্ভিক)-পার্ট 1-ফাইল কমান্ড, কাট / অনুলিপি / পেস্ট করুন, কার্সার কমান্ড] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) + -[ইমাস টিউটোরিয়াল (প্রারম্ভিক)-পার্ট 2-বাফার পরিচালনা, অনুসন্ধান, এমএক্স গ্রেপ এবং আরগ্রিপ মোড] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) + -[ইমাস টিউটোরিয়াল (প্রারম্ভিক)-পর্ব 3-এক্সপ্রেশন, বিবৃতি, ~ / .emacs ফাইল এবং প্যাকেজ] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) + -[এভিল মোড: বা, আমি কীভাবে উদ্বেগ বন্ধ করতে এবং ইমাসকে ভালোবাসতে শিখেছি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) + -[ইমাস সহ সি প্রোগ্রাম রচনা] [http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/class/223/notes.html#রাইটিং_সি_প্রগ্রাম_উইথ_এম্যাকস) + -[(হতে পারে) অরগ মোড গভীরতায়: কাঠামো পরিচালনার (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) + +-###ইউনিক্স কমান্ড লাইন সরঞ্জাম + -আমি ভাল সরঞ্জামগুলি থেকে নীচে তালিকায় পূর্ণ করেছি। + -[] বাশ + -[] বিড়াল + -[] গ্রেপ + -[] সেড + -[] অজানা + -[] কার্ল বা উইজেট + -[ ] সাজান + -[] ট্র + -[] ইউনিক + -[] [স্ট্রেস] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/Strace) + -[] [tcpdump] (https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + +-###তথ্য তত্ত্ব (ভিডিও) + -[] [খান একাডেমি] (https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-s विज्ञान / তথ্যসূত্র) + -[] মার্কভ প্রক্রিয়া সম্পর্কে আরও: + -[] [কোর মার্কভ টেক্সট জেনারেশন] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + -[] [মার্কেভ টেক্সট জেনারেশনের মূল প্রয়োগকারী] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + -[] [প্রকল্প = মার্কভ টেক্সট জেনারেশন ওয়াক থ্রো] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + -নীচে এমআইটি 6.050J তথ্য এবং এন্ট্রপি সিরিজে আরও দেখুন। + +-###সমতা এবং হামিং কোড (ভিডিও) + -[] [পরিচয়] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + -[] [সমতা] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + -[] হামিং কোড: + -[ত্রুটি সনাক্তকরণ] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) + -[ত্রুটি সংশোধন] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) + -[] [ত্রুটি পরীক্ষা করা] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + +-###এন্ট্রপি + -নীচে ভিডিও দেখুন + -প্রথমে তথ্য তত্ত্বের ভিডিওগুলি নিশ্চিত করে দেখুন + -[] [তথ্য তত্ত্ব, ক্লড শ্যানন, এন্ট্রপি, রিডানডেন্সি, ডেটা সংক্ষেপণ এবং বিটস (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + +-###ক্রিপ্টোগ্রাফি + -নীচে ভিডিও দেখুন + -প্রথমে তথ্য তত্ত্বের ভিডিওগুলি নিশ্চিত করে দেখুন + -[] [খান একাডেমি সিরিজ] (https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-s विज्ञान/cryptography) + -[] [ক্রিপ্টোগ্রাফি: হ্যাশ ফাংশন] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + -[] [ক্রিপ্টোগ্রাফি: এনক্রিপশন] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +-###সঙ্কোচন + -প্রথমে তথ্য তত্ত্বের ভিডিওগুলি নিশ্চিত করে দেখুন + -[] কম্পিউটারফিল (ভিডিও): + -[] [সংক্ষেপণ] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + -[] [সংকোচনে এন্ট্রপি] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + -[] [উপরে গাছগুলি (হাফম্যান গাছ)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + -[] [অতিরিক্ত বিটস / ট্রিটস-হাফম্যান ট্রি] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + -[] [পাঠ্যে মার্জিত সংকোচনের (এলজেড 77 77 পদ্ধতি)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + -[] [পাঠ্য সংক্ষেপণ সম্ভাবনার সাথে মিলিত হয়) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + -[] [সংক্ষেপক প্রধান ভিডিও] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + -[] [(alচ্ছিক) গুগল বিকাশকারীদের লাইভ: জিজেপআইপি যথেষ্ট নয়!] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) + +-###কম্পিউটার নিরাপত্তা + -[এমআইটি (২৩ টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + -[] [ভূমিকা, হুমকির মডেল] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + -[] [হাইজ্যাকিং আক্রমণকে নিয়ন্ত্রণ করুন] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + -[] [বাফার ওভারফ্লো শোষণ এবং প্রতিরক্ষা] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + -[] [প্রিভিলেজ বিচ্ছেদ] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + -[] [সক্ষমতা] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + -[] [স্যান্ডবক্সিং নেটিভ কোড] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + -[] [ওয়েব সুরক্ষা মডেল] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + -[] [ওয়েব অ্যাপ্লিকেশনগুলি সুরক্ষিত করা] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + -[] [সিম্বলিক এক্সিকিউশন] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + -[] [নেটওয়ার্ক সুরক্ষা] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + -[] [নেটওয়ার্ক প্রোটোকল] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + -[] [সাইড-চ্যানেল আক্রমণগুলি) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +-###আবর্জনা সংগ্রহ + -[] [পাইথনে জিসি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + -[] [ডিপ ডাইভ জাভা: আবর্জনা সংগ্রহ ভাল!] (Https://www.infoq.com/preferencesations/garbage-colલેક્--সুবিধা) + -[] [ডিপ ডাইভ পাইথন: সিপিথনে আবর্জনা সংগ্রহ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) + +-###সমান্তরাল প্রোগ্রামিং + -[] [কোর্সেরা (স্কালা)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + -[] [উচ্চ পারফরম্যান্স প্যারালাল কম্পিউটিংয়ের জন্য দক্ষ পাইথন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + +-###মেসেজিং, সিরিয়ালাইজেশন এবং কুইউিং সিস্টেম + -[] [থ্রিফট] (https://thrift.apache.org/) + -[টিউটোরিয়াল] (http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) + -[] [প্রোটোকল বাফারস) (https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + -[টিউটোরিয়াল] (https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) + -[] [জিআরপিসি] (http://www.grpc.io/) + -[জাভা ডেভেলপারদের (ভিডিও) জন্য জিআরপিসি 101] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJOL&index=1) + -[] [রেডিস] (http://redis.io/) + -[টিউটোরিয়াল] (http://try.redis.io/) + -[] [আমাজন এসকিউএস (সারি)] (https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + -[] [অ্যামাজন এসএনএস (পাব সাব)] (https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + -[] [র‌্যাবিট এমকিউ] (https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + -[শুরু করুন] (https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) + -[] [সেলারি] (http://www.celeryproject.org/) + -[সিলারির সাথে প্রথম পদক্ষেপ] (http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-st সূত্র / প্রথম পদক্ষেপ-উইথ-সিলারি html) + -[] [জিরো কিউ] (http://zeromq.org/) + -[পরিচয়-ম্যানুয়াল পড়ুন] (http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) + -[] [অ্যাক্টিভ এমকিউ] (http://activemq.apache.org/) + -[] [কাফকা] (http://kafka.apache.org/docamentation.html#intr پيداوار) + -[] [বার্তা প্যাক] (http://msgpack.org/index.html) + -[] [অভ্র] (https://avro.apache.org/) + +-###এ * + -[] [একটি অনুসন্ধান অ্যালগরিদম] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + -[] [একটি * প্যাথফাইন্ডিং টিউটোরিয়াল (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + -[] [এ * প্যাথফাইন্ডিং (E01: অ্যালগরিদম ব্যাখ্যা) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) + +-###ফাস্ট ফোরিয়ার ট্রান্সফর্ম + -[] [ফুরিয়ার ট্রান্সফর্মের জন্য একটি ইন্টারেক্টিভ গাইড] (https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + -[] [ফুরিয়ার রূপান্তর কী? এটি কীসের জন্য ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে?] (Http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-কি-is-a-fourier-transform-কি-is-it-used-for/) + -[] [ফুরিয়ার ট্রান্সফর্ম কী? (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + -[] [ভাগ করুন এবং বিজয়: এফএফটি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + -[] [এফএফটি বোঝা] (http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/ বোঝা-the-fft/) + +-###ব্লুম ফিল্টার + -এম বিট এবং কে হ্যাশিং ফাংশন সহ একটি ব্লুম ফিল্টার দেওয়া, সন্নিবেশ এবং সদস্যপদ পরীক্ষা উভয়ই হ'ল (কে) + -[ব্লুম ফিল্টার (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SUTGoFYjZs) + -[ব্লুম ফিল্টার | ম্যাসিভ ডেটাসেটের খনন | স্ট্যানফোর্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + -[টিউটোরিয়াল] (http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) + -[ব্লুম ফিল্টার অ্যাপ কীভাবে লিখবেন] (http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) + +-###হাইপারলগলগ + -[কেবল মাত্র 1.5 কেবি মেমরি ব্যবহার করে এক বিলিয়ন স্বতন্ত্র বিষয়গুলি কীভাবে গণনা করতে হবে) (http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) + +-###লোকালয়-সংবেদনশীল হ্যাশিং + -নথির সাদৃশ্য নির্ধারণ করতে ব্যবহৃত + -MD5 বা SHA এর বিপরীত যা 2 টি নথি / স্ট্রিং ঠিক একই কিনা তা নির্ধারণ করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। + -[সিমহাশিং (আশাবাদী) সহজ করে]] (http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) + +-###ভ্যান এমডে বোস ট্রি + -[] [ভাগ করুন এবং জয়লাভ করুন: ভ্যান এমডে বোস ট্রি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + -[] [এমআইটি লেকচার নোটস] (https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes / MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + +-###সংযুক্ত ডেটা কাঠামো + -[] [সিএস 61 বি লেকচার 39: ডেটা স্ট্রাকচারগুলিকে বাড়িয়ে তোলা] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) + +-###ভারসাম্যযুক্ত অনুসন্ধান গাছ + -কমপক্ষে এক ধরণের সুষম বাইনারি ট্রি জানুন (এবং এটি কীভাবে প্রয়োগ করা হয় তা জানুন): + -"সুষম অনুসন্ধান গাছগুলির মধ্যে, এভিএল এবং ২/৩ টি গাছ এখন পাস é এবং লাল-কালো গাছগুলি আরও জনপ্রিয় বলে মনে হচ্ছে। + একটি বিশেষ আকর্ষণীয় স্ব-সংগঠিত ডেটা কাঠামো হ'ল স্প্লে ট্রি, যা ঘূর্ণন ব্যবহার করে + যে কোনও অ্যাক্সেসযুক্ত কীটি রুটে নিয়ে যেতে ""-স্কিয়েনা + -এর মধ্যে আমি একটি স্প্লে গাছকে বাস্তবায়ন করতে বেছে নিয়েছি। আমি যা পড়েছি তা থেকে আপনি একটি বাস্তবায়ন করবেন না + আপনার সাক্ষাত্কারে ভারসাম্যযুক্ত অনুসন্ধান গাছ। তবে আমি একটি আপ কোডিং এক্সপোজার চেয়েছিলেন + এবং আসুন এটির মুখোমুখি হওয়া, স্প্লে গাছগুলি মৌমাছির হাঁটু। আমি প্রচুর লাল-কালো গাছের কোডটি পড়েছি। + -স্প্লে ট্রি: সন্নিবেশ, অনুসন্ধান, ফাংশন মুছুন + যদি আপনি লাল / কালো গাছ প্রয়োগ করে শেষ করেন তবে এইগুলি ব্যবহার করে দেখুন: + -অনুসন্ধান এবং সন্নিবেশ ফাংশন, মুছুন এড়ানো + -আমি বি-ট্রি সম্পর্কে আরও জানতে চাই যেহেতু এটি খুব বড় ডেটা সেটগুলির সাথে এত ব্যাপকভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। + -[] [স্ব-ভারসাম্য বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান বৃক্ষ] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/S سیل-ব্যালেন্সিং_বাইনারি_সার্চ_ট্রি) + + -[] ** এভিএল গাছ ** + -প্রস্তুতিতে: + আমি যা বলতে পারি, সেগুলি থেকে অনুশীলনে এগুলি বেশি ব্যবহার করা হয় না, তবে আমি দেখতে পেতাম তারা কোথায় থাকবে: + এভিএল ট্রি ও (লগ এন) অনুসন্ধান, সন্নিবেশ এবং অপসারণকে সমর্থনকারী আরেকটি কাঠামো। এটি আরও কঠোরভাবে হয় + লাল – কালো গাছের চেয়ে সুষম, ধীরে ধীরে সন্নিবেশ এবং অপসারণ কিন্তু দ্রুত পুনরুদ্ধারের দিকে পরিচালিত করে। এটি এটি তোলে + ডেটা স্ট্রাকচারের জন্য আকর্ষণীয় যা একবারে তৈরি করা যেতে পারে এবং ভাষা যেমন পুনর্গঠন ছাড়াই লোড করা যেতে পারে + অভিধানগুলি (বা প্রোগ্রামের অভিধান, যেমন কোনও এসেম্বলার বা দোভাষীর অপকডস)। + -[] [এমআইটি এভিএল গাছ / এভিএল সাজান (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + -[] [এভিএল ট্রি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/ নির্বাচন / Qq5E0/avl-trees) + -[] [এভিএল ট্রি বাস্তবায়ন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-বাস্তবায়ন) + -[] [স্প্লিট এবং মার্জ করুন] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-विसর) + + -[] ** গাছ স্প্লে ** + -প্রস্তুতিতে: + স্প্লে গাছগুলি সাধারণত ক্যাশে, মেমরি বরাদ্দকারী, রাউটার, আবর্জনা সংগ্রহকারী, + উইন্ডোজ এনটি-তে (ভার্চুয়াল মেমরির মধ্যে, ডেটা সংক্ষেপণ, দড়ি (দীর্ঘ পাঠ্য স্ট্রিংয়ের জন্য ব্যবহৃত স্ট্রিংয়ের প্রতিস্থাপন)) + নেটওয়ার্কিং এবং ফাইল সিস্টেম কোড) ইত্যাদি + -[] [সিএস 61 বি: স্প্লে ট্রি (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) + -[] এমআইটি বক্তৃতা: স্প্লে ট্রি: + -খুব ম্যাথী পেয়েছে তবে নিশ্চিত হয়ে 10 মিনিট দেখুন। + -[ভিডিও] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) + + -[] ** লাল / কালো গাছ ** + -এটি একটি 2-3 গাছের অনুবাদ (নীচে দেখুন) + -প্রস্তুতিতে: + লাল – কালো গাছগুলি সন্নিবেশের সময়, মোছার সময় এবং অনুসন্ধানের সময়ের জন্য সবচেয়ে খারাপ গ্যারান্টি সরবরাহ করে। + এটি কেবল তাদেরকে সময়-সংবেদনশীল অ্যাপ্লিকেশন যেমন রিয়েল-টাইম অ্যাপ্লিকেশনগুলিতে মূল্যবান করে তোলে না, + তবে এটি তাদের অন্যান্য ডেটা স্ট্রাকচারগুলিতে মূল্যবান বিল্ডিং ব্লক করে তোলে যা সবচেয়ে খারাপ ক্ষেত্রে গ্যারান্টি সরবরাহ করে; + উদাহরণস্বরূপ, গণনা জ্যামিতিতে ব্যবহৃত অনেক ডেটা স্ট্রাকচারগুলি লাল – কালো গাছের উপর ভিত্তি করে এবং + বর্তমান লিনাক্স কার্নেলগুলিতে ব্যবহৃত সম্পূর্ণ ফেয়ার সিডিউলার লাল-কালো গাছ ব্যবহার করে। জাভার 8 সংস্করণে, + সংগ্রহের হ্যাশম্যাপটি এমনভাবে সংশোধন করা হয়েছে যে দুর্বলদের সাথে অভিন্ন উপাদানগুলি সংরক্ষণ করতে লিংকডলিস্ট ব্যবহার না করে + হ্যাশকোডস, একটি লাল-কালো গাছ ব্যবহৃত হয়। + -[] [আদুনি-অ্যালগরিদম-লেকচার 4 (সূচনার পয়েন্টে লিংক লাফ করুন) (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + -[] [আদুনি-অ্যালগরিদম-লেকচার 5 (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + -[] [লাল-কালো বৃক্ষ] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93 ব্ল্যাক_ট্রি) + -[] [বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান এবং লাল কালো গাছের পরিচিতি] (https://www.topcoder.com/commune/competitive-pogramming/tutorials/an-intr Produc-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees /) + + -[] ** ২-৩ টি অনুসন্ধান গাছ ** + -প্রস্তুতিতে: + ধীরে ধীরে অনুসন্ধানের ব্যয়ে 2-3 টি গাছে দ্রুত সন্নিবেশ থাকে (যেহেতু এভিএল গাছের তুলনায় উচ্চতা বেশি)। + -আপনি খুব সহজেই 2-3 গাছ ব্যবহার করবেন কারণ এর প্রয়োগে নোডের বিভিন্ন ধরণের জড়িত। পরিবর্তে লোকে লোহিত কালো গাছ ব্যবহার করে। + -[] [২৩-গাছের অন্তর্দৃষ্টি এবং সংজ্ঞা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + -[] [২৩-গাছের দ্বিখণ্ডিত ভিউ] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + -[] [২-৩ টি গাছ (ছাত্র আবৃত্তি) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + + -[] ** ২-৩-৪ টি গাছ (ওরফ ২-৪ টি গাছ) ** + -প্রস্তুতিতে: + প্রতি 2-4 টি গাছের জন্য, একই ক্রমে ডেটা উপাদানগুলির সাথে সম্পর্কিত লাল – কালো গাছ রয়েছে। সন্নিবেশ এবং মোছা + 2-4 টি গাছের ক্রিয়াকলাপগুলি রঙ-ফ্লিপিং এবং লাল-কালো গাছে ঘূর্ণনের সমতুল্য। এটি 2-4 গাছ একটি করে + লাল-কালো গাছগুলির পিছনে যুক্তি বোঝার জন্য গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সরঞ্জাম এবং এ কারণেই অনেক সূচনা অ্যালগরিদম পাঠগুলি প্রবর্তন করে + লাল-কালো গাছের ঠিক আগে 2-4 টি গাছ, যদিও ** 2-4 টি গাছ সাধারণত অনুশীলনে ব্যবহৃত হয় না **। + -[] [সিএস 61 বি লেকচার 26: ভারসাম্যযুক্ত অনুসন্ধান গাছ (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) + -[] [নীচে 234-গাছ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + -[] [শীর্ষস্থানীয় 234-গাছ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + + -[] ** এন-অ্যারি (কে-আরি, এম-আরি) গাছগুলি ** + -দ্রষ্টব্য: এন বা কে শাখা প্রশাখার উপাদান (সর্বাধিক শাখা) + -বাইনারি গাছগুলি একটি 2-অ্যারি গাছ, যার শাখা ফ্যাক্টর = 2 থাকে + -2-3 গাছ 3-ary হয় + -[] [কে-আর্য গাছ] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + + -[] ** বি-ট্রিস ** + -মজার ঘটনা: এটি একটি রহস্য, তবে বি বোয়িং, ভারসাম্যহীন বা বায়ারের পক্ষে (সহ-উদ্ভাবক) দাঁড়াতে পারে + -প্রস্তুতিতে: + বি-ট্রিগুলি ডেটাবেজে ব্যাপকভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। বেশিরভাগ আধুনিক ফাইল সিস্টেমগুলি বি-ট্রি (বা ভেরিয়েন্ট) ব্যবহার করে। এ ছাড়াও + ডাটাবেসগুলিতে এর ব্যবহার, বি-ট্রি ফাইল সিস্টেমে একটি স্বতন্ত্রভাবে দ্রুত এলোমেলো অ্যাক্সেসের জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয় allow + একটি নির্দিষ্ট ফাইল ব্লক। মূল সমস্যাটি হ'ল ফাইল ব্লক আই ঠিকানাটিকে ডিস্ক ব্লকে পরিণত করে into + (বা সম্ভবত একটি সিলিন্ডার-মাথা-সেক্টর) ঠিকানা। + -[] [বি-ট্রি] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + -[] [বি-ট্রি ডেটাস্ট্রাকচার] (http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) + -[] [বি-ট্রিগুলির পরিচিতি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tToGO&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + -[] [বি-ট্রি সংজ্ঞা এবং সন্নিবেশ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + -[] [বি-ট্রি মুছে ফেলা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + -[] [এমআইটি 85.৮৫১-মেমরি হায়ারার্কি মডেলগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + -ক্যাশে-বিস্মৃত বি-গাছগুলি কভার করে, খুব আকর্ষণীয় ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার + -প্রথম 37 মিনিট খুব প্রযুক্তিগত, এড়িয়ে যেতে পারে (বি ব্লকের আকার, ক্যাশে লাইনের আকার) + + +-###কেডি গাছ + -একটি আয়তক্ষেত্র বা উচ্চ মাত্রার অবজেক্টে পয়েন্ট সংখ্যা সন্ধানের জন্য দুর্দান্ত + -কে-নিকটতম প্রতিবেশীদের জন্য ভাল ফিট + -[] [কেডি ট্রিস (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + -[] [কেএনএন কেডি ট্রি অ্যালগোরিদম (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + +-###তালিকা বাদ দিন + -"এগুলি কিছুটা কাল্ট ডেটা কাঠামো"-স্কিয়েনা + -[] [র্যান্ডমাইজেশন: তালিকাগুলি বাদ দিন (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + -[] [অ্যানিমেশন এবং আরও বিশদ জন্য] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + +-###নেটওয়ার্ক প্রবাহ + -[] [5 মিনিটে ফোর্ড-ফুলকারসন-ধাপে ধাপে উদাহরণ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) + -[] [ফোর্ড-ফুলকারসন অ্যালগরিদম (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + -[] [নেটওয়ার্ক প্রবাহ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + +-###অসম্পূর্ণ সেট ও ইউনিয়ন অনুসন্ধান করুন + -[] [ইউসিবি 61 বি-বিচ্ছিন্ন সেটগুলি; বাছাই ও নির্বাচন (ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) + -[] [সেডজউইক অ্যালগরিদম-ইউনিয়ন-সন্ধান (6 টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) + +-###দ্রুত প্রক্রিয়াজাতকরণের জন্য গণিত + -[] [পূর্ণসংখ্যার গাণিতিক, করাতসুবা গুণ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + -[] [চীনা রেমেন্ডার উপপাদ্য (ক্রিপ্টোগ্রাফিতে ব্যবহৃত) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + +-###ট্রেপ + -একটি বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান গাছ এবং একটি গাদা সংমিশ্রণ + -[] [ট্রেপ] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/Treap) + -[] [ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার: ট্র্যাপগুলি ব্যাখ্যা করা হয়েছে (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + -[] [সেট অপারেশনে অ্যাপ্লিকেশন] (https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + +-###লিনিয়ার প্রোগ্রামিং (ভিডিও) + -[] [লিনিয়ার প্রোগ্রামিং] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + -[] [সর্বনিম্ন ব্যয় সন্ধান করা] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + -[] [সর্বাধিক মান সন্ধান করা] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + -[] [পাইথনের সাথে লিনিয়ার সমীকরণগুলি সমাধান করুন-সিম্প্লেক্স অ্যালগরিদম] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) + +-###জ্যামিতি, উত্তল হাল (ভিডিও) + -[] [গ্রাফ আলগ চতুর্থ: জ্যামিতিক অ্যালগোরিদমগুলিতে পরিচিতি-বক্তৃতা 9] (https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + -[] [জ্যামিতিক অ্যালগোরিদম: গ্রাহাম এবং জার্ভিস-প্রবন্ধ 10] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + -[] [ভাগ করুন এবং জয়লাভ করুন: উত্তল হাল, মিডিয়ান ফাইন্ডিং] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + +-###স্বতন্ত্র গণিত + -নীচে ভিডিও দেখুন + +-###মেশিন লার্নিং + -[] কেন এমএল? + -[] [গুগল নিজেকে মেশিন লার্নিং ফার্স্ট সংস্থা হিসাবে নিজেকে কীভাবে স্মরণ করছে] (https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + -[] [ইন্টেলিজেন্ট কম্পিউটার সিস্টেমের জন্য বৃহত্তর স্কেল গভীর শিক্ষা (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + -[] [পিটার নরভিগের দ্বারা ডিপ লার্নিং অ্যান্ড বোধগম্যতা বনাম সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং এবং যাচাইকরণ] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + -[] [গুগলের ক্লাউড মেশিন শেখার সরঞ্জামগুলি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + -[] [গুগল বিকাশকারীদের মেশিন লার্নিং রেসিপি (সাইকিট শিখুন এবং টেনস্রোফ্লো) (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + -[] [টেনসরফ্লো (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + -[] [টেনসরফ্লো টিউটোরিয়াল] (https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) + -[] [পাইথনে নিউরাল নেটওয়ার্ক বাস্তবায়নের ব্যবহারিক গাইড (থিওনো ব্যবহার করে)] (http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + -কোর্স: + -[দুর্দান্ত স্টার্টার কোর্স: মেশিন লার্নিং] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) + -[কেবলমাত্র ভিডিও] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) + -লিনিয়ার বীজগণিতের পর্যালোচনার জন্য ভিডিওগুলি 12-18 দেখুন (14 এবং 15 টি সদৃশ) + -[মেশিন লার্নিংয়ের জন্য নিউরাল নেটওয়ার্ক] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-নেট ওয়ার্কস) + -[গুগলের ডিপ লার্নিং ন্যানোডগ্রি] (https://www.udacity.com/course/DP-learning--ud730) + -[গুগল / কাগল মেশিন লার্নিং ইঞ্জিনিয়ার ন্যানোডগ্রি] (https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) + -[স্ব-চালনা কার ইঞ্জিনিয়ার ন্যানোডগ্রি] (https://www.udacity.com/drive) + -[মেটিস অনলাইন কোর্স (2 মাসের জন্য 99 ডলার)] (http://www.thisismetis.com / এক্সপ্লোর-ডেটা-বিজ্ঞান) + -সংস্থানসমূহ: + -বই: + -[পাইথন মেশিন লার্নিং] (https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) + -[স্ক্র্যাচ থেকে ডেটা সায়েন্স: পাইথন সহ প্রথম নীতিগুলি] (https://www.amazon.com/Data-Sज्ञान-Scratch-প্রিন্সিপালস-পাইথন/dp/149190142X) + -[পাইথনের সাথে মেশিন লার্নিংয়ের পরিচিতি] (https://www.amazon.com/Intr Productions-Machine-Learning-পাইথন-বিজ্ঞানী / dp/1449369413/) + -[সফটওয়্যার ইঞ্জিনিয়ারদের জন্য মেশিন লার্নিং] (https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) + -ডেটা স্কুল: http://www.dataschool.io/ + +
+ +--- + +##কিছু বিষয় সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত বিশদ + +
+<সুমারী> কিছু বিষয় সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত বিবরণ + + আমি ইতিমধ্যে উপরে উপস্থাপন করা কিছু ধারণাকে শক্তিশালী করতে এগুলি যুক্ত করেছি, তবে সেগুলি অন্তর্ভুক্ত করতে চাইনি + উপরে কারণ এটি ঠিক অনেক বেশি। কোনও বিষয়ে এটি অতিরিক্ত পরিমাণে নেওয়া সহজ। + আপনি এই শতাব্দীতে ভাড়া পেতে চান, তাই না? + +-[] ** ইউনিয়ন-সন্ধান করুন ** + -[] [ওভারভিউ] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/ নির্বাচন / জেএসএসওয়াই / ওভারভিউ) + -[] [নিষ্পাপ বাস্তবায়ন] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-আইনীকরণ) + -[] [গাছগুলি] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + -[] [র‌্যাঙ্ক অনুসারে ইউনিয়ন] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + -[] [পথ সংক্ষেপণ] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/ নির্বাচন / Q9CVI/path-compression) + -[] [বিশ্লেষণ বিকল্পসমূহ) (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) + +-[] ** আরও ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং ** (ভিডিও) + -[] 6..০০০০: ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং আই: ফিবোনাচি, সবচেয়ে ছোট পাথ] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + -[] 6..০০০০: ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং II: পাঠ্য সমর্থন, ব্ল্যাকজ্যাক] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + -[] 6..০০০০: ডিপি তৃতীয়: প্যারেন্টেসাইজেশন, দূরত্ব সম্পাদনা, ন্যাপস্যাক] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZWCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + -[] 6..০০০০: ডিপি চতুর্থ: গিটার ফিঙ্গারিং, টেট্রিস, সুপার মারিও ব্রোস।] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + -[] 6.০4646: ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং ও অ্যাডভান্সড ডিপি] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + -[] [.0.০4646: ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং: সর্ব-সংক্ষিপ্ততম পথ] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + -[] 6.০4646: ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং (শিক্ষার্থী আবৃত্তি)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) + +-[] ** উন্নত গ্রাফ প্রসেসিং ** (ভিডিও) + -[] [সিঙ্ক্রোনাস বিতরণ করা অ্যালগরিদম: প্রতিসাম্যতা-ব্রেকিং। সংক্ষিপ্ততম পথগুলি ছড়িয়ে পড়া গাছ] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + -[] [অ্যাসিনক্রোনাস বিতরণ করা অ্যালগরিদম: সংক্ষিপ্ততম পথগুলি ছড়িয়ে পড়া গাছ] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) + +-[] এমআইটি ** সম্ভাবনা ** (ম্যাথি, এবং ধীরে ধীরে যান, যা ম্যাথিক জিনিসগুলির পক্ষে ভাল) (ভিডিও): + -[] [এমআইটি 6.042 জ-সম্ভাবনার পরিচিতি] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + -[] [এমআইটি 6.042 জে-শর্তাধীন সম্ভাবনা] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + -[] [এমআইটি 6.042 জ-স্বাধীনতা] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + -[] [এমআইটি 6.042 জে-র্যান্ডম ভেরিয়েবলস] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + -[] [এমআইটি 6.042 জ-প্রত্যাশা আই] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + -[] [এমআইটি 6.042 জ-প্রত্যাশা II] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + -[] [এমআইটি 6.042 জে-বড় বিচ্যুতি] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + -[] [এমআইটি 6.042 জে-র্যান্ডম ওয়াকস] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) + +-[] [সিমসন: আনুমানিক অ্যালগরিদম (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) + +-[] ** স্ট্রিং ম্যাচিং ** + -[] রবিন-কার্প (ভিডিও): + -[রবিন কার্পস অ্যালগরিদম] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) + -[প্রিকম্পুটিং] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) + -[অপ্টিমাইজেশন: বাস্তবায়ন এবং বিশ্লেষণ] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-বাস্তবায়ন-এবং-বিশ্লেষণ) + -[টেবিল ডাবলিং, কার্প-রবিন] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) + -[রোলিং হ্যাশস, ইমোর্টাইজড বিশ্লেষণ] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) + -[] নুথ-মরিস-প্র্যাট (কেএমপি): + -[টিউথ-মরিস-প্র্যাট (কেএমপি) স্ট্রিং ম্যাচিং অ্যালগরিদম] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) + -[] বায়ার – মুর স্ট্রিং অনুসন্ধানের অ্যালগরিদম + -[বয়ূর-মুর স্ট্রিং অনুসন্ধান অ্যালগরিদম] (https://en.wikedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93 মুর_স্ট্রিং_সার্চ_ালগোরিদম) + -[অ্যাডভান্সড স্ট্রিং বয়েয়ার-মুর-হর্সপুল অ্যালগরিদমস (ভিডিও) অনুসন্ধান করছে] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) + -[] [কোর্সেরা: স্ট্রিংগুলিতে অ্যালগরিদম] (https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + -দুর্দান্ত শুরু হয় তবে কেএমপি কেটে যাওয়ার সময় এটি যতটা প্রয়োজন তত বেশি জটিল হয়ে যায় + -চেষ্টা সুন্দর ব্যাখ্যা + -এড়িয়ে যেতে পারে + +-[ ] **শ্রেণীবিভাজন** + + -[] স্ট্যানফোর্ড বাছাই সম্পর্কিত বক্তৃতা: + -[] [বক্তৃতা 15 | প্রোগ্রামিং বিমূর্তি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + -[] [বক্তৃতা 16 | প্রোগ্রামিং বিমূর্তি (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + -[] শাই সায়মনসন, [অ্যাডুনি.আর।] (Http://www.aduni.org/): + -[] [অ্যালগরিদম-বাছাই-লেকচার 2 (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + -[] [অ্যালগরিদম-দ্বিতীয়টি বাছাই-লেকচার 3 (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + -[[] স্টিভেন স্কিয়েনা বাছাই সম্পর্কিত বক্তৃতা: + -[] [বক্তৃতা 26:46 এ শুরু হয় (ভিডিও)] (https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + -[] [বক্তৃতা 27:40 এ শুরু হয় (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + -[] [বক্তৃতা শুরু হয় ৩৫:০০ এ (ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + -[] [বক্তৃতা 23:50 (ভিডিও) এ শুরু হচ্ছে] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + +
+ +##ভিডিও সিরিজ + +ফিরে বসে উপভোগ করুন। "নেটফ্লিক্স এবং দক্ষতা": পি + +
+<সুমারী> ভিডিও সিরিজ + +-[] [স্বতন্ত্র ডায়নামিক প্রোগ্রামিং সমস্যার তালিকা (প্রত্যেকটি সংক্ষিপ্ত)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + +-[] [x86 আর্কিটেকচার, সমাবেশ, অ্যাপ্লিকেশনগুলি (১১ টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) + +-[] [এমআইটি 18.06 লিনিয়ার বীজগণিত, বসন্ত 2005 (35 টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) + +-[] [দুর্দান্ত-এমআইটি ক্যালকুলাস পুনর্বিবেচনা: একক চলক ক্যালকুলাস] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) + +-[] [কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞান 70, 001-বসন্ত 2015-বিচ্ছিন্ন গণিত এবং সম্ভাবনা তত্ত্ব] (http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-sज्ञान/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) + +-[] [শায়ে সাইমনসন দ্বারা পৃথক গণিত (19 টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) + +-[] [সারদা হার্কের স্বতন্ত্র গণিতের প্রথম ভাগ (৫ টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) + +-[] সিএসই 373-অ্যালগরিদমের বিশ্লেষণ (25 টি ভিডিও) + -[আলগোরিদম ডিজাইন ম্যানুয়াল থেকে স্কিয়েনা বক্তৃতা] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) + +-[] [ইউসি বার্কলে 61 বি (স্প্রিং 2014): ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার (25 টি ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) + +-[] [ইউসি বার্কলে B১ বি (পতন 2006): ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার (39 ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + +-[] [ইউসি বার্কলে 61 সি: মেশিন স্ট্রাকচারস (26 টি ভিডিও)] (https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) + +-[] ওওএসই: ইউএমএল এবং জাভা ব্যবহার করে সফটওয়্যার ডেভ (21 টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + +-[] U [ইউসি বার্কলে সিএস 152: কম্পিউটার আর্কিটেকচার অ্যান্ড ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং (20 টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXW-2Fuo32qr) ~~ + +-[] [এমআইটি 00.০০০০: গণনা কাঠামো (৪৯ টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDSlqjcPpoL64CJdF0Qee5oWqGS6we_Yu) + +-[] [কার্নেগি মেলন-কম্পিউটার আর্কিটেকচার লেকচার (39 টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) + +-[] [এমআইটি 00.০০০০: অ্যালগরিদমগুলিতে পরিচয় (৪ videos টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) + +-[] [এমআইটি .0.০৩৩৩: কম্পিউটার সিস্টেম ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং (২২ টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) + +-[] [এমআইটি 6.034 কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা, পতন 2010 (30 টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) + +-[] [এমআইটি 6.042 জ: কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানের জন্য গণিত, পতন 2010 (25 টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + +-[] [এমআইটি .0.০4646: অ্যালগরিদমের নকশা ও বিশ্লেষণ (৩৪ টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +-[] [এমআইটি 6.050J: তথ্য ও এন্ট্রপি, স্প্রিং 2008 (19 টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) + +-[] [এমআইটি 85.৮৮১: উন্নত ডেটা স্ট্রাকচার (২২ টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) + +-[] [এমআইটি 6.854: অ্যাডভান্সড অ্যালগরিদম, স্প্রিং 2016 (24 ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) + +-[] [হার্ভার্ড COMPSCI 224: উন্নত অ্যালগরিদম (25 টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) + +-[] [এমআইটি 6.858 কম্পিউটার সিস্টেমস সুরক্ষা, পতন 2014] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +-[] [স্ট্যানফোর্ড: প্রোগ্রামিং প্যারাডিজমস (২ videos টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) + +-[] [ক্রিস্টোফ পার দ্বারা ক্রিপ্টোগ্রাফির পরিচিতি] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) + -[স্লাইডস এবং সমস্যা সেটের পাশাপাশি কোর্স ওয়েবসাইট] (http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) + +-[] [মাইনিং ম্যাসিভ ডেটাসেটস-স্ট্যানফোর্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় (৯৯ টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) + +-[] [সারদা হার্কের গ্রাফ থিওরি (videos 67 টি ভিডিও)] (https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) + +
+ +##কম্পিউটার সায়েন্স কোর্স + +-[অনলাইন সিএস কোর্সগুলির ডিরেক্টরি] (https://github.com/open-source-sociversity/computer-s विज्ञान) +-[সিএস কোর্সের ডিরেক্টরী (অনেকগুলি অনলাইন লেকচার সহ)] (https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) + +##কাগজপত্র + +
+পেপারস + +-[ক্লাসিক কাগজগুলি ভালবাসেন?] (Https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) +-[] [1978: সিক্যুয়ালাল প্রক্রিয়াগুলি যোগাযোগ করে] (http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + -[গো প্রয়োগ করা হয়েছে] (https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) +-[] [2003: গুগল ফাইল সিস্টেম] (http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + -2012 সালে কলসাস দ্বারা প্রতিস্থাপিত +-[] [২০০৪: ম্যাপ্রেডস: বড় ক্লাস্টারগুলিতে সরলীকৃত ডেটা প্রসেসিং] (http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + -বেশিরভাগ ক্লাউড ডেটাফ্লো দ্বারা প্রতিস্থাপিত হয়? +-[] [২০০:: বিগ টেবিল: স্ট্রাকচার্ড ডেটার জন্য বিতরণযোগ্য স্টোরেজ সিস্টেম] (https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) + -[গুগল বিগকুইয়ারির অভ্যন্তরীণ চেহারা] (https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) +-[] [২০০:: আলগা-কাপল ডিস্ট্রিবিউটেড সিস্টেমগুলির জন্য নিবিড় লক পরিষেবা] (https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) +-[] [২০০:: ডায়নামো: অ্যামাজনের সর্বোচ্চ উপলব্ধ কী-মান স্টোর] (http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributes/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) + -ডায়নামো কাগজটি নোএসকিউএল বিপ্লবটিকে সরিয়ে দিয়েছে +-[] [২০০:: প্রতিটি প্রোগ্রামার মেমোরি সম্পর্কে যা জানতে হবে (খুব দীর্ঘ, এবং লেখক কিছু বিভাগ বাদ দেওয়া উত্সাহিত করে)] (https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) +-[] [২০১০: ড্যাপার, একটি বৃহত্তর স্কেল বিতরণযোগ্য সিস্টেম ট্র্যাকিংয়ের পরিকাঠামো] (https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) +-[] [২০১০: ড্রিমেল: ওয়েব-স্কেল ডেটাসেটের ইন্টারেক্টিভ বিশ্লেষণ] (https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) +-[] [২০১২: গুগলের কলসাস] (https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) + -কাগজ পাওয়া যায় না +-[] 2012: অ্যাড্রেস স্যানিটাইজার: একটি দ্রুত ঠিকানা স্যানিটি পরীক্ষক: + -[কাগজ] (http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + -[ভিডিও] (https://www.usenix.org/conferences/atc12/technical-sessions/preferencesation/serebryany) +-[] 2013: স্প্যানার: গুগলের বিশ্বব্যাপী বিতরণ ডেটাবেস: + -[কাগজ] (http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + -[ভিডিও] (https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) +-[] [২০১৪: মেশিন লার্নিং: প্রযুক্তিগত tণের উচ্চ-আগ্রহের ক্রেডিট কার্ড] (http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) +-[] [২০১৫: গুগলে অবিচ্ছিন্ন পাইপলাইন] (http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +-[] [২০১৫: বৃহত্তর স্কেলে উচ্চ-প্রাপ্যতা: বিজ্ঞাপনগুলির জন্য গুগলের ডেটা অবকাঠামো তৈরি করা] (https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +-[] [২০১৫: টেনসরফ্লো: বিজাতীয় বিতরণকারী সিস্টেমে বৃহত্তর স্কেল মেশিন লার্নিং] (http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/ whitepaper2015.pdf) +-[] [২০১৫: কীভাবে ডেভলপাররা কোড অনুসন্ধান করে: একটি কেস স্টাডি] (http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +-[] [২০১:: বোর্গ, ওমেগা এবং কুবারনেটস] (http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) + +
+ +##লাইসেন্স + +[সিসি-বাই-এসএ-4.0] (./ LICENSE.txt) + diff --git a/translations/README-cn.md b/translations/README-cn.md index 257824c..72d6b46 100644 --- a/translations/README-cn.md +++ b/translations/README-cn.md @@ -1,19 +1,77 @@ -# [译] Coding Interview University 一套完整的学习手册帮助自己准备 Google 的面试 +# Coding Interview University -> * 原文地址：[Coding Interview University](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university) -* 原文作者：[John Washam](https://github.com/jwasham) -* 译文出自：[掘金翻译计划](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner) -* 译者：[aleen42](https://github.com/aleen42)，[Newton](https://github.com/Newt0n)，[bobmayuze](https://github.com/bobmayuze)，[Jaeger](https://github.com/laobie)，[sqrthree](https://github.com/sqrthree) +原先我为了成为一个软件工程师而建立这份简单的学习主题清单， 但这份清单随着时间的推移而膨胀成今天这样。在做完这份清单上的每个目标后，[我成为了 Amazon 的软件开发工程师](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! 你或许不需要像我一样学习这么多。但是，让你成为一位称职工程师所需要的知识都在这里了。 -[![xitu](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/c9c9db0a39b56738a62332f0791d58b1522fdf82/68747470733a2f2f7261776769742e636f6d2f616c65656e34322f6261646765732f6d61737465722f7372632f786974752e737667)](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner) +我每天自学8~12小时，这样持续了好几个月。这是我的故事：[为什么我为了 Google 面试而自学了8个月](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13)。 + +在这份清单内的主题会让你拥有足够的知识去面对几乎每家软件公司的技术面试，包括科技巨头：Amazon、Facebook、Google，以及 Microsoft。 + +祝你好运! + +
+
+

+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

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+ Special thanks to: +

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+ OSS Capital +
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+ Natively integrated with GitLab, GitHub, and Bitbucket, Gitpod automatically and continuously prebuilds dev environments for all your branches. As a result team members can instantly start coding with fresh dev environments for each new task - no matter if you are building a new feature, want to fix a bug, or work on a code review. +
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+
+
## 这是？ 这是我为了从 web 开发者（自学、非计算机科学学位）蜕变至 Google 软件工程师所制定的计划，其内容历时数月。 -![白板上编程 ———— 来自 HBO 频道的剧集，“硅谷”](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) +![白板上编程 ———— 来自 HBO 频道的剧集，“硅谷”](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) -这一长列表是从 **Google 的指导笔记** 中萃取出来并进行扩展。因此，有些事情你必须去了解一下。我在列表的底部添加了一些额外项，用于解决面试中可能会出现的问题。这些额外项大部分是来自于 Steve Yegge 的“[得到在 Google 工作的机会](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)”。而在 Google 指导笔记的逐字间，它们有时也会被反映出来。 +这份清单适用于 **新手软件工程师**，或者想从软件/网站开发转向软件工程（需要计算机科学知识）的人员。如果你有多年的经验，并且声称拥有多年的软件工程经验，并且期待一次更艰难的面试。 + +如果你具有多年的软件/网页开发经验，请注意，大型软件公司（例如 Google，Amazon，Facebook 和 Microsoft）将软件工程视为不同于软件/网页开发，并且它们需要计算机科学知识。 + +如果你想成为可靠性工程师或运维工程师，请从可选列表（网络，安全）中学习更多。 --- @@ -22,18 +80,15 @@ - [这是？](#这是) - [为何要用到它？](#为何要用到它) - [如何使用它](#如何使用它) -- [拥有一名 Googler 的心态](#拥有一名-googler-的心态) -- [我得到了工作吗？](#我得到了工作吗) -- [跟着我的脚步](#跟着我的脚步) -- [不要妄自菲薄](#不要妄自菲薄) -- [关于 Google](#关于-google) +- [不要觉得自己不够聪明](#不要觉得自己不够聪明) - [相关视频资源](#相关视频资源) - [面试过程 & 通用的面试准备](#面试过程--通用的面试准备) - [为你的面试选择一种语言](#为你的面试选择一种语言) +- [书单](#书单) - [在你开始之前](#在你开始之前) -- [你所看不到的](#你所看不到的) -- [日常计划](#日常计划) +- [没有包含的内容](#没有包含的内容) - [必备知识](#必备知识) +- [日常计划](#日常计划) - [算法复杂度 / Big-O / 渐进分析法](#算法复杂度--big-o--渐进分析法) - [数据结构](#数据结构) - [数组（Arrays）](#数组arrays) @@ -48,27 +103,41 @@ - [树 —— 笔记 & 背景](#树--笔记--背景) - [二叉查找树（Binary search trees）：BSTs](#二叉查找树binary-search-treesbsts) - [堆（Heap） / 优先级队列（Priority Queue） / 二叉堆（Binary Heap）](#堆heap--优先级队列priority-queue--二叉堆binary-heap) - - [字典树（Tries）](#字典树tries) - - [平衡查找树（Balanced search trees）](#平衡查找树balanced-search-trees) - - [N 叉树（K 叉树、M 叉树）](#n-叉树k-叉树m-叉树) + - [平衡查找树（Balanced search trees）（基本概念，非细节）](#平衡查找树balanced-search-trees) + - 遍历：前序、中序、后序、BFS、DFS - [排序](#排序sorting) + - 选择排序（selection） + - 插入排序（insertion） + - 堆排序（heapsort） + - 快速排序（quicksort） + - 归并排序（merge sort） - [图（Graphs）](#图graphs) + - 有向图（directed） + - 无向图（undirected） + - 邻接矩阵（adjacency matrix） + - 邻接表（adjacency list） + - 遍历：广度优先(BFS), 深度优先(DFS) - [更多知识](#更多知识) - [递归](#递归recursion) - [动态规划](#动态规划dynamic-programming) + - [面向对象编程](#面向对象编程) + - [设计模式](#设计模式) - [组合 & 概率](#组合combinatorics-n-中选-k-个--概率probability) - [NP, NP-完全和近似算法](#np-np-完全和近似算法) - [缓存](#缓存cache) - [进程和线程](#进程processe和线程thread) - - [系统设计、可伸缩性、数据处理](#系统设计可伸缩性数据处理) - - [论文](#论文) - [测试](#测试) - [调度](#调度) - - [实现系统例程](#实现系统例程) - [字符串搜索和操作](#字符串搜索和操作) + - [字典树（Tries）](#字典树tries) + - [浮点数](#浮点数) + - [Unicode](#unicode) + - [字节顺序](#字节序Endianness) + - [网络](#网络视频) +- [系统设计、可伸缩性、数据处理](#系统设计可伸缩性数据处理)（如果你有4+年经验） - [终面](#终面) -- [书籍](#书籍) -- [编码练习和挑战](#编码练习和挑战) +- [编程问题练习](#编程问题练习) +- [编程练习和挑战](#编程练习和挑战) - [当你临近面试时](#当你临近面试时) - [你的简历](#你的简历) - [当面试来临的时候](#当面试来临的时候) @@ -77,205 +146,273 @@ ---------------- 下面的内容是可选的 ---------------- -- [附加的学习](#附加的学习) - - [Unicode](#unicode) - - [字节顺序](#字节顺序) +- [额外书籍](#额外书籍) +- [附加学习](#附加学习) + - [编译器](#编译器) - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) - [Unix 命令行工具](#unix-命令行工具) - - [信息资源 (视频)](#信息资源-视频) + - [信息论](#信息论-视频) - [奇偶校验位 & 汉明码 (视频)](#奇偶校验位--汉明码-视频) - - [系统熵值（系统复杂度）](#系统熵值系统复杂度) + - [系统熵值](#系统熵值Entropy) - [密码学](#密码学) - [压缩](#压缩) - - [网络 (视频)](#网络-视频) - [计算机安全](#计算机安全) - - [释放缓存](#释放缓存) - - [并行/并发编程](#并行并发编程) - - [设计模式](#设计模式) - - [信息传输, 序列化, 和队列化的系统](#信息传输-序列化和队列化的系统) + - [垃圾回收](#垃圾回收) + - [并行编程](#并行编程) + - [消息传递，序列化和队列化的系统](#消息传递序列化和队列系统) + - [A*搜索算法](#A搜索算法) - [快速傅里叶变换](#快速傅里叶变换) - [布隆过滤器](#布隆过滤器) + - [HyperLogLog](#HyperLogLog) + - [局部敏感哈希](#局部敏感哈希) - [van Emde Boas 树](#van-emde-boas-树) - - [更深入的数据结构](#更深入的数据结构) + - [增强数据结构](#增强数据结构) + - [平衡查找树](#平衡查找树balanced-search-trees) + - AVL 树 + - 伸缩树（Splay tree） + - 红黑树 + - 2-3 查找树 + - 2-3-4 树(也称 2-4 树) + - N-ary (K-ary, M-ary)树 + - B 树 + - [k-D 树](#k-D树) - [跳表](#跳表) - [网络流](#网络流) - [不相交集 & 联合查找](#不相交集--联合查找) - - [快速处理数学](#math-for-fast-processing) + - [快速处理的数学](#快速处理的数学) - [树堆 (Treap)](#树堆-treap) - [线性规划](#线性规划linear-programming视频) - [几何：凸包（Geometry, Convex hull）](#几何凸包geometry-convex-hull视频) - [离散数学](#离散数学) - [机器学习](#机器学习machine-learning) - - [Go 语言](#go-语言) - [一些主题的额外内容](#一些主题的额外内容) - [视频系列](#视频系列) - [计算机科学课程](#计算机科学课程) +- [论文](#论文) --- ## 为何要用到它？ -我一直都是遵循该计划去准备 Google 的面试。自 1997 年以来，我一直从事于 web 程序的构建、服务器的构建及创业型公司的创办。对于只有着一个经济学学位，而不是计算机科学学位（CS degree）的我来说，在职业生涯中所取得的都非常成功。然而，我想在 Google 工作，并进入大型系统中，真正地去理解计算机系统、算法效率、数据结构性能、低级别编程语言及其工作原理。可一项都不了解的我，怎么会被 Google 所应聘呢？ +当我开始这个项目时，我不知道堆和栈的区别，不了解时间复杂度（Big-O）、树，或如何去遍历一个图。如果非要我去编写一个排序算法的话，我只能说我所写的肯定是很糟糕。一直以来，我所用的任何数据结构都是内建于编程语言当中。至于它们在背后是如何运作，对此我一概不清楚。此外，以前的我并不需要对内存进行管理，最多就只是在一个正在执行的进程抛出了“内存不足”的错误后，才会去找解决方法。在我的编程生涯中，虽然我有用过多维数组，也用过关联数组成千上万次，但我从来没有自己实现过数据结构。 -当我创建该项目时，我从一个堆栈到一个堆都不了解。那时的我，完全不了解 Big-O 、树，或如何去遍历一个图。如果非要我去编写一个排序算法的话，我只能说我所写的肯定是很糟糕。一直以来，我所用的任何数据结构都是内建于编程语言当中。至于它们在背后是如何运作，对此我一概不清楚。此外，以前的我并不需要对内存进行管理，最多就只是在一个正在执行的进程抛出了“内存不足”的错误后，采取一些权变措施。而在我的编程生活中，也甚少使用到多维数组，可关联数组却成千上万。而且，从一开始到现在，我都还未曾自己实现过数据结构。 - -就是这样的我，在经过该学习计划后，已然对被 Google 所雇佣充满信心。这是一个漫长的计划，以至于花费了我数月的时间。若您早已熟悉大部分的知识，那么也许能节省大量的时间。 +这是一个漫长的计划，以至于花费了我数月的时间。若你早已熟悉大部分的知识，那么也许能节省大量的时间。 ## 如何使用它 下面所有的东西都只是一个概述。因此，你需要由上而下逐一地去处理它。 -在学习过程中，我是使用 GitHub 特殊的语法特性 markdown flavor 去检查计划的进展，包括使用任务列表。 +在学习过程中，我使用 GitHub 特殊语法的 markdown 去检查计划的进展，包括使用包含任务进度的任务列表。 -- [x] 创建一个新的分支，以使得你可以像这样去检查计划的进展。直接往方括号中填写一个字符 x 即可：[x] +**创建一个新的分支，以便你可以像这样去勾选计划的进展：直接往方括号中填写一个字符 x 即可：[x]**。 + + Fork一个分支，并跟随以下的指令 + +通过单击 Fork 按钮来 fork GitHub 仓库：[jwasham/coding-interview-university](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university) + + 克隆项目到本地 + +`git checkout -b progress` + +`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` + +`git fetch --all` + + 在你完成了一些修改后，在框框中打 x + +`git add .` + +`git commit -m "Marked x"` + +`git rebase jwasham/main` + +`git push --set-upstream origin progress` + +`git push --force` [更多关于 Github-flavored markdown 的详情](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) -## 拥有一名 Googler 的心态 -把一个（或两个）印有“[future Googler](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf)”的图案打印出来，并用你誓要成功的眼神盯着它。 +## 不要觉得自己不够聪明 -[![future Googler sign](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/Screen_Shot_2016_10_04_at_10_13_24_AM-1475601104364.png)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf) - -## 我得到了工作吗？ - -我还没去应聘。 - -因为我离完成学习（完成该疯狂的计划列表）还需要数天的时间，并打算在下周开始用一整天的时间，以编程的方式去解决问题。当然，这将会持续数周的时间。然后，我才通过使用在二月份所得到的一个介绍资格，去正式应聘 Google（没错，是二月份时就得到的）。 - - 感谢 JP 的这次介绍。 - -## 跟着我的脚步 - -目前我仍在该计划的执行过程中，如果你想跟随我脚步去学习的话，可以登进我在 [GoogleyAsHeck.com](https://googleyasheck.com/) 上所写的博客。 - -下面是我的联系方式： - -- Twitter: [@googleyasheck](https://twitter.com/googleyasheck) -- Twitter: [@StartupNextDoor](https://twitter.com/StartupNextDoor) -- Google+: [+Googleyasheck](https://plus.google.com/+Googleyasheck) -- LinkedIn: [johnawasham](https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnawasham) - -![John Washam - Coding Interview University](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/book_stack_photo_resized_18_1469302751157-1472661280368.png) - -## 不要妄自菲薄 - -- Google 的工程师都是才智过人的。但是，就算是工作在 Google 的他们，仍然会因为觉得自己不够聪明而感到一种不安。 +- 大多数成功的软件工程师都非常聪明，但他们都有一种觉得自己不够聪明的不安全感。 - [天才程序员的神话](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) - -## 关于 Google - -- [ ] 面向学生 —— [Google 的职业生涯：技术开发指导](https://www.google.com/about/careers/students/guide-to-technical-development.html) -- [ ] Google 检索的原理： - - [ ] [Google 检索的发展史（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTBShTwCnD4) - - [ ] [Google 检索的原理 —— 故事篇](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/) - - [ ] [Google 检索的原理](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/) - - [ ] [Google 检索的原理 —— Matt Cutts（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNHR6IQJGZs) - - [ ] [Google 是如何改善其检索算法（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5RZOU6vK4Q) -- [ ] 系列文章： - - [ ] [Google 检索是如何处理移动设备](https://backchannel.com/how-google-search-dealt-with-mobile-33bc09852dc9) - - [ ] [Google 为了寻找大众需求的秘密研究](https://backchannel.com/googles-secret-study-to-find-out-our-needs-eba8700263bf) - - [ ] [Google 检索将成为你的下一个大脑](https://backchannel.com/google-search-will-be-your-next-brain-5207c26e4523) - - [ ] [Demis Hassabis 的心灵直白](https://backchannel.com/the-deep-mind-of-demis-hassabis-156112890d8a) -- [ ] [书籍：Google 公司是如何运作的](https://www.amazon.com/How-Google-Works-Eric-Schmidt/dp/1455582344) -- [ ] [由 Google 通告所制作 —— 2016年10月（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4y0KOeXViI) +- [不要单打独斗：面对技术中的隐形怪物](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) ## 相关视频资源 -部分视频只能通过在 Coursera、Edx 或 Lynda.com class 上注册登录才能观看。这些视频被称为网络公开课程（MOOC）。即便是免费观看，部分课程可能会由于不在时间段内而无法获取。因此，你需要多等待几个月。 +部分视频只能通过在 Coursera 或者 Edx 课程上注册登录才能观看。这些视频被称为网络公开课程（MOOC）。有时候某些课程需要等待好几个月才能获取，这期间你无法观看这些课程的影片。 - 很感谢您能帮我把网络公开课程的视频链接转换成公开的视频源，以代替那些在线课程的视频。此外，一些大学的讲座视频也是我所青睐的。 + 很感谢你能帮我把网络公开课程的视频链接转换成公开的，可持续访问的视频源，比如 YouTube 视频，以代替那些在线课程的视频。此外，一些大学的讲座视频也是我所青睐的。 ## 面试过程 & 通用的面试准备 -- [ ] 视频： - - [ ] [如何在 Google 工作 —— 考生指导课程（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWbUtlUhwa8&feature=youtu.be) - - [ ] [Google 招聘者所分享的技术面试小窍门（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qc1owf2-220&feature=youtu.be) - - [ ] [如何在 Google 工作：技术型简历的准备（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8npJLXkcmu8) - -- [ ] 文章： - - [ ] [三步成为 Googler](http://www.google.com/about/careers/lifeatgoogle/hiringprocess/) - - [ ] [得到在 Google 的工作机会](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html) - - 所有他所提及的事情都列在了下面 - - [ ] _（早已过期）_ [如何得到 Google 的一份工作，面试题，应聘过程](http://dondodge.typepad.com/the_next_big_thing/2010/09/how-to-get-a-job-at-google-interview-questions-hiring-process.html) -    - [ ] [电话面试的问题](http://sites.google.com/site/steveyegge2/five-essential-phone-screen-questions) - -- [ ] 附加的（虽然 Google 不建议，但我还是添加在此）： - - [ ] [ABC：永远都要去编程（Always Be Coding）](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) - - [ ] [四步成为 Google 里一名没有学位的员工](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/four-steps-to-google-without-a-degree-8f381aa6bd5e#.asalo1vfx) - - [ ] [共享白板（Whiteboarding）](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) - - [ ] [Google 是如何看待应聘、管理和公司文化](http://www.kpcb.com/blog/lessons-learned-how-google-thinks-about-hiring-management-and-culture) - - [ ] [程序开发面试中有效的白板（Whiteboarding）](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) - - [ ] 震撼开发类面试 第一集： - - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell —— 震撼开发类面试（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) - - [ ] [震撼开发类面试 —— 作者 Gayle Laakmann McDowell（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) - - [ ] 如何在世界四强企业中获得一份工作： - - [ ] [“如何在世界四强企业中获得一份工作 —— Amazon、Facebook、Google 和 Microsoft”（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) - - [ ] [面试 Google 失败](http://alexbowe.com/failing-at-google-interviews/) +- [ ] [ABC：不要停止编程（Always Be Coding）](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) +- [ ] [白板编程（Whiteboarding）](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) +- [ ] [揭秘技术招聘](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] 如何在科技四强企业中获得一份工作： + - [ ] [“如何在科技四强企业中获得一份工作 —— Amazon、Facebook、Google 和 Microsoft”（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) +- [ ] 解密开发类面试第一集： + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell —— 解密开发类面试（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [解密开发类面试 —— 作者 Gayle Laakmann McDowell（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] 解密 Facebook 编码面试： + - [方法](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) + - [问题演练](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) +- [ ] 准备课程： + - [ ] [软件工程师面试发布（收费课程）](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed)： + - 从前 Google 面试官身上学习如何准备自己，让自己能够应付软件工程师的面试。 + - [ ] [Python 数据结构，算法和面试（收费课程）](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/)： + - Python 面试准备课程，内容涉及数据结构，算法，模拟面试等。 + - [ ] [Python 的数据结构和算法简介（Udacity 免费课程）](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513)： + - 免费的 Python 数据结构和算法课程。 + - [ ] [数据结构和算法纳米学位！（Udacity 收费纳米学位）](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256)： + - 获得超过100种数据结构和算法练习以及指导的动手练习，专门导师帮助你在面试和职场中做好准备。 + - [ ] [探究行为面试（Educative 免费课程）](https://www.educative.io/courses/grokking-the-behavioral-interview)： + - 很多时候，不是你的技术能力会阻碍你获得理想的工作，而是你在行为面试中的表现。 ## 为你的面试选择一种语言 -在这，我就以下话题写一篇短文 —— [重点：为在 Google 的面试选择一种语言](https://googleyasheck.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-google-interview/) - -在大多数公司的面试当中，你可以在编程这一环节，使用一种自己用起来较为舒适的语言去完成编程。但在 Google，你只有三种固定的选择： +你可以在编程这一环节，使用一种自己用起来较为舒适的语言去完成编程，但对于大公司，你只有三种固定的选择： - C++ - Java - Python -有时你也可以使用下面两种，但需要事先查阅说明。因为，说明中会有警告： +你也可以使用下面两种编程语言，但可能会有某些限制，你需要事先查明： - JavaScript - Ruby +我之前写过一篇关于在面试时选择编程语言的文章：[为编程面试选择一种语言](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/)。 + 你需要对你所选择的语言感到非常舒适且足够了解。 更多关于语言选择的阅读： - http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ - http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ -- https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-best-language-to-program-in-for-an-in-person-Google-interview [在此查看相关语言的资源](../programming-language-resources.md) -由于，我正在学习C、C++ 和 Python。因此，在下面你会看到部分关于它们的学习资料。相关书籍请看文章的底部。 +由于我正在学习C、C++ 和 Python，因此在下面你会看到部分关于它们的学习资料。相关书籍请看文章的底部。 + +## 书单 + +为了节省你的时间，以下是比我使用过的更缩减的书单。 + +### 面试准备 + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) + - 附有 C++ 和 Java 解答 + - 这是在练习 Cracking the Coding Interview 之前一个很好的热身 + - 不太困难，大多数问题可能比你在面试中看到的要容易（根据我的阅读） +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - 附有 Java 答案 + +### 如果你有额外的时间： + +选择以下之一： + +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [ ] Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version) + - [书](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [配套项目──书中每个问题的方法和测试用例](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) + +### 编程语言精选 + +**你需要选择面试语言（请参见上文）。** + +这是我按语言给出的建议。我没有所有语言的资源，欢迎贡献。 + +如果你通读其中之一，你应该具备了开始解决编程问题所需的所有数据结构和算法知识。除非你需要复习，否则**你可以跳过此项目中的所有视频讲座**。 + +[额外编程语言的精选资源](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/programming-language-resources.md) + +### C++ + +我没有读过这两本书，但是它们颇受好评，作者是 Sedgewick，他非常厉害。 + +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) +- [ ] [Open Data Structures in C++](https://opendatastructures.org/ods-cpp.pdf) + - 丰富而详细的数据结构和算法集合 + - 非常适合初学者 + +如果你有更好的 C++ 书籍，请告诉我。我正在搜集全面的资源。 + +### Java + +- [ ] [算法（Sedgewick 和 Wayne）](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - 包含课程内容（和Sedgewick！）的视频 + - [第一部分](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [第二部分](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +或者： + +- [ ] [Java 数据结构和算法](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) + - 作者：Goodrich、Tamassia、Goldwasser + - 用作 UC Berkeley 的 CS 入门课程的可选教材 + - 请参阅下面有关 Python 版本的我的读书报告，这本书涵盖了相同的主题 + +### Python + +- [ ] [Python数据结构和算法](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - 作者：Goodrich、Tamassia、Goldwasser + - 我非常喜爱这本书，它包含了所有东西 + - 很 Python 的代码 + - 我的读书报告：[startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python](https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/) +- [ ] [Open Data Structures in Python](https://opendatastructures.org/ods-python.pdf) ## 在你开始之前 该列表已经持续更新了很长的一段时间，所以，我们的确很容易会对其失去控制。 -这里列出了一些我所犯过的错误，希望您不要重滔覆辙。 +这里列出了一些我所犯过的错误，希望你不要重滔覆辙。 ### 1. 你不可能把所有的东西都记住 -就算我查看了数小时的视频，并记录了大量的笔记。几个月后的我，仍然会忘却其中大部分的东西。所以，我翻阅了我的笔记，并将可回顾的东西制作成抽认卡（flashcard）（请往下看） +就算我观看了数小时的视频，并记录了大量的笔记，几个月后的我，仍然会忘却其中大部分的东西。所以，我花了3天翻阅我的笔记，并制作成抽认卡（flashcard）帮助我复习： + +请阅读以下的文章以免重蹈覆辙: + +[记住计算机科学知识](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/)。 + +有人推荐给我的课程（但我还沒看过）：[学习如何学习](https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn)。 ### 2. 使用抽认卡 -为了解决善忘的问题，我制作了一些关于抽认卡的页面，用于添加两种抽认卡：正常的及带有代码的。每种卡都会有不同的格式设计。 +为了解决善忘的问题，我制作了一个抽认卡的网页，用于添加两种抽认卡：一般的及带有代码的。每种卡都会有不同的格式设计。 -而且，我还以移动设备为先去设计这些网页，以使得在任何地方的我，都能通过我的手机及平板去回顾知识。 +而且，我还以移动设备为先去设计这些网页，以使得在任何地方，我都能通过我的手机及平板去回顾知识。 你也可以免费制作属于你自己的抽认卡网站： - [抽认卡页面的代码仓库](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [我的抽认卡数据库](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db)：有一点需要记住的是，我做事有点过头，以至于把卡片都覆盖到所有的东西上。从汇编语言和 Python 的细枝末节，乃至到机器学习和统计都被覆盖到卡片上。而这种做法，对于 Google 的要求来说，却是多余。 +- [我的抽认卡数据库 ── 旧 1200 张](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db) +- [我的抽认卡数据库 ── 新 1800 张](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db) -**在抽认卡上做笔记：** 若你第一次发现你知道问题的答案时，先不要急着把其标注成“已懂”。你需要做的，是去查看一下是否有同样的抽认卡，并在你真正懂得如何解决问题之前，多问自己几次。重复地问答可帮助您深刻记住该知识点。 +有一点需要记住的是，我做事有点过头，以至于卡片都覆盖到所有的东西上，从汇编语言和 Python 的细枝末节，到机器学习和统计都被覆盖到卡片上。而这种做法，对于要求来说是多余的。 -### 3. 回顾，回顾，回顾 +**在抽认卡上做笔记：** 若你第一次发现你知道问题的答案时，先不要急着把其标注成“已知”。反复复习这张抽认卡，直到每次都能答对后才是真正学会了这个问题。反复地问答可帮助你深刻记住该知识点。 -我留有一组 ASCII 码表、OSI 堆栈、Big-O 记号及更多的小抄纸，以便在空余的时候可以学习。 +这里有个替代我抽认卡的网站 [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/)，很多人向我推荐过它。这个网站用同一个字卡重复出现的方式让你牢牢地记住知识。这个网站非常容易使用，支持多平台，并且有云端同步功能。在 iOS 平台上收费25美金，其他平台免费。 -每编程半个小时就要休息一下，并去回顾你的抽认卡。 +这是我用 Anki 这个网站里的格式所储存的抽认卡资料库: ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 （感谢 [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)） + +### 3. 复习，复习，再复习 + +我留有一组 ASCII 码表、OSI 堆栈、Big-O 记号及更多的抽认卡，以便在空余的时候可以学习。 + +编程累了就休息半个小时，并去复习你的抽认卡。 ### 4. 专注 -在学习的过程中，往往会有许多令人分心的事占据着我们宝贵的时间。因此，专注和集中注意力是非常困难的。 +在学习的过程中，往往会有许多令人分心的事占据着我们宝贵的时间。因此，专注和集中注意力是非常困难的。放点纯音乐能帮上一些忙。 -## 你所看不到的 +## 没有包含的内容 -由于，这个巨大的列表一开始是作为我个人从 Google 面试指导笔记所形成的一个事件处理列表。因此，有一些我熟悉且普遍的技术在此都未被谈及到： +有一些熟悉且普遍的技术在此未被谈及到： - SQL - Javascript @@ -283,28 +420,31 @@ ## 日常计划 -部分问题可能会花费一天的时间去学习，而部分则会花费多天。当然，有些学习并不需要我们懂得如何实现。 +部分问题可能会花费一天的时间去学习，而有些则会花费多天。当然，有些学习并不需要我们懂得如何实现。 -因此，每一天我都会在下面所列出的列表中选择一项，并查看相关的视频。然后，使用以下的一种语言去实现： +因此，每一天我都会在下面所列出的列表中选择一项，并观看相关的视频。然后，使用以下的一种语言去实现： - C —— 使用结构体和函数，该函数会接受一个结构体指针 * 及其他数据作为参数。 - C++ —— 不使用内建的数据类型。 - C++ —— 使用内建的数据类型，如使用 STL 的 std::list 来作为链表。 - Python —— 使用内建的数据类型（为了持续练习 Python），并编写一些测试去保证自己代码的正确性。有时，只需要使用断言函数 assert() 即可。 - 此外，你也可以使用 Java 或其他语言。以上只是我的个人偏好而已。 +- C —— 使用结构体和函数，该函数会接受一个结构体指针 * 及其他数据作为参数。 +- C++ —— 不使用内建的数据类型。 +- C++ —— 使用内建的数据类型，如使用 STL 的 std::list 来作为链表。 +- Python —— 使用内建的数据类型（为了持续练习 Python），并编写一些测试去保证自己代码的正确性。有时，只需要使用断言函数 assert() 即可。 +- 此外，你也可以使用 Java 或其他语言。以上只是我的个人偏好而已。 + +你不需要学会所有的编程语言，你只需要专注在[一种编程语言](##为你的面试选择一种语言)上。 为何要在这些语言上分别实现一次？ - 因为可以练习，练习，练习，直至我厌倦它，并完美地实现出来。（若有部分边缘条件没想到时，我会用书写的形式记录下来并去记忆） - 因为可以在纯原生的条件下工作（不需垃圾回收机制的帮助下，分配/释放内存（除了 Python）） - 因为可以利用上内建的数据类型，以使得我拥有在现实中使用内建工具的经验（在生产环境中，我不会去实现自己的链表） +- 练习，练习，练习，直至我厌倦它，并正确无误地实现出来。（若有部分边缘条件没想到时，我会用书写的形式记录下来并去记忆） +- 在纯原生的条件下工作（不需垃圾回收机制的帮助下，手动分配/释放内存（除了 Python）） +- 利用语言内建的数据类型，之后在实际工作的时候才能得心应手（在生产环境中，我不会去实现自己的链表） -就算我没有时间去每一项都这么做，但我也会尽我所能的。 +就算我没有时间去每一项都这么做，但我也会尽我所能。 -在这里，你可以查看到我的代码： - - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) - - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) - - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) +在这里你可以查看到我的代码： + +- [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) +- [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) +- [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) 你不需要记住每一个算法的内部原理。 @@ -312,22 +452,24 @@ ## 必备知识 +- [ ] **学习C语言** + - C 语言无处不在。在学习的过程中，你会在书籍，讲座，视频等任何地方看到它的身影 + - [ ] [C程序设计语言，第二版](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - 这是一本简短的书，但是它将使你更好地使用 C 语言，并且如果你稍加练习，就会很快熟练。理解 C 可帮助你了解程序和内存的工作方式 + - 问题答案 + - [ ] **计算机是如何处理一段程序：** - - [ ] [CPU 是如何执行代码（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) - - [ ] [机器码指令（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2XQgpbTNE) - -- [ ] **编译器** - - [ ] [编译器是如何在 ~1 分钟内工作（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) - - [ ] [Hardvard CS50 —— 编译器（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) - - [ ] [C++（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) - - [ ] [掌握编译器的优化（C++）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) - -- [ ] **浮点数是如何存储的：** - - [ ] 简单的 8-bit：[浮点数的表达形式　—— 1（视频 —— 在计算上有一个错误 —— 详情请查看视频的介绍）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) - - [ ] 32 bit：[IEEE754 32-bit 浮点二进制（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + - [ ] [CPU 是如何执行代码（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + - [ ] [计算机如何计算（视频）](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + - [ ] [寄存器和内存（视频）](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [ ] [中央处理单元（视频）](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [ ] [指令和程序（视频）](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) ## 算法复杂度 / Big-O / 渐进分析法 + - 并不需要实现 +- 这里有很多视频，看到你真正了解它为止。你随时可以回来复习。 +- 如果这些课程太过数学的话，你可以去看看最下面离散数学的视频，它能让你更了解这些数学背后的来源以及原理。 - [ ] [Harvard CS50 —— 渐进表示（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) - [ ] [Big O 记号（通用快速教程）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) - [ ] [Big O 记号（以及 Omega 和 Theta）—— 最佳数学解释（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) @@ -341,22 +483,22 @@ - [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega（视频）](https://youtu.be/ca3e7UVmeUc) - [ ] [平摊分析法（Amortized Analysis）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) - [ ] [举证“Big O”（视频）](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/63) -- [ ] 高级编程（包括递归关系和主定理）： +- [ ] TopCoder（包括递归关系和主定理）： - [计算性复杂度：第一部](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - [计算性复杂度：第二部](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [速查表（Cheat sheet）](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) - 如果部分课程过于学术性，你可直接跳到文章底部，去查看离散数学的视频以获取相关背景知识。 - ## 数据结构 - ### 数组（Arrays） - 实现一个可自动调整大小的动态数组。 - [ ] 介绍： - [数组（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) + - [UC Berkeley CS61B - 线性数组和多维数组（视频）](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE)（从15分32秒开始） - [数组的基础知识（视频）](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_04-basicArrays.mp4) - [多维数组（视频）](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_05-multidimensionalArrays.mp4) - [动态数组（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) + - [不规则数组（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) - [不规则数组（视频）](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_06-jaggedArrays.mp4) - [调整数组的大小（视频）](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/03_01-resizableArrays.mp4) - [ ] 实现一个动态数组（可自动调整大小的可变数组）： @@ -388,12 +530,12 @@ - ### 链表（Linked Lists） - [ ] 介绍： - [ ] [单向链表（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - - [ ] [CS 61B —— 链表（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) - - [ ] [C 代码（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - - 并非看完整个视频，只需要看关于节点结果和内存分配那一部分即可 + - [ ] [CS 61B —— 链表（一）（视频）](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B —— 链表（二）（视频）](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [C 代码（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) ── 并非看完整个视频，只需要看关于节点结构和内存分配那一部分即可 - [ ] 链表 vs 数组： - - [基本链表 Vs 数组（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) - - [在现实中，链表 Vs 数组（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) + - [基本链表 Vs 数组（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9) + - [在现实中，链表 Vs 数组（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd) - [ ] [为什么你需要避免使用链表（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) - [ ] 的确：你需要关于“指向指针的指针”的相关知识：（因为当你传递一个指针到一个函数时，该函数可能会改变指针所指向的地址）该页只是为了让你了解“指向指针的指针”这一概念。但我并不推荐这种链式遍历的风格。因为，这种风格的代码，其可读性和可维护性太低。 - [指向指针的指针](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) @@ -451,9 +593,9 @@ - [ ] [（进阶）完美哈希（Perfect hashing）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) - [ ] 在线课程： - - [ ] [哈希函数的掌握（视频）](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_02-understandingHashFunctions.mp4) + - [ ] [理解哈希函数（视频）](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_02-understandingHashFunctions.mp4) - [ ] [使用哈希表（视频）](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_03-usingHashTables.mp4) - - [ ] [哈希表的支持（视频）](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_04-supportingHashing.mp4) + - [ ] [支持哈希（视频）](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_04-supportingHashing.mp4) - [ ] [哈希表的语言支持（视频）](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_05-languageSupportForHashTables.mp4) - [ ] [基本哈希表（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) - [ ] [数据结构（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) @@ -480,8 +622,7 @@ - 迭代式二分查找 - ### 按位运算（Bitwise operations） - - [ ] [Bits 速查表](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - - 你需要知道大量2的幂数值（从2^1 到 2^16 及 2^32） + - [ ] [Bits 速查表](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) ── 你需要知道大量2的幂数值（从2^1 到 2^16 及 2^32） - [ ] 好好理解位操作符的含义：&、|、^、~、>>、<< - [ ] [字码（words）](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - [ ] 好的介绍： @@ -492,6 +633,8 @@ - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) - [ ] [位元抚弄者（The Bit Twiddler）](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) - [ ] [交互式位元抚弄者（The Bit Twiddler Interactive）](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] [位操作技巧（Bit Hacks）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZusiKXcz_ac) + - [ ] [练习位操作](https://pconrad.github.io/old_pconrad_cs16/topics/bitOps/) - [ ] 一补数和补码 - [二进制：利 & 弊（为什么我们要使用补码）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) - [一补数（1s Complement）](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) @@ -500,8 +643,6 @@ - [计算一个字节中置位（Set Bits）的四种方式（视频）](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) - [计算比特位](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) - [如何在一个 32 位的整型中计算置位（Set Bits）的数量](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) - - [ ] 四舍五入2的幂数： - - [四舍五入到2的下一幂数](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/roundUpToNextPowerOfTwo.html) - [ ] 交换值： - [交换（Swap）](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) - [ ] 绝对值： @@ -510,28 +651,25 @@ ## 树（Trees） - ### 树 —— 笔记 & 背景 - - [ ] [系列：基本树（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) - [ ] [系列：树（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) - 基本的树形结构 - 遍历 - 操作算法 - - BFS（广度优先检索，breadth-first search） - - [MIT（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) - - 层序遍历（使用队列的 BFS 算法） + - [ ] [BFS（广度优先检索，breadth-first search）和 DFS（深度优先检索，depth-first search）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) + - BFS 笔记 + - 层序遍历（使用队列的 BFS 算法） - 时间复杂度： O(n) - 空间复杂度： - - 最好情况： O(1) + - 最好情况：O(1) - 最坏情况：O(n/2)=O(n) - - DFS（深度优先检索，depth-first search） - - [MIT（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) - - 笔记： + - DFS 笔记： - 时间复杂度：O(n) - 空间复杂度： - 最好情况：O(log n) - 树的平均高度 - 最坏情况：O(n) - - 中序遍历（DFS：左、节点本身、右） - - 后序遍历（DFS：左、右、节点本身） - - 先序遍历（DFS：节点本身、左、右） + - 中序遍历（DFS：左、节点本身、右） + - 后序遍历（DFS：左、右、节点本身） + - 先序遍历（DFS：节点本身、左、右） - ### 二叉查找树（Binary search trees）：BSTs - [ ] [二叉查找树概览（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) @@ -567,7 +705,7 @@ - 可视化是一棵树，但通常是以线性的形式存储（数组、链表） - [ ] [堆](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) - [ ] [介绍（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) - - [ ] [无知的实现（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [简单的实现（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) - [ ] [二叉树（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) - [ ] [关于树高的讨论（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) - [ ] [基本操作（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) @@ -589,91 +727,16 @@ - [ ] sift_down —— 用于获取最大值元素 - [ ] remove(i) —— 删除指定索引的元素 - [ ] heapify —— 构建堆，用于堆排序 - - [ ] heap_sort() —— 拿到一个未排序的数组，然后使用大顶堆进行就地排序 - - 注意：若用小顶堆可节省操作，但导致空间复杂度加倍。（无法做到就地） - -- ### 字典树（Tries） - - 需要注意的是，字典树各式各样。有些有前缀，而有些则没有。有些使用字符串而不使用比特位来追踪路径。 - - 阅读代码，但不实现。 - - [ ] [数据结构笔记及编程技术](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) - - [ ] 短课程视频： - - [ ] [对字典树的介绍（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) - - [ ] [字典树的性能（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) - - [ ] [实现一棵字典树（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) - - [ ] [字典树：一个被忽略的数据结构](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) - - [ ] [高级编程 —— 使用字典树](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/using-tries/) - - [ ] [标准教程（现实中的用例）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) - - [ ] [MIT，高阶数据结构，使用字符串追踪路径（可事半功倍）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - -- ### 平衡查找树（Balanced search trees） - - 掌握至少一种平衡查找树（并懂得如何实现）： - - “在各种平衡查找树当中，AVL 树和2-3树已经成为了过去，而红黑树（red-black trees）看似变得越来越受人青睐。这种令人特别感兴趣的数据结构，亦称伸展树（splay tree）。它可以自我管理，且会使用轮换来移除任何访问过根节点的 key。” —— Skiena - - 因此，在各种各样的平衡查找树当中，我选择了伸展树来实现。虽然，通过我的阅读，我发现在 Google 的面试中并不会被要求实现一棵平衡查找树。但是，为了胜人一筹，我们还是应该看看如何去实现。在阅读了大量关于红黑树的代码后，我才发现伸展树的实现确实会使得各方面更为高效。 - - 伸展树：插入、查找、删除函数的实现，而如果你最终实现了红黑树，那么请尝试一下： - - 跳过删除函数，直接实现搜索和插入功能 - - 我希望能阅读到更多关于 B 树的资料，因为它也被广泛地应用到大型的数据库当中。 - - [ ] [自平衡二叉查找树](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) - - - [ ] **AVL 树** - - 实际中：我能告诉你的是，该种树并无太多的用途，但我能看到有用的地方在哪里：AVL 树是另一种平衡查找树结构。其可支持时间复杂度为 O(log n) 的查询、插入及删除。它比红黑树严格意义上更为平衡，从而导致插入和删除更慢，但遍历却更快。正因如此，才彰显其结构的魅力。只需要构建一次，就可以在不重新构造的情况下读取，适合于实现诸如语言字典（或程序字典，如一个汇编程序或解释程序的操作码）。 - - [ ] [MIT AVL 树 / AVL 树的排序（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) - - [ ] [AVL 树（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - - [ ] [AVL 树的实现（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - - [ ] [分离与合并](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) - - - [ ] **伸展树** - - 实际中：伸展树一般用于缓存、内存分配者、路由器、垃圾回收者、数据压缩、ropes（字符串的一种替代品，用于存储长串的文本字符）、Windows NT（虚拟内存、网络及文件系统）等的实现。 - - [ ] [CS 61B：伸展树（Splay trees）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Najzh1rYQTo&index=23&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) - - [ ] MIT 教程：伸展树（Splay trees）： - - 该教程会过于学术，但请观看到最后的10分钟以确保掌握。 - - [视频](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) - - - [ ] **2-3查找树** - - 实际中：2-3树的元素插入非常快速，但却有着查询慢的代价（因为相比较 AVL 树来说，其高度更高）。 - - 你会很少用到2-3树。这是因为，其实现过程中涉及到不同类型的节点。因此，人们更多地会选择红黑树。 - - [ ] [2-3树的直感与定义（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) - - [ ] [2-3树的二元观点](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [2-3树（学生叙述）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - - [ ] **2-3-4树 (亦称2-4树)** - - 实际中：对于每一棵2-4树，都有着对应的红黑树来存储同样顺序的数据元素。在2-4树上进行插入及删除操作等同于在红黑树上进行颜色翻转及轮换。这使得2-4树成为一种用于掌握红黑树背后逻辑的重要工具。这就是为什么许多算法引导文章都会在介绍红黑树之前，先介绍2-4树，尽管**2-4树在实际中并不经常使用**。 - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 26：平衡查找树（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqrqYXkth6Q&index=26&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - - [ ] [自底向上的2-4树（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [自顶向下的2-4树（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) - - - [ ] **B 树** - - 有趣的是：为啥叫 B 仍然是一个神秘。因为 B 可代表波音（Boeing）、平衡（Balanced）或 Bayer（联合创造者） - - 实际中：B 树会被广泛适用于数据库中，而现代大多数的文件系统都会使用到这种树（或变种)。除了运用在数据库中，B 树也会被用于文件系统以快速访问一个文件的任意块。但存在着一个基本的问题，那就是如何将文件块 i 转换成一个硬盘块（或一个柱面-磁头-扇区）上的地址。 - - [ ] [B 树](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) - - [ ] [B 树的介绍（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) - - [ ] [B 树的定义及其插入操作（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [B 树的删除操作（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [MIT 6.851 —— 内存层次模块（Memory Hierarchy Models）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - - 覆盖有高速缓存参数无关型（cache-oblivious）B 树和非常有趣的数据结构 - - 头37分钟讲述的很专业，或许可以跳过（B 指块的大小、即缓存行的大小） - - - [ ] **红黑树** - - 实际中：红黑树提供了在最坏情况下插入操作、删除操作和查找操作的时间保证。这些时间值的保障不仅对时间敏感型应用有用，例如实时应用，还对在其他数据结构中块的构建非常有用，而这些数据结构都提供了最坏情况下的保障；例如，许多用于计算几何学的数据结构都可以基于红黑树，而目前 Linux 系统所采用的完全公平调度器（the Completely Fair Scheduler）也使用到了该种树。在 Java 8中，红黑树也被用于存储哈希列表集合中相同的数据，而不是使用链表及哈希码。 - - [ ] [Aduni —— 算法 —— 课程4（该链接直接跳到开始部分）（视频）](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) - - [ ] [Aduni —— 算法 —— 课程5（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - - [ ] [黑树（Black Tree）](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - - [ ] [二分查找及红黑树的介绍](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) - -- ### N 叉树（K 叉树、M 叉树） - - 注意：N 或 K 指的是分支系数（即树的最大分支数）： - - 二叉树是一种分支系数为2的树 - - 2-3树是一种分支系数为3的树 - - [ ] [K 叉树](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + - [ ] heap_sort() —— 拿到一个未排序的数组，然后使用大顶堆或者小顶堆进行就地排序 ## 排序（Sorting） - [ ] 笔记: - - 实现各种排序 & 知道每种排序的最坏、最好和平均的复杂度分别是什么场景: - - 不要用冒泡排序 - 大多数情况下效率感人 - 时间复杂度 O(n^2), 除非 n <= 16 + - 实现各种排序，知道每种排序的最坏、最好和平均的复杂度分别是什么场景: + - 不要用冒泡排序 - 效率太差 - 时间复杂度 O(n^2), 除非 n <= 16 - [ ] 排序算法的稳定性 ("快排是稳定的么?") - [排序算法的稳定性](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) - [排序算法的稳定性](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) - - [排序算法的稳定性](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) - [排序算法的稳定性](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) - [排序算法 - 稳定性](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) - [ ] 哪种排序算法可以用链表？哪种用数组？哪种两者都可？ @@ -681,41 +744,33 @@ - [链表的归并排序](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) - 关于堆排序，请查看前文堆的数据结构部分。堆排序很强大，不过是非稳定排序。 +- [ ] [Sedgewick ── 归并排序（5个视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] 1. 归并排序 + - [ ] 2. 自下而上的归并排序 + - [ ] 3. 排序复杂度 + - [ ] 4. 比较器 + - [ ] 5. 稳定性 +- [ ] [Sedgewick ── 快速排序（4个视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] 1. 快速排序 + - [ ] 2. 选择 + - [ ] 3. 重复键值 + - [ ] 4. 系统排序 +- [ ] [冒泡排序（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [冒泡排序分析（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [插入排序 & 归并排序（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) +- [ ] [插入排序（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [归并排序（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [快排（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [选择排序（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [冒泡排序 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [冒泡排序分析 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [插入排序 & 归并排序 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) -- [ ] [插入排序 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [归并排序 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [快排 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [选择排序 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - -- [ ] 斯坦福大学关于排序算法的视频: - - [ ] [课程 15 | 编程抽象 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] [课程 16 | 编程抽象 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - -- [ ] Shai Simonson 视频, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): - - [ ] [算法 - 排序 - 第二讲 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) - - [ ] [算法 - 排序2 - 第三讲 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) - -- [ ] Steven Skiena 关于排序的视频: - - [ ] [课程从 26:46 开始 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) - - [ ] [课程从 27:40 开始 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [课程从 35:00 开始 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [课程从 23:50 开始 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) - -- [ ] 加州大学伯克利分校（UC Berkeley） 大学课程: - - [ ] [CS 61B 课程 29: 排序 I (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EiUvYS2DT6I&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=29) - - [ ] [CS 61B 课程 30: 排序 II (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hTY3t80Qsk&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=30) - - [ ] [CS 61B 课程 32: 排序 III (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6LOLpxg6Dc&index=32&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - - [ ] [CS 61B 课程 33: 排序 V (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNMQ4ly43p4&index=33&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - -- [ ] - 归并排序: - - [ ] [使用外部数组](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) - - [ ] [对原数组直接排序](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) -- [ ] - 快速排序: - - [ ] [实现](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) - - [ ] [实现](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) +- [ ] 归并排序代码： + - [ ] [使用外部数组（C语言）](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) + - [ ] [使用外部数组（Python语言）](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) + - [ ] [对原数组直接排序（C++）](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) +- [ ] 快速排序代码： + - [ ] [实现（C语言）](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) + - [ ] [实现（C语言）](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) + - [ ] [实现（Python语言）](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) - [ ] 实现: - [ ] 归并：平均和最差情况的时间复杂度为 O(n log n)。 @@ -723,58 +778,65 @@ - 选择排序和插入排序的最坏、平均时间复杂度都是 O(n^2)。 - 关于堆排序，请查看前文堆的数据结构部分。 -- [ ] 有兴趣的话，还有一些补充 - 但并不是必须的: +- [ ] 有兴趣的话，还有一些补充，但并不是必须的: + - [Sedgewick──基数排序 (6个视频)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Java 中的字符串](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) + - [ ] [2. 键值索引计数（Key Indexed Counting）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting) + - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [5. 3中基数快速排序](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/crkd5/3-way-radix-quicksort) + - [ ] [6. 后继数组（Suffix Arrays）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) - [ ] [基数排序](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) - - [ ] [基数排序 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) - - [ ] [基数排序, 计数排序 (线性时间内) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [随机算法: 矩阵相乘, 快排, Freivalds' 算法 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [线性时间内的排序 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) + - [ ] [基数排序（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [基数排序, 计数排序 (线性时间内)（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [随机算法: 矩阵相乘, 快排, Freivalds' 算法（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [线性时间内的排序（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) + +总结一下，这是[15种排序算法](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg)的可视化表示。如果你需要有关此主题的更多详细信息，请参阅“[一些主题的额外内容](#一些主题的额外内容)”中的“排序”部分。 ## 图（Graphs） 图论能解决计算机科学里的很多问题，所以这一节会比较长，像树和排序的部分一样。 -- Yegge 的笔记: - - 有 3 种基本方式在内存里表示一个图: +- 笔记: + - 有4种基本方式在内存里表示一个图: - 对象和指针 - - 矩阵 + - 邻接矩阵 - 邻接表 + - 邻接图 - 熟悉以上每一种图的表示法，并了解各自的优缺点 - - 宽度优先搜索和深度优先搜索 - 知道它们的计算复杂度和设计上的权衡以及如何用代码实现它们 + - 广度优先搜索和深度优先搜索：知道它们的计算复杂度和设计上的权衡以及如何用代码实现它们 - 遇到一个问题时，首先尝试基于图的解决方案，如果没有再去尝试其他的。 +- MIT（视频）： + - [广度优先搜索](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - [深度优先搜索](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) + - [ ] Skiena 教授的课程 - 很不错的介绍: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 11 - 图的数据结构 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 12 - 广度优先搜索 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 13 - 图的算法 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 14 - 图的算法 (1) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 15 - 图的算法 (2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 16 - 图的算法 (3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 11 - 图的数据结构（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 12 - 广度优先搜索（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 13 - 图的算法（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 14 - 图的算法 (1)（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 15 - 图的算法 (2)（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 16 - 图的算法 (3)（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - [ ] 图 (复习和其他): - - [ ] [6.006 单源最短路径问题 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra 算法 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford 算法(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) - - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra 效率优化 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) - - [ ] [Aduni: 图的算法 I - 拓扑排序, 最小生成树, Prim 算法 - 第六课 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Aduni: 图的算法 II - 深度优先搜索, 广度优先搜索, Kruskal 算法, 并查集数据结构 - 第七课 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) - - [ ] [Aduni: 图的算法 III: 最短路径 - 第八课 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) - - [ ] [Aduni: 图的算法. IV: 几何算法介绍 - 第九课 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014 (从 58:09 开始) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: 加权图 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) - - [ ] [贪心算法: 最小生成树 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [图的算法之强连通分量 Kosaraju 算法 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [6.006 单源最短路径问题（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra 算法（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford 算法（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra 效率优化（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + - [ ] [Aduni: 图的算法 I - 拓扑排序，最小生成树，Prim 算法 - 第六课（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Aduni: 图的算法 II - 深度优先搜索, 广度优先搜索, Kruskal 算法, 并查集数据结构 - 第七课（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) + - [ ] [Aduni: 图的算法 III: 最短路径 - 第八课（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + - [ ] [Aduni: 图的算法. IV: 几何算法介绍 - 第九课（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014 (从 58:09 开始)（视频）](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: 加权图（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) + - [ ] [贪心算法: 最小生成树（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [图的算法之强连通分量 Kosaraju 算法（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) - 完整的 Coursera 课程: - - [ ] [图的算法 (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) - -- Yegge: 如果有机会，可以试试研究更酷炫的算法: - - [ ] Dijkstra 算法 - 上文 - 6.006 - - [ ] A* 算法 - - [ ] [A* 算法](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) - - [ ] [A* 寻路教程 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) - - [ ] [A* 寻路 (E01: 算法解释) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) + - [ ] [图的算法（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) - 我会实现: - [ ] DFS 邻接表 (递归) @@ -798,86 +860,116 @@ - ### 递归（Recursion） - [ ] Stanford 大学关于递归 & 回溯的课程: - - [ ] [课程 8 | 抽象编程 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) - - [ ] [课程 9 | 抽象编程 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) - - [ ] [课程 10 | 抽象编程 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] [课程 11 | 抽象编程 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) + - [ ] [课程 8 | 抽象编程（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) + - [ ] [课程 9 | 抽象编程（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) + - [ ] [课程 10 | 抽象编程（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [课程 11 | 抽象编程（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) - 什么时候适合使用 - 尾递归会更好么? - [ ] [什么是尾递归以及为什么它如此糟糕?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - - [ ] [尾递归 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) + - [ ] [尾递归（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) - ### 动态规划（Dynamic Programming） - - **注意** ：动态规划是门极为重要的技术，尽管其并未被 Google 提供的准备手册提及，但你可能会对寻求最佳解的方式有点疑问，所以我将其列入这份表单。 + - 在你的面试中或许没有任何动态规划的问题，但能够知道一个题目可以使用动态规划来解决是很重要的。 - 这一部分会有点困难，每个可以用动态规划解决的问题都必须先定义出递推关系，要推导出来可能会有点棘手。 - 我建议先阅读和学习足够多的动态规划的例子，以便对解决 DP 问题的一般模式有个扎实的理解。 - - [ ] 视频: - Skiena 的视频可能会有点难跟上，有时候他用白板写的字会比较小，难看清楚。 - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - 课程 19 - 动态规划介绍 (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - 课程 20 - 编辑距离 (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - 课程 21 - 动态规划举例 (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - 课程 22 - 动态规划应用 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) - - [ ] [Simonson: 动态规划 0 (starts at 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) - - [ ] [Simonson: 动态规划 I - 课程 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Simonson: 动态规划 II - 课程 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) - - [ ] 单独的 DP 问题 (每一个视频都很短): - [动态规划 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) - - [ ] Yale 课程笔记: + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - 课程 19 - 动态规划介绍（视频）](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - 课程 20 - 编辑距离（视频）](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - 课程 21 - 动态规划举例（视频）](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - 课程 22 - 动态规划应用（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson: 动态规划 0 (starts at 59:18)（视频）](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson: 动态规划 I - 课程 11（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Simonson: 动态规划 II - 课程 12（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] 单独的 DP 问题 (每一个视频都很短)：[动态规划（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + - [ ] 耶鲁课程笔记: - [ ] [动态规划](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) - [ ] Coursera 课程: - - [ ] [RNA 二级结构问题 (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) - - [ ] [动态规划算法 (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) - - [ ] [DP 算法描述 (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) - - [ ] [DP 算法的运行时间 (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) - - [ ] [DP vs 递归实现 (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) - - [ ] [全局成对序列排列 (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) - - [ ] [本地成对序列排列 (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [RNA 二级结构问题（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) + - [ ] [动态规划算法（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP 算法描述（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP 算法的运行时间（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP vs 递归实现（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) + - [ ] [全局成对序列排列（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [本地成对序列排列（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + +- ### 面向对象编程 + - 可选：[UML 2.0系列（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) + - SOLID 面向对象编程原则：[SOLID 原则（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) + +- ### 设计模式 + - [ ] [UML 统一建模语言概览 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) + - [ ] 主要有如下的设计模式: + - [ ] 策略模式（strategy） + - [ ] 单例模式（singleton） + - [ ] 适配器模式（adapter） + - [ ] 原型模式（prototype） + - [ ] 装饰器模式（decorator） + - [ ] 访问者模式（visitor） + - [ ] 工厂模式，抽象工厂模式（factory, abstract factory） + - [ ] 外观模式（facade） + - [ ] 观察者模式（observer） + - [ ] 代理模式（proxy） + - [ ] 委托模式（delegate） + - [ ] 命令模式（command） + - [ ] 状态模式（state） + - [ ] 备忘录模式（memento） + - [ ] 迭代器模式（iterator） + - [ ] 组合模式（composite） + - [ ] 享元模式（flyweight） + - [ ] [第六章 (第 1 部分 ) - 设计模式 (视频)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) + - [ ] [第六章 (第 2 部分 ) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [第六章 (第 3 部分 ) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [系列视频（27个）](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + - [ ] [Head First 设计模型](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) + - 尽管《设计模式：可复用面向对象软件的基础》才是这方面的经典，但是我还是认为Head First对于新手更加友好。 + - [ ] [实际操作：设计模式和对入门开发者的建议](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) + - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) - ### 组合（Combinatorics） (n 中选 k 个) & 概率（Probability） - - [ ] [数据技巧: 如何找出阶乘、排列和组合(选择) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) - - [ ] [来点学校的东西: 概率 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) - - [ ] [来点学校的东西: 概率和马尔可夫链 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) + - [ ] [数据技巧: 如何找出阶乘、排列和组合(选择)（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [来点学校的东西: 概率（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + - [ ] [来点学校的东西: 概率和马尔可夫链（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) - [ ] 可汗学院: - 课程设置: - [ ] [概率理论基础](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) - - 视频 - 41 (每一个都短小精悍): - - [ ] [概率解释 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) + - 只有视频 - 41 (每一个都短小精悍): + - [ ] [概率解释（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) - ### NP, NP-完全和近似算法 - - 知道最经典的一些 NP 完全问题，比如旅行商问题和背包问题, - 而且能在面试官试图忽悠你的时候识别出他们。 + - 知道最经典的一些 NP 完全问题，比如旅行商问题和背包问题，而且能在面试官试图忽悠你的时候识别出他们。 - 知道 NP 完全是什么意思. - - [ ] [计算复杂度 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) + - [ ] [计算复杂度（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) - [ ] Simonson: - - [ ] [贪心算法. II & 介绍 NP-完全性 (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) - - [ ] [NP-完全性 II & 归约 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [NP-完全性 III (Video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [NP-完全性 IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) + - [ ] [贪心算法. II & 介绍 NP-完全性（视频）](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [NP-完全性 II & 归约（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP-完全性 III（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP-完全性 IV（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) - [ ] Skiena: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 23 - 介绍 NP-完全性 IV (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 24 - NP-完全性证明 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 25 - NP-完全性挑战 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [复杂度: P, NP, NP-完全性, 规约 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) - - [ ] [复杂度: 近视算法 Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) - - [ ] [复杂度: 固定参数算法 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 23 - 介绍 NP-完全性 IV（视频）](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 24 - NP-完全性证明（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 课程 25 - NP-完全性挑战（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [复杂度: P, NP, NP-完全性, 规约（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) + - [ ] [复杂度: 近视算法 Algorithms（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) + - [ ] [复杂度: 固定参数算法（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - Peter Norvik 讨论旅行商问题的近似最优解: - [Jupyter 笔记本](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) - - 《算法导论》的第 1048 - 1140 页。 + - 《算法导论》（CLRS）的第 1048 - 1140 页。 - ### 缓存（Cache） - [ ] LRU 缓存: - - [ ] [LRU 的魔力 (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) - - [ ] [实现 LRU (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) - - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) + - [ ] [LRU 的魔力 (100 Days of Google Dev)（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) + - [ ] [实现 LRU（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) + - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++)（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) - [ ] CPU 缓存: - - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: 存储体系 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) - - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: 缓存的问题 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: 存储体系（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: 缓存的问题（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) - ### 进程（Processe）和线程（Thread） - [ ] 计算机科学 162 - 操作系统 (25 个视频): - 视频 1-11 是关于进程和线程 - - [操作系统和系统编程 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + - [操作系统和系统编程（视频）](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) - [进程和线程的区别是什么?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) - 涵盖了: - 进程、线程、协程 @@ -893,13 +985,15 @@ - 活锁 - CPU 活动, 中断, 上下文切换 - 现代多核处理器的并发式结构 + - [分页（paging），分段（segmentation）和虚拟内存（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) + - [中断（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) - 进程资源需要（内存：代码、静态存储器、栈、堆、文件描述符、I/O） - - 线程资源需要（在同一个进程内和其他线程共享以上的资源，但是每个线程都有独立的程序计数器、栈计数器、寄存器和栈） + - 线程资源需要（在同一个进程内和其他线程共享以上（除了栈）的资源，但是每个线程都有独立的程序计数器、栈计数器、寄存器和栈） - Fork 操作是真正的写时复制（只读），直到新的进程写到内存中，才会生成一份新的拷贝。 - 上下文切换 - - 操作系统和底层硬件是如何初始化上下文切换的。 + - 操作系统和底层硬件是如何初始化上下文切换的？ - [ ] [C++ 的线程 (系列 - 10 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) - - [ ] Python 的协程 (视频): + - [ ] Python 的并发 (视频): - [ ] [线程系列](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) - [ ] [Python 线程](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) - [ ] [理解 Python 的 GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) @@ -908,189 +1002,16 @@ - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - 兴趣主题 (Python 异步 I/O)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) - [ ] [Python 中的互斥](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) - - 系统设计以及可伸缩性，要把软硬件的伸缩性设计的足够好有很多的东西要考虑，所以这是个包含非常多内容和资源的大主题。需要花费相当多的时间在这个主题上。 - -- ### 系统设计、可伸缩性、数据处理 - - Yegge 的注意事项: - - 伸缩性 - - 把大数据集提取为单一值 - - 大数据集转换 - - 处理大量的数据集 - - 系统 - - 特征集 - - 接口 - - 类层次结构 - - 在特定的约束下设计系统 - - 轻量和健壮性 - - 权衡和折衷 - - 性能分析和优化 - - [ ] **从这里开始**: [HiredInTech：系统设计](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [ ] [该如何为技术面试里设计方面的问题做准备?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) - - [ ] [在系统设计面试前必须知道的 8 件事](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) - - [ ] [算法设计](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) - - [ ] [数据库范式 - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) - - [ ] [系统设计面试](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - 这一部分有很多的资源，浏览一下我放在下面的文章和例子。 - - [ ] [如何在系统设计面试中脱颖而出](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) - - [ ] [每个人都该知道的一些数字](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) - - [ ] [上下文切换操作会耗费多少时间?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) - - [ ] [跨数据中心的事务 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) - - [ ] [简明 CAP 理论介绍](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) - - [ ] Paxos 一致性算法: - - [时间很短](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) - - [用例 和 multi-paxos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEpsBg0AO6o) - - [论文](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf) - - [ ] [一致性哈希](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) - - [ ] [NoSQL 模式](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) - - [ ] [OOSE: UML 2.0 系列 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) - - [ ] OOSE: 使用 UML 和 Java 开发软件 (21 videos): - - 如果你对 OO 都深刻的理解和实践，可以跳过这部分。 - - [OOSE: 使用 UML 和 Java 开发软件](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] 面向对象编程的 SOLID 原则: - - [ ] [Bob Martin 面向对象的 SOLID 原则和敏捷设计 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) - - [ ] [C# SOLID 设计模式 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8m4NUhTQU48oiGCSgCP1FiJEcg_xJzyQ) - - [ ] [SOLID 原则 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) - - [ ] S - [单一职责原则](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [每个对象的单一职责](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) - - [更多](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) - - [ ] O - [开闭原则](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [生产环境里的对象应该为扩展做准备而不是为更改](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) - - [更多](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) - - [ ] L - [里氏代换原则](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [基类和继承类遵循 ‘IS A’ 原则](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) - - [更多](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) - - [ ] I - [接口隔离原则](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | 客户端被迫实现用不到的接口 - - [5 分钟讲解接口隔离原则 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) - - [更多](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) - - [ ] D -[依赖反转原则](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | 减少对象里的依赖。 - - [什么是依赖倒置以及它为什么重要](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) - - [更多](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) - - [ ] 可伸缩性: - - [ ] [很棒的概述 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) - - [ ] 简短系列: - - [克隆](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) - - [数据库](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) - - [缓存](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) - - [异步](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) - - [ ] [可伸缩的 Web 架构和分布式系统](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) - - [ ] [错误的分布式系统解释](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) - - [ ] [实用编程技术](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) - - [extra: Google Pregel 图形处理](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) - - [ ] [Jeff Dean - 在 Goolge 构建软件系统 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) - - [ ] [可伸缩系统架构设计介绍](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) - - [ ] [使用 App Engine 和云存储扩展面向全球用户的手机游戏架构实践(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) - - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) - - [ ] [算法的重要性](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) - - [ ] [分片](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) - - [ ] [Facebook 系统规模扩展实践 (2009)](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Scale-at-Facebook) - - [ ] [Facebook 系统规模扩展实践 (2012), "为 10 亿用户构建" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) - - [ ] [Long Game 工程实践 - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) - - [ ] [30 分钟看完 YouTuBe 7 年系统扩展经验](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) - - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) - - [ ] [PayPal 如何用 8 台虚拟机扛住 10 亿日交易量系统](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) - - [ ] [如何对大数据集去重](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) - - [ ] [Etsy 的扩展和工程文化探究 Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) - - [ ] [是什么造就了 Amazon 自己的微服务架构](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) - - [ ] [压缩还是不压缩，是 Uber 面临的问题](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) - - [ ] [异步 I/O Tarantool 队列](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) - - [ ] [什么时候应该用近视查询处理?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) - - [ ] [Google 从单数据中心到故障转移, 到本地多宿主架构的演变]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) - - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) - - [ ] [Egnyte: 构建和扩展 PB 级分布式系统架构的经验教训](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html) - - [ ] [机器学习驱动的编程: 新世界的新编程方式](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) - - [ ] [日服务数百万请求的图像优化技术](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) - - [ ] [Patreon 架构](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) - - [ ] [Tinder: 推荐引擎是如何决定下一个你将会看到谁的?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) - - [ ] [现代缓存设计](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) - - [ ] [Facebook 实时视频流扩展](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) - - [ ] [在 Amazon AWS 上把服务扩展到 1100 万量级的新手教程](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) - - [ ] [对延时敏感的应用是否应该使用 Docker?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) - - [ ] [AMP（Accelerated Mobile Pages）的存在是对 Google 的威胁么?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/14/does-amp-counter-an-existential-threat-to-google.html) - - [ ] [360 度解读 Netflix 技术栈](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) - - [ ] [延迟无处不在 - 如何搞定它？](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) - - [ ] [无服务器架构](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) - - [ ] [是什么驱动着 Instagram: 上百个实例、几十种技术](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) - - [ ] [Cinchcast 架构 - 每天处理 1500 小时的音频](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) - - [ ] [Justin.Tv 实时视频播放架构](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) - - [ ] [Playfish's 社交游戏架构 - 每月五千万用户增长](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) - - [ ] [猫途鹰架构 - 40 万访客, 200 万动态页面访问, 30TB 数据](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) - - [ ] [PlentyOfFish 架构](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) - - [ ] [Salesforce 架构 - 如何扛住 13 亿日交易量](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) - - [ ] [ESPN's 架构扩展](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) - - [ ] 下面 『消息、序列化和消息系统』部分的内容会提到什么样的技术能把各种服务整合到一起 - - [ ] Twitter: - - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) - - [时间线的扩展](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) - - 更多内容可以查看视频部分的『大规模数据挖掘』视频系列。 - - [ ] 系统设计问题练习：下面有一些指导原则，每一个都有相关文档以及在现实中该如何处理。 - - 复习: [HiredInTech 的系统设计](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - - 流程: - 1. 理解问题和范围: - - 在面试官的帮助下定义用例 - - 提出附加功能的建议 - - 去掉面试官认定范围以外的内容 - - 假定高可用是必须的，而且要作为一个用例 - 2. 考虑约束: - - 问一下每月请求量 - - 问一下每秒请求量 (他们可能会主动提到或者让你算一下) - - 评估读写所占的百分比 - - 评估的时候牢记 2/8 原则 - - 每秒写多少数据 - - 总的数据存储量要考虑超过 5 年的情况 - - 每秒读多少数据 - 3. 抽象设计: - - 分层 (服务, 数据, 缓存) - - 基础设施: 负载均衡, 消息 - - 粗略的概括任何驱动整个服务的关键算法 - - 考虑瓶颈并指出解决方案 - - 练习: - - [设计一个 CDN 网络](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) - - [设计一个随机唯一 ID 生成系统](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) - - [设计一个在线多人卡牌游戏](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) - - [设计一个 key-value 数据库](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) - - [设计一个函数获取过去某个时间段内前 K 个最高频访问的请求]( https://icmi.cs.ucsb.edu/research/tech_reports/reports/2005-23.pdf) - - [设计一个图片分享系统](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) - - [设计一个推荐系统](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) - - [设计一个短域名生成系统](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) - - [设计一个缓存系统](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) - -- ### 论文 - - 有 Google 的论文和一些知名的论文. - - 你很可能实在没时间一篇篇完整的读完他们。我建议可以有选择的读其中一些论文里的核心部分。 - - [ ] [1978: 通信顺序处理](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) - - [Go 实现](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) - - [喜欢经典的论文?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) - - [ ] [2003: The Google 文件系统](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) - - 2012 年被 Colossus 取代了 - - [ ] [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) - - 大多被云数据流取代了? - - [ ] [2007: 每个程序员都应该知道的内存知识 (非常长，作者建议跳过某些章节来阅读)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) - - [ ] [2012: Google 的 Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) - - 没有论文 - - [ ] 2012: AddressSanitizer: 快速的内存访问检查器: - - [论文](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) - - [视频](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) - - [ ] 2013: Spanner: Google 的分布式数据库: - - [论文](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) - - [视频](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) - - [ ] [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: 大规模高可用: 构建 Google Ads 的数据基础设施](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: TensorFlow: 异构分布式系统上的大规模机器学习](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) - - [ ] [2015: 开发者应该如何搜索代码：用例学习](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) - - [ ] [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) - - ### 测试 - 涵盖了: - 单元测试是如何工作的 - 什么是模拟对象 - 什么是集成测试 - 什么是依赖注入 - - [ ] [James Bach 讲敏捷软件测试 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) - - [ ] [James Bach 软件测试公开课 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) - - [ ] [Steve Freeman - 测试驱动的开发 (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) + - [ ] [James Bach 讲敏捷软件测试（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) + - [ ] [James Bach 软件测试公开课（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) + - [ ] [Steve Freeman - 测试驱动的开发（视频）](https://vimeo.com/83960706) - [slides](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) - - [ ] [测试驱动的开发已死。测试不朽。](http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html) - - [ ] [测试驱动的开发已死? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9quxZsLcfo) - - [ ] [视频系列 (152 个) - 并不都是必须 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzJapzxH_rE&list=PLAwxTw4SYaPkWVHeC_8aSIbSxE_NXI76g) - [ ] [Python：测试驱动的 Web 开发](http://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/pages/book.html#toc) - [ ] 依赖注入: - [ ] [视频](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) @@ -1101,25 +1022,194 @@ - 在操作系统中是如何运作的 - 在操作系统部分的视频里有很多资料 -- ### 实现系统例程 - - 理解你使用的系统 API 底层有什么 - - 你能自己实现它们么? - - ### 字符串搜索和操作 - - [ ] [文本的搜索模式 (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) - - [ ] Rabin-Karp (videos): - - [Rabin Karps 算法](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) - - [预先计算的优化](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) - - [优化: 实现和分析](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) - - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) - - [滚动哈希](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) - - [ ] Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) 算法: - - [Pratt 算法](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knuth%E2%80%93Morris%E2%80%93Pratt_algorithm) - - [教程: Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) 字符串匹配算法](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ogqPWJSftE) - - [ ] Boyer–Moore 字符串搜索算法 - - [Boyer-Moore字符串搜索算法](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) - - [Boyer-Moore-Horspool 高级字符串搜索算法 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) - - [ ] [Coursera: 字符串的算法](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - [ ] [Sedgewick──后缀数组（Suffix Arrays）（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Sedgewick──子字符串搜寻（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. 子字符串搜寻导论](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/introduction-to-substring-search) + - [ ] [2. 子字符串搜寻──暴力法](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) + - [ ] [3. KMP算法](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) + - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore算法](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) + - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp算法](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) + - [ ] [文本的搜索模式（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + +如果你需要有关此主题的更多详细信息，请参阅“[一些主题的额外内容](#一些主题的额外内容)”中的“字符串匹配”部分。 + +- ### 字典树（Tries） + + - 需要注意的是，字典树各式各样。有些有前缀，而有些则没有。有些使用字符串而不使用比特位来追踪路径。 + - 阅读代码，但不实现。 + - [Sedgewick──字典树（3个视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. R Way字典树](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) + - [ ] [2. 三元搜索树](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) + - [ ] [3. 基于字符串的操作](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) + - [ ] [数据结构笔记及编程技术](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] 短课程视频： + - [ ] [对字典树的介绍（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [字典树的性能（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [实现一棵字典树（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [字典树：一个被忽略的数据结构](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) + - [ ] [TopCoder —— 使用字典树](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [标准教程（现实中的用例）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT，高阶数据结构，字符串（视频中间有点困难）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + +- ### 浮点数 + + - [ ] 简单8位：[浮点数的表示形式-1（视频──计算中存在错误，请参见视频说明）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32位：[IEEE754 32位浮点二进制（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + +- ### Unicode + - [ ] [每一个软件开发者的绝对最低限度，必须要知道的关于 Unicode 和字符集知识](http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [关于处理文本需要的编码和字符集，每个程序员绝对需要知道的知识](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + +- ### 字节序（Endianness） + - [大/小端序](https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141940/http://www.cs.umd.edu:80/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [大端序 Vs 小端序（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [由里入内的大端序与小端序（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - 对于内核开发非常具有技术性，如果大多数的内容听不懂也没关系。 + - 前半部就已经足够了。 + +- ### 网络（视频） + - **如果你具有网络经验或想成为可靠性工程师或运维工程师，期待你的问题** + - 知道这些有益无害，多多益善! + - [ ] [可汗学院](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/computers-and-internet-code-org) + - [ ] [UDP 和 TCP：网络传输协议中的数据压缩（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [TCP/IP 和 OSI 模型解释！（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [互联网上的数据包传输。网络和 TCP/IP 教程。（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL 和 HTTPS（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [视频系列（21个视频）](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [子网络解密 - 第五部分 经典内部域名指向 CIDR 标记（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] 套接字（Sockets）： + - [Java──套接字──介绍（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [套接字编程（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) + +## 系统设计、可伸缩性、数据处理 + +**如果你已经拥有了4年以上的编程经验，那你可以来看看有关系统设计的问题** + +- 系统设计以及可伸缩性，要把软硬件的伸缩性设计的足够好有很多的东西要考虑，所以这是个包含非常多内容和资源的大主题。要花费相当多的时间在这个主题上。 +- 考量： + - 伸缩性 + - 把大数据集提取为单一值 + - 大数据集转换 + - 处理大量的数据集 + - 系统 + - 功能集 + - 接口 + - 类层次结构 + - 在特定的约束下设计系统 + - 轻量和健壮性 + - 权衡和折衷 + - 性能分析和优化 +- [ ] **从这里开始**：[系统设计入门](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [HiredInTech：系统设计](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] [该如何为技术面试里设计方面的问题做准备?](https://www.quora.comHow-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) +- [ ] [在系统设计面试前必须知道的 8 件事](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/228-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) +- [ ] [算法设计](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) +- [ ] [数据库范式 - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) +- [ ] [系统设计面试](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - 这一部分有很多的资源浏览一下我放在下面的文章和例子。 +- [ ] [如何在系统设计面试中脱颖而出](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +- [ ] [每个人都该知道的一些数字](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17numbers-everyone-should-know/) +- [ ] [上下文切换操作会耗费多少时间?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) +- [ ] [跨数据中心的事务（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) +- [ ] [简明 CAP 理论介绍](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) +- [ ] 共识算法： + - [ ] Paxos：[Paxos协议──Computerphile（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ ] Raft: [Raft 分布式共识算法简介（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + - [ ] [易于阅读的论文](https://raft.github.io/) + - [ ] [信息图] +- [ ] [一致性哈希](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) +- [ ] [NoSQL 模式](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) +- [ ] 可伸缩性: + - 你不需要知道所有这些。只需挑选一些你感兴趣的东西即可。 + - [ ] [很棒的概述（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] 简短系列: + - [克隆](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [数据库](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [缓存](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [异步](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [可伸缩的 Web 架构和分布式系统](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) + - [ ] [错误的分布式系统解释](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + - [ ] [实用编程技术](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) + - [extra: Google Pregel 图形处理](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) + - [ ] [Jeff Dean - 在 Goolge 构建软件系统（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + - [ ] [可伸缩系统架构设计介绍](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) + - [ ] [使用 App Engine 和云存储扩展面向全球用户的手机游戏架构实践（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + - [ ] [算法的重要性](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) + - [ ] [分片（Sharding）](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [Facebook 系统规模扩展实践 (2012), "为 10 亿用户构建"（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) + - [ ] [Long Game 工程实践 - Astrid Atkinson Keynote（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + - [ ] [30 分钟看完 YouTuBe 7 年系统扩展经验](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) + - [视频](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [PayPal 如何用 8 台虚拟机扛住 10 亿日交易量系统](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) + - [ ] [如何对大数据集去重](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) + - [ ] [Etsy 的扩展和工程文化探究 Jon Cowie（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + - [ ] [是什么造就了 Amazon 自己的微服务架构](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + - [ ] [压缩还是不压缩，是 Uber 面临的问题](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) + - [ ] [异步 I/O Tarantool 队列](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) + - [ ] [什么时候应该用近似查询处理?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) + - [ ] [Google 从单数据中心到故障转移, 到本地多宿主架构的演变](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) + - [ ] [Egnyte: 构建和扩展 PB 级分布式系统架构的经验教训](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html) + - [ ] [机器学习驱动的编程: 新世界的新编程方式](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) + - [ ] [日服务数百万请求的图像优化技术](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) + - [ ] [Patreon 架构](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + - [ ] [Tinder: 推荐引擎是如何决定下一个你将会看到谁的?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) + - [ ] [现代缓存设计](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + - [ ] [Facebook 实时视频流扩展](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + - [ ] [在 Amazon AWS 上把服务扩展到 1100 万量级的新手教程](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) + - [ ] [对延时敏感的应用是否应该使用 Docker?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) + - [ ] [360 度解读 Netflix 技术栈](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) + - [ ] [延迟无处不在 - 如何搞定它？](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + - [ ] [无服务器架构](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) + - [ ] [是什么驱动着 Instagram: 上百个实例、几十种技术](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) + - [ ] [Cinchcast 架构 - 每天处理 1500 小时的音频](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) + - [ ] [Justin.Tv 实时视频播放架构](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) + - [ ] [Playfish's 社交游戏架构 - 每月五千万用户增长](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) + - [ ] [猫途鹰架构 - 40 万访客, 200 万动态页面访问, 30TB 数据](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) + - [ ] [PlentyOfFish 架构](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) + - [ ] [Salesforce 架构 - 如何扛住 13 亿日交易量](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) + - [ ] [ESPN's 架构扩展](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + - [ ] 下面“消息传递，序列化和队列系统”部分的内容会提到什么样的技术能把各种服务整合到一起 + - [ ] Twitter: + - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter"（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + - [时间线的扩展](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) + - 更多内容可以查看[视频系列部分](#视频系列)的“大规模数据挖掘”视频系列。 +- [ ] 系统设计问题练习：下面有一些指导原则，每一个都有相关文档以及在现实中该如何处理。 + - 复习: [系统设计入门](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [HiredInTech 的系统设计](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [备忘单](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - 流程: + 1. 理解问题和范围: + - 在面试官的帮助下定义用例 + - 提出附加功能的建议 + - 去掉面试官认定范围以外的内容 + - 假定高可用是必须的，而且要作为一个用例 + 2. 考虑约束: + - 问一下每月请求量 + - 问一下每秒请求量 (他们可能会主动提到或者让你算一下) + - 评估读写所占的百分比 + - 评估的时候牢记 2/8 原则 + - 每秒写多少数据 + - 总的数据存储量要考虑超过 5 年的情况 + - 每秒读多少数据 + 3. 抽象设计: + - 分层 (服务, 数据, 缓存) + - 基础设施: 负载均衡, 消息 + - 粗略的概括任何驱动整个服务的关键算法 + - 考虑瓶颈并指出解决方案 + - 练习: + - [设计一个 CDN 网络](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) + - [设计一个随机唯一 ID 生成系统](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) + - [设计一个在线多人卡牌游戏](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) + - [设计一个键值数据库](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) + - [设计一个图片分享系统](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + - [设计一个推荐系统](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + - [设计一个短域名生成系统](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + - [设计一个缓存系统](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) --- @@ -1128,125 +1218,125 @@ 这一部分有一些短视频，你可以快速的观看和复习大多数重要概念。 这对经常性的巩固很有帮助。 -#### 综述: +- [ ] 2-3分钟的简短主题视频系列（23个视频） + - [视频](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] 2-5分钟的简短主题视频系列──Michael Sambol（18个视频）： + - [视频](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] [Sedgewick 视频 ── 算法I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) +- [ ] [Sedgewick 视频 ── 算法II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) -- [ ] 2-3 分钟的短视频系列 (23 个) - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] 2-5 分钟的短视频系列 - Michael Sambol (18 个): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +## 编程问题练习 -#### 排序: +现在你已经了解了上面所有的计算机科学主题，是时候练习回答编程问题了。 -- [ ] 归并排序: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM +**编程问题的实践并不是要记住编程问题的答案**。 +为什么需要练习编程问题： -## 书籍 +- 快速识别问题，以及如何应用正确的数据结构及算法 +- 收集问题的要求 +- 像在面试中一样谈论问题 +- 在白板或纸上而非计算机上编码 +- 计算解决方案的时间和空间的复杂性 +- 测试你的解决方案 -### Google Coaching 里提到的 +这里有个很棒的入门教学，内容是如何在面试中有条不紊，并且有互动沟通地解决问题。这种能力可以从面试书籍中获得，但我觉得这个也很棒：[算法设计画布](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/)。 -**阅读并做练习:** +家里没有白板？那讲得通。我是一个怪人，有一个很大的白板。从白板商店买了一个大的绘图板，而不是白板。你可以坐在沙发上练习。这是我的“沙发白板”。我在照片中添加了笔以便进行缩放。如果你使用笔，则希望可以擦除。快速变得凌乱。我用铅笔和橡皮擦。 -- [ ] 算法设计手册 (Skiena) - - 书 (Kindle 上可以租到): - - [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) - - Half.com 是一个资源丰富且性价比很高的在线书店. - - 答案: - - [解答](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) - - [解答](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) - - [勘误表](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +![我的沙发白板](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) - read and do exercises from the books below. Then move to coding challenges (further down below) - 一旦你理解了每日计划里的所有内容，就去读上面所列的书并完成练习，然后开始读下面所列的书并做练习，之后就可以开始实战写代码了（本文再往后的部分） +补充： -**首先阅读:** -- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) +- [Topcoder的数学](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) +- [动态编程──从新手到高级](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) +- [MIT 面试材料](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) +- [练习以掌握特定语言](http://exercism.io/languages) -**然后阅读 (这本获得了很多推荐， 但是不在 Google coaching 的文档里):** -- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - 如果你看到有人在看 "The Google Resume", 实际上它和 "Cracking the Coding Interview" 是同一个作者写的，而且后者是升级版。 +**阅读并练习编程问题（按此顺序）**： -### 附加书单 +- [ ] [编程面试公开：下一份工作的秘密，第二版](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) + - C，C ++ 和 Java 的答案 +- [ ] [破解编码面试，第六版](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - Java 答案 -这些没有被 Google 推荐阅读，不过我因为需要这些背景知识所以也把它们列在了这里。 +请参阅上方的[书单](#书单)。 -- [ ] C Programming Language, Vol 2 - - [练习的答案](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) - -- [ ] C++ Primer Plus, 6th Edition - -- [ ] [《Unix 环境高级编程》 The Unix Programming Environment](http://product.half.ebay.com/The-UNIX-Programming-Environment-by-Brian-W-Kernighan-and-Rob-Pike-1983-Other/54385&tg=info) - -- [ ] [《编程珠玑》 Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) - -- [ ] [Algorithms and Programming: Problems and Solutions](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Programming-Solutions-Alexander-Shen/dp/0817638474) - -### 如果你有时间 - -- [ ] [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) - -- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) - - 如果你希望在面试里用 C++ 写代码，这本书的代码全都是 C++ 写的 - - 通常情况下能找到解决方案的好书. - -## 编码练习和挑战 +## 编程练习和挑战 一旦你学会了理论基础，就应该把它们拿出来练练。 尽量坚持每天做编码练习，越多越好。 -编程问题预备: +- [如何找到解决方案](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [如何剖析 Topcoder 题目描述](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) -- [ ] [不错的介绍 (摘自 System Design 章节): 算法设计:](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) -- [ ] [如何找到解决方案](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) -- [ ] [如何剖析 Topcoder 题目描述](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) -- [ ] [Topcoders 里用到的数学](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) -- [ ] [动态规划 – 从入门到精通](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) +编码面试问题视频： -- [MIT 面试材料](https://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) - -- [针对编程语言本身的练习](http://exercism.io/languages) +- [IDeserve（88个视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy（5个播放列表）](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - 超级解决问题的方法 +- [Nick White──LeetCode 解题（187个视频）](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - 良好的解决方案和代码解释 + - 你可以在短时间内看好几个 +- [FisherCoder──LeetCode 解题](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) 编码练习平台: - [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) -- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) -- [Project Euler (数学方向为主)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) -- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) + - 我最喜欢的编码问题网站，值得你准备的1-2个月的订阅费用 + - [FisherCoder 的 LeetCode 解题](https://github.com/fishercoder1534/Leetcode) + - 请参阅上面的 Nick White 视频，以获得简短的代码 - [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) -- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) - [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) +- [http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) +- [Project Euler (数学方向为主)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) +- [Code Exercises](https://code-exercises.com/) -- [模拟大公司的面试](http://www.gainlo.co/) +语言学习网站，附带编码挑战： + +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) +- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) + +编码挑战项目： + +- [Python 交互式编码面试挑战](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) + +模拟面试： + +- [Gainlo.co：来自大公司的模拟面试官](http://www.gainlo.co/)──我使用了它，它帮助我减轻了电话屏幕和现场面试的压力 +- [Pramp：模拟来自/与同行的面试](https://www.pramp.com/)──点对点方式练习面试 +- [Refdash：模拟面试和加急面试](https://refdash.com/)──跳过与科技公司的多次面试，帮助求职者快速追踪 +- [interviewing.io：与高级工程师进行模拟面试](https://interviewing.io/)──与来自 FAANG（译者注：Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix and Google） 的高级工程师进行匿名算法/系统设计面试。 ## 当你临近面试时 -- [ ] 搞定代码面试 (videos): +- 搞定代码面试──第二集 (视频): - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) - [Cracking the Coding Interview - 全栈系列](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) - - [Ask Me Anything: Gayle Laakmann McDowell (Cracking the Coding Interview 的作者)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fqxMuPmGak) ## 你的简历 -- [10 条小贴士让你写出一份还算不错的简历](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.co.uk/2007_09_01_archive.html) -- 这是搞定面试的第一个关键步骤 - +- 请参阅“破解编码面试”和“编程面试的背面”中的建立准备项。 ## 当面试来临的时候 - 随着下面列举的问题思考下你可能会遇到的 20 个面试问题 - 每个问题准备 2-3 种回答 - 准备点故事，不要只是摆一些你完成的事情的数据，相信我，人人都喜欢听故事 +随着下面列举的问题思考下你可能会遇到的 20 个面试问题，每个问题准备 2-3 种回答。准备点故事，不要只是摆一些你完成的事情的数据，相信我，人人都喜欢听故事。 - 你为什么想得到这份工作？ - 你解决过的最有难度的问题是什么？ - 面对过的最大挑战是什么? - 见过的最好或者最坏的设计是怎么样的? -- 对某项 Google 产品提出改进建议。 +- 对某个产品提出改进建议。 - 你作为一个个体同时也是团队的一员，如何达到最好的工作状态? -- 你的什么技能或者经验是你的角色中不可或缺的?为什么？ +- 你的什么技能或者经验是你的角色中不可或缺的，为什么？ - 你在某份工作或某个项目中最享受的是什么? - 你在某份工作或某个项目中面临过的最大挑战是什么? -- 你在某份工作或某个项目中遇到过的最蛋疼的 Bug 是什么样的？ +- 你在某份工作或某个项目中遇到过的最硬的 Bug 是什么样的？ - 你在某份工作或某个项目中学到了什么？ - 你在某份工作或某个项目中哪些地方还可以做的更好？ @@ -1256,52 +1346,110 @@ - 团队多大规模? - 开发周期是怎样的? 会使用瀑布流/极限编程/敏捷开发么? -- 经常会为 deadline 加班么? 或者是有弹性的? +- 经常会为截止日期（deadlines）加班么? 或者是有弹性的? - 团队里怎么做技术选型? - 每周平均开多少次会? - 你觉得工作环境有助于员工集中精力吗? - 目前正在做什么工作? - 喜欢这些事情吗? - 工作期限是怎么样的? +- 工作生活怎么平衡? ## 当你获得了梦想的职位 -我还能说些什么呢，恭喜你！ +恭喜你！ -- [我希望在 Google 的第一天就知道的 10 件事](https://medium.com/@moonstorming/10-things-i-wish-i-knew-on-my-first-day-at-google-107581d87286#.livxn7clw) +继续学习。 -坚持继续学习。 - -得到这份工作只是一个开始。 +活到老，学到老。 --- ***************************************************************************************************** ***************************************************************************************************** - 下面的内容都是可选的。这些是我的推荐，不是 Google 的。 - 通过学习这些内容，你将会得到更多的有关 CS 的概念，并将为所有的软件工程工作做更好的准备。 + 下面的内容都是可选的。 + 通过学习这些内容，你将会得到更多的有关 CS 的概念，并将为所有的软件工程工作做更好的准备。你将会成为一个更全面的软件工程师。 ***************************************************************************************************** ***************************************************************************************************** --- -## 附加的学习 +## 额外书籍 -- ### Unicode - - [ ] [每一个软件开发者的绝对最低限度，必须要知道的关于 Unicode 和字符集知识]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) - - [ ] [关于处理文本需要的编码和字符集, 每个程序员绝对需要知道的知识](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + 你可以从以下的书单挑选你有兴趣的主题来研读。 -- ### 字节顺序 - - [ ] [大、小端字节序](https://www.cs.umd.edu/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) - - [ ] [大端字节 Vs 小端字节(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) - - [ ] [大、小端字节序的里里外外(Big And Little Endian Inside/Out) (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) - - 内核开发者的讨论非常技术性，如果大多数都超出了你的理解范围，不要太担心。 - - 前半段已经足够了。 +- [UNIX环境高级编程](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) + - 老，但却很棒 +- [Linux 命令行大全](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - 现代选择 +- [TCP-IP详解系列](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) +- [Head First 设计模式](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - 设计模式入门介绍 +- [设计模式：可复用面向对象软件的基础](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - 也被称为“四人帮”（Gang of Four(GOF)） + - 经典设计模式书籍 +- [Linux 和 UNIX 系统管理技术手册（第五版）](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0134277554/) +- [算法设计手冊（Skiena）](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) + - 作为复习以及问题辨别 + - 这本书中算法的部分难度已经超过面试会出现的 + - 本书分为两个部分: + - 数据结构和算法课本 + - 优点: + - 跟其他算法课本一样是个很棒的复习素材 + - 包含作者以往解决工业及学术上问题的经验的故事 + - 含C语言代码示例 + - 缺点: + - 某些地方跟《算法导论》（CLRS）一样艰深，但在某些主题，算法导论或许是更好的选择。 + - 第7、8、9章有点难以消化，因为某些地方并没有解释得很清楚，或者根本上我就是个学渣 + - 别会错意了，我很喜欢 Skiena 的教学方法以及他的风格。 + - 算法目录: + - 这个部分是买这本书的最大原因 + - 我即将着手进行这部分，一旦完成这部分我会再更新上来 + - 可以在 kindle 上租 + - 解答： + - [解答](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [解答](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [勘误表](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) + +- [编程卓越之道（第一卷）：深入理解计算机](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + + - 该书于2004年出版，虽然有些过时，但是对于简单了解计算机而言，这是一个了不起的资源 + - 作者发明了[高阶组合语言 HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly)，所以提到，并且举了一些HLA的例子。里面没有用到很多，但都是很棒的组合语言的例子。 + - 这些章节值得阅读，为你提供良好的基础： + - 第2章──数字表示 + - 第3章──二进制算术和位运算 + - 第4章──浮点表示 + - 第5章──字符表示 + - 第6章──内存组织和访问 + - 第7章──组合数据类型和内存对象 + - 第9章──CPU体系结构 + - 第10章──指令集架构 + - 第11章──内存体系结构和组织 + +- [算法导论](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) + - **重要提示**：读这本书的价值有限。本书很好地回顾了算法和数据结构，但不会教你如何编写良好的代码。你必须能够有效地编写一个不错的解决方案 + - 又称 CLR，有时是 CLRS，因为 Stein 最后才加入 + +- [计算机体系结构：量化研究方法（第6版）](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + - 更丰富、更新（2017年），但篇幅较长 +- [编程珠矶](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + - 前几章介绍了解决编程问题（非常古老，甚至还用数据磁带）的巧妙解决方案，但这只是一个介绍。这是关于程序设计和体系结构的指南 + +## 附加学习 + + 我把它们加进来是为了让你成为更全方位的软件工程师，并且留意一些技术以及算法，让你拥有更大的工具箱。 + +- ### 编译器 + + - [编译器的工作方式，约1分钟（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [Harvard CS50-编译器（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [C ++（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [了解编译器优化（C ++）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) - ### Emacs and vi(m) - - Yegge 的建议，从一个很早以前的亚马逊招聘信息中而来：熟悉基于 unix 的代码编辑器 + - 熟悉基于 unix 的代码编辑器 - vi(m): - [使用 vim 进行编辑 01 - 安装, 设置和模式 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) - [VIM 的冒险之旅](http://vim-adventures.com/) @@ -1322,335 +1470,463 @@ - [(或许) 深度组织模式:管理结构 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) - ### Unix 命令行工具 - - 下列内容中的优秀工具由的 Yegge 推荐，Yegge 目前致力于 Amazon 人事招聘处。 - - [ ] bash - - [ ] cat - - [ ] grep - - [ ] sed - - [ ] awk - - [ ] curl or wget - - [ ] sort - - [ ] tr - - [ ] uniq - - [ ] [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) - - [ ] [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + - 下列内容包含优秀工具 + - bash + - cat + - grep + - sed + - awk + - curl or wget + - sort + - tr + - uniq + - [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) -- ### 信息资源 (视频) - - [ ] [Khan Academy 可汗学院](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) - - [ ] 更多有关马尔可夫的内容: - - [ ] [Core Markov Text Generation马尔可夫内容生成](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation马尔可夫内容生成补充](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through一个马尔可夫内容生成器的项目](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) - - 关于更多信息，请参照下方 MIT 6.050J 信息和系统复杂度的内容. +- ### 信息论 (视频) + - [Khan Academy 可汗学院](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - 更多有关马尔可夫的内容: + - [马尔可夫内容生成（Core Markov Text Generation）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation马尔可夫内容生成实现](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [一个马尔可夫内容生成器的项目（Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + - 关于更多信息，请参照下方 MIT 6.050J 信息和系统复杂度的内容。 - ### 奇偶校验位 & 汉明码 (视频) - - [ ] [入门](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) - - [ ] [奇偶校验位](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) - - [ ] 汉明码(Hamming Code): + - [入门](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [奇偶校验位](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - 汉明码(Hamming Code): - [发现错误](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) - [修正错误](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) - - [ ] [检查错误](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + - [检查错误](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) -- ### 系统熵值（系统复杂度） +- ### 系统熵值（Entropy） - 请参考下方视频 - 观看之前，请先确定观看了信息论的视频 - - [ ] [信息理论, 克劳德·香农, 熵值, 系统冗余, 数据比特压缩 (视频)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + - [信息理论, 克劳德·香农, 熵值, 系统冗余, 数据比特压缩 (视频)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) - ### 密码学 - 请参考下方视频 - 观看之前，请先确定观看了信息论的视频 - - [ ] [可汗学院](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/密码学) - - [ ] [密码学: 哈希函数](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) - - [ ] [密码学: 加密](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [可汗学院](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/密码学) + - [密码学: 哈希函数](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [密码学: 加密](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - ### 压缩 - 观看之前，请先确定观看了信息论的视频 - - [ ] 压缩 (视频): - - [ ] [压缩](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) - - [ ] [压缩熵值](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) - - [ ] [由上而下的树 (霍夫曼编码树)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) - - [ ] [额外比特 - 霍夫曼编码树](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) - - [ ] [优雅的压缩数据 (无损数据压缩方法)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) - - [ ] [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) - - [ ] [数据压缩的艺术](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) - - [ ] [(可选) 谷歌开发者: GZIP 还差远了呢!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) - -- ### 网络 (视频) - - [ ] [可汗学院](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) - - [ ] [网络传输协议中的数据压缩](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) - - [ ] [TCP/IP 和 OSI 模型解析!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) - - [ ] [TCP/IP 教程：传输数据包.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) - - [ ] [HTTP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) - - [ ] [SSL 和 HTTPS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) - - [ ] [SSL/TLS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) - - [ ] [HTTP 2.0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) - - [ ] [视频](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) - - [ ] [子网络解密 - 第五部分 经典内部域名指向 CIDR 标记](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - Computerphile (视频)： + - [压缩](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [压缩熵值](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [由上而下的树 (霍夫曼编码树)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [额外比特 - 霍夫曼编码树](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [优雅的压缩数据 (无损数据压缩方法)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [数据压缩的艺术](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [(可选) 谷歌开发者：GZIP 还差远了呢!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) - ### 计算机安全 - - [MIT](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [威胁模型：入门](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [控制攻击](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) - - [ ] [缓冲数据注入和防御](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) - - [ ] [优先权区分](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [能力](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [在沙盒中运行原生代码](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) - - [ ] [网络安全模型](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [网络安全应用](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [标志化执行](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [网络安全](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [网络协议](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [旁路攻击](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [MIT（23个视频）](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [威胁模型：入门](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [控制劫持攻击](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [缓冲区溢出漏洞攻击和防御](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [优先权区分](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [能力](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [在沙盒中运行原生代码](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [网络安全模型](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [网络安全应用](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [标志化执行](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [网络安全](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [网络协议](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [旁路攻击](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- ### 释放缓存 - - [ ] [Java 释放缓存; 片段化数据 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) - - [ ] [编译器 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) - - [ ] [Python 释放缓存 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - - [ ] [深度解析：论释放缓存在 JAVA 中的重要性](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) - - [ ] [深度解析：论释放缓存在 Python 中的重要性(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) +- ### 垃圾回收 + - [ ] [Python 中的垃圾回收 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [ ] [深度解析：论垃圾回收在 JAVA 中的重要性](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [ ] [深度解析：论垃圾回收在 Python 中的重要性(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) -- ### 并行/并发编程 +- ### 并行编程 - [ ] [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) - - [ ] [论并行/并发编程如何提高 Python 执行效率 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + - [ ] [用于高性能并行计算的高效Python（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) -- ### 设计模式 - - [ ] [UML统一建模语言概览 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) - - [ ] 主要有如下的设计模式: - - [ ] s(strategy) - - [ ] singleton - - [ ] adapter - - [ ] prototype - - [ ] decorator - - [ ] visitor - - [ ] factory, abstract factory - - [ ] facade - - [ ] observer - - [ ] proxy - - [ ] delegate - - [ ] command - - [ ] state - - [ ] memento - - [ ] iterator - - [ ] composite - - [ ] flyweight - - [ ] [第六章 (第 1 部分 ) - 设计模式 (视频)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) - - [ ] [第六章 (第 2 部分 ) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] [第六章 (第 3 部分 ) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] [视频](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) - - [ ] [Head First 设计模型](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) - - 尽管这本书叫做设计模式：重复使用模块，但是我还是认为Head First是对于新手来说很不错的书。 - - [ ] [基于实际操作对于入门开发者的建议](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) - -- ### 信息传输, 序列化,和队列化的系统 - - [ ] [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) +- ### 消息传递，序列化和队列系统 + - [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) - [教程](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) - - [ ] [协议缓冲](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [协议缓冲](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) - [教程](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) - - [ ] [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) - [gRPC 对于JAVA开发者的入门教程（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) - - [ ] [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [Redis](http://redis.io/) - [教程](http://try.redis.io/) - - [ ] [Amazon的 SQS 系统 (队列)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) - - [ ] [Amazon的 SNS 系统 (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) - - [ ] [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [Amazon的 SQS 系统 (队列)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [Amazon的 SNS 系统 (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) - [入门教程](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) - - [ ] [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) - [Celery入门](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) - - [ ] [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) - [入门教程](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) - - [ ] [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) - - [ ] [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) - - [ ] [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) - - [ ] [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + - [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + +- ### A*搜索算法 + + - [A 搜索算法](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [A* 路径搜索教程（教程）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [A* 路径搜索（E01：算法解释）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) - ### 快速傅里叶变换 - - [ ] [什么是傅立叶变换？论傅立叶变换的用途](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) - - [ ] [什么是傅立叶变换？ (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) - - [ ] [关于 FFT 的不同观点 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) - - [ ] [FTT 是什么](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + - [傅立叶变换的交互式指南](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [什么是傅立叶变换？论傅立叶变换的用途](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [什么是傅立叶变换？ (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [分而治之：FFT（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [FTT 是什么](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) - ### 布隆过滤器 - - 给一个布隆过滤器m比特和k个哈希函数，所有的注入和相关测试都会是通过。 - - [布隆过滤器](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) - - [布隆过滤器 | 数据挖掘 | Stanford University](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - 给定布隆过滤器m比特位和k个哈希函数，插入和成员检测都会是 O(k)。 + - [布隆过滤器（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [布隆过滤器 | 数据挖掘 | Stanford University（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) - [教程](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) - [如何写一个布隆过滤器应用](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) -- ### van Emde Boas 树 - - [ ] [争论: van Emde Boas 树 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) - - [ ] [MIT课堂笔记](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) +- ### HyperLogLog + - [如何仅使用1.5KB内存计算十亿个不同的对象](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) -- ### 更深入的数据结构 - - [ ] [CS 61B 第 39 课: 更深入的数据结构](https://youtu.be/zksIj9O8_jc?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&t=950) +- ### 局部敏感哈希 + - 用于确定文件的相似性 + - MD5 或 SHA 的反义词，用于确定2个文档/字符串是否完全相同 + - [Simhashing（希望如此）变得简单](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) + +- ### van Emde Boas 树 + - [分而治之：van Emde Boas 树 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [MIT课堂笔记](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + +- ### 增强数据结构 + - [CS 61B 第 39 课: 增强数据结构](https://youtu.be/zksIj9O8_jc?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&t=950) + +- ### 平衡查找树（Balanced search trees） + - 掌握至少一种平衡查找树（并懂得如何实现）： + - “在各种平衡查找树当中，AVL 树和2-3树已经成为了过去，而红黑树（red-black trees）看似变得越来越受人青睐。这种令人特别感兴趣的数据结构，亦称伸展树（splay tree）。它可以自我管理，且会使用轮换来移除任何访问过根节点的键。” —— Skiena + - 因此，在各种各样的平衡查找树当中，我选择了伸展树来实现。虽然，通过我的阅读，我发现在面试中并不会被要求实现一棵平衡查找树。但是，为了胜人一筹，我们还是应该看看如何去实现。在阅读了大量关于红黑树的代码后，我才发现伸展树的实现确实会使得各方面更为高效。 + - 伸展树：插入、查找、删除函数的实现，而如果你最终实现了红黑树，那么请尝试一下： + - 跳过删除函数，直接实现搜索和插入功能 + - 我希望能阅读到更多关于 B 树的资料，因为它也被广泛地应用到大型的数据集当中。 + - [自平衡二叉查找树](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + + - **AVL 树** + - 实际中：我能告诉你的是，该种树并无太多的用途，但我能看到有用的地方在哪里：AVL 树是另一种平衡查找树结构。其可支持时间复杂度为 O(log n) 的查询、插入及删除。它比红黑树严格意义上更为平衡，从而导致插入和删除更慢，但遍历却更快。正因如此，才彰显其结构的魅力。只需要构建一次，就可以在不重新构造的情况下读取，适合于实现诸如语言字典（或程序字典，如一个汇编程序或解释程序的操作码）。 + - [MIT AVL 树 / AVL 树的排序（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [AVL 树（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [AVL 树的实现（视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [分离与合并](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + + - **伸展树** + - 实际中：伸展树一般用于缓存、内存分配者、路由器、垃圾回收者、数据压缩、ropes（字符串的一种替代品，用于存储长串的文本字符）、Windows NT（虚拟内存、网络及文件系统）等的实现。 + - [CS 61B：伸展树（Splay trees）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Najzh1rYQTo&index=23&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) + - MIT 教程：伸展树（Splay trees）： + - 该教程会过于学术，但请观看到最后的10分钟以确保掌握。 + - [视频](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) + + - **红黑树** + - 这些是2-3棵树的翻译（请参见下文）。 + - 实际中：红黑树提供了在最坏情况下插入操作、删除操作和查找操作的时间保证。这些时间值的保障不仅对时间敏感型应用有用，例如实时应用，还对在其他数据结构中块的构建非常有用，而这些数据结构都提供了最坏情况下的保障；例如，许多用于计算几何学的数据结构都可以基于红黑树，而目前 Linux 内核所采用的完全公平调度器（the Completely Fair Scheduler）也使用到了该种树。在 Java 8中，Collection HashMap也从原本用Linked List实现，储存特定元素的哈希码，改为用红黑树实现。 + - [Aduni —— 算法 —— 课程4（该链接直接跳到开始部分）（视频）](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [Aduni —— 算法 —— 课程5（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [黑树（Black Tree）](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [二分查找及红黑树的介绍](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + + - **2-3查找树** + - 实际中：2-3树的元素插入非常快速，但却有着查询慢的代价（因为相比较 AVL 树来说，其高度更高）。 + - 你会很少用到2-3树。这是因为，其实现过程中涉及到不同类型的节点。因此，人们更多地会选择红黑树。 + - [2-3树的直感与定义（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [2-3树的二元观点](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [2-3树（学生叙述）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + + - **2-3-4树 (亦称2-4树)** + - 实际中：对于每一棵2-4树，都有着对应的红黑树来存储同样顺序的数据元素。在2-4树上进行插入及删除操作等同于在红黑树上进行颜色翻转及轮换。这使得2-4树成为一种用于掌握红黑树背后逻辑的重要工具。这就是为什么许多算法引导文章都会在介绍红黑树之前，先介绍2-4树，尽管**2-4树在实际中并不经常使用**。 + - [CS 61B Lecture 26：平衡查找树（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqrqYXkth6Q&index=26&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [自底向上的2-4树（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [自顶向下的2-4树（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + + - **N 叉树（K 叉树、M 叉树）** + - 注意：N 或 K 指的是分支系数（即树的最大分支数）： + - 二叉树是一种分支系数为2的树 + - 2-3树是一种分支系数为3的树 + - [K 叉树](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + + - **B 树** + - 有趣的是：为啥叫 B 仍然是一个神秘。因为 B 可代表波音（Boeing）、平衡（Balanced）或 Bayer（联合创造者） + - 实际中：B 树会被广泛适用于数据库中，而现代大多数的文件系统都会使用到这种树（或变种)。除了运用在数据库中，B 树也会被用于文件系统以快速访问一个文件的任意块。但存在着一个基本的问题，那就是如何将文件块 i 转换成一个硬盘块（或一个柱面-磁头-扇区）上的地址。 + - [B 树](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [B 树数据结构](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) + - [B 树的介绍（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [B 树的定义及其插入操作（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [B 树的删除操作（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [MIT 6.851 —— 内存层次模块（Memory Hierarchy Models）（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - 覆盖有高速缓存参数无关型（cache-oblivious）B 树和非常有趣的数据结构 + - 头37分钟讲述的很专业，或许可以跳过（B 指块的大小、即缓存行的大小） + +- ### k-D树 + - 非常适合在矩形或更高维度的对象中查找点数 + - 最适合k近邻 + - [Kd树（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - [kNN K-d树算法（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) - ### 跳表 - "有一种非常迷幻的数据类型" - Skiena - - [ ] [随机化: 跳表 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [更生动详细的解释](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + - [随机化: 跳表 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [更生动详细的解释](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) - ### 网络流 - - [ ] [5分钟简析Ford-Fulkerson (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson 算法 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - - [ ] [网络流 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + - [5分钟简析 Ford-Fulkerson──一步步示例 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [Ford-Fulkerson 算法 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [网络流 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) - ### 不相交集 & 联合查找 - - [ ] [不相交集](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint-set_data_structure) - - [ ] [UCB 61B - 不相交集; 排序 & 选择(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAEGXTwmUsI&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=21) - - [ ] Coursera (not needed since the above video explains it great): - - [ ] [概览](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) - - [ ] [初级实践](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) - - [ ] [树状结构](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) - - [ ] [合并树状结构](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) - - [ ] [路径压缩](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) - - [ ] [分析选项](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) + - [UCB 61B - 不相交集；排序 & 选择(视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAEGXTwmUsI&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=21) + - [Sedgewick算法──Union-Find（6视频）](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) -- ### 快速处理数学 - - [ ] [整数运算, Karatsuba 乘法 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [中国剩余定理 (在密码学中的使用) (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) +- ### 快速处理的数学 + - [整数运算, Karatsuba 乘法 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [中国剩余定理 (在密码学中的使用) (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) - ### 树堆 (Treap) - 一个二叉搜索树和一个堆的组合 - - [ ] [树堆](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) - - [ ] [数据结构：树堆的讲解(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) - - [ ] [集合操作的应用(Applications in set operations)](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + - [树堆](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [数据结构：树堆的讲解（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [集合操作的应用(Applications in set operations)](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) - ### 线性规划（Linear Programming）（视频） - - [ ] [线性规划](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) - - [ ] [寻找最小成本](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) - - [ ] [寻找最大值](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [线性规划](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [寻找最小成本](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [寻找最大值](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [用 Python 解决线性方程式──单纯形算法](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) - ### 几何：凸包（Geometry, Convex hull）（视频） - - [ ] [Graph Alg. IV: 几何算法介绍 - 第 9 课](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) - - [ ] [Graham & Jarvis: 几何算法 - 第 10 课](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: 凸包, 中值查找](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + - [Graph Alg. IV: 几何算法介绍 - 第 9 课](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [Graham & Jarvis: 几何算法 - 第 10 课](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [分而治之: 凸包, 中值查找](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) - ### 离散数学 - - 查看下面的视频：(这里没看到视频= =） + - 查看下面的视频 - ### 机器学习（Machine Learning） - - [ ] 为什么学习机器学习？ - - [ ] [谷歌如何将自己改造成一家「机器学习优先」公司？](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) - - [ ] [智能计算机系统的大规模深度学习 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) - - [ ] [Peter Norvig：深度学习和理解与软件工程和验证的对比](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) - - [ ] [谷歌云机器学习工具（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) - - [ ] [谷歌开发者机器学习清单 (Scikit Learn 和 Tensorflow) (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) - - [ ] [Tensorflow (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) - - [ ] [Tensorflow 教程](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) - - [ ] [Python 实现神经网络实例教程（使用 Theano）](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + - 为什么学习机器学习？ + - [谷歌如何将自己改造成一家「机器学习优先」公司？](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + - [智能计算机系统的大规模深度学习 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + - [Peter Norvig：深度学习和理解与软件工程和验证的对比](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + - [谷歌云机器学习工具（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + - [谷歌开发者机器学习清单 (Scikit Learn 和 Tensorflow) (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + - [Tensorflow (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [Tensorflow 教程](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) + - [Python 实现神经网络实例教程（使用 Theano）](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) - 课程: - - [ ] [很棒的初级课程：机器学习](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) - - [视频教程](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) - - 看第 12-18 集复习线性代数（第 14 集和第 15 集是重复的） - - [ ] [机器学习中的神经网络](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) - - [ ] [Google 深度学习微学位](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) - - [ ] [Google/Kaggle 机器学习工程师微学位](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) - - [ ] [无人驾驶工程师微学位](https://www.udacity.com/drive) - - [ ] [Metis 在线课程 (两个月 99 美元)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) + - [很棒的初级课程：机器学习](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) + - [视频教程](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) + - 看第 12-18 集复习线性代数（第 14 集和第 15 集是重复的） + - [机器学习中的神经网络](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) + - [Google 深度学习微学位](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) + - [Google/Kaggle 机器学习工程师微学位](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) + - [无人驾驶工程师微学位](https://www.udacity.com/drive) + - [Metis 在线课程 (两个月 99 美元)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) - 资源: - - 书籍: Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python: https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X - - 网站: Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ - -- ### Go 语言 - - [ ] 视频: - - [ ] [为什么学习 Go 语言？](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTl0tl9BGdc) - - [ ] [Go 语言编程](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CF9S4QZuV30) - - [ ] [Go 语言之旅](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytEkHepK08c) - - [ ] 书籍: - - [ ] [Go 语言编程入门 (免费在线阅读)](https://www.golang-book.com/books/intro) - - [ ] [Go 语言圣经 (Donovan & Kernighan)](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Addison-Wesley-Professional-Computing/dp/0134190440) - - [ ] [Go 语言新手训练营](https://www.golang-book.com/guides/bootcamp) + - 书籍： + - [Python 机器学习](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) + - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) + - [Python 机器学习简介](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) + - [软件工程师的机器学习](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) + - Data School：http://www.dataschool.io/ -- ## 一些主题的额外内容 - + 我为前面提到的某些主题增加了一些额外的内容，之所以没有直接添加到前面，是因为这样很容易导致某个主题内容过多。毕竟你想在本世纪找到一份工作，对吧？ -- [ ] **动态规划的更多内容** (视频) - - [ ] [6.006: 动态规划 I: 斐波那契数列, 最短路径](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) - - [ ] [6.006: 动态规划 II: 文本匹配, 二十一点/黑杰克](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) - - [ ] [6.006: 动态规划 III: 最优加括号方式, 最小编辑距离, 背包问题](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) - - [ ] [6.006: 动态规划 IV: 吉他指法，拓扑，超级马里奥.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.046: 动态规划: 动态规划进阶](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [6.046: 动态规划: 所有点对最短路径](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) - - [ ] [6.046: 动态规划: 更多示例](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) +- SOLID -- [ ] **图形处理进阶** (视频) - - [ ] [异步分布式算法: 对称性破缺，最小生成树](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) - - [ ] [异步分布式算法: 最小生成树](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID面向对象和敏捷设计的原理（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] S ── [单一责任原则](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [对每个对象的单一责任](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [更多](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O ── [开放/封闭原则](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [在生产级别上，可以扩展对象，但不能修改对象](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [更多](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L ── [Liskov 替换原则](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [基本类别和派生类别遵循“IS A”原则](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [更多](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I ── [接口隔离原理](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | 不应强迫客户端实现不使用的接口 + - [5分钟了解接口隔离原理（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [更多](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D ── [依赖倒置原理](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | 减少对象组合中的依赖性。 + - [依赖倒置原理为何如此重要？](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [更多](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) -- [ ] MIT **概率论** (mathy, and go slowly, which is good for mathy things) (视频): - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 概率论概述](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 条件概率 Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 独立](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 随机变量](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 期望 I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 期望 II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 大偏差](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 随机游走](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) +- Union-Find + - [概览](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [初级实践](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [树状结构](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [合并树状结构](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [路径压缩](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [分析选项](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) -- [ ] [Simonson: 近似算法 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) +- **动态规划的更多内容** (视频) + - [6.006: 动态规划 I: 斐波那契数列, 最短路径](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + - [6.006: 动态规划 II: 文本匹配, 二十一点/黑杰克](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + - [6.006: 动态规划 III: 最优加括号方式, 最小编辑距离, 背包问题](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + - [6.006: 动态规划 IV: 吉他指法，拓扑，超级马里奥.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [6.046: 动态规划: 动态规划进阶](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [6.046: 动态规划: 所有点对最短路径](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [6.046: 动态规划: 更多示例](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) + +- **图形处理进阶** (视频) + - [异步分布式算法: 对称性破缺，最小生成树](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [异步分布式算法: 最小生成树](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) + +- MIT **概率论** (过于数学，进度缓慢，但这对于数学的东西却是必要之恶) (视频): + - [MIT 6.042J - 概率论概述](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - 条件概率 Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - 独立](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - 随机变量](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [MIT 6.042J - 期望 I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - 期望 II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - 大偏差](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - 随机游走](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) + +- [Simonson: 近似算法 (视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) + +- **字符串匹配** + + - Rabin-Karp（视频） + - [Rabin Karps 算法](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) + - [预计算](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) + - [优化：实施和分析](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) + - [表翻倍，Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) + - [滚动哈希，摊销分析](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) + - Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP)： + - [Knuth-Morris-Pratt（KMP）字符串匹配算法](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) + - Boyer–Moore 字符串搜索算法 + - [Boyer–Moore 字符串搜索算法](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) + - [高级字符串搜索Boyer-Moore-Horspool算法（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) + - [Coursera：字符串算法](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - 刚开始时很棒，但是当它超过 KMP 时，它变得比需要复杂得多 + - 很好的字典树解释 + - 可以跳过 + +- **排序** + + - 斯坦福大学关于排序算法的视频: + - [课程 15 | 编程抽象（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [课程 16 | 编程抽象（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + + - Shai Simonson 视频，[Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - [算法 - 排序 - 第二讲（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [算法 - 排序2 - 第三讲（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + + - Steven Skiena 关于排序的视频: + - [课程从 26:46 开始（视频）](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [课程从 27:40 开始（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [课程从 35:00 开始（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [课程从 23:50 开始（视频）](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) ## 视频系列 - 坐下来享受一下吧。"netflix and skill" :P + 坐下来享受一下吧。"netflix 和技能" :P -- [ ] [个人的动态规划问题列表 (都是短视频哟)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) +- [个人的动态规划问题列表 (都是短视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) -- [ ] [x86 架构，汇编，应用程序 (11 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) +- [x86 架构，汇编，应用程序 (11 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) -- [ ] [MIT 18.06 线性代数，2005 年春季 (35 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) +- [MIT 18.06 线性代数，2005 年春季 (35 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) -- [ ] [绝妙的 MIT 微积分：单变量微积分](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) +- [绝妙的 MIT 微积分：单变量微积分](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) -- [ ] [计算机科学 70, 001 - 2015 年春季 - 离散数学和概率理论](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) +- [计算机科学 70, 001 - 2015 年春季 - 离散数学和概率理论](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) -- [ ] [离散数学 (19 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) +- [离散数学 (19 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) -- [ ] CSE373 - 算法分析 (25 个视频) +- [离散数学（第一部分），Sarada Herke （5个视频）](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) + +- CSE373 - 算法分析 (25 个视频) - [Skiena 的算法设计手册讲座](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (2014 年春季): 数据结构 (25 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFPmKGIrQs4&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) +- [UC Berkeley 61B (2014 年春季): 数据结构 (25 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFPmKGIrQs4&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (2006 年秋季): 数据结构 (39 个视频)]( https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) +- [UC Berkeley 61B (2006 年秋季): 数据结构 (39 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61C: 计算机结构 (26 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJJeUFyuvvg&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) +- [UC Berkeley 61C：计算机结构 (26 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJJeUFyuvvg&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) -- [ ] [OOSE: 使用 UML 和 Java 进行软件开发 (21 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) +- [OOSE：使用 UML 和 Java 进行软件开发 (21 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley CS 152: 计算机结构和工程 (20 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr) +- [UC Berkeley CS 152: 计算机结构和工程 (20 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr) -- [ ] [MIT 6.004: 计算结构 (49 视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) +- [MIT 6.004: 计算结构 (49 视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) -- [ ] [卡內基梅隆大学 - 计算机架构讲座 (39 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) +- [卡內基梅隆大学 - 计算机架构讲座 (39 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) -- [ ] [MIT 6.006: 算法介绍 (47 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) +- [MIT 6.006：算法介绍 (47 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) -- [ ] [MIT 6.033: 计算机系统工程 (22 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) +- [MIT 6.033：计算机系统工程 (22 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) -- [ ] [MIT 6.034 人工智能, 2010 年秋季 (30 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) +- [MIT 6.034：人工智能，2010 年秋季 (30 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) -- [ ] [MIT 6.042J: 计算机科学数学, 2010 年秋季 (25 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) +- [MIT 6.042J：计算机科学数学, 2010 年秋季 (25 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) -- [ ] [MIT 6.046: 算法设计与分析 (34 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) +- [MIT 6.046：算法设计与分析 (34 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) -- [ ] [MIT 6.050J: 信息和熵, 2008 年春季 (19 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) +- [MIT 6.050J：信息和熵, 2008 年春季 (19 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) -- [ ] [MIT 6.851: 高等数据结构 (22 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) +- [MIT 6.851：高等数据结构 (22 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) -- [ ] [MIT 6.854: 高等算法, 2016 年春季 (24 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) +- [MIT 6.854: 高等算法, 2016 年春季 (24 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) -- [ ] [MIT 6.858计算机系统安全, 2014 年秋季](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) +- [Harvard COMPSCI 224：高级算法（25个视频）](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) -- [ ] 斯坦福: 编程范例 (17 个视频) - - [C 和 C++ 课程](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTSvthW34GU&list=PLC0B8B318B7394B6F&nohtml5=False) +- [MIT 6.858：计算机系统安全, 2014 年秋季](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- [ ] [密码学导论](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2aHkqB2-46k&feature=youtu.be) - - [本系列更多内容 (不分先后顺序)](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1usFRN4LCMcfIV7UjHNuQg) +- [斯坦福: 编程范例 (27 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) -- [ ] [大数据 - 斯坦福大学 (94 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) +- [密码学导论，Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) + - [课程网站以及幻灯片和问题集](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) + +- [大数据 - 斯坦福大学 (94 个视频)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) + +- [图论，Sarada Herke（67个视频）](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) ## 计算机科学课程 -- [ 在线 CS 课程目录 ](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) +- [在线 CS 课程目录](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) - [CS 课程目录 (一些是在线讲座)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) + +## 论文 + +- [喜欢经典的论文？](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) +- [1978: 通信顺序处理](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [Go 实现](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) +- [2003: The Google 文件系统](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - 2012 年被 Colossus 取代了 +- [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - 大多被云数据流取代了? +- [2006年：Bigtable：结构化数据的分布式存储系统](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) + - [深入了解Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) +- [2006年：针对松散耦合的分布式系统的Chubby Lock服务](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) +- [2007年：Dynamo：亚马逊的高可用键值存储](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) + - Dynamo论文启动了NoSQL革命 +- [2007: 每个程序员都应该知道的内存知识 (非常长，作者建议跳过某些章节来阅读)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) +- [2010年：Dapper，一个大型分布式系统跟踪基础结构](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) +- [2010年：Dremel：Web规模数据集的交互式分析](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) +- [2012: Google 的 Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) + - 没有论文 +- 2012: AddressSanitizer: 快速的内存访问检查器: + - [论文](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [视频](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) +- 2013: Spanner: Google 的分布式数据库: + - [论文](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [视频](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) +- [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) +- [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +- [2015: 大规模高可用: 构建 Google Ads 的数据基础设施](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +- [2015: TensorFlow: 异构分布式系统上的大规模机器学习](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) +- [2015: 开发者应该如何搜索代码：用例学习](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +- [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) + +## LICENSE + +[CC-BY-SA-4.0](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/LICENSE.txt) diff --git a/translations/README-de.md b/translations/README-de.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1651e91 --- /dev/null +++ b/translations/README-de.md @@ -0,0 +1,2146 @@ +# Coding Interview University + +> Ursprünglich habe ich dies als eine kurze To-do Liste von Studienthemen angefangen, um Softwareingenieur zu werden, +> aber es ist zu der riesigen Liste herangewachsen, die man heute sehen kann. Nachdem ich diesen Lehrplan durchgezogen +> habe, [wurde ich als Software Entwickler bei Amazon eingestellt](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! +> Wahrscheinlich wirst du nicht so viel lernen müssen wie ich. Aber egal, alles was man braucht, findest man hier. +> +> Ich habe ungefähr 8-12 Stunden am Tag gelernt, und das für mehrere Monate. Hier ist meine Geschichte: [Why I studied full-time for 8 months for a Google interview](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) +> +> Die Einträge in dieser Liste werden dich gut auf ein Vorstellungsgespräch bei so gut wie jeder Software Firma vorbereiten, +> so bei den Giganten: Amazon, Facebook, Google oder Microsoft. +> +> *Viel Glück!* + +
+Übersetzungen: + +- [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) +- [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md) +- [Español](translations/README-es.md) +- [Português Brasileiro](translations/README-ptbr.md) + +
+ +
+Übersetzungen in Bearbeitung: + +- [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +- [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) +- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) +- [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) +- [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) +- [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) +- [Russian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) +- [Ukrainian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) +- [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) +- [Polish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/122) +- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) +- [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +- [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) +- [Italian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) +- [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) +- [Japanese (日本語)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/257) + +
+ +
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+
+
+ Natively integrated with GitLab, GitHub, and Bitbucket, Gitpod automatically and continuously prebuilds dev environments for all your branches. As a result team members can instantly start coding with fresh dev environments for each new task - no matter if you are building a new feature, want to fix a bug, or work on a code review. +
+ +

+
+
+ +## Worum es geht + +Das ist mein mehrmonatiger Lehrplan um sich vom Web Developer (Selbststudium, kein Abschluss in Informatik) zum Softwareingenieur bei einer großen Firma zu entwickeln. + +![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) + +Dies ist gedacht für **neue Softwareingenieure** oder solche die von der Software/Web Entwicklung zum Software +Engineering wechseln wollen (wobei Informatikkenntnisse benötigt werden). Falls man behauptet mehrere Jahre an Erfahrung +als Softwareingenieur zu haben, erwartet einen ein hartes Vorstellungsgespräch. + +Falls du schon mehrere Jahre Erfahrung in der Software/Webentwicklung hast, muss dir klar sein, dass große Software +Unternehmen wie Google, Amazon, Facebook oder Microsoft Software Engineering und Software Entwicklung +als unterschiedliche Dinge ansehen, und sie setzen Informatikkenntnisse voraus. + +Falls du ein Reliability Engineer oder Operations Engineer werden möchtest, solltest du dir besonders die optionale +Liste (Netzwerke, Sicherheit) ansehen. + +--- + +## Inhaltsverzeichnis + +- [Worum es geht](#what-is-it) +- [Warum solltest du das hier lesen?](#why-use-it) +- [Wie man dies hier benutzt](#how-to-use-it) +- [Halt dich nicht für dümmer als du bist](#dont-feel-you-arent-smart-enough) +- [Über Videoquellen](#about-video-resources) +- [Ablauf von Vorstellungsgesprächen und allgemeine Vorbereitung darauf](#interview-process--general-interview-prep) +- [Wähle eine Sprache für das Vorstellungsgespräch](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview) +- [Literaturliste](#book-list) +- [Bevor du anfängst](#before-you-get-started) +- [Was hier nicht behandelt wird](#what-you-wont-see-covered) +- [Voraussetzungen](#prerequisite-knowledge) +- [Der Tagesplan](#the-daily-plan) +- [Algorithmische Komplexität / Big-O (Groß-O Notation) / Asymptotische Analyse](#algorithmic-complexity--big-o--asymptotic-analysis) +- [Datenstrukturen](#data-structures) + - [Arrays (Felder)](#arrays) + - [Linked Lists (verkettete Listen)](#linked-lists) + - [Stack (Stapel)](#stack) + - [Queue (Wartenschlangen)](#queue) + - [Hash table (Hashtabelle)](#hash-table) +- [Mehr](#more-knowledge) + - [Binärsuche](#binary-search) + - [Bitweise Operationen](#bitwise-operations) +- [Trees (Bäume)](#trees) + - [Trees - Notizen und Hintergrund](#trees---notes--background) + - [Binärer Suchbaum](#binary-search-trees-bsts) + - [Heap / Vorrangwarteschlange / Binärer Heap](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) + - balancierte Suchbäume (allgemeines Konzept, keine Details) + - Traversierung: preorder, inorder, postorder, Breitensuche, Tiefensuche +- [Sortierung](#sorting) + - Auswahl + - Insertion Sort + - Heap Sort + - Quick Sort + - Merge Sort +- [Graphen](#graphs) + - gerichtet + - ungerichtet + - Adjazenzmatrix + - Adjazenzliste + - Traversierung: Breitensuche, Tiefensuche +- [Noch mehr](#even-more-knowledge) + - [Rekursion](#recursion) + - [Dynamische Programmierung](#dynamic-programming) + - [Objektorientierte Programmierung](#object-oriented-programming) + - [Design Patterns (Entwurfsmuster)](#design-patterns) + - [Kombinatorik (n über k) und Wahrscheinlichkeiten](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) + - [NP, NP-Vollständig und Heuristiken](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) + - [Caches](#caches) + - [Prozesse und Threads](#processes-and-threads) + - [Testen](#testing) + - [Scheduling](#scheduling) + - [Stringsuche und -manipulationen](#string-searching--manipulations) + - [Tries (Präfixbäume)](#tries) + - [Fließkommazahlen](#floating-point-numbers) + - [Unicode](#unicode) + - [Endianness (Byte-Reihenfolge)](#endianness) +- [Netzwerke](#networking) +- [Systementwurf, Skalierbarkeit, Datenverarbeitung](#system-design-scalability-data-handling) (wenn du 4+ Jahre erfahrung hast) +- [Finaler Rückblick](#final-review) +- [Übungen zu Programmieraufgaben](#coding-question-practice) +- [Programmieraufgaben/Wettbewerbe](#coding-exerciseschallenges) +- [Wenn das Vorstellungsgespräch bald ansteht](#once-youre-closer-to-the-interview) +- [Dein Lebenslauf](#your-resume) +- [Denk dran wenn das Vorstellungsgespräch kommt](#be-thinking-of-for-when-the-interview-comes) +- [Stell Fragen an den Interviewer](#have-questions-for-the-interviewer) +- [Wenn du den Job bekommst](#once-youve-got-the-job) + +---------------- Alles unter der Linie ist optional ---------------- + +
+Zusätzliche Materialien + +- [Zusätzliche Bücher](#additional-books) +- [Zusätzliches Wissen](#additional-learning) + - [Compiler (Übersetzer)](#compilers) + - [Emacs und vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) + - [Unix Kommandozeilenwerkzeuge](#unix-command-line-tools) + - [Informationstheorie](#information-theory-videos) + - [Parität und Hamming Code](#parity--hamming-code-videos) + - [Entropie](#entropy) + - [Kryptographie](#cryptography) + - [Kompression](#compression) + - [Sicherheit](#computer-security) + - [Garbage collection (automatische Speicherbereinigung)](#garbage-collection) + - [Parallelisierung](#parallel-programming) + - [Messaging, Serialisierung und Queueing Systeme](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems) + - [A*](#a) + - [Fast Fourier Transform](#fast-fourier-transform) + - [Bloom Filter](#bloom-filter) + - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) + - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) + - [van Emde Boas Trees](#van-emde-boas-trees) + - [Augmentierte Datenstrukturen](#augmented-data-structures) + - [Balanced search trees (Balancierte Suchbäume)](#balanced-search-trees) + - AVL Bäume + - Splay Bäume + - Rot-Schwarz-Bäume + - 2-3 Bäume + - 2-3-4 Bäume (aka 2,4 Bäume) + - N-fache (K-fache, M-fache) Bäume + - B-Bäume + - [k-D Bäume](#k-d-trees) + - [Skip Listen](#skip-lists) + - [Netzwerkflüsse](#network-flows) + - [Disjunkte Mengen & Union Find](#disjoint-sets--union-find) + - [Mathematik für schnelle Berechnungen](#math-for-fast-processing) + - [Treap](#treap) + - [Lineare Programmierung](#linear-programming-videos) + - [Geometrie, Konvexe Hülle](#geometry-convex-hull-videos) + - [Diskrete Mathematik](#discrete-math) + - [Machine Learning (maschinelles Lernen)](#machine-learning) +- [Weitere Details zu ausgewählten Themen](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) +- [Videoreihen](#video-series) +- [Infomatikkurse](#computer-science-courses) +- [Paper (Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichtungen)](#papers) + +
+ +--- + +## Warum solltest du das hier lesen? + +Als ich dieses Projekt angefangen habe, konnte ich einen Stack nicht von einem Heap unterscheiden, wusste nichts von +Groß-O, nichts über Bäume, oder wie man einen Graphen durchläuft. Wenn ich einen Sortieralgorithmus hätte schreiben sollen, +dann wäre der nicht besonders gut geworden, so viel kann ich dir sagen. Jede Datenstruktur die jemals benutzt habe war +direkt in der Programmiersprache eingebaut, und ich hatte keine Ahnung wie sie funktioniert haben. Ich muss niemals +Speichermanagement betreiben, außer einer der Prozesse, die ich ausgeführt hatte hat einen "out of memory" Fehler gehabt. +Und wenn das passiert ist, musste ich einen Umweg finden. Ich habe ein paar mehrdimensionale Arrays in meinen Leben benutzt +und ein paar Tausend assoziative Arrays, aber ich habe nie selbst eine Datenstruktur von Grund auf neu geschrieben. + +Es ist ein großer Plan. Es könnte mehrere Monate dauern. Falls dir schon vieles von dem bekannt ist, wird es dich viel +weniger Zeit kosten. + +## Wie man dies hier benutzt + +
+Wie man dies hier benutzt + +Alles hier drunter ist ein Umriss, und du solltest die Aufgaben von oben nach untern abarbeiten. + +Ich benutze GitHub's spezielle Version von Markdown, das beinhält Aufgabenliste, um den Fortschritt zu prüfen. + +**Erstelle einen neuen Branch. Damit du Einträge abhaken kannst, füge einfach nur ein x in eckigen Klammern ein: [x]** + + + Erstelle einen Fork dieses Projekts und gib die folgenden Kommandos ein + +`git checkout -b progress` + +`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` + +`git fetch --all` + + Hake alle Kästchen mit x ab, nachdem du die Änderungen vollzogen hast + +`git add .` + +`git commit -m "Marked x"` + +`git rebase jwasham/main` + +`git push --force` + +[Mehr über die Markdown Version von GitHub](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) + +
+ +## Halt dich nicht für dümmer als du bist +- Erfolgreiche Softwareingenieure sind klug, aber viele sind sich unsicher, ob sie klug genug sind. +- [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +- [It's Dangerous to Go Alone: Battling the Invisible Monsters in Tech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) +- [Believe you can change](http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/dweck) +- [Think you're not smart enough to work at Google? Well, think again](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPOJ1PR50ag) + +## Über Videoquellen + +Auf manche Videos kann man nur zugreifen, indem man sich bei einem Coursera- oder EdX-Kurs einschreibt. Das sind so +genannte MOOCS. Manchmal werden die Kurse gerade nicht angeboten und man muss ein paar Monate warten. Man hat dann +keinen Zugriff darauf. + + Ich würde mich sehr freuen, wenn du mir dabei hilfst kostenlose und immer verfügbare öffentliche Quellen hinzuzufügen, + wie z.B. YouTube Videos, um die Online Kurse zu ergänzen. + Ich benutze gerne Vorlesungen von Hochschulen. + +## Ablauf von Vorstellungsgesprächen und allgemeine Vorbereitung darauf + +
+Ablauf von Vorstellungsgesprächen und allgemeine Vorbereitung darauf + +- [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) +- [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) +- [ ] [Effective Whiteboarding during Programming Interviews](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) +- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Teil 1: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] Wie man einen Job bei den Großen 4 bekommt: + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) + +- [ ] Vorbereitungskurse: + - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (kostenpflichtiger Kurs)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): + - Hier lernt von einem ehemaligen Google Interviewer wie man sich auf ein Vorstellungsgespräch als Software Engineer vorbereitet. + - [ ] [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews! (kostenpflichtiger Kurs)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - Ein auf Python zugeschnittener Kurs welcher Datenstrukturen, Algorithmen, Testinterviews und noch viel mehr behandelt. + - [ ] [Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms using Python! (kostenloser Kurs auf Udacity)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): + - Ein kostenloser auf Python zentrierter Kurs über Datenstrukturen und Algorithmen. + - [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms Nanodegree! (kostenpflichtiges Nandegree Kurs auf Udacity)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): + - Hol dir praktische Erfahrungen im Umgang mit über 100 Datenstrukturen und Algorithmen unter der Führung eines engagierten Mentors der dir dabei hilft dich auf Vorstellungsgespräche und Beispiele aus den Berufsleben vorzubereiten. + +
+ +## Wähle eine Sprache für das Vorstellungsgespräch + +Man sollte eine Sprache wählen mit der man sich wohlfühlt beim Codingteil des Vorstellungsgesprächs. +Aber für große Firmen sind das valide Optionen: + +- C++ +- Java +- Python + +Man könnte auch diese verwenden, aber pass auf. Es könnte einige Vorbehalte geben: + +- JavaScript +- Ruby + +Hier ist ein Artikel den ich über die Auswahl der Programmiersprache für das Vorstellungsgespräch geschrieben habe: [Pick One Language for the Coding Interview](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/) + +Du musst dich mit der Sprache wohlfühlen und auskennen. + +Hier kannst du mehr über die Wahl lesen: +- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ +- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ + +[Siehe language resources](programming-language-resources.md) + +Unten sind ein paar Materialien zu C, C++ und Python zu finden, weil ich das gerade lerne. Es gehören einige Bücher dazu, siehe unten. + +## Literaturliste + +Die Liste ist kürzer als die, die ich tatsächlich benutzt habe. Ich habe es etwas abgekürzt, um euch Zeit zu sparen. + +### Vorbereitung auf das Vorstellungsgespräch + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4nd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) + - Antworten in C++ und Java + - eine gute Aufwärmübung für Cracking the Coding Interview + - nicht allzu schwer, die meisten Probleme sind einfacher als das, was ihr in Vorstellungsgesprächen sehen werdet (von dem, was ich so gelesen habe) +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - Antworten in Java + +
+Wenn man extrem viel Zeit hat: + +Such dir eins aus: + +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [ ] Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version) + - [Buch](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) + +
+ +### Rechnerarchitektur + +- [ ] [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - Das Buch wurde 2004 veröffentlicht und ist etwas veraltet, aber es ist eine hervorragende Quelle, um Computer in Kürze zu verstehen. + - Der Autor hat [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly) erfunden, also sollte man die Erwähnungen und Beispiele in HLA mit Vorsicht genießen. Nicht weit verbreitet, aber ein nettes Beispiel wie Assembly Code aussehen kann. + - Diese Kapitel sind es wert zu lesen um euch eine gute Grundlage zu geben: +
+ ...... + + - Kapitel 2 - Numeric Representation + - Kapitel 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations + - Kapitel 4 - Floating-Point Representation + - Kapitel 5 - Character Representation + - Kapitel 6 - Memory Organization and Access + - Kapitel 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects + - Kapitel 9 - CPU Architecture + - Kapitel 10 - Instruction Set Architecture + - Kapitel 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization + +
+ + +### Sprachspezifisch + +**Man muss sich für das Vorstellungsgespräch für eine Programmiersprache entschieden haben (siehe oben).** + +Hier sind meine Empfehlungen geordnet nach Sprache. Ich habe nicht für alle Sprachen Material. Ich begrüße Ergänzungen. + +Wenn du dich durch eins davon durchgelesen hast, solltest du genügende Wissen über Datenstrukturen und Algorithmen haben, um Coding Probleme lösen zu können. +**Man kann alle Videolektionen in diesem Projekt überspringen**, außer du willst eine Auffrischung. + +[Zusätzliches sprachspezifisches Material hier.](programming-language-resources.md) + +### C++ + +
+C++ + +Ich habe diese beiden zwar nicht gelesen, aber sie sind gut bewertet und von Sedgewick geschrieben. Er ist super. + +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) + +Wenn du eine bessere Empfehlung für C++ hast, bitte lass es mich wissen. Ich suche nach umfassenden Material. + +
+ +### Java + +
+Java + +- [ ] [Algorithms (Sedgewick und Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - Videos mit Buchinhalt (und Sedgewick!) auf Coursera: + - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +ODER: + +- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) + - von Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - wird bei der UC Berkeley als Zusatzmaterial für den Informatik Einstieg benutzt + - siehe Zusammenfassung zur Python Version, dieses Buch behandelt dieselben Themen. + +
+ +### Python + +
+Python + +- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - von Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - Ich habe dieses Buch geliebt. Es hat alles behandelt und mehr. + - Python-hafter Code + - meine feurige Rezension: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ + +
+ + +## Bevor du anfängst + +Diese Liste ist über mehrere Monate gewachsen. Und ja, sie ist etwas aus dem Ruder gelaufen. + +Hier einige Fehler die ich gemacht habe, damit ihr ein besseres Erlebnis haben könnt. + +### 1. Du wirst dich nicht an alles erinnern können + +Ich habe stundenlang Videos gesehen und reichlich Notizen geschrieben. Monate später gab es viel, an das ich mich nicht mehr erinnern konnte. +Ich habe 3 Tage damit verbracht meine Notizen durchzugehen und daraus Lernkarten zu erstellen, damit ich alles noch mal wiederholen konnte. + +Bitte lesen damit ihr nicht meine Fehler wiederholt: + +[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) + +### 2. Benutz Lernkarten + +Um das Problem zu lösen, habe ich eine kleine Webseite erstellt, wo ich 2 Arten von Lernkarten anlegen kann: Allgemein und Code. +Jede Karte hat ihr eigenes Format. + +Ich habe eine mobile-first Webseite gemacht, damit ich auf meinen Smartphone oder Tablet lernen kann, egal wo ich mich befinde. + +Erstell kostenlos deine eigenen Lernkarten: + +- [Lernkarten-Webseiten Repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) +- [Meine Lernkarten Databank (alt - 1200 Karten)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [Meine Lernkarten Databank (neu - 1800 Karten)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): + +Achtung, ich habe es übertrieben und Lernkarten über alles erstellt, von Assembly und Python Trivia bis hin zu Machine Learning und Statistik. Das ist viel mehr als eigentlich notwendig. + +**Anmerkung zu Lernkarten:** Wenn man sich einmal an eine Antwort erinnert, sollte man das nicht als Wissen ansehen. +Man muss sich die Karte mehrmals ansehen und richtig beantworten, bevor man es tatsächlich weiß. Wiederholung wird das +Wissen tiefer in euren Verstand verankern. + +Eine Alternative zu Lernkarten ist [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), was mir schon öfters empfohlen wurde. +Es benutzt ein Erinnerungssystem um einen dabei zu helfen sich zu erinnern. +Es ist benutzerfreundlich, auf allen Plattformen erhältlich und kann sich mit der Cloud synchronisieren. +Es kostet 25$ auf iOS, aber es ist kostenlos für andere Plattformen. + +Meine Lernkarten Sammlung im Anki Format: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (Danke [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) + +### 3. Wiederholen, wiederholen , wiederholen + +Ich behalte eine Reihe von Spickzetteln über ASCII, OSI Stack, Groß-O Notation, und mehr. Ich lerne sie in meiner Freizeit. + +Nimm dir eine Pause vom Programmieren für eine halbe Stunde und gehe deine Lernkarten durch. + +### 4. Fokus + +Es gibt eine Menge Ablenkungen, die deine kostbare Zeit stehlen können. Fokussiert und konzentriert zu bleiben ist schwer. + +## Was hier nicht behandelt wird + +Das sind weitverbreitete Technologien aber nicht Teil des Lehrplans: + +- SQL +- Javascript +- HTML, CSS, und andere Front-end Technologien + +## Der Tagesplan + +Einige der Themen brauchen einen Tag, für andere braucht man mehrere Tage. Manche sind reines Lernen ohne das man was implementiert. + +Jeden Tag nehme ich mir ein Thema aus der Liste unten vor, schaue Videos über das Thema, und schreibe eine Implementierung in: +- C - mit structs und Funktionen die ein struct Pointer und und etwas anderes als Argumente benutzen. +- C++ - ohne vorgefertigte Typen +- C++ - mit vorgefertigte Typen, wie STL's std::list für verkettete Listen +- Python - mit vorgefertigte Typen (um Python weiterhin zu üben) +- und ich schreibe Tests um sicherzugehen, dass ich richtig liege, manchmal sind das nur einfache assert() Statements +- Du könntest auch Java oder etwas anderes machen. Das ist nur das, was ich tue. + +Man braucht nicht alles davon. Man braucht nur [eine Sprache für das Vorstellungsgespräch](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview). + +Warum ich in all diesen Sprachen programmiere? +- Üben, üben, üben, bis ich kotzen muss und es im Schlaf beherrsche (manche Probleme haben viele Sonderfälle und Wissen, an das man sich erinnern muss) +- Unter erschwerten Voraussetzungen arbeiten können (Speicher allokieren/freigeben ohne die Hilfe einer Garbage Collection (Ausnahmen sind Python oder Java)) +- Vorgefertigte Typen verwenden damit ich Erfahrung im Umgang für echte Anwendungsfälle haben (ich werde sich meine eigene verkettete Liste im Alltag implementieren) + +Vielleicht habe ich nicht die Zeit, um das alles für jedes Thema zu machen, aber ich werde es versuchen. + +Man findet meinen Code hier: + - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + +Man muss sich nicht bei jeden Algorithmus an alle Details erinnern können. + +Schreib Code auf einer Tafel oder auf Papier, aber nicht am Computer. Teste mit ein paar einfachen Eingaben. Dann kannst du es am Computer testen. + +## Voraussetzungen + +
+Voraussetzungen + +- [ ] **Lerne C** + - C ist überall. Du wirst Beispiele in Büchern, Vorlesungen, Videos, und generell *überall* finden, während du lernst. + - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - Das ist ein kurzes Buch, aber es wird dich viel über die C Sprache lehren und wenn du ein bisschen übst, + wirst du schnell darin bewandert sein. C zu verstehen, hilft dir zu verstehen, wie Programme und Speicher funktionieren. + - [Antworten auf Fragen](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) + +- [ ] **Wie Computer einen Prozess ausführen:** + - [ ] [Wie der Prozessor ein Programm ausführt (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + - [ ] [How computers calculate - ALU (video)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + - [ ] [Registers and RAM (video)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [ ] [The Central Processing Unit (CPU) (video)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [ ] [Instructions and Programs (video)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) + +
+ +## Algorithmische Komplexität / Big-O (Groß-O Notation) / Asymptotische Analyse + +
+Algorithmische Komplexität / Big-O (Groß-O Notation) / Asymptotische Analyse + +- nichts zum Implementieren +- Es sind eine Menge Videos hier aufgelistet. Schau dir einfach so viele an, bis du es verstanden hast. Man kann immer wieder zurückgehen und noch mal anschauen. +- Falls einige der Vorträge zu mathematisch sind, kann man ans untere Ende springen und sich Videos über diskrete Mathematik anschauen, um das notwendige Hintergrundwissen zu bekommen. +- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [Big O Notations (kleines Tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - beste mathematische Erklärung (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] Skiena: + - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [Folien](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) +- [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) +- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/orders-of-growth-6PKkX) +- [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/asymptotics-bXAtM) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_ca3e7UVmeUc) +- [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/illustrating-big-o-YVqzv) +- [ ] TopCoder (beinhält Differenzgleichungen und Master-Theorem) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) +- [ ] [Spickzettel](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) + + +
+ +## Datenstrukturen + +
+Datenstrukturen + +- ### Arrays (Felder) + - implementiere einen automatisch mitwachsenden Vektor + - [ ] Beschreibung: + - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) + - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (Start watching from 15m 32s) + - [Basic Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_04-basicArrays.mp4) + - [Multi-dim (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_05-multidimensionalArrays.mp4) + - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) + - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_06-jaggedArrays.mp4) + - [Resizing arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/03_01-resizableArrays.mp4) + - [ ] Implementiere ein Vektor (veränderbares Array, das automatisch seine Größe verändert): + - [ ] Übe Arrays und Pointer (Zeiger) zu coden, und benutze Pointerberechnung, um ein Element aus einem Array auszuwählen statt den Index zu benutzen. + - [ ] neues Rohdaten-Array mit allokierten Speicher + - man kann intern ein int Array dafür verwenden, aber nicht die Features davon + - fang an mit der Größe 16, oder wenn die Startnummer schön größer ist, benutze Zweier-Potenzen - 16, 32, 64, 128 + - [ ] size() - Anzahl der Elemente + - [ ] capacity() - Anzahl der Elemente die es enthalten kann + - [ ] is_empty() + - [ ] at(index) - gibt das Element an der gegebenen Index zurück, explodiert wenn der Index außerhalb der Grenzen ist + - [ ] push(item) + - [ ] insert(index, item) - fügt ein Element an der Index-Position ein, schiebt den ursprünglichen Wert vom Index und alle nachfolgenden Elemente eins nach rechts weiter + - [ ] prepend(item) - ist dasselbe wie oben mit Index 0 + - [ ] pop() - entfernt das letzte Element und gibt dessen Wert zurück + - [ ] delete(index) - lösche das Element an der Indexposition und verschiebe jedes Element danach eins nach links + - [ ] remove(item) - sucht den Wert und entfernt den Index, der ihn enthält (auch wenn es mehrere Stellen sind) + - [ ] find(item) - sucht den Wert und gibt den ersten Index mit diesen Wert, -1 wenn der Wert nicht gefunden wird + - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private Funktion + - wenn man die Kapazität erreicht hat, verdopple die Kapazität + - wenn du ein Element löscht und die Größe ist nur 1/4 der Kapazität, halbiere die Kapazität + - [ ] Zeit + - O(1) um am Ende etwas hinzuzufügen/zu löschen (amortisiert bei Verwendung von zusätzlichen Speicher), Indexzugriff, oder update + - O(n) um an eine andere Stelle hinzuzufügen oder zu löschen + - [ ] Speicher + - zusammenhängend im Speicher, Nähe hilft der Performance + - benötigter Speicher = (Array Kapazität, welche >= n ist) * Größe eines Elements, aber selbst bei 2n, immer noch O(n) + +- ### Linked Lists (verkettete Listen) + - [ ] Erklärung: + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) + - nicht das ganze Video nur die Teile über Knotenstruktur und Speicherverwaltung. + - [ ] Linked Lists vs Arrays: + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) + - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) + - [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [ ] Achtung: du brauchst Wissen über Pointer auf Pointer: + (für den Fall, dass man einen Pointer an eine Funktion übergibt und die Funktion die Adresse verändern kann, zu der der Pointer zeigt) + Diese Seite ist dafür Pointer auf Pointer grob zu verstehen. Ich würde diese Art der Listentraversierung nicht empfehlen. Lesbarkeit und Wartbarkeit leiden darunter wenn man versucht clever zu sein. + - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) + - [ ] Implementierung (ich habe es mit Tail-Pointern gemacht und ohne): + - [ ] size() - gibt Anzahl der Datenelemente in der Liste zurück + - [ ] empty() - bool gibt true zurück wenn leer + - [ ] value_at(index) - gibt den Wert an der Stelle index zurück (angefangen bei 0 für das erste Element) + - [ ] push_front(value) - fügt ein Element an den Anfang der List ein + - [ ] pop_front() - löscht das erste Element und gibt dessen Wert zurück + - [ ] push_back(value) - fügt ein Element ans Ende ein + - [ ] pop_back() - löscht das letzte Element und gibt dessen Wert zurück + - [ ] front() - hole den Wert des ersten Elements + - [ ] back() - hole den Wert des letzten Elements + - [ ] insert(index, value) - fügt Wert an der Indexposition ein, das neue Element an der Stelle zeigt auf das aktuelle Element an der Stelle + - [ ] erase(index) - löscht das Element an der gegebenen Stelle + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - gibt den Wert an der n-ten Position von hinten zurück + - [ ] reverse() - kehrt die Liste um + - [ ] remove_value(value) - entfernt das erste Element aus der Liste mit diesen Wert + - [ ] Doubly-linked List (doppelt verkettete Listen) + - [Erklärung (Video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) + - gibt keinen Grund das zu implementieren + +- ### Stack (Stapel) + - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [Using Stacks Last-In First-Out (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_01-usingStacksForLast-inFirst-out.mp4) + - [ ] Werde ich nicht implementieren. Implementierung mittels Array ist trivial. + +- ### Queue (Warteschlangen) + - [ ] [Using Queues First-In First-Out(video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_03-usingQueuesForFirst-inFirst-out.mp4) + - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) + - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_04-priorityQueuesAndDeques.mp4) + - [ ] Implementierung mittels verketteten Listen, mit Tail-Pointer: + - enqueue(value) - fügt Wert am Ende ein + - dequeue() - gibt das älteste Element (am Anfang der Liste) zurück und löscht es + - empty() + - [ ] Implementierung mittels Arrays fester Größe: + - enqueue(value) - fügt ein Element am Ende des verfügbaren Speicherplatzes ein + - dequeue() - gibt das älteste Element zurück und löscht es + - empty() + - full() + - [ ] Kosten: + - eine schlechte Implementierung wo man am Kopf einreiht und am Schwanz ausreiht wäre O(n) + weil man das vorletzte Element braucht, wodurch man die Liste komplett durchgehen muss + - enqueue: O(1) (amortisiert, verkettete Liste und Array) + - dequeue: O(1) (verkettete Liste und Array) + - empty: O(1) (verkettete Liste und Array) + +- ### Hash table (Hash-Tabelle) + - [ ] Videos: + - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + + - [ ] Online Kurse: + - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_02-understandingHashFunctions.mp4) + - [ ] [Using Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_03-usingHashTables.mp4) + - [ ] [Supporting Hashing (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_04-supportingHashing.mp4) + - [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_05-languageSupportForHashTables.mp4) + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) + - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) + - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) + - [ ] verteilte Hash-Tabellen: + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) + - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) + + - [ ] Implementierung mit Array und linear probing + - hash(k, m) - m ist die Größe der Hash-Tabelle + - add(key, value) - falls key schon existiert, wird Wert überschrieben + - exists(key) + - get(key) + - remove(key) + +
+ +## Mehr + +
+Mehr + +- ### Binärsuche + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + - [ ] [Details](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] Implementierung: + - Binärsuche (auf einem sortierten Array von Ganzzahlen) + - Binärsuche mittels Rekursion + +- ### Bitweise Operationen + - [ ] [Bits Spickzettel](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - man sollte viele der Zweierpotenzen kennen (von 2^1 über 2^16 und 2^32) + - [ ] Erhalte sehr gutes Verständnis Bits zu manipulieren mit: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << + - [ ] [Wörter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) + - [ ] Gute Einführung: + [Bit Manipulation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) + - [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) + - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) + - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) + - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] Zweier- und Einerkomplement + - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) + - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) + - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) + - [ ] Bits zählen + - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) + - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) + - [ ] zur nächsten Zweierpotenz aufrunden: + - [Round Up To Next Power Of Two](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/roundUpToNextPowerOfTwo.html) + - [ ] Werte tauschen: + - [Swap](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + - [ ] Absolutwert: + - [Absolute Integer](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) + +
+ +## Trees (Bäume) + +
+Trees (Bäume) + +- ### Trees - Notizen und Hintergrund + - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) + - generell Baumerstellung + - Traversieren (Durchlaufen) + - Algorithmen zur Manipulation + - [ ] [BFS(breadth-first search) and DFS(depth-first search) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) + - BFS (Breitensuche) Bemerkungen: + - Ebenenreihenfolge (BFS, mittels Queue) + - Zeitkomplexität: O(n) + - Speicherkomplexität: beste: O(1), schlechteste: O(n/2)=O(n) + - DFS (Tiefensuche) Bemerkungen: + - Zeitkomplexität: O(n) + - Speicherkomplexität: + beste: O(log n) - durchschnittliche Höhe eines Baumes + schlechteste: O(n) + - inorder (DFS: links, selber, rechts) + - postorder (DFS: links, rechts, selber) + - preorder (DFS: selber, links, rechts) + +- ### Binary search trees: BSTs (Binäre Suchbäume) + - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [Series (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) + - startet mit Symboltabelle und geht durch die Anwendungsgebiete für BST + - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) + - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + - C/C++: + - [ ] [Binary search tree - Implementation in C/C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) + - [ ] [BST implementation - memory allocation in stack and heap (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) + - [ ] [Find min and max element in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Find height of a binary tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal - breadth-first and depth-first strategies (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) + - [ ] [Binary tree: Level Order Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal: Preorder, Inorder, Postorder (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Check if a binary tree is binary search tree or not (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Delete a node from Binary Search Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) + - [ ] [Inorder Successor in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] Implement: + - [ ] insert // füge Wert in Baum ein + - [ ] get_node_count // gibt Anzahl gespeicherter Werte zurück + - [ ] print_values // gibt die Werte im Baum aus, vom Minimum zum Maximum + - [ ] delete_tree + - [ ] is_in_tree // gibt true zurück wenn der gegebene Wert im Baum vorkommt + - [ ] get_height // gibt die Höhe in Knoten zurück (Höhe eines einzelnen Knotens ist 1) + - [ ] get_min // gibt den kleinsten Wert zurück der im Baum gespeichert ist + - [ ] get_max // gibt den größten Wert zurück der im Baum gespeichert ist + - [ ] is_binary_search_tree + - [ ] delete_value + - [ ] get_successor // gibt vom gegebenen Wert den nächstgrößeren Wert im Baum zurück, -1 wenn der nicht existiert + +- ### Heap (Haufen) / Priority Queue (Prioritätswarteschlange) / Binary Heap (Binärer Haufen) + - visualisiert als Baum, aber wächst üblicherweise linear im Speicher (Array, Linked List) + - [ ] [Heap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) + - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) + - [ ] [Naive Implementations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) + - [ ] [Tree Height Remark (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) + - [ ] [Basic Operations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) + - [ ] [Complete Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) + - [ ] [Pseudocode (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) + - [ ] [Heap Sort - jumps to start (video)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) + - [ ] [Building a heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) + - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) + - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] Implementierung eines Max-Heap: + - [ ] insert + - [ ] sift_up - gebraucht fürs Einfügen + - [ ] get_max - gibt den größten Wert zurück, ohne ihn zu löschen + - [ ] get_size() - gibt Anzahl gespeicherter Element zurück + - [ ] is_empty() - gibt true zurück wenn der Heap keine Elemente enthält + - [ ] extract_max - gibt das Max-Element zurück, löscht es + - [ ] sift_down - gebraucht für extract_max + - [ ] remove(i) - entfernt Element an Position i + - [ ] heapify - erstellt einen Heap aus einem Array, gebraucht für heap_sort + - [ ] heap_sort() - nimmt ein unsortiertes Array und verwandelt es in ein sortiertes Array (in-place) mittles Max Heap + - Bemerkung: stattdessen einen Min Heap zu verwenden, würde weniger Operationen brauchen, aber den Speicherbedarf verdoppeln (kann man nicht in-place machen). + +
+ +## Sortierung + +
+Sortierung + +- [ ] Bemerkungen: + - Implementiere Sortierungen und kenne best case/worst case, durchschnittliche Komplexität von jeden: + - kein Bubble Sort - es ist furchtbar - O(n^2), außer wenn n <= 16 + - [ ] Stabilität in Sortieralgorithmen ("Ist Quicksort stabil?") + - [Sorting Algorithm Stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) + - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) + - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) + - [Sorting Algorithms - Stability](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) + - [ ] Welche Algorithmen können mit verketteten Listen genutzt werden? Welche mit Arrays? Welche bei beiden? + - Ich würde nicht empfehlen, verkettete Listen zu sortieren, aber Mergesort ist machbar. + - [Merge Sort For Linked List](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) + +- Für Heap Sort, siehe Heap Datenstruktur oben. Heap Sort ist toll, aber nicht stabil. + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort) + - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) + - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/xAltF/sorting-complexity) + - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/9FYhS/comparators) + - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/vjvnC/quicksort) + - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/UQxFT/selection) + - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/XvjPd/duplicate-keys) + - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/QBNZ7/system-sorts) + +- [ ] UC Berkeley: + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) + +- [ ] [Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Analyzing Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort, Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Quicksort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Selection Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) + +- [ ] Mergesort Code: + - [ ] [Using output array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) + - [ ] [Using output array (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) + - [ ] [In-place (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) +- [ ] Quicksort Code: + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) + - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) + +- [ ] Implementierung: + - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) Durchschnitt und worst case + - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) Durchschnitt + - Selection Sort und Insertion Ssort sind beide O(n^2) im Durchschnitt und worst case + - Für Heap Sort, siehe Heap Datenstruktur oben. + +- [ ] Nicht vorgeschrieben, aber würde ich empfehlen: + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) + - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting) + - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/crkd5/3-way-radix-quicksort) + - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) + - [ ] [Radix Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) + +Als Zusammenfassung ist hier eine grafische Darstellung von [15 Sortieralgorithmen](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg). +Falls du noch mehr zu dem Thema wissen willst, schau dir "Sortierung" unter [Weitere Details für ausgewählte Themen](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) an + +
+ +## Graphen + +
+Graphen + +Graphen können genutzt werden, um damit viele verschiedene Probleme in der Informatik darzustellen. Deswegen ist dieser Abschnitt so lang wie Bäume und Sortierung. + +- Bemerkungen: + - Es gibt 4 verschiedene Arten einen Graphen im Speicher zu repräsentieren: + - Objekte und Pointer + - Adjazenzmatrix + - Adjazenzliste + - adjacency map + - bekanntmachen mit jeder dieser Repräsentationen und ihrer Vor- und Nachteile + - BFS und DFS - kenne Komplexität, ihre Kompromisse, und wie man sie mit echten Code umsetzt + - Wenn eine Frage gestellt wird, suche zuerst nach einer graphbasierten Lösung, dann geh weiter, wenn es keine gibt. + +- [ ] MIT(videos): + - [ ] [Breadth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - [ ] [Depth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) + +- [ ] Skiena Vorlesungen - tolle Einführung: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + +- [ ] Graphen (Besprechung und mehr): + + - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - Lecture 6 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + - [ ] ~~[CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489)~~ + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) + - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + +- Kompletter Coursera Kurs: + - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) + +- werde ich implementieren: + - [ ] DFS mit Adjazenzliste (rekursiv) + - [ ] DFS mit Adjazenzliste (iterativ mit Stack) + - [ ] DFS mit Adjazenzmatrix (rekursiv) + - [ ] DFS mit Adjazenzmatrix (iterativ mit Stack) + - [ ] BFS mit Adjazenzliste + - [ ] BFS mit Adjazenzmatrix + - [ ] Kürzester Pfad (Dijkstra) + - [ ] minimaler Spannbaum + - DFS-basierte Algorithmen (siehe Aduni Videos oben): + - [ ] auf Zyklus prüfen (für Topologische Sortierung benötigt, wir prüfen auf Zyklen bevor wir anfangen) + - [ ] Topologische Sortierung + - [ ] zähle Zusammenhangskomponenten in einen Graph + - [ ] liste starke Zusammenhangskomponenten auf + - [ ] prüfe ob es ein bipartiter Graph ist + +
+ +## Noch mehr + +
+Noch mehr + +- ### Rekursion + - [ ] Stanford Vorlesung über Rekursion und Backtracking: + - [ ] [Lecture 8 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) + - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) + - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) + - wann sollte man es benutzen + - Wann ist Endrekursion gut? + - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) + +- ### Dynamische Programming + - Wahrscheinlich wirst du im Vorstellungsgespräch nichts mit dynamischer Programmierung zu tun haben, aber es ist wert zu erkennen, wann ein Problem für dynamische Programmierung geeignet ist. + - Dieses Thema kann ziemlich schwer sein. Jedes DP Problem muss als Rekursion dargestellt werden, und darauf zu kommen kann schwer sein. + - Ich schlage vor, dass man sich viele DP Probleme ansieht bis man ein gutes Verständnis vom zugrunde liegenden Muster hat. + - [ ] Videos: + - die Skiena Videos kann man manchmal schwer folgen, weil er manchmal auf einer Tafel schreibt, was zu klein zum Lesen ist + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (fängt an bei 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] Liste von einzelnen DP Problemen (jedes Problem ist klein): + [Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + - [ ] Yale Vorlesungsnotizen: + - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) + - [ ] Coursera: + - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) + - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) + - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + +- ### Objekt-Orientierte Programmierung + - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) + - [ ] Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos): + - kann man überspringen wenn man gutes Wissen über OO und OO Design Patterns hat + - [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] SOLID OOP Prinzipien: + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) + - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Eine einzige Zuständigkeit für jedes Objekt](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [mehr dazu](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [Darüber dass Objekte bereit zur Erweiterung aber zur Veränderung sind](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [mehr dazu](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Basisklasse und erbende Klasse folgen dem "IST EIN(E)"-Prinzip](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [mehr dazu](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | Verbraucher sollten nicht dazu gezwungen werden ein Interface zu implementieren, dass sie nicht benutzen + - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [mehr dazu](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduziere Abhängigkeiten beim Zusammenbau von Objekten. + - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [mehr dazu](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) + +- ### Design Patterns (Entwurfsmuster) + - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) + - [ ] Lerne diese Muster: + - [ ] Strategy + - [ ] Singleton + - [ ] Adapter + - [ ] Prototype + - [ ] Decorator + - [ ] Visitor (Besucher) + - [ ] Factory (Fabrik), abstract factory (abstrakte Fabrik) + - [ ] Facade + - [ ] Observer (Beobachter) + - [ ] Proxy + - [ ] Delegate + - [ ] Command + - [ ] State + - [ ] Memento + - [ ] Iterator + - [ ] Composite + - [ ] Flyweight (Fliegengewicht) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 1) - Patterns (video)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Series of videos (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) + - Ich weiß das legitime Buch ist "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", aber Head First ist großartig wenn man mit OO einsteigt. + - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) + - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) + + +- ### Kombinatorik (n über k) und Wahrscheinlichkeit + - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [Make School: Probability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + - [ ] [Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) + - [ ] Khan Academy: + - Kursstruktur: + - [ ] [Basic Theoretical Probability](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) + - Nur die 41 Videos (jedes ist kurz und leicht zu verstehen): + - [ ] [Probability Explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) + +- ### NP, NP-vollständig und Heuristiken + - Kenne die bekanntesten NP-vollständigen Probleme, wie z.B. Traveling Salesman und das Rucksackproblem, + und sei in der Lage die zu erkennen, wenn ein Interviewer heimlich danach fragt. + - Wissen was NP-vollständig bedeutet. + - [ ] [Computational Complexity (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) + - [ ] Simonson: + - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness III (Video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) + - [ ] Skiena: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 23 - Introduction to NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 24 - NP-Completeness Proofs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 25 - NP-Completeness Challenge (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) + - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) + - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - Peter Norvig beschreibt annähernd optimale Lösungen für das Traveling Salesman Problem: + - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) + - Seite 1048 - 1140 in CLRS falls man es besitzt. + +- ### Caches + - [ ] LRU cache: + - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) + - [ ] [Implementing LRU (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) + - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) + - [ ] CPU cache: + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + +- ### Prozesse und Threads + - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operating Systems (25 videos): + - für Prozesse und Threads siehe Videos 1-11 + - [Operating Systems and System Programming (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) + - behandelt: + - Prozesse, Threads, Concurrency issues (Probleme von Parallelität) + - Unterschied zwischen Prozessen und Threads + - Prozesse + - Threads + - Locks + - Mutexe + - Semaphoren + - Monitore + - wie sie funtionieren + - Deadlock + - Livelock + - CPU Äktivität, Interrupts, Kontextwechsel + - Moderne Parallelität mit Multicore Prozessoren + - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) + - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) + - [Scheduling (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Gu5mYdKbu4&index=4&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8) + - Prozess-Ressourcenverwaltung (Speicher: Code, statischer Speicher, Stack, Heap, und auch Datei-Handle, I/O) + - Thread-Ressourcenverwaltung (teilt sich das obere (minus Stack) mit anderen Threads in selben Prozess aber jeder mit einzelnen Befehlszähler, Stackzähler, Registern, und Stack) + - Forking ist einfach Copy on Write (nur lesend) bis der neue Prozess in den Speicher schreibt, dann wird eine komplette Kopie erstellt. + - Kontextwechsel + - Wie wird Kontextwechsel vom Betriebssystem und der zugrunde liegenden Hardware gehandhabt + - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] Parallelität in Python (Videos): + - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) + - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) + - [ ] [Understanding the Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) + - [Referenz](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) + - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) + - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) + - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) + +- ### Testen + - zu behandeln: + - wie Unit Tests funktionieren + - was sind Mockobjekte + - was ist ein Integration Test + - Was ist Dependency Injection + - [ ] [Agile Software Testing with James Bach (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) + - [ ] [Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) + - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant) (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) + - [Folien](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) + - [ ] [TDD is dead. Long live testing.](http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html) + - [ ] [Is TDD dead? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9quxZsLcfo) + - [ ] [Video series (152 videos) - not all are needed (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzJapzxH_rE&list=PLAwxTw4SYaPkWVHeC_8aSIbSxE_NXI76g) + - [ ] [Test-Driven Web Development with Python](http://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/pages/book.html#toc) + - [ ] Dependency Injection: + - [ ] [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) + - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) + - [ ] [How to write tests](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) + +- ### Scheduling + - in einem Betriebssystem, wie funktioniert es + - kann von Betriebssystem Videos gelernt werden + +- ### Stringsuche und -manipulation + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/introduction-to-substring-search) + - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) + - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) + - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) + - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) + - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + + Wer noch mehr Details zu diesem Thema erfahren möchte, sollte sich den "String Matching" Abschnitt unter [Weitere Details zu ausgewählten Themen](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) ansehen + +- ### Tries (Präfixbäume) + - Achtung, es gibt mehrere Arten von Tries. Manche haben Präfixe, manche nicht, und manche benutzen Strings anstelle von Bits, + um den Pfad zu markieren. + - Ich habe mir den Code durchgelesen, aber werde es nicht selber implementieren. + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 Videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) + - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) + - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) + - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] Kurze Kursvideos: + - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) + - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + +- ### Fließkommazahlen + - [ ] 8 Bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (Video - es gibt einen Fehler in den Berechnungen - siehe Videobeschreibung)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32 Bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + +- ### Unicode + - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + +- ### Endianness (Byte-Reihenfolge) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141940/http://www.cs.umd.edu:80/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - Sehr technischer Vortrag für Kernel-Devs. Keine Sorge wenn du das meiste nicht verstehst. + - Die erste Hälfte ist ausreichend. + +- ### Netzwerke + - **Wenn man Erfahrungen mit Netzwerken hat, oder Reliability Engineer oder Operations Engineer werden will, erwartet Fragen dazu** + - ansonsten, ist es nur gut zu wissen + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) + - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained! (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial. (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] Sockets: + - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) + +
+ +## Systementwurf, Skalierbarkeit, Datenverarbeitung + +
+Systementwurf, Skalierbarkeit, Datenverarbeitung + +**Man kann mit Fragen über Systementwurf rechnen, falls man 4+ Erfahrung hat.** + +- Skalierbarkeit und Systementwurf sind sehr große Themengebiete mit vielen verschiedenen Themen und Quellen, + weil es so viel zu beachten gibt, wenn man eine Software/Hardware baut, die skalierbar ist. + Erwarte viel Zeit damit zu verbringen. +- Überlegungen: + - Skalierbarkeit + - vereinfache große Datenmengen zu Einzelwerten + - Transformiere einen Datensatz in einen anderen + - gehe mit absurd großen Datenmengen um + - Systementwurf + - Feature Sets + - Schnittstellen + - Klassenhierarchien + - entwerfe System unter bestimmte Vorgaben + - Einfachheit und Robustheit + - Kompromisse + - Performance Analyse und Optimierung +- [ ] **HIER ANFANGEN**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) +- [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) +- [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) +- [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) +- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - Es gibt hier viele Quellen. Sieh dir Artikel und Beispiele an. Ich habe ein paar davon unten hingeschrieben. +- [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +- [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) +- [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) +- [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) +- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) +- [ ] Consensus Algorithmen: + - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + - [ ] [Easy-to-read paper](https://raft.github.io/) + - [ ] [Infographic](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) +- [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) +- [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) +- [ ] Skalierbarkeit: + - Das braucht man nicht alles. Sucht euch einfach die paar Themen raus, die euch interessieren. + - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] Kurzreihen: + - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) + - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + - [ ] [Pragmatic Programming Techniques](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) + - [extra: Google Pregel Graph Processing](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) + - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) + - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) + - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) + - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) + - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) + - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) + - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) + - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Get In The Queue](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) + - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) + - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) + - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) + - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) + - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) + - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) + - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) + - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) + - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) + - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) + - [ ] [Cinchcast Architecture - Producing 1,500 Hours Of Audio Every Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) + - [ ] [Justin.Tv's Live Video Broadcasting Architecture](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) + - [ ] [Playfish's Social Gaming Architecture - 50 Million Monthly Users And Growing](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) + - [ ] [TripAdvisor Architecture - 40M Visitors, 200M Dynamic Page Views, 30TB Data](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) + - [ ] [PlentyOfFish Architecture](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) + - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) + - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + - [ ] Siehe "Messaging, Serialization und Queueing Systems" weiter unten für Infos über manche Technologien die Services miteinander verbinden können + - [ ] Twitter: + - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) + - Für sogar noch mehr, siehe "Mining Massive Datasets" Videoreihen im [Videoreihen](#video-series) Abschnitt. +- [ ] Übe den Prozess des Systementwurfs: Hier sind ein paar Ideen, die man auf Papier durchspielen kann, jede mit einer Dokumentation wie es in der echten Welt umgesetzt wurde: + - Review: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [Spickzettel](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - Ablauf: + 1. Verstehe das Problem und den Umfang: + - definiere den Anwendungsfall, was dem Interviewer helfen wird + - schlage zusätzliche Funktionen vor + - entferne Elemente die laut Interviewer nicht zum Umfang passen + - nimme an das hohe Erreichbarkeit gefordert ist, füge das zu den Anwendungsfällen hinzu + 2. Denke über Beschränkungen nach: + - frag wie viele Anfragen im Monat es gibt + - frag wie viele Anfragen in der Sekunde es gibt (sie sagen es entweder freiwillig oder du solltest es selbst ausrechnen) + - schätze prozentuales Verhältnis zwischen Lese- und Schreibzugriffe + - denk an die 80/20 Regel bei der Schätzung + - wie viel Daten pro Sekunde geschrieben werden + - absoluter Speicherverbrauch für 5 Jahre + - wie viele Daten pro Sekunde gelesen werden + 3. Abstrakter Entwurf: + - Ebenen (Service, Daten, Caching) + - Infrastruktur: Load Balancing, Messaging + - grobe Übersicht einiger Schlüsselalgorithmen die den Service antreiben + - berücksichtige Flaschenhälse und finde Lösungen + - Übungen: + - [Entwerfe ein CDN Netzwerk: alter Artikel](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) + - [Entwerfe ein System um zufällige einmalige IDs zu generieren](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) + - [Entwerfe ein Online Multiplayer Kartenspiel](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) + - [Entwerfe eine Key-Value Datenbank](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) + - [Entwerfe einen System um Bilder zu teilen](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + - [Entwerfe ein Empfehlungssystem](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + - [Entwerfe ein URL-Shortener System: von oben kopiert](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + - [Entwerfe ein Cache System](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) + +
+ +--- + +## Finaler Rückblick + +
+Finaler Rückblick + + Dieser Abschnitt enthält kürzere Videos, die man sich ziemlich schnell anschauen kann, um die wichtigsten Konzepte noch mal zu wiederholen. + Das ist ganz gut, falls man sein Wissen öfter mal auffrischen möchte. + +- [ ] Reihe mit kurzen 2-3 Minuten Videos (23 videos) + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] Reihe mit kurzen 2-5 Minuten Videos - Michael Sambol (18 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +
+ +--- + +## Übungen zu Programmieraufgaben + +
+Übungen zu Programmieraufgaben + +Jetzt da ihr alle Informatikfragen von oben kennt, wird es Zeit Antworten auf Codingfragen zu üben. + +**Bei den Übungen geht es nicht darum sich die Antworten zu merken.** + +Warum du üben musst Programmieraufgaben zu lösen: +- Probleme wiedererkennen, und welche Datenstrukturen und Algorithmen sich dazu eignen +- Anforderungen an das Problem sammeln +- das Problem zu besprechen wie man es im Vorstellungsgespräch tun würde +- auf der Tafel oder dem Papier zu entwickeln, nicht auf den Computer +- die Zeit- und Speicherkomplexität zu ermitteln +- seine Lösung zu testen + +Es gibt eine großartige Einführung für das methodische, kommunikative Problem lösen in einem Vorstellungsgespräch. +Das kann man auch von Büchern über Vorstellungsgespräche lernen, aber das fand ich herausragend: +[Algorithm Design Canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) + +Keine Tafel zu Hause? Macht Sinn. Ich bin ein Spinner und habe eine große Tafel. +Anstelle einer Tafel hol dir ein großes Zeichenbrett aus dem Kunstladen. Du kannst auf dem Sofa sitzen und üben. +Das ist meine "Sofatafel". Ich habe auf den Foto ein Stift dazu gelegt, um die Größenverhältnisse darzustellen. +Wenn man mit Stift schreibt, wünscht man sich, man könnte löschen. Wird schnell sehr unordentlich. + +![meine Sofatafel](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) + +Zusatz: + +- [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) +- [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) +- [MIT Interview Materials](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) +- [Exercises for getting better at a given language](http://exercism.io/languages) + +**Lese und löse Programmieraufgaben (in dieser Reihenfolge):** + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) + - Antworten in C, C++ und Java +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - Antworten in Java + +Siehe [Literaturliste oben](#book-list) + +
+ +## Programmieraufgaben/Wettbewerbe + +
+Programmieraufgaben/Wettbewerbe + +Nachdem du dir die grauen Zellen weg gelernt hast, lass die grauen Zellen arbeiten. +Nimm jeden Tag eine Herausforderung an, so viele wie du kannst. + +- [ ] [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [ ] [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) + +Videos über Codingfragen im Vorstellungsgespräch: +- [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + +Wettbewerbsseiten: +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) +- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) + +Wettbewerbsrepos: +- [Interactive Coding Interview Challenges in Python](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) + +Mock Interviews: +- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - Das habe ich benutzt und es hat mir dabei geholfen vor den Telefon- und Vor-Ort-Gesprächen besser zu entspannen. +- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - peer-to-peer Modell um Vorstellungsgespräche zu üben +- [Refdash: Mock interviews and expedited interviews](https://refdash.com/) - hilft auch Kandidaten den Prozess zu beschleunigen indem mehrere Vorstellungsgespräche bei Techfirmen übersprungen werden. + +
+ +## Wenn das Vorstellungsgespräch bald ansteht + +- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Teil 2 (videos): + - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) + - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) + +## Dein Lebenslauf + +- Siehe Lebenslaufvorbereitung in Cracking The Coding Interview und den hinteren Teil von Programming Interviews Exposed + + +## Denk dran wenn das Vorstellungsgespräch kommt + +Rechne mit 20 Interviewfragen die dir gestellt werden, zusammen mit den unteren Zeilen. Bereite 2 - 3 Antworten für jede vor. +Bereite eine Geschichte vor, nicht nur ein paar Infos, über etwas das du erreicht hast. + +- Warum möchtest du den Job? +- Was ist ein schweres Problem das du gelöst hast? +- Die größte Herausforderung vor der du standest? +- Bester/schlechtester Entwurf den du gesehen hast? +- Ideen um ein bestehendes Produkt zu verbessern. +- Wie arbeitest du am Besten, als Individuum und als Teil eines Teams? +- Welche deiner Fertigkeiten und Erfahrungen würden dir in der Rolle helfen und warum? +- Was hat dir am meisten Spaß gemacht an [Job x / Projekt y]? +- Was war die größte Herausforderung im [Job x / Projekt y]? +- Was war der schwerste Bug den du bearbeitet hast in [Job x / Projekt y]? +- Was hast du in [Job x / Projekt y] gelernt? +- Was hättest du gerne besser gemacht in [Job x / Projekt y]? + +## Stell Fragen an den Interviewer + + Einige von meinen (ich weiß vielleicht schon die Antwort aber möchte gerne ihre Meinung oder die Meinung des Teams hören): + +- Wie groß ist das Team? +- Wie sieht der Entwicklungszyklus aus? Macht ihr Wasserfall/Sprints/agil? +- Wird oft zu Abgabeterminen gehetzt? Oder seid ihr flexibel? +- Wie werden Entscheidungen in eurem Team getroffen? +- Wie viele Meetings habt ihr pro Woche? +- Hilft dir die Arbeitsumgebung dich zu konzentrieren? +- Woran arbeitet ihr gerade? +- Was gefällt dir daran? +- Wie ist das Arbeitsleben so? + +## Wenn du den Job bekommst + +Gratulation! + +Lerne weiter. + +Man ist nie wirklich fertig. + +--- + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + + Alles unterhalb hiervon ist optional. + Wenn man das studiert, bekommt man mehr Wissen zu Informatikkonzepten, und wird besser auf + einen Softwareingenieur Job vorbereitet. + Man ist dann ein abgerundeterer Softwareingenieur. + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + +--- + +## Zusätzliche Bücher + +
+Zusätzliche Bücher + +- [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) + - alt aber gut +- [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - eine moderne Variante +- [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) +- [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - eine behutsame Einführung zu Design Patterns +- [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - auch bekannt als das "Gang Of Four" Buch, oder GOF + - das anerkannte Buch zu Design Patterns +- [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 5th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0134277554/) +- [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - Als ein Rückblick und zur Problemerkennung + - Der Katalog an Algorithmen ist weit über den Schwierigkeitsgrad, den man in Vorstellungsgesprächen hat. + - Dieses Buch besteht aus 2 Teilen: + - Textbuch über Datenstrukturen und Algorithmen + - Vorteile: + - guter Rückblick wie jedes Algorithmen Textbuch es wäre + - nette Erfahrungsberichte wie er Probleme gelöst hat aus der Industrie oder in der akademischen Welt + - Codebeispiele in C + - Nachteile: + - kann so vollgestopft und unzugänglich sein wie CLRS, und bei einigen Themen wäre CLRS die bessere Wahl + - Kapitel 7, 8, 9 sind extrem schwer zu folgen, weil einige Dinge nicht gut erklärt werden oder ich einfach zu dumm bin + - versteh mich nicht falsch: Ich mag Skiena, seine Art zu unterrichten, seine Eigenheiten, aber ich mag nicht das Stony Brook Material. + - Algorithmenkatalog: + - Das ist der eigentliche Grund, weswegen ich dieses Buch gekauft habe. + - muss mich noch einlesen. Werde das hier ergänzen, sobald ich durch bin. + - kann man auf den Kindle ausleihen + - Antworten: + - [Lösungen](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [Lösungen](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [Korrekturverzeichnis](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) + +- [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) + - **Wichtig:** Das Buch zu lesen ist nur eingeschränkt von Nutzen. Das Buch ist ein toller Rückblick auf Algorithmen und Datenstrukturen, aber man lernt dadurch nicht guten Code zu schreiben. Man muss in der Lage sein effizient vernünftigen Code zu schreiben. + - aka CLR, manchmal CLRS, weil Stein erst später dazu kam + +- [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + - Für eine tiefere, aktuellere (2017), aber auch längere Behandlung + +- [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + - Die ersten paar Kapitel beinhalten clevere Lösungen auf Programmieraufgaben (einige sehr alte mit Datenkasetten) aber + es reicht aus für eine Einführung. Das ist ein Ratgeber zu Programmentwurf und -architektur, vergleichbar mit Code Complete, aber viel kürzer. + +
+ + + +## Zusätzliches Wissen + +
+Zusätzliches Wissen + +Diese Themen werden vermutlich nicht in einen Vorstellungsgespräch aufkommen, aber ich habe sie trotzdem hinzugefügt +um euch dabei zu helfen ein vollständiger Softwareingenieur zu werden und damit ihr über bestimmte Technologien und +Algorithmen Bescheid wisst, sodass ihr eine größere Auswahl an Werkzeugen habt. + +- ### Compiler + - [ ] [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [ ] [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [ ] [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) + +- ### Emacs und vi(m) + - macht euch bekannt mit Unix-basierten Code Editoren + - vi(m): + - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) + - Reihe mit 4 Videos: + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) + - [Using Vi Instead of Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) + - emacs: + - [Basics Emacs Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) + - Reihe mit 3 Videos: + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) + - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) + - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) + - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) + +- ### Unix Kommandozeilenwerkzeuge + - Ich habe in die Liste unten nützliche Werkzeuge gepackt. + - [ ] bash + - [ ] cat + - [ ] grep + - [ ] sed + - [ ] awk + - [ ] curl or wget + - [ ] sort + - [ ] tr + - [ ] uniq + - [ ] [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [ ] [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + +- ### Informationstheorie (Videos) + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - [ ] mehr über Markov-Prozesse: + - [ ] [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [ ] [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [ ] [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + - für mehr, siehe "MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy" weiter unten. + +- ### Parität und Hamming Code (videos) + - [ ] [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [ ] [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - [ ] Hamming Code: + - [Error detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) + - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) + - [ ] [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + +- ### Entropie + - siehe Videos unten + - stell sicher, dass du zuerst die Informationstheorie Videos gesehen hast + - [ ] [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + +- ### Kryptographie + - siehe Videos unten + - stell sicher, dass du zuerst die Informationstheorie Videos gesehen hast + - [ ] [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [ ] [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [ ] [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- ### Kompression + - stell sicher, dass du zuerst die Informationstheorie Videos gesehen hast + - [ ] Computerphile (videos): + - [ ] [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [ ] [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [ ] [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [ ] [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [ ] [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [ ] [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [ ] [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [ ] [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) + +- ### Sicherheit + - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [ ] [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [ ] [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [ ] [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- ### Garbage collection (automatische Speicherbereinigung) + - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [ ] [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) + +- ### Parallelisierung + - [ ] [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [ ] [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + +- ### Messaging, Serialisierung und Queueing Systeme + - [ ] [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) + - [ ] [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [Tutorials](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) + - [ ] [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) + - [ ] [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [Tutorial](http://try.redis.io/) + - [ ] [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [ ] [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [ ] [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [Get Started](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) + - [ ] [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) + - [ ] [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) + - [ ] [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [ ] [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [ ] [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [ ] [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + +- ### A* + - [ ] [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [ ] [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [ ] [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) + +- ### Fast Fourier Transform + - [ ] [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [ ] [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [ ] [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [ ] [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + +- ### Bloom Filter + - Gegeben ein Bloom Filter mit m Bits und k Hashingfunktionen, beides insertion und membership-Tests sind O(k) + - [Bloom Filters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) + - [How To Write A Bloom Filter App](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) + +- ### HyperLogLog + - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) + +- ### Locality-Sensitive Hashing + - wird benutzt um die Ähnlichkeit von Dokumenten zu bestimmen + - Das Gegenteil von MD5 oder SHA, die benutzt werden, um festzustellen ob 2 Dokumente/Strings genau gleich sind. + - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) + +- ### van Emde Boas Trees + - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [ ] [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + +- ### Augmentierte Datenstrukturen + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) + +- ### Balanced search trees (Balancierte Suchbäume) + - mind. 1 Art von Balancierten Suchbäumen kennen (und wissen wie es implementiert wird) + - "Among balanced search trees, AVL and 2/3 trees are now passé, and red-black trees seem to be more popular. + A particularly interesting self-organizing data structure is the splay tree, which uses rotations + to move any accessed key to the root." - Skiena + - Ich habe mich dazu entschieden einen Splay Tree zu implementieren. Von dem was ich gelesen habe, wird man kein + balancierten Suchbaum in einem Vorstellungsgespräch implementieren. Aber ich wollte die Erfahrung machen selber einen zu coden + und seien wir mal ehrlich, Splay Trees sind Alleskönner. Ich habe eine Menge Code für Rot-Schwarz Bäume gelesen. + - Splay Tree: insert, search, delete Funktionen + Falls man mit einen Rot-Schwarz Baum endet, versuch das: + - search und insertion Funktionen, delete überspringen + - Ich möchte mehr über B-Bäume lernen, da sie so weit verbreitet sind bei riesigen Datenmengen. + - [ ] [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + + - [ ] **AVL Trees** + - In der Praxis: + Meines Wissens nach werden sie nicht so oft in der Praxis verwendet, aber ich könnte mir vorstellen wo sie verwendet werden: + Der AVL Tree ist eine weitere Datenstruktur die O(log n) Suchen, Einfügen und Löschen unterstützt. + Sie sind strenger balanciert als Rot-Schwarz Bäume, was das Einfügen und Löschen verlangsamt aber das Auslesen beschleunigt. + Das macht sie attraktiv für Datenstrukturen die nur einmal aufgebaut und geladen werden ohne Umbau, + so wie Wörterbücher für Sprachen (oder für Programme, wie z.B. der Opcode eines Assemblers oder Interpreters). + - [ ] [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + + - [ ] **Splay Trees** + - In der Praxis: + Splay Trees werden typischerweise bei der Implementierung von Caches, Speicherverwaltung, Routers, Garbage Collectoren, + Datenkompression, Ropes (Ersatz für String, gebraucht für lange Texte), in Windows NT (im virtuellen Speicher, + Netzwerk und Dateisystem Code) etc. verwendet + - [ ] [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) + - [ ] MIT Vorlesung: Splay Trees: + - Wird sehr mathematisch, aber man sollte sich auf jeden Fall die letzten 10 Minuten ansehen. + - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) + + - [ ] **Red/black trees (Rot-Schwarz Bäume)** + - sind eine umgewandelte Form von 2-3 Bäumen (siehe unten) + - In der Praxis: + Rot-Schwarz Bäume bieten eine worst-case Laufzeitgarantie für Einfügen, Löschen und suchen. + Das macht sie nicht nur wertvoll für zeitkritische Anwendungen wie Echtzeitanwendungen, + sondern es macht sie auch zu wertvollen Bausteinen in andere Datenstrukturen mit worst-case Garantien. + Z.B. viele Datenstrukturen aus der algorithmischen Geometrie können auf Rot-Schwarz Bäumen basieren, + und der Completely Fair Scheduler der in aktuellen Linux Kernels verwendet wird benutzt Rot-Schwaz Bäume. + In Java 8 wurde die Collection Hashmap so angepasst, dass anstelle einer verketteten Listen ein Rot-Schwarz Baum + benutzt wird, um identische Elemente mit schlechten Hashwerten zu speichern. + - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (Link springt direkt zum Anfang) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [ ] [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + + - [ ] **2-3 Bäume** + - In der Praxis: + Bei 2-3 Suchbäumen kann man schneller einfügen zu Lasten von langsameren Suchen (weil die Höhe größer ist verglichen mit AVL Trees). + - Man würde einen 2-3 Tree nur sehr selten verwenden, weil deren Implementierung mehrere verschiedene Arten von Knoten umfasst. Stattdessen benutzt man Rot-Schwarz Bäume. + - [ ] [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [ ] [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + + - [ ] **2-3-4 Bäume (aka 2-4 Bäume)** + - In der Praxis: + Für jeden 2-4 Baum existiert ein Rot-Schwarz Baum mit Datenelementen in derselben Reihenfolge. + Das Einfügen und Löschen auf 2-4 Bäumen ist äquivalent zum Farbwechsel und Rotation im Rot-Schwarz Baum. + Das macht 2-4 Bäume zu einem wichtigen Werkzeug, um die Logik hinter Rot-Schwarz Bäumen zu verstehen. + Und deswegen führen viele Algorithmen Bücher für Einsteiger 2-4 Bäume direkt vor Rot-Schwarz Bäumen ein + selbst obwohl **2-4 Trees nicht oft in der Praxis benutzt werden**. + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) + - [ ] [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + + - [ ] **N-fache (K-fache, M-fache) Bäume** + - Notiz: das N oder K ist der Verzweigungsgrad (max. Zweige) + - Binärbäume sind 2-fache Bäume, mit Verzweigungsgrad = 2 + - 2-3 Trees sind 3-fache + - [ ] [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + + - [ ] **B-Bäume** + - Fun Fact: Es ist ein Mysterium, aber das B könnte für Boeing, Balanciert, oder Bayer (Co-Erfinder) stehen + - In der Praxis: + B-Bäume sind weit verbreitet in Datenbanken. Die meisten modernen Dateisysteme sind B-Bäume (oder Varianten davon). + Zusätzlich zum Einsatz in Datenbanken werden B-Bäume auch in Dateisystemen benutzt, um schnellen Zugriff auf einen + beliebigen Block in einer bestimmten Datei zu ermöglichen. + Das Grundproblem ist es die Adresse eines Dateiblockes in die Adresse eines Diskblocks (oder eines Zylinder-Kopf-Sektors) zu verwandeln. + - [ ] [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [ ] [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [ ] [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - behandelt cache-oblivious B-Bäume, sehr interessante Datenstrukturen + - die ersten 37 Minuten sind sehr technisch, können übersprungen werden (B ist Blockgröße, Cache Zeilen Länge) + + +- ### k-D Bäume + - großartig um mehrere Punkte in einem Rechteck oder höherdimensionalen Objekten zu finden + - gut geeignet für k-nearest neighbors + - [ ] [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - [ ] [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + +- ### Skip Listen + - "These are somewhat of a cult data structure" - Skiena + - [ ] [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + +- ### Netzwerkflüsse + - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) + - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [ ] [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + +- ### Disjunkte Mengen & Union Find + - [ ] [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) + - [ ] [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) + +- ### Mathematik für schnelle Berechnungen + - [ ] [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + +- ### Treap + - Kombination eines binären Suchbaums mit einem Heap + - [ ] [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [ ] [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [ ] [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + +- ### Lineare Programmierung (videos) + - [ ] [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [ ] [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [ ] [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [ ] [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) + +- ### Geometrie, Konvexe Hülle (videos) + - [ ] [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [ ] [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + +- ### Diskrete Mathematik + - siehe Videos unten + +- ### Machine Learning + - [ ] Warum ML? + - [ ] [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + - [ ] [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + - [ ] [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + - [ ] [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + - [ ] [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + - [ ] [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [ ] [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) + - [ ] [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + - Kurse: + - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) + - [nur Videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) + - siehe Videos 12-18 für eine Auffrischung zu Linearer Algebra (14 und 15 sind Duplikate) + - [Neural Networks for Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) + - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) + - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) + - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) + - [Metis Online Course ($99 for 2 months)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) + - Quellen: + - Bücher: + - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) + - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) + - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) + - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) + - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ + +
+ +--- + +## Weitere Details zu ausgewählten Themen + +
+Weitere Details zu ausgewählten Themen + + Ich habe das hinzugefügt, um einige Ideen weiter oben zu verstärken, aber ich wollte sie nicht + oben hinzufügen, weil es sonst zu viel wäre. Es ist leicht es mit einen Thema zu übertreiben. + Ihr wollt doch noch in diesem Jahrhundert eingestellt werden, oder? + +- [ ] **Union-Find** + - [ ] [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [ ] [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [ ] [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [ ] [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [ ] [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) + +- [ ] **Mehr Dynamische Programmierung** (Videos) + - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + - [ ] [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + - [ ] [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) + +- [ ] **Fortgeschrittene Graphbearbeitung** (Videos) + - [ ] [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [ ] [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) + +- [ ] MIT **Wahrscheinlichkeit** (mathematisch, es wird langsam angegangen, was gut bei Mathe ist) (Videos): + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) + +- [ ] [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) + +- [ ] **String Matching** + - [ ] Rabin-Karp (videos): + - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) + - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) + - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) + - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) + - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) + - [ ] Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): + - [The Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) + - [ ] Boyer–Moore string search algorithm + - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) + - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) + - [ ] [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - fängt großartig an, wird aber nach KMP viel schwieriger als es sein müsste + - gute Erklärung von Tries + - kann übersprungen werden + +- [ ] **Sortierung** + + - [ ] Stanford Vorlesungen über Sortierung: + - [ ] [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - [ ] Steven Skiena Vorlesungen über Sortierung: + - [ ] [Vorlesung beginnt ab 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [ ] [Vorlesung beginnt ab 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [Vorlesung beginnt ab 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [Vorlesung beginnt ab 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + +
+ +## Videoreihen + +Zurücklehnen und genießen. "Netflix and skill" :P + +
+Videoreihen + +- [ ] [Liste einzelnen Dynamische Programmierung Probleme (jedes ist kurz)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + +- [ ] [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) + +- [ ] [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) + +- [ ] [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) + +- [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) + +- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics von Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) + +- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 von Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) + +- [ ] CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) + - [Skiena Vorlesungen vom Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) + +- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) + +- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + +- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) + +- [ ] [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + +- [ ] ~~[UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~ + +- [ ] [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + +- [ ] [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) + +- [ ] [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) + +- [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography von Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) + - [KurswWebseite mit Folien und Problemstellungen](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) + +- [ ] [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) + +- [ ] [Graph Theory von Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) + +
+ +## Informatikkurse + +- [Liste von Online Informatikkursen](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) +- [Liste von Informatikkursen (viele mit Online Vorlesungen)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) + +## Paper (Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichtungen) + +
+Paper (Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichtungen) + +- [Liebst du klassische Paper?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) +- [ ] [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [implementiert in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) +- [ ] [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - ersetzt durch Colossus in 2012 +- [ ] [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - größtenteils ersetzt durch Cloud Dataflow? +- [ ] [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) + - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) +- [ ] [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) +- [ ] [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) + - Das Dynamo Paper hat die NoSQL Revolution ausgelöst. +- [ ] [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) +- [ ] [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) +- [ ] [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) +- [ ] [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) + - Paper nicht verfügbar +- [ ] 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: + - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) +- [ ] 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: + - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) +- [ ] [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) +- [ ] [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +- [ ] [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +- [ ] [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) +- [ ] [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +- [ ] [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) + +
+ +## Lizenz + +[CC-BY-SA-4.0](./LICENSE.txt) diff --git a/translations/README-el.md b/translations/README-el.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a83dbd --- /dev/null +++ b/translations/README-el.md @@ -0,0 +1,652 @@ +#Coding Interview University + +>Επίσημη έκδοση: [Αγγλικά](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/README.md) + +## Τι είναι + +Είναi το πλάνο διαβάσματός μου για να γίνω από web developer (αυτοδίδακτος, χωρίς πτυχίο στην Επιστήμη των Υπολογιστών), μηχανικός λογισμικού για μία μεγάλη εταιρία. + +![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) + +Αυτό το έργο προορίζεται για νέους μηχανικούς λογισμικού ή για αυτούς που μεταβαίνουν από την ανάπτυξη λογισμικού/ιστοσελίδων στην τεχνολογία λογισμικού(εκεί που η γνώση για την επιστήμη των υπολογιστών ειναι προαπαιτούμενο). Αν έχεις αρκετά χρόνια εμπειρίας και αξιώνεις πολλά χρόνια εμπερίας στην τεχνολογία λογισμικού, πρέπει να περιμένεις μία δυσκολότερη συνέντευξη. + +Εάν έχεις αρκετά χρόνια εμπειρίας στην ανάπτυξη λογισμικού/ιστοσελίδων, σημείωσε ότι οι μεγάλες εταιρίες λογισμικού όπως οι Google, Amazon, Facebook και Microsoft βλέπουν την τεχνολογία λογισμικού ως ενα διαφορετικό κομμάτι από την ανάπτυξη λογισμικού/ιστοσελίδων, και απαιτούν γνώσεις πάνω στην επιστήμη υπολογιστών. + +Εάν θέλεις να είσαι ένας αξιόπιστος μηχανικός ή μηχανικός συστημάτων, διάβασε περισσότερο απο την προεραιτική λίστα(δίκτυα, ασφάλεια). + +--- +# Πίνακας περιεχομένων + +- [Τι είναι](#Tι-είναι) +- [Γιατί να το χρησιμοποιήσεις](#Γιατί-να-το-χρησιμοποιήσεις) +- [Πώς να το χρησιμοποιήσεις](#Πώς-να-το-χρησιμοποιήσεις) +- [Μη νιώθεις ανίκανος](#Μη-νιώθεις-ανίκανος) +- [Σχετικά με τα βίντεο](#Σχετικά-με-τα-βίντεο) +- [Διαδικασία Συνέντευξης & Γενική προετοιμασία συνέντευξης](#Διαδικασία-Συνέντευξης--Γενική-προετοιμασία-συνέντευξης) +- [Διάλεξε μία γλώσσα για τη συνέντευξη](#Διάλεξε-μία-γλώσσα-για-τη-συνέντευξη) +- [Λίστα βιβλίων](#Λίστα-βιβλίων) +- [Πριν αρχίσεις](#Πριν-αρχίσεις) +- [Τι δε θα δεις να καλύπτετε](#Τι-δε-θα-δεις-να-καλύπτετε) +- [Προαπαιτούμενη γνώση](#Προαπαιτούμενη-γνώση) +- [Το καθημερινό πλάνο](#Το-καθημερινό-πλάνο) +- [Αλγοριθμική πολυπλοκότητα / Big-O / Ασυμπτωτική ανάλυση](#Αλγοριθμική-πολυπλοκότητα--Big-O--Ασυμπτωτική-ανάλυση) +- [Data Structures](#data-structures) + - [Arrays](#arrays) + - [Linked Lists](#linked-lists) + - [Stack](#stack) + - [Queue](#queue) + - [Hash table](#hash-table) +- [More Knowledge](#more-knowledge) + - [Binary search](#binary-search) + - [Bitwise operations](#bitwise-operations) +- [Trees](#trees) + - [Trees - Notes & Background](#trees---notes--background) + - [Binary search trees: BSTs](#binary-search-trees-bsts) + - [Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) + - balanced search trees (general concept, not details) + - traversals: preorder, inorder, postorder, BFS, DFS +- [Sorting](#sorting) + - selection + - insertion + - heapsort + - quicksort + - merge sort +- [Graphs](#graphs) + - directed + - undirected + - adjacency matrix + - adjacency list + - traversals: BFS, DFS +- [Even More Knowledge](#even-more-knowledge) + - [Recursion](#recursion) + - [Dynamic Programming](#dynamic-programming) + - [Object-Oriented Programming](#object-oriented-programming) + - [Design Patterns](#design-patterns) + - [Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) + - [NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) + - [Caches](#caches) + - [Processes and Threads](#processes-and-threads) + - [Papers](#papers) + - [Testing](#testing) + - [Scheduling](#scheduling) + - [Implement system routines](#implement-system-routines) + - [String searching & manipulations](#string-searching--manipulations) + - [Tries](#tries) + - [Floating Point Numbers](#floating-point-numbers) + - [Unicode](#unicode) + - [Endianness](#endianness) +- [Networking](#networking) +- [System Design, Scalability, Data Handling](#system-design-scalability-data-handling) (if you have 4+ years experience) +- [Final Review](#final-review) +- [Coding Question Practice](#coding-question-practice) +- [Coding exercises/challenges](#coding-exerciseschallenges) +- [Once you're closer to the interview](#once-youre-closer-to-the-interview) +- [Your Resume](#your-resume) +- [Be thinking of for when the interview comes](#be-thinking-of-for-when-the-interview-comes) +- [Have questions for the interviewer](#have-questions-for-the-interviewer) +- [Once You've Got The Job](#once-youve-got-the-job) + +---------------- Everything below this point is optional ---------------- + +- [Additional Books](#additional-books) +- [Additional Learning](#additional-learning) + - [Compilers](#compilers) + - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) + - [Unix command line tools](#unix-command-line-tools) + - [Information theory](#information-theory) + - [Parity & Hamming Code](#parity--hamming-code) + - [Entropy](#entropy) + - [Cryptography](#cryptography) + - [Compression](#compression) + - [Computer Security](#computer-security) + - [Garbage collection](#garbage-collection) + - [Parallel Programming](#parallel-programming) + - [Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems) + - [A*](#a) + - [Fast Fourier Transform](#fast-fourier-transform) + - [Bloom Filter](#bloom-filter) + - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) + - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) + - [van Emde Boas Trees](#van-emde-boas-trees) + - [Augmented Data Structures](#augmented-data-structures) + - [N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees](#n-ary-k-ary-m-ary-trees) + - [Balanced search trees](#balanced-search-trees) + - AVL trees + - Splay trees + - Red/black trees + - 2-3 search trees + - 2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees) + - N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees + - B-Trees + - [k-D Trees](#k-d-trees) + - [Skip lists](#skip-lists) + - [Network Flows](#network-flows) + - [Disjoint Sets & Union Find](#disjoint-sets--union-find) + - [Math for Fast Processing](#math-for-fast-processing) + - [Treap](#treap) + - [Linear Programming](#linear-programming) + - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull) + - [Discrete math](#discrete-math) + - [Machine Learning](#machine-learning) +- [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) +- [Video Series](#video-series) +- [Computer Science Courses](#computer-science-courses) + +--- + +## Γιατί να το χρησιμοποιήσεις + +Όταν άρχισα αυτό το πρότζεκτ, δεν ήξερα τη διαφορά μίας στοίβας από μία ουρά, δεν ήξερα τίποτα σχετικά με τον συμβολισμό Big-Ο, τίποτα σχετικά με τα δέντρα ή πως να διασχίσω ένα δέντρο. Εάν έπρεπε να γράψω σε κώδικα έναν αλγόριθμο ταξινόμησης, μπορώ να σου πω ότι δεν θα ήταν πολύ καλός. Κάθε δομή δεδομένων που είχα χρησιμοποιήσει ήταν πακέτο της γλώσσας, και δεν ήξερα καθόλου πως δούλευαν "κάτω από το καπό". Ποτέ δεν είχα να διαχειριστώ τη μνήμη εκτός εάν μία διεργασία που έτρεχα, μου επέστρεφε ένα σφάλμα του τύπου: "out of memory", και μετά έπρεπε να βρώ μία λύση. Έχω χρησιμοποιήσει μερικούς πολυδιάστατους πίνακες στη ζωή μου και χιλιάδες συναφείς πίνακες, αλλά δεν είχα δημιουργήσει δομές δεδομένων από το 0. + +Είναι ένα μακροπρόθεσμο πλάνο. Μπορεί να σου πάρει μήνες. Εάν είσαι οικείος με πολλά από αυτά ήδη, θα σου πάρει πολύ λιγότερο χρόνο. + +## Πώς να το χρησιμοποιήσεις + +Οτιδήποτε παρακάτω είναι μία συνοπτική περιγραφή, και πρέπει να τα καταλάβεις από την αρχή μέχρι το τέλος. + +Χρησιμοποιώ τη χαρακτηρηστική markdown γλώσσα του Github, σεμπεριλαμβανομένων και των tasks lists για να ελέγχω την εξέλιξη του πρότζεκτ. + +**Δημιούργησε ένα καινούργιο branch [x]** + + + Κάνε fork το branch και ακολούθησε τις παρακάτω εντολές + +`git checkout -b progress` + +`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` + +`git fetch --all` + + Μάρκαρε όλα τα κουτιά με X αφού ολοκληρώσεις τις αλλαγές + +`git add . ` + +`git commit -m "Marked x" ` + +`git rebase jwasham/master ` + +`git push --force ` + +[Περισσότερα σχετικά με την Github-flavored markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) + +## Μη νιώθεις ανίκανος +- Οι επιτυχυμένοι μηχανικοί λογισμικού είναι έξυπνοι, αλλά πολλοί έχουν την ανασφάλεια ότι δεν είναι αρκετά έξυπνοι. +- [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +- [It's Dangerous to Go Alone: Battling the Invisible Monsters in Tech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) + +## Σχετικά με τα βίντεο + +Μερικά βίντεο είναι διαθέσιμα μόνο κάνοντας εγγραφή σε μία Coursera, EdX, or Lynda.com τάξη. Αυτές καλούνται MOOCs. +Μερικές φορές οι τάξεις δεν είναι διαθέσιμες, έτσι πρέπει να περιμένεις 1-2 μήνες, έτσι ώστε να αποκτήσεις πρόσβαση. Τα μαθήματα του Lynada.com δεν είναι δωρεάν. + + Θα εκτιμούσα τη βοήθεια σου να προσθέσεις δωρεάν και πάντοτε-διαθέσιμες ανοικτές πηγές, όπως βίντεο από το Youtube να συνοδεύσουν τα online μαθήματα βίντεο. + Μου αρέσει να χρησιμοποιώ πανεπιστημιακές διαλέξεις. + +## Διαδικασία Συνέντευξης & Γενική προετοιμασία συνέντευξης + +- [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) +- [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) +- [ ] [Αποτελεσματικό Whiteboarding κατά τη διάρκεια των Programming Interviews](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) +- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4: + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) + +- [ ] Μαθήματα προετοιμασίας: + - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): + - Learn how to make yourself ready for software engineer interviews from a former Google interviewer. + - [ ] [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews! (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - A Python centric interview prep course which covers data structures, algorithms, mock interviews and much more. + +## Διάλεξε μία γλώσσα για τη συνέντευξη + +Μπορείς να χρησιμοποιήσεις μία γλώσσα με την οποία είσαι άνετος για να κάνεις το προγραμματιστικό κομμάτι της συνέντευξης, αλλά για τις μεγάλες εταιρίες, υπάρχουν ατόφιες επιλογές: + +- C++ +- Java +- Python + +Μπορείς, επίσης, να χρησιμοποιήσεις αυτές, αλλά διάβασε γύρω από αυτό πρώτα. Μπορεί να υπάρχουν προειδοποιήσεις: + +- Javascript +- Ruby + +Πρέπει να είσαι πολύ εξοικιωμένος με τη γλώσσα και γνώστης. + +Διάβασε περισσότερα σχετικά με τις παραπάνω επιλογές: +- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ +- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ + +[Βρες πόρους για τη γλώσσα εδώ](programming-language-resources.md) + +Θα δείς λίγη γνώση σχετικά με τις C, C++ και Python να περιέχεται παρακάτω, επείδη μαθαίνω. Υπάρχουν μερικά εμπλεκόμενα βιβλία, δες το κάτω μέρος. + +## Λίστα βιβλίων + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) + - απαντήσεις στην C++ και στην Java + - αυτό είναι ένα καλό ζέσταμα για να είσαι άριστος/η στο Coding Interview + - όχι τόσο δύσκολο, τα περισσότερα προβλήματα ίσως είναι ευκολότερα από ότι θα δείς στην συνέντευξη (από αυτά που έχω διαβάσει) +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - απαντήσεις στην Java + +Εάν έχεις αρκετό ελεύθερο χρόνο: + +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + +### Αρχιτεκτονική Υπολογιστών + +Αν έχεις λίγο χρόνο: + +- [ ] [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - Το βιβλίο δημοσιεύτηκε το 2004, και είναι λίγο απαρχεωμένο, αλλά είναι ένας υπέροχος πόρος για να κατανοήσεις έναν υπολογιστή εν συντομία. + - Ο συγγραφέας εφηύρε το HLA, έτσι μην παίρνεις τις αναφορές του και παραδείγματά του για το HLA, τοις μετρητοίς. + - Αυτά τα κεφάλαια αξίζουν το διάβασμα για να σου δώσουν ισχυρά θεμέλια: + - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation + - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations + - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation + - Chapter 5 - Character Representation + - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access + - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects + - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture + - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture + - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization + +Αν έχεις αρκετό χρόνο (Το θέλω αυτό το βιβλίο): + +- [ ] [Computer Architecture, Fifth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/012383872X/) + - Για μία πλουσιότερη, περισσότερο ενημερωμένη (2011), αλλά εκτενέστερη αντιμετώπιση + +### Συγκεκριμένη γλώσσα + +**Θα πρέπει να επιλέξεις μία γλώσσα για τη συνέντευξη (δες παραπάνω).** Εδώ είναι οι προτάσεις μου ανά γλώσσα. Δεν έχω τους πόρους για όλες τις γλώσσες. Καλοδεχούμενες οι προσθήκες. + +Εάν διαβάσεις μία από αυτές, θα πρέπει να έχεις όλη την γνώση σχετικά με δομές δεδομένων και αλγόριθμους που θα χρειαστείς για να αρχίσεις να λύνεις προβλήματα προγραμματισμού. +**Μπορείς να παραλείψεις όλες τα βίντεο-διαλέξεις που περιέχονται σε αυτό το πρότζεκτ**, εκτός εάν θέλεις να κάνεις μία ανασκόπηση. + +[Επιπρόσθετοι πόροι που αφορούν συγκεκριμένες γλώσσες εδώ.](programming-language-resources.md) + +### C++ + +Δεν έχω διαβάσει αυτά τα δύο, αλλά έχουν λάβει υψηλές αξιολογήσεις και έχουν γραφτεί από τον Sedgewick. Είναι φοβερός. + +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) + +Εάν έχεις μία καλύτερη πρόταση για τη C++, παρακαλώ ενημέρωσέ με. Ψάχνοντας για έναν περιεκτικό πόρο. + +### Java + +- [ ] [Αλγόριθμοι σε Java(Sedgewick)](http://www.skroutz.gr/books/142957.%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B9-%CF%83%CE%B5-Java.html) + - Διδάσκεται στο Τμήμα Πληροφορικής του Οικονομικού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών + - βιντεο με το περιεχόμενο του βιβλίου (and Sedgewick!): + - [Algorithms I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=2) + - [Algorithms II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=3&view=50&sort=dd) + +Ή: + +- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) + - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - used as optional text for CS intro course at UC Berkeley + - see my book report on the Python version below. This book covers the same topics. + +### Python + +- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - I loved this book. It covered everything and more. + - Pythonic code + - my glowing book report: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ + + +### Προαιρετικά Βιβλία + +**Ορισμένοι συστήνουν αυτά, αλλά το παρακάνουν, εκτός εάν έχεις πολλά χρόνια εμπειρίας και περιμένεις μία δυσκολότερη συνέντευξη:** + +- [ ] [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - As a review and problem recognition + - The algorithm catalog portion is well beyond the scope of difficulty you'll get in an interview. + - This book has 2 parts: + - class textbook on data structures and algorithms + - pros: + - is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be + - nice stories from his experiences solving problems in industry and academia + - code examples in C + - cons: + - can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects + - chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have + - don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material. + - algorithm catalog: + - this is the real reason you buy this book. + - about to get to this part. Will update here once I've made my way through it. + - Can rent it on kindle + - Half.com is a great resource for textbooks at good prices. + - Answers: + - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) + +- [ ] [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) + - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently. + - Half.com is a great resource for textbooks at good prices. + - aka CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game + +- [ ] [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + - The first couple of chapters present clever solutions to programming problems (some very old using data tape) but + that is just an intro. This a guidebook on program design and architecture, much like Code Complete, but much shorter. + +- ~~"Algorithms and Programming: Problems and Solutions" by Shen~~ + - A fine book, but after working through problems on several pages I got frustrated with the Pascal, do while loops, 1-indexed arrays, and unclear post-condition satisfaction results. + - Would rather spend time on coding problems from another book or online coding problems. + +## Πριν αρχίσεις + +Αυτή η λίστα αυξήθηκε με την περίοδο πολλών μηνών, και ναι, βρίσκεται εκτός ελέγχου. + +Εδώ βρίσκονται κάποια λάθη που έκανα για να έχεις μία καλύτερη εμπειρία. + +### 1. Δε θα το θυμάσαι καθόλου + +Είδα αρκετές ώρες βίντεο και πήρα άφθονες σημειώσεις, κα μήνες μετά υπήρχαν πολλά τα οποία δεν θυμόμουν. Ξόδεψα 3 μέρες εξετάζοντας λεπτομερώς τις σημειώσεις μου και έκανα καρτέλες για να μπορούσα να τις αξιολογήσω. + +Σε παρακαλώ διάβασε τα για να μην κανεις τα ίδια λάθη με τα δικά μου: + +[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) + +### 2. Χρησιμοποιήσε κάρτες σημειώσεων + +Να λύνεις το πρόβλημα, Εγώ έκανα μία μικρή ιστοσελίδα με κάρτες σημειώσεων 2 τύπων: γενικές και κώδικα. Κάθε μία κάρτα έχει διαφορετικό φορμάτ. + +Έκανα ένα mobile-first website για να μπορούσα να τις αξιολογήσω στο κινητό μου και στο tablet μου, όπου κι αν είμαι. + +Φτιάξε το δικό σου δωρεάν: + +- [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) +- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): +- [My flash cards database (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): + +Θυμήσου ότι ξεπέρασα τα όρια και είχα κάρτες που κάλυπταν τα πάντα, από assembly και Python trivia έως και μηχανική μάθηση και στατιστική. Ήταν κάπως υπερβολικό από αυτό που χρειαζόταν. + +**Σημείωσε στα flashcards:** Τον πρώτο καιρό θα αναγνωρίζεις ότι γνωρίζεις την απάντηση, μην την μαρκάρεις ως γνωστή. Έχεις να δεις την ίδια κάρτα και να την απαντήσεις αρκετές φορές σωστά πριν την κατανοήσεις πλήρως. Η επανάληψις είναι μήτηρ πάσης μαθήσεως!-Πλάτωνας. + +Η εναλλακτική είναι να χρησιμοποιήσεις το δικό μου flashcard site: [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), το οποίο έχει προταθεί σε εμένα αρκετές φορές. Χρησιμοποιεί ένα επαναληπτικό σύστημα για να σε βοηθήσει να θυμηθείς. +Είναι φιλικό προς τον χρήστη, διαθέσιμο σε όλες τις πλατφόρμες και διαθέτει συγχρονισμό με το cloud. Κοστίζει 25$ για iOS αλλά είναι δωρεάν στις άλλες πλατφόρμες. + +Η flashcard βάση δεδομένων μου σε φορμάτ Anki: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) + +### 3. Αναθεώρησε, αναθεώρησε, αναθεώρησε + +Διατηρώ το σετ μου απο σκονάκια σε ASCII, στοίβα OSI, σχηματισμούς Big-O, και άλλα. Τα μελετώ όταν έχω λίγο χρόνο. + +Κάνε ένα διάλειμμα από τα προβλήματα προγραμματισμού για μισή ώρα και δούλεψε με τα flashcards. + +### 4. Συγκεντρώσου + +Υπάρχουν πολλοί αντιπερισπασμοί που μπορούν να κοστίσουν πολύτιμο χρόνο. Η συγκέντρωση είναι ένα αρκετά δύσκολο κομμάτι. + +## Τι δε θα δεις να καλύπτετε + +Υπάρχουν επικρατέστερες τεχνολογίες αλλά δεν είναι κομμάτι αυτού του πλάνου διαβάσματος: + +- SQL +- Javascript +- HTML, CSS, και άλλες front-end τεχνολογίες + +## Το καθημερινό πλάνο + +Μερικά θέματα παίρνουν μία ολόκληρη μέρα, και μερικά θα κοστίσουν μερικές μέρες. Μερικά είναι μόνο γνώση χωρίς να χρειαστεί να υλοποιήσεις οτιδήποτε. + +Κάθε μέρα παίρνω ένα θέμα από την παρακάτω λίστα, βλέπω βίντεο για το συγκεκριμένο θέμα, και γρράφω μία υλοποίηση σε: +- C - χρησιμοποιώντας structs και functions που παίρνουν struct * και κάτι άλλο σαν ορίσματα. +- C++ - χωρίς να χρησιμοποιώ built-in τύπους +- C++ - χρησιμοποιώντας built-in τύπους, όπως τα std::list της STL για μία συνδεδεμένη λίστα +- Python - χρησιμοποιώντας built-in τύπους (για να εξασκούμε στην Python) +- και γράφω tests για να σιγουρευτώ ότι το κάνω καλά, μερικές φορές χρησιμοποιώντας μόνο assert() δηλώσεις +- Μπορεί να κάνεις Java ή κάτι άλλο, αυτό είναι μόνο αυτό που κάνω. + +Δεν χρειάζεσαι όλα αυτά. Χρειάζεσαι μόνο [μία γλώσσα για τη συνέντευξη](#Διάλεξε-μία-γλώσσα-για-τη-συνέντευξη). + +Γιατί γράφω κώδικα σε όλα αυτά; +- Εξάσκηση, εξάσκηση, εξάσκηση, μέχρι να γίνω άρρωστος από αυτό, και να μπορώ να το κάνω χωρίς κανένα πρόβλημα (μερικά έχουν πολλές ακραίες περιπτώσεις και και τήρηση των λεπτομερειών του βιβλίου να θυμηθείς) +- Δουλέυω με τα εμπόδια (allocating/freeing memory χωρίς την βοήθεια του garbage collection (εκτός της Python)) +- Κάνω χρήση των built-in τύπων έτσι έχω λίγη εμπειρία στη χρήση built-in εργαλείων για χρήση στον πραγματικό κόσμο (δεν πάω να γράψω τη δικιά μου υλοποίηση για τη συνδεδεμένη λίστα στην παραγωγή) + +Μπορεί να μην έχω χρόνο να τα κάνω αυτά για όλα τα θέματα, αλλά θα προσπαθήσω. + +Μπορείς να δεις τον κώδικα μου εδώ: + - [C] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + +Δε χρειάζεται να απομνημονεύσεις κάθε κομμάτι ενός αλγόριθμου. + +Γράψε κώδικα σε ένα πίνακα ή σε ένα χαρτί, όχι σε υπολογιστή. Τέσταρε τον με μερικές απλές εισόδους. Μετά τέσταρε τον και σε έναν υπολογιστή. + +## Προαπαιτούμενη γνώση + +- [ ] **Μάθε C** (καλή τύχη με αυτό... :disappointed: ) + - Η C είναι παντού. Θα δείς παραδείγματα σε βιβλία, διαλέξεις, βίντεο, *ΠΑΝΤΟΥ* όσο θα διαβάζεις. + - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - Είναι ένα σύντομο βιβλίο, αλλά θα σου δώσει ένα χεράκι στην γλώσσα C και εάν την εξασκείς λίγο + θα την καταλάβεις γρήγορα. Το να καταλάβεις τη C θα σε βοηθήσει να καταλάβεις πως δουλεύουν τα προγράμματα και η μνήμη. + - [απαντήσεις και ερωτήσεις από έναν Έλληνα](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) + +- [ ] **How computers process a program:** + - [ ] [How does CPU execute program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) + - [ ] [Machine Code Instructions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2XQgpbTNE) + +## Αλγοριθμική πολυπλοκότητα / Big-O / Ασυμπτωτική ανάλυση +- τίποτα προς υλοποίηση +- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] Skiena: + - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [slides](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) +- [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) +- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/59) +- [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/61) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://youtu.be/VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://youtu.be/ca3e7UVmeUc) +- [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/63) +- [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) +- [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) + + + Εάν μερικές διαλέξεις είναι πολύ μαθηματικές, μπορείς να μεταβείς προς τα κάτω και να παρακολουθήσεις μερικά βίντεο σχετικά με τα διακριτά μαθηματικά για να πάρεις όλες τις γνώσεις που απαιτούνται. + +## Δομές Δεδομένων + +- ### Πίνακες + - Υλοποίησε μία λίστα, η οποία αλλάζει αυτόματα μέγεθος. + - [ ] Περιγραφή: + - [Πίνακες(EN) (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) + - [UCBerkley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://youtu.be/Wp8oiO_CZZE?t=15m32s) + - [Basic Arrays (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Basic-arrays/149042/177104-4.html) + - [Multi-dim (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Multidimensional-arrays/149042/177105-4.html) + - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) + - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Jagged-arrays/149042/177106-4.html) + - [Resizing arrays (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Resizable-arrays/149042/177108-4.html) + - [ ] Υλοποίησε μία συλλογή (ευμετάβλητο πίνακα με αυτόματη αλλαγή μεγέθους): + - [ ] Κάνε πρακτική σε κώδικα χρησιμοποιώντας πίνακες και δείκτες, και pointer math για να πας σε ένα δείκτη από το να χρησιμοποιήσεις ευρετηρίαση. + - [ ] new raw data array with allocated memory + - can allocate int array under the hood, just not use its features + - start with 16, or if starting number is greater, use power of 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 + - [ ] size() - αριθμός των στοιχείων + - [ ] capacity() - αριθμός στοιχείων που μπορεί να περιέχει + - [ ] is_empty() + - [ ] at(index) - επιστρέφει που υπάρχει στη θέση index, *εκρύγνειται* αν ο δείκτης είναι εκτός συνόρων του πίνακα + - [ ] push(item) + - [ ] insert(index, item) - εισάγει ένα σημείο στη θέση index, μετακινεί την τιμή του index και σύρει όλα τα στοιχεία στα δεξιά + - [ ] prepend(item) - εισάγει το αντικείμενο στην αρχή της συλλογής(insert(0,item)) + - [ ] pop() - αφαιρεί από το τέλος, επιστρέφει την τιμή + - [ ] delete(index) - διγράφη το στοιχείο στη θέση index, σύρει όλα τα στοιχεία στα αριστερά + - [ ] remove(item) - ψάχνει για την τιμή και διαγράφει το δείκτη που την έχει (ακόμα και αν είναι σε περισσότερες από 1 θέσεις) + - [ ] find(item) - ψάχνει για την τιμή και επιστρέφει τον πρώτο δείκτη με αυτή την τιμή, -1 έαν δε βρεθεί + - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private function + - όταν φτάνεις στη χωρητικώτητα, άλλαξε το μέγεθος του πίνακα κατά το διπλάσιο + - όταν αφαιρείς ένα στοιχείο, εάν το μέγεθος είναι 1/4 της χωρητικότητας, άλλαξε το μέγεθος κατά το μισό + - [ ] Χρόνος + - O(1) για πρόσθεση/αφαίρεση στο τέλος (απελευθέρωση των δεσμευμένων θέσεων για περισσότερο χώρο) + - O(n) για πρόσθεση/αφαίρεση αλλού + - [ ] Χώρος + - συνεχόμενος στη μνήμη, έτσι η μικρή απόσταση βοηθάει στην απόδοση + - απαιτούμενος χώρος = (χωρητικότητα πίνακα, η οποία είναι >= n) * μέγεθος του στοιχείου, αλλά ακόμα και αν είναι 2n => O(n) + +- ### Συνδεδεμένες λίστες + - [ ] Περιγραφή: + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) + - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) + - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation. + - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) + - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) + - [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [ ] Gotcha: you need pointer to pointer knowledge: + (for when you pass a pointer to a function that may change the address where that pointer points) + This page is just to get a grasp on ptr to ptr. I don't recommend this list traversal style. Readability and maintainability suffer due to cleverness. + - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) + - [ ] υλοποίηση (Το έκανα με δείκτη ουράς και χωρίς): + + # untill here + + - [ ] size() - returns number of data elements in list + - [ ] empty() - bool returns true if empty + - [ ] value_at(index) - returns the value of the nth item (starting at 0 for first) + - [ ] push_front(value) - adds an item to the front of the list + - [ ] pop_front() - remove front item and return its value + - [ ] push_back(value) - adds an item at the end + - [ ] pop_back() - removes end item and returns its value + - [ ] front() - get value of front item + - [ ] back() - get value of end item + - [ ] insert(index, value) - insert value at index, so current item at that index is pointed to by new item at index + - [ ] erase(index) - removes node at given index + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - returns the value of the node at nth position from the end of the list + - [ ] reverse() - reverses the list + - [ ] remove_value(value) - removes the first item in the list with this value + - [ ] Doubly-linked List + - [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) + - No need to implement + +- ### Stack + - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [Using Stacks Last-In First-Out (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-stacks-last-first-out/149042/177120-4.html) + - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. + +- ### Queue + - [ ] [Using Queues First-In First-Out(video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-queues-first-first-out/149042/177122-4.html) + - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) + - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [Priority Queues (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Priority-queues-deques/149042/177123-4.html) + - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: + - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail + - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) + - empty() + - [ ] Implement using fixed-sized array: + - enqueue(value) - adds item at end of available storage + - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element + - empty() + - full() + - [ ] Cost: + - a bad implementation using linked list where you enqueue at head and dequeue at tail would be O(n) + because you'd need the next to last element, causing a full traversal each dequeue + - enqueue: O(1) (amortized, linked list and array [probing]) + - dequeue: O(1) (linked list and array) + - empty: O(1) (linked list and array) + +- ### Hash table + - [ ] Videos: + - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + + - [ ] Online Courses: + - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Understanding-hash-functions/149042/177126-4.html) + - [ ] [Using Hash Tables (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-hash-tables/149042/177127-4.html) + - [ ] [Supporting Hashing (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Supporting-hashing/149042/177128-4.html) + - [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Language-support-hash-tables/149042/177129-4.html) + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) + - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) + - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) + - [ ] distributed hash tables: + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) + - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) + + - [ ] implement with array using linear probing + - hash(k, m) - m is size of hash table + - add(key, value) - if key already exists, update value + - exists(key) + - get(key) + - remove(key) + +## More Knowledge + +- ### Binary search + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] Implement: + - binary search (on sorted array of integers) + - binary search using recursion + +- ### Bitwise operations + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << + - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) + - [ ] Good intro: + [Bit Manipulation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) + - [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) + - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) + - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) + - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] 2s and 1s complement + - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) + - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) + - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) + - [ ] count set bits + - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) + - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) + - [ ] round to next power of 2: + - [Round Up To Next Power Of Two](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/roundUpToNextPowerOfTwo.html) + - [ ] swap values: + - [Swap](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + - [ ] absolute value: + - [Absolute Integer](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) + +## Trees + +- ### Trees - Notes & Background + - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) + - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) + - basic tree construction + - traversal + - manipulation algorithms + - BFS (breadth-first search) + - [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - level order (BFS, using queue) + time complexity: O(n) + space complexity: best: O(1), worst: O(n/2)=O(n) + - DFS (depth-first search) + - [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) + - notes: + time complexity: O(n) + space complexity: + best: O(log n) - avg. height of tree + worst: O(n) + - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) + - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) + - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translations/README-es.md b/translations/README-es.md index f84576d..01e0bc7 100644 --- a/translations/README-es.md +++ b/translations/README-es.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Coding Interview University -- Versión original: [Inglés](README.md) +- Versión original: [Inglés](../README.md) > Originalmente creé esto como una lista corta de tópicos a estudiar para volverse un Ingeniero de Software, pero creció hasta ser la gran lista puede apreciar actualmente. Después de pasar por este plan de estudios ¡[fui contratado como Ingeniero de Desarrollo de Software en Amazon!(Art. Inglés)](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu) @@ -11,34 +11,99 @@ > > *¡La mejor de las suertes!* -Traducciones: +
+Traducciones: + - [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) - [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md) -- translations in progress: - - [Español](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/80) - - [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) - - [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) - - [Bahasa Indonesia](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) - - [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) - - [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) - - [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) - - [Russian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) - - [Ukrainian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) - - [Brazilian Portuguese](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/113) - - [Korean](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) - - [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) - - [Polish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/122) - - [German](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/135) - - [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) - - [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) - - [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) - - [Italian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) +- [Português Brasileiro](translations/README-ptbr.md) +- [Polish](translations/README-pl.md) +- [繁體中文](translations/README-tw.md) +- [Japanese (日本語)](translations/README-ja.md) +- [Russian](translations/README-ru.md) +- [German](translations/README-de.md) +- [Bahasa Indonesia](translations/README-id.md) +- [ខ្មែរ - Khmer](translations/README-kh.md) + +
+ +
+Traducciones en progreso: + +- [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +- [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) +- [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) +- [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) +- [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) +- [Ukrainian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) +- [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) +- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/519) +- [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +- [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) +- [Italian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) +- [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) + +
+ +
+
+

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## ¿Qué es esto? Este es mi plan de estudios de varios meses para pasar de ser un Desarrollador Web (Autodidacta, sin título) a un Ingeniero de Software para una gran compañía. -![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) +![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) Esto es para los **nuevos Ingenieros de Software** o aquellos que quieren cambiar del Desarrollo de Software/Web a Ingeniero de Software (Donde el conocimiento de las Ciencias de Computación es requerido). Si tiene varios años de experiencia y clama tenerlos como Ingeniero de Software, espere una entrevista más ardua. @@ -172,7 +237,7 @@ Si desea ser un Ingeniero de Escalabilidad/Seguridad o un Ingeniero de Sistemas, Cuando comencé este proyecto, no sabía la diferencia entre un stack y un heap, no conocía la notación Big-O, nada acerca de árboles, ni cómo sacar la transversal de una gráfica. Si tenía que programar un algoritmo de clasificación, puedo decir que no hubiera sido muy bueno. Cada estructura de datos que había utilizado estaba incorporada al lenguaje, y yo no sabía cómo funcionaban realmente. Yo nunca tuve que manejar la memoria a menos que un proceso que yo estaba corriendo diera un error de “out of memory”, y tenía que encontrar una alternativa. He usado pocos arreglos de varias dimensiones en mi vida y miles de arreglos asociativos, pero nunca he creado estructuras de datos desde cero. -Pero después de pasar por todo este plan de estudios tengo mucha confianza de que seré contratado. Me toará meses. Si mucho de esto te resulta familiar entonces te tomará mucho menos tiempo. +Pero después de pasar por todo este plan de estudios tengo mucha confianza de que seré contratado. Me tomará meses. Si mucho de esto te resulta familiar entonces te tomará mucho menos tiempo. Es un plan largo, puede tome unos meses; pero si le resulta familiar mucho de esto le tomara mucho menos tiempo. @@ -199,7 +264,7 @@ Estoy usando el tema especial de markdown de Github, incluyendo listas de tareas `git commit -m "Marked x" ` -`git rebase jwasham/master ` +`git rebase jwasham/main ` `git push --force ` @@ -406,8 +471,8 @@ Hice un sitio adaptado a moviles para revisarlo en mi celular y en mi Tablet, do Haga el suyo gratis: - [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): -- [My flash cards database (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): +- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [My flash cards database (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): Tenga en cuenta que empecé desde abajo y hay tarjetas que cubren todo, desde el lenguaje ensamblador y la trivia Python al Machine Learning y estadísticas. Es demasiado para lo que se requiere. @@ -415,7 +480,7 @@ Tenga en cuenta que empecé desde abajo y hay tarjetas que cubren todo, desde el Una alternativa a usar mi sitio de tarjetas es [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), que me ha sido recomendado muchas veces. Usa un sistema de repetición para ayudarle a recordar. Es amigable con el usuario y disponible para todas las plataformas y tiene un sistema de sincronización en la nube. Cuesta $25 en iOS pero es gratuito en las otras plataformas. -Mis tarjetas en ek formato de Anki: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (Gracias[@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) +Mis tarjetas en el formato de Anki: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (Gracias[@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) ### 3. Revise, revise, revise @@ -636,7 +701,7 @@ Escriba código en un pizarrón o en papel no en la computadora. Pruebe con algu - Búsqueda binaria usando recursión - ### Operaciones bit a bit - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - Debería conocer varias de las potencias de 2 a partir de (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - Debería conocer varias de las potencias de 2 a partir de (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) - [ ] Obtenga un buen entendimiento de la manipulación de bits con: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - [ ] Buena introducción: @@ -664,7 +729,6 @@ Escriba código en un pizarrón o en papel no en la computadora. Pruebe con algu ## Árboles - ### Árboles - Notas & Antecedentes - - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) - Construcción básica de árboles - Recorrido @@ -887,7 +951,7 @@ Obtendrá más práctica de grafos en el libro de Skiena (vea Sección de libros - Cuando es apropiado usarlo - ¿Cómo es la recursión de cola mejor que no? - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) - ### Programación Dinámica - Este tema puede ser bastante difícil, ya que cada problema soluble PD debe definirse como una relación de recursión, y llegar a ella puede ser complicado. @@ -1255,7 +1319,7 @@ Obtendrá más práctica de grafos en el libro de Skiena (vea Sección de libros - [ ] Practicando el proceso de diseño del sistema: Aquí hay algunas ideas para tratar de trabajar en papel, cada una con cierta documentación sobre cómo se manejó en el mundo real: - Revisión: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - Flujo: 1. Comprender el problema y el alcance: - Definir los casos de uso, con ayuda del entrevistador @@ -1382,7 +1446,7 @@ Sitios de desafíos: - [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) - [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) - [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) - [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) Repos de desafíos: @@ -1568,7 +1632,6 @@ Es probable que estos temas no aparezcan en una entrevista, pero los añadí par - [ ] [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - ### Recolección de basura - - [ ] [Garbage collection (Java); Augmenting data str (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) - [ ] [Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) @@ -1862,7 +1925,7 @@ Siéntese y disfrute. "Netflix and skill" :P - [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) +- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) - [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) @@ -1903,7 +1966,7 @@ Siéntese y disfrute. "Netflix and skill" :P - [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=9D558D49CA734A02) +- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) - [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) diff --git a/translations/README-fa.md b/translations/README-fa.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6cb575e --- /dev/null +++ b/translations/README-fa.md @@ -0,0 +1,1999 @@ + +# دانشنامه مصاحبه برنامه نویسی + +> من در ابتدا این لیست رو به عنوان یک لیست کوتاه از مجموعه موضوعات پژوهشی برای تبدیل شدن به یک مهندس نرم افزار ایجاد کردم، اما به فهرست بلند و بالایی که امروز میبینید تبدیل شد. +> بعد از طی کردن این طرح, [به عوان مهندس توسعه نرم افزار در آمازون استخدام شدم](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! +> احتمالاً مجبور نخواهید بود به آن اندازه که من مطالطه کردم مطالعه کنید. به هر حال هر چیزی که نیاز داشته باشید در اینجا ذکر شده +> +> من بین 8 تا 10 ساعت در روز، برای چندین ماه مطالعه کردم. داستان از این قرار است: [چرا 8 ماه تمام وقت برای مصاحبه گوگل مطالعه کردم](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) +> +> **لطفاً توجه داشته باشید:** لازم نیست به اندازه من مطالعه کنید. من زمان زیادی رو برای دانستن چیزهایی که نیازی به دانستن آنها نداشتم تلف کردم. که بیشتر در پایین توضیح میدهم. من به شما کمک میکنم که بدون اتلاف وقت گرانبهای خود به هدف خود برسید. +> +> موارد ذکر شده در اینجا شما را برای یک مصاحبه فنی، تقریباً در هر شرکت نرم افزاری به خوبی آماده می کند, +> از جمله غول ها: آمازون، فیس بوک، گوگل و مایکروسافت +> +> *با آرزوی موفقیت* + +
+ترجمه ها: + +- [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) +- [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md) +- [Español](translations/README-es.md) +- [Português Brasileiro](translations/README-ptbr.md) +- [Polish](translations/README-pl.md) +- [繁體中文](translations/README-tw.md) +- [Japanese (日本語)](translations/README-ja.md) +- [Russian](translations/README-ru.md) +- [German](translations/README-de.md) +- [Bahasa Indonesia](translations/README-id.md) +- [ខ្មែរ - Khmer](translations/README-kh.md) +- [Uzbek](translations/README-uz.md) + +
+ +
+در حال ترجمه: + +- [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +- [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) +- [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) +- [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) +- [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) +- [Українська](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) +- [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) +- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/519) +- [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +- [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) +- [Italian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) +- [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) + +
+ +
+
+

+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

+

+ Special thanks to: +

+

+ +

+ Simplify +
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+ +

+
+
+ +## این چیه؟ + +![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) + +این برنامه پژوهشی چند ماهه من جهت تبدیل شدن به یک مهندس نرم افزار برای یک شرکت بزرگ است. + +**مهارت های ضروری:** +* کمی تجربه کد نویسی (متغیر ها, حلقه ها, متدها/توابع, و...) +* صبر و حوصله +* زمان + +
+توجه داشته باشید که این یک برنامه مطالعاتی برای **مهندسی نرم افزار** است، نه توسعه وب. شرکت های بزرگ نرم افزاری مانند گوگل، آمازون، +فیس بوک و مایکروسافت مهندسی نرم افزار را متفاوت از توسعه وب می دانند. برای مثال در آمازون مهندسین فرانت اند (FEE) و مهندسان توسعه نرم افزار (SDE) وجود دارند. این دو تا نقش های جداگانه هستند و مصاحبه برای آنها یکسان نخواهد بود، زیرا هر کدام شایستگی های خاص خود را دارند. این شرکت ها برای نقش های توسعه نرم افزار/مهندسی نیاز به دانش علوم کامپیوتر دارند. +
+--- + +## فهرست مطالب + +### برنامه مطالعه + +- [این چیه؟](#این-چیه) +- [چرا ازش استفاده کنیم؟](#چرا-ازش-استفاده-کنیم) +- [نحوه استفاده](#نحوه-استفاده) +- [احساس نکنید که به اندازه کافی باهوش نیستید](#احساس-نکنید-که-به-اندازه-کافی-باهوش-نیستید) +- [نکته ای درباره منابع ویدئویی](#نکته-ای-درباره-منابع-ویدیویی) +- [یک زبان برنامه نویسی انتخاب کنید](#یک-زبان-برنامه-نویسی-انتخاب-کنید) +- [کتاب های مربوط به ساختمان داده و الگوریتم](#کتاب-های-مربوط-به-ساختمان-داده-و-الگوریتم) +- [کتاب های آمادگی مصاحبه](#کتاب-های-آمادگی-مصاحبه) +- [اشتباهات من را تکرار نکنید](#اشتباهات-من-را-تکرار-نکنید) +- [به چه چیزهایی پرداخته نشده](#به-چه-چیزهایی-پرداخته-نشده) +- [برنامه روزانه](#برنامه-روزانه) +- [تمرین مصاحبه کدنویسی](#تمیرن-مصاحبه-کدنویسی) +- [مسائل کدنویسی](#مسائل-کدنویسی) + +### موضوعات مطالعه + +- [پیچیدگی الگوریتمی / Big-O / تحلیل مجانبی](#پیچیدگی-الگوریتمی--big-o--تحلیل-مجانبی) +- [ساختمان داده](#ساختمان-داده) + - [آرایه ها](#آرایه-ها) + - [لیست پیوندی](#لیست-پیوندی) + - [پشته](#پشته) + - [صف](#صف) + - [جدول هش](#جدول-هش) +- [موارد بیشتر](#موارد-بیشتر) + - [جستجوی باینری](#جستجوی-باینری) + - [Bitwise operations](#bitwise-operations) +- [درخت ها](#درخت-ها) + - [درخت ها - یادداشت ها و پس زمینه](#درختها---یادداشت-ها-و-پس-زمینه) + - [درخت جستجوی دودویی: BSTs](#درخت-جستوجوی-دودویی-bsts) + - [Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) + - درخت جستجوی متعادل (مفهوم کلی، نه جزئیات) + - پیمایش: پیش‌سفارش، سفارش، پس‌سفارش، BFS، DFS +- [مرتب سازی](#مرتب-سازی) + - انتخاب (selection) + - درج (insertion) + - heapsort + - مرتب سازی سریع (quicksort) + - مرتب سازی ادغام (merge sort) +- [گراف](#گراف) + - جهت دار (directed) + - بدون جهت (undirected) + - ماتریس مجاورت (adjacency matrix) + - لیست مجاورت (adjacency list + - traversals: BFS, DFS) +- [موارد حتی بیشتر](#موارد-حتی-بیشتر) + - [بازگشت](#بازگشت) + - [برنامه نویسی پویا](#برنامه-نویسی-پویا) + - [الگوهای-طراحی](#الگوهای-طراحی) + - [Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) + - [NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) + - [چگونه کامپیوتر یک برنامه را پردازش می کنند](#چگونه-کامپیوتر-یک-برنامه-را-پردازش-میکند) + - [حافظه نهان](#حافطه-نهان) + - [پردازش و نخ](#پردازش-و-نخ) + - [تست](#تست) + - [جستجو و دستکاری رشته](#جستجو-و-دستکاری-رشته) + - [Tries](#tries) + - [اعداد اعشاری](#اعداد-اعشاری) + - [یونیکد](#یونیکد) + - [Endianness](#endianness) + - [شبکه](#شبکه) +- [بررسی نهایی](#بررسی-نهایی) + +### گرفتن شغل + +- [رزومه خود را به روز کنید](#رزومه-خود-را-به-روز-کنید) +- [یک شغل پیدا کنید](#یک-شعل-پیدا-کنید) +- [فرآیند مصاحبه و آمادگی مصاحبه عمومی](#فرآیند-مصاحبه-و-آمادگی-مصاحبه-عمومی) +- [به فکر زمان مصاحبه باشید](#به-فکر-زمان-مصاحبه-باشید) +- [سوالاتی برای مصاحبه کننده آماده کنید](#سوالاتی-برای-مصاحبه-کننده-آماده-کنید) +- [وقتی شغل مورد نظر رو به دست آوردید](#وقتی-شغل-مورد-نظر-رو-به-دست-آوردید) + +**---------------- یادگیری موارد زیر احتیاری است ----------------** + +### موضوعات و منابع اضافی اختیاری + +- [کتاب های اضافی](#کتاب-های-اضافی) +- [طراحی سیستم، مقیاس پذیری، مدیریت داده ها](#طراحی-سیستم-مقیاس-پذیری-مدیریت-داده-ها) (اگر بیش از 4 سال تجربه دارید) +- [یادگیری بیشتر](#additional-learning) + - [کامپایلرها](#کامپایلرها) + - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) + - [Unix command line tools](#unix-command-line-tools) + - [نظریه اطلاعات](#نظریه-اطلاعات) + - [Parity & Hamming Code](#parity--hamming-code-videos) + - [Entropy](#entropy) + - [رمزنگاری](#رمزنگاری) + - [فشرده سازی](#فشرده-سازی) + - [Computer Security](#computer-security) + - [Garbage collection](#garbage-collection) + - [برنامه نویسی موازی](#برنامه-نویسی-موازی) + - [Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems) + - [A*](#a) + - [Fast Fourier Transform](#fast-fourier-transform) + - [Bloom Filter](#bloom-filter) + - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) + - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) + - [van Emde Boas Trees](#van-emde-boas-trees) + - [Augmented Data Structures](#augmented-data-structures) + - [Balanced search trees](#balanced-search-trees) + - AVL trees + - Splay trees + - Red/black trees + - 2-3 search trees + - 2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees) + - N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees + - B-Trees + - [k-D Trees](#k-d-trees) + - [Skip lists](#skip-lists) + - [Network Flows](#network-flows) + - [Disjoint Sets & Union Find](#disjoint-sets--union-find) + - [ریاضی برای پردازش سریع](#ریاضی-برای-پردازش-سریع) + - [Treap](#treap) + - [برنامه نویسی خطی](#برنامه-نویسی-خطی) + - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull-videos) + - [ریاضی گسسته](#ریاضی-گسسته) + - [یادگیری ماشین](#یادگیری-ماشین) +- [جزئیات بیشتر در مورد برخی از موضوعات](#جزئیات-بیشتر-در-مورد-برخی-از-موضوعات) +- [مجموعه ویدیویی](#مجموعه-ویدیویی) +- [دوره های علوم کامپیوتر](#دوره-های-علوم-کامپیوتر) +- [مقالات](#papers) + +--- + +## چرا ازش استفاده کنیم؟ + +اگر می خواهید به عنوان مهندس نرم افزار برای یک شرکت بزرگ کار کنید، اینها چیزهایی هستند که باید بدانید. + +اگر مانند من موفق به دریافت مدرک در رشته علوم کامپیوتر نشدید، این لیست شما رو در میابد و 4 سال از زندگی شما رو حفظ میکند + +وقتی این پروژه را شروع کردم فرق بین پشته و هیپ رو نمیدانستم، یا چیزی درمورد پیچیدگی زمانی و درخت ها نمیدانستم , و یا اینکه چگونه یک گراف رو پیمایش کنم. اگر مجبور بودم یک الگوریتم مرتب‌سازی را کدنویسی کنم، می‌توانم به شما بگویم که وحشتناک بود. +هر ساختار داده ای که استفاده میکردم از انواع تعریف شده در زبان برنامه نویسی بود و اصلا از پشت صحنه هیچ خبری نداشتم. من هرگز مجبور نبودم حافظه را مدیریت کنم، مگر اینکه فرآیندی که در حال اجرا بودم،خطای حافظه را نشان دهد, و سپس به فکر این می افتادم که باید یک راه حل پیدا کنم. من تنها قادر بودم از آرایه های چند بعدی استفاده کنم و هرگز یک ساختار داده رو از ابتدا ایجاد نکرده بودم + +این یک برنامه طولانی است. ممکن است ماه ها طول بکشد. اگر قبلاً با بسیاری از این موارد آشنا هستید، زمان بسیار کمتری از شما خواهد گرفت. + +## نحوه استفاده + + موارد را به ترتیب از بالا به پایین بررسی کنید. + +من از قابلیت های مارک داون گیتهاب ار جمله قابلیت لیست وظایف برای پیگیری پیشرفت مطالعات استفاده کردم +
+**یک برنچ جدید برای تیک زدن مواردی که به اتمام رسانده اید ایجاد کنید، برای این کار فقط یک x داخل براکت قرار دهید : [x]** +
+ + Fork a branch and follow the commands below + +این ریپو رو فورک کنید https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university + +و سپس کلون کنید: + + git clone git@github.com:/coding-interview-university.git + git checkout -b progress + git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university + git fetch --all + +
+تمام باکس هایی که به اتمام رسانیده اید را با X علامت بزنید: +
+ + git add . + git commit -m "Marked x" + git rebase jwasham/main + git push --set-upstream origin progress + git push --force + +[More about GitHub-flavored markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) + +## احساس نکنید که به اندازه کافی باهوش نیستید + +- مهندسان نرم افزار موفق باهوش هستند، اما بسیاری از آنها این حس ناامنی را دارند که به اندازه کافی باهوش نیستند. +- [افسانه برنامه نویس نابغه](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +- [تنها رفتن خطرناک است: مبارزه با هیولاهای نامرئی در فناوری](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) + +## نکته ای درباره منابع ویدئویی + +
+برخی از ویدیوها فقط با ثبت نام در کلاس Coursera یا EdX در دسترس هستند. که بهشون دوره های گسترده باز (MOOC) میگویند. +بعضی مواقع کلاس ها در باز های زمانی خاصی دایر میشوند، بنابراین باید چند ماه برای شرکت در این کلاس ها صبر کنید + +خیلی عالی میشه که دوره های آنلاین اینچنینی با منابع رایگان و همیشه در دسترس جایگزین بشه, +مانند ویدیوهای یوتیوب (ترجیحاً سخنرانی های دانشگاه)، تا اینکه بتوانید هر زمان که خواستید مطالعه کنید, +نه فقط زمانی که یک دوره آنلاین خاص در حال برگزاری است. +
+ +## یک زبان برنامه نویسی را انتخاب کنید + +برای مصاحبه های کدنویسی که انجام می دهید باید یک زبان برنامه نویسی انتخاب کنید. +اما شما همچنین باید زبانی را پیدا کنید که بتوانید از آن برای مطالعه مفاهیم علوم کامپیوتر استفاده کنید. + +ترجیحاً زبانهای یکسانی باشند، به طوری که شما فقط باید در یکی از آن ها مهارت داشته باشید. + +### برای این طرح مطالعه + +
+من وقتی داشتم این برنامه مطالعاتی رو انجام میدادم، برای بیشتر آن از دو زبان پایتون و C استفاده میکردم + + +* C: یک زبان بسیار سطح پایین است. و شما با اشاره گر ها و تخصیص و آزاد سازی حافظه سرو کار دارید, از این رو شما ساختمان داده ها و الگوریتم رو از نزدیک تجربه خواهید کرد. در زبان‌های سطح بالاتر مانند پایتون یا جاوا، اینها از شما پنهان هستند. که برای کارهای روزانه فوق العاده هست, + اما زمانی که در حال یادگیری نحوه ساخت این ساختارهای داده سطح پایین هستید, یک حس دیگری است. + - در طول پروسه مطالعه زبان سی رو همه جا خواهید دید در کتاب ها سخنرانی ها و ویدیوها. + - [The C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - این یک کتاب کوتاه است، اما به شما مهارت خوبی در زبان C می دهد و اگر کمی آن را تمرین کنید، به سرعت به مهارت خواهید رسید. درک C به شما کمک می کند تا نحوه عملکرد برنامه ها و حافظه را درک کنید. + - نیازی نیست خیلی عمیق در این کتاب فرو بروید فقط تا حدی لازم است که بتوانید کد های زبان سی رو بخوانید و بنویسید. + - [پاسخ به سوالات کتاب](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) +* Python: مدرن و بسیار رسا، من پایتون رو برای اینکه یک زبان بسیار مفید هست یاد گرفتم و همچنین برای اینکه این امکان رو بهم میده که کد کمتری در مصاحبه بنویسم. + +این دو زبان ترجیجات من هستند. البته شما میتوانید هر چیزی که دوست دارید انتخاب کنید. + +ممکن است لازم نباشه ، ولی در اینجا چند سایت برای یادگیری یک زبان جدید وجود دارد: +- [Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks) +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) +- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) +- [Codeforces](https://codeforces.com/) + +
+ +### برای مصاحبه + +شما می توانید از زبانی که در آن راحت هستید برای انجام بخش کد نویسی مصاحبه استفاده کنید، اما برای شرکت های بزرگ، اینها گزینه های خوبی هستند.: + +- C++ +- Java +- Python + +شما همچنین می توانید از اینها استفاده کنید، اما ابتدا مطالعه کنید. ممکن است اخطارهایی وجود داشته باشد: + +- JavaScript +- Ruby + +در اینجا مقاله ای در مورد انتخاب زبان برای مصاحبه نوشتم: +[یک زبان را برای مصاحبه کدنویسی انتخاب کنید](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/). +این مقاله اصلی است که پست من بر اساس آن نوشته شده است: http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ + +شما باید خیلی با زبانی که انتخاب میکنید راحت باشید و معلومات کافی داشته باشید. + +درباره انتخاب ها بیشتر بخوانید: +- [زبان مناسب برای مصاحبه کدنویسی خود را انتخاب کنید](http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/) + +[منابع مخصوص هر زبان را اینجا ببینید](programming-language-resources.md) + +## کتاب های مربوط به ساختمان داده و الگوریتم + +این کتاب پایه و اساس شما را برای علوم کامپیوتر تشکیل خواهد داد. + +فقط یکی از موارد مربوط به زبانی که با آن راحت تر هستیدرا انتخاب کنید. که قرار است مطالعه و کد نویسی زیادی انجام دهید. + +### C + +- [Algorithms in C, Parts 1-5 (Bundle), 3rd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-5-Bundle-Fundamentals/dp/0201756080) + - مبانی، ساختمان داده، مرتب‌سازی، جستجو و الگوریتم‌های نمودار + +### Python + +- [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - من این کتاب را دوست داشتم. همه چیز را پوشش می داد. + - Pythonic code + - my glowing book report: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ + +### Java + +انتخاب شما: + +- Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) +- Sedgewick and Wayne: + - [Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - Free Coursera course that covers the book (taught by the authors!): + - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +### C++ + +انتخاب شما: + +- Goodrich, Tamassia, and Mount + - [Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, 2nd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/0470383275) +- Sedgewick and Wayne + - [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) + - [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) + +## کتاب های آمادگی مصاحبه + +
+شما نیازی به خریدن تمام این کتاب ها رو ندارید. راستش رابخواهید احتمالاً کتاب "Cracking the Coding Interview" کافی است, +اما من بیشتر گرفتم تا بیشتر تمرین کنم. اما من همیشه بیش از حد انجام می دهم. +
+ +من هر دوی اینها را خریدم. آنها به من تمرین زیادی دادند. + +- [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) + - پاسخ به زبان C++ و جاوا + - این یک گرم کردن خوب برای Cracking the Coding Interview است + - خیلی سخت نیست بیشتر مشکلات ممکن است ساده تر از چیزی باشد که در مصاحبه می بینید (از آنچه من خوانده ام) +- [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - پاسخ در جاوا + +### اگر وقت اضافی دارید: + +Choose one: + +- [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) + +## اشتباهات من را مرتکب نشوید + +این فهرست در طول چندین ماه رشد کرد و از کنترل خارج شد. + +در اینجا برخی از اشتباهاتم رو ذکر میکنم تا شما تجربه بهتری داشته باشید. تا ماه ها در زمان خود صرفه جویی کنید. + +### 1. شما همه چیز را به خاطر نخواهید آورد + +ساعت‌ها ویدیو تماشا کردم و یادداشت‌برداری کردم و ماه‌ها بعد چیز زیادی به یاد نمی آوردم. من 3 روز وقت گذاشتم یادداشت هایم را مرور کردم و فلش کارت درست کردم تا بتوانم مرور کنم. من نیازی به این همه دانستن نداشتم. + +لطفا بخوانید تا مرتکب اشتباه من نشوید: + +[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/). + +### 2. از فلش کارت استفاده کنید + +برای حل این مشکل، یک سایت فلش کارت کوچک درست کردم که می توانستم فلش کارت های خودم رو در دو نوع کد و عمومی اضافه کنم. +هر کارت قالب بندی متفاوتی داشت. وب‌سایت رو سازگار با تلفن همراه ایجاد کردم، بنابراین می‌توانستم هر کجا که هستم، در تلفن یا تبلت مرور کنم. + +سورس وب سایت: + +- [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) + +**توصیه نمیکنم که از فلش کارت های من استفاده کنید.** بسیاری از آنها موارد بی اهمیت هستند که ممکن است نیاز نداشته باشید. + +اما اگر نمی خواهی به من گوش کنی، بفرما: +- [دیتابیس فلش کارد های من (1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [My flash cards database (extreme - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): + +به خاطر داشته باشید که من زیاده روی کردم و کارت هایی دارم که همه چیز را از زبان اسمبلی و نکات بی اهمیت پایتون گرفته تا یادگیری ماشینی و آمار را پوشش می دهد. +که بسیار زیاد تر از حد مورد نیاز است. + +**یک نکته درباره فلش کارت ها:** به محض اینکه تشخیص دادید که جواب یک کارت را میدانید اون رو به عنوان میدانم علامت نزنید. قبل از آن باید کارت را ببینید و چندین بار جواب درست آن را مرور کنید. پس از چند بار تکرار مبحث مورد نظر عمیقاً در ذهن شما ثبت میشود. + +میتوانید به عنوان جاگزین سایت فلش کارت من از سایت [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), استفاده کنید که بارها به من توصیه شده است. +که از یک سیستم تکرار برای کمک به یادآوری استفاده می کند. کاربرپسند است، در همه پلتفرم ها موجود است و دارای سیستم همگام سازی ابری است. +که تمامی نسخه های آن به غیر از نسخه IOS رایگان میباشیند. + +دیتابیس فلش کارت من با فرمت Anki: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)). + +بعضی از دانش آموزان یک به مشکل قالب بندی کارت ها برخوردند که با انجام موارد زیر قابل رفع است: open deck, edit card, click cards, select the "styling" radio button, add the member "white-space: pre;" to the card class. + +### 3. تمرین ها و سوالات مصاحبه را حل کنید + +این بسیار مهم است. + +هنگامی که در حال یادگیری ساختمان داده و الگوریتم هستید، شروع به کدنویسی و حل تمرین های مصاحبه کنید. + +حتما باید آنچه را که یاد میگیرید را به کار ببرید و تمرین کنید ، وگرنه فراموش خواهید کرد. همانطور که من این اشتباه رو مرتکب شدم. + +وقتی موضوعی را یاد گرفتید و تا حدودی با آن احساس راحتی کردید, برای مثال **لیست های پیوندی**: +1. [کتاب مصاحبه کدنویسی](#interview-prep-books) (یا یکی از سایت های معرفی شده در پایین) رو باز کنید +1. 2 یا 3 سوال در مورد لیست های پیوندی انجام دهید. +1. به سراغ مبحث بعدی بروید. +1. بعد ها دوباره به مبحث لیست های پیوندی برگردید و دو یا سه مسئله دیگر انجام دهید. +1. این کار را با هر موضوع جدیدی که یاد می گیرید انجام دهید. + +**مسئله ها رو وقتی که دارید یاد میگیرید انجام دهید، نه بعد از آن** + +شمام به خاطر دانشتون استخدام نمیشوید، بلکه به خاطر مهارت استفاده از اون دانش استخدام میشوید. + +یه سری منابع پایین لیست شده. + +### 4. تمرکز + +عوامل بیرونی زیادی وجود دارند که باعث حواس پرتی شما میشه. تمرکز و حواس جمع بودن خیلی سخته. برای تمرکز بهتر یک موسیقی بیکلام پخش کنید. + +## به چه چیزهایی پرداخته نشده + +موارد زیر فناوری های رایج هستند اما بخشی از این طرح مطالعه نیستند: + +- SQL +- Javascript +- HTML, CSS, and other front-end technologies + +## برنامه روزانه + +در این دوره به موضوعات زیادی پرداخته میشود. با توجه به زمان بندی شما ممکن است هر کدام از موضوعات چند روز و یا حتی یک هفته یا بیشتر زمان ببرد. + +هر روز، موضوع بعدی را در لیست انتخاب کنید، چند ویدیو در مورد آن موضوع تماشا کنید و سپس آن را با زبان برنامه نویسی که انتخاب کردید پیاده سازی کنید + +کد های من رو میتونید در اینجا ببینید: + - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + +شما نیازی به حفظ کردن هر الگوریتم ندارید. شما فقط باید بتوانید آنقدر آن را درک کنید تا بتوانید آنرا پیاده سازی کنید. + +## تمرین مصاحبه کدنویسی + + چرا این اینجاست؟ من برای مصاحبه آماده نیستم. + +[پس این رو بخوانید.](#3-do-coding-interview-questions-while-youre-learning) + +چرا باید انجام مسائل برنامه نویسی را تمرین کنید: +- Problem recognition, and where the right data structures and algorithms fit in +- Gathering requirements for the problem +- Talking your way through the problem like you will in the interview +- Coding on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer +- Coming up with time and space complexity for your solutions (see Big-O below) +- Testing your solutions + +یک مقدمه عالی برای حل مسئله روشمند و ارتباطی در مصاحبه وجود دارد: +[Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) + +کد را روی تخته سفید یا کاغذ بنویسید، نه کامپیوتر. با چند ورودی نمونه تست کنید. سپس آن را تایپ کرده و روی کامپیوتر تست کنید. + +اگر در خانه تخته وایت برد ندارید، یک پد طراحی بزرگ از یک فروشگاه هنری بردارید. می توانید روی مبل بنشینید و تمرین کنید. +در پایین تصویر دفتر سفیدی که استفاده میکردم رو میبینید، خودکار رو برای بهتر شدن تصویر اضافه کردم. اگه با خودکار توی این دفتر بنویسید آرزو میکنید کاش میتوانستید پاک کنید. +**از مداد و پاک کن استفاده کنید.** + +![my sofa whiteboard](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) + +**نباید پاسخ سوالات رو به خاطر بسپارید باید مسائل رو یاد بگیرید.** + +## مسائل برنامه نویسی + +کتاب کلیدی مصاحبه کد نویسی رو فراموش نکنید [اینجا](#interview-prep-books). + +حل مسئله: +- [چگونگی پیدا کردن راه حل](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [نحوه تشریح یک مسئله](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) + +ویدئوهای مربوط به سوال های مصاحبه کدنویسی: +- [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - فوق العاده برای بررسی راه حل های مشکل +- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 Videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - توضیحات خوب راه حل و کد + - You can watch several in a short time +- [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) + +سایت های چالشی: +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) + - My favorite coding problem site. It's worth the subscription money for the 1-2 months you'll likely be preparing. + - See Nick White and FisherCoder Videos above for code walk-throughs. +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/explore/?page=1) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/) +- [Project Euler](https://projecteuler.net/) + +## بیایید شروع کنیم + +خوب، صحبت کافی است، بیایید یاد بگیریم! + +اما فراموش نکنید که در حین یادگیری، مسائل کدنویسی را از بالا انجام دهید! + +## پیچیدگی الگوریتمی / Big-O / تحلیل مجانبی + +- اینجا چیزی برای پیاده سازی نیست، شما فقط فیلم ها را تماشا می کنید و یادداشت برداری می کنید! آری +- ویدیوهای زیادی در اینجا وجود دارد. تا حدی ویدیو ها رو ببینید تا مباحث رو متوجه بشید. میتوانید بعدا برای مرور برگردید. +- اگر تمام ریاضیات پشت آن را متوجه نمیشوید نگران نباشید. +- فقط باید بدانید که چگونه پیچیدگی یک الگوریتم را بر حسب Big-O بیان کنید.. +- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] Skiena: + - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [slides](https://archive.org/details/lecture2_202008) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) +- [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) + +بسیارخب، فکر کنم در همین حد کافی باشه. + +وقتی دارید کتاب "Cracking the Coding Interview" رو مطالعه میکنید، یک فصل در این مورد در آنجا وجود داره. +اگر بتوانید پیچیدگی زمان اجرای الگوریتم های مختلف رو شناسایی کنید. فرصت خوبیه برای بررسی و تست مسائل + +## ساختمان داده + +- ### آرایه ها + - [ ] درمورد آرایه ها: + - [آرایه ها (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/arrays-OsBSF) + - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (Start watching from 15m 32s) + - [آرایه پویا (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/dynamic-arrays-EwbnV) + - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [ ] پیاده سازی vector (mutable array with automatic resizing): + - [ ] تمرین آرایه ها و اشاره گر ها, استفاده از اشاره گر به جای ایندکس در آرایه. + - [ ] New raw data array with allocated memory + - can allocate int array under the hood, just not use its features + - start with 16, or if starting number is greater, use power of 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 + - [ ] size() - number of items + - [ ] capacity() - number of items it can hold + - [ ] is_empty() + - [ ] at(index) - returns item at given index, blows up if index out of bounds + - [ ] push(item) + - [ ] insert(index, item) - inserts item at index, shifts that index's value and trailing elements to the right + - [ ] prepend(item) - can use insert above at index 0 + - [ ] pop() - remove from end, return value + - [ ] delete(index) - delete item at index, shifting all trailing elements left + - [ ] remove(item) - looks for value and removes index holding it (even if in multiple places) + - [ ] find(item) - looks for value and returns first index with that value, -1 if not found + - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private function + - when you reach capacity, resize to double the size + - when popping an item, if size is 1/4 of capacity, resize to half + - [ ] Time + - O(1) to add/remove at end (amortized for allocations for more space), index, or update + - O(n) to insert/remove elsewhere + - [ ] Space + - contiguous in memory, so proximity helps performance + - space needed = (array capacity, which is >= n) * size of item, but even if 2n, still O(n) + +- ### لیست های پیوندی + - [ ] Description: + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) + - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation + - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9) + - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd) + - [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [ ] Gotcha: you need pointer to pointer knowledge: + (for when you pass a pointer to a function that may change the address where that pointer points) + This page is just to get a grasp on ptr to ptr. I don't recommend this list traversal style. Readability and maintainability suffer due to cleverness. + - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) + - [ ] Implement (I did with tail pointer & without): + - [ ] size() - returns number of data elements in list + - [ ] empty() - bool returns true if empty + - [ ] value_at(index) - returns the value of the nth item (starting at 0 for first) + - [ ] push_front(value) - adds an item to the front of the list + - [ ] pop_front() - remove front item and return its value + - [ ] push_back(value) - adds an item at the end + - [ ] pop_back() - removes end item and returns its value + - [ ] front() - get value of front item + - [ ] back() - get value of end item + - [ ] insert(index, value) - insert value at index, so current item at that index is pointed to by new item at index + - [ ] erase(index) - removes node at given index + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - returns the value of the node at nth position from the end of the list + - [ ] reverse() - reverses the list + - [ ] remove_value(value) - removes the first item in the list with this value + - [ ] Doubly-linked List + - [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/doubly-linked-lists-jpGKD) + - No need to implement + +- ### پشته + - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ) + - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial + +- ### صف + - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) + - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: + - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail + - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) + - empty() + - [ ] Implement using fixed-sized array: + - enqueue(value) - adds item at end of available storage + - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element + - empty() + - full() + - [ ] Cost: + - a bad implementation using linked list where you enqueue at head and dequeue at tail would be O(n) + because you'd need the next to last element, causing a full traversal each dequeue + - enqueue: O(1) (amortized, linked list and array [probing]) + - dequeue: O(1) (linked list and array) + - empty: O(1) (linked list and array) + +- ### جدول هش + - [ ] Videos: + - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [PyCon 2017: The Dictionary Even Mightier (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + + - [ ] Online Courses: + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) + - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4) + - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/phone-book-problem-NYZZP) + - [ ] distributed hash tables: + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox-DvaIb) + - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/distributed-hash-tables-tvH8H) + + - [ ] Implement with array using linear probing + - hash(k, m) - m is size of hash table + - add(key, value) - if key already exists, update value + - exists(key) + - get(key) + - remove(key) + +## موارد بیشتر + +- ### جستجوی باینری + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] Implement: + - binary search (on sorted array of integers) + - binary search using recursion + +- ### Bitwise operations + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << + - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) + - [ ] Good intro: + [Bit Manipulation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) + - [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) + - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) + - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) + - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] [Bit Hacks (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZusiKXcz_ac) + - [ ] [Practice Operations](https://pconrad.github.io/old_pconrad_cs16/topics/bitOps/) + - [ ] 2s and 1s complement + - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) + - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) + - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) + - [ ] Count set bits + - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) + - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) + - [ ] Swap values: + - [Swap](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + - [ ] Absolute value: + - [Absolute Integer](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) + +## درخت + +- ### درخت ها - یادداشت ها و پس زمینه + - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/trees-95qda) + - ساخت درخت اولیه + - پیشمایش + - الگوریتم های ویرایش + - [ ] [BFS(breadth-first search) and DFS(depth-first search) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) + - BFS notes: + - ترتیب سطح (BFS, using queue) + - پیچیدگی زمانی: O(n) + - پیچیدگی مکانی: best: O(1), worst: O(n/2)=O(n) + - DFS notes: + - time complexity: O(n) + - space complexity: + best: O(log n) - avg. height of tree + worst: O(n) + - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) + - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) + - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + +- ### درخت جستجوی دودویی: BSTs + - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) + - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + - C/C++: + - [ ] [Binary search tree - Implementation in C/C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) + - [ ] [BST implementation - memory allocation in stack and heap (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) + - [ ] [Find min and max element in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Find height of a binary tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal - breadth-first and depth-first strategies (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) + - [ ] [Binary tree: Level Order Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal: Preorder, Inorder, Postorder (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Check if a binary tree is binary search tree or not (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Delete a node from Binary Search Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) + - [ ] [Inorder Successor in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] Implement: + - [ ] insert // insert value into tree + - [ ] get_node_count // get count of values stored + - [ ] print_values // prints the values in the tree, from min to max + - [ ] delete_tree + - [ ] is_in_tree // returns true if given value exists in the tree + - [ ] get_height // returns the height in nodes (single node's height is 1) + - [ ] get_min // returns the minimum value stored in the tree + - [ ] get_max // returns the maximum value stored in the tree + - [ ] is_binary_search_tree + - [ ] delete_value + - [ ] get_successor // returns next-highest value in tree after given value, -1 if none + +- ### Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap + - به عنوان یک درخت تجسم میشود اما معمولاً به صورت خطی ذخیره میشود (array, linked list) + - [ ] [Heap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) + - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) + - [ ] [Naive Implementations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) + - [ ] [Tree Height Remark (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) + - [ ] [Basic Operations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) + - [ ] [Complete Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) + - [ ] [Pseudocode (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) + - [ ] [Heap Sort - jumps to start (video)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) + - [ ] [Building a heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) + - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) + - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] Implement a max-heap: + - [ ] insert + - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert + - [ ] get_max - returns the max item, without removing it + - [ ] get_size() - return number of elements stored + - [ ] is_empty() - returns true if heap contains no elements + - [ ] extract_max - returns the max item, removing it + - [ ] sift_down - needed for extract_max + - [ ] remove(i) - removes item at index x + - [ ] heapify - create a heap from an array of elements, needed for heap_sort + - [ ] heap_sort() - take an unsorted array and turn it into a sorted array in-place using a max heap or min heap + +## مرتب سازی + +- [ ] Notes: + - پیاده سازی روش های مرتب سازی و دانستن بهترین و بدترین روش, میانگین پیچیدگی زمانی هر کدام: + - no bubble sort - it's terrible - O(n^2), except when n <= 16 + - [ ] Stability in sorting algorithms ("Is Quicksort stable?") + - [Sorting Algorithm Stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) + - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) + - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) + - [Sorting Algorithms - Stability](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) + - [ ] کدوم الگوریتم ها در آرایه ها و کدام در لیست های پیوندی و کدام در هر دو استفاده میشوند؟ + - من مرتب کردن لیست پیوندی را توصیه نمی کنم، اما مرتب سازی ادغام قابل انجام است. + - [مرتب سازی ادغام برای لیست های پیوندی](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) + +- برای مرتب سازی هیپ بخش ساختمان داده هیپ در بالا رو ببینید. مرتب سازی هیپ عالی است اما پایدار نیست + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort) + - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) + - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/xAltF/sorting-complexity) + - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/9FYhS/comparators) + - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/vjvnC/quicksort) + - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/UQxFT/selection) + - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/XvjPd/duplicate-keys) + - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/QBNZ7/system-sorts) + +- [ ] UC Berkeley: + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) + +- [ ] [Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Analyzing Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort, Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Quicksort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Selection Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) + +- [ ] Merge sort code: + - [ ] [Using output array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) + - [ ] [Using output array (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) + - [ ] [In-place (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) +- [ ] Quick sort code: + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) + - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) + +- [ ] Implement: + - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case + - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case + - Selection sort and insertion sort are both O(n^2) average and worst case + - For heapsort, see Heap data structure above + +- [ ] Not required, but I recommended them: + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) + - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting) + - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/crkd5/3-way-radix-quicksort) + - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) + - [ ] [Radix Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) + +به عنوان خلاصه، در اینجا یک نمایش بصری از[15 الگوریتم مرتب سازی](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg). +اگر به جزئیات بیشتری در مورد این موضوع نیاز دارید، بخش "مرتب سازی" را در اینجا ببینید [جزئیات بیشتر در مورد برخی از موضوعات](#جزئیات-بیشتر-در-مورد-برخی-از-موضوعات) + +## گراف + +از گراف ها میتوان برای حل بسیاری از مسائل در علوم کامپیوتر استفاده کرد، بنابراین این بخش مانند بهش درخت و مرتب سازی طولانی است. + +- توجه: + - 4 روش اساسی برای نمایش یک گراف در حافظه وجود دارد: + - اشاره گرها و اشیاء (objects) + - ماتریس مجاورت + - لیست مجاورت + - adjacency map + - با هر کدام از آنها و مزایا و معایب آنها آشنا شوید + - BFS and DFS - know their computational complexity, their trade offs, and how to implement them in real code + - اگر سوالی پرسیده شد، ابتدا به دنبال راه حل مبتنی بر گراف بگردید. + +- [ ] MIT(videos): + - [ ] [Breadth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - [ ] [Depth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) + +- [ ] Skiena Lectures - great intro: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + +- [ ] Graphs (review and more): + + - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - Lecture 6 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + - [ ] ~~[CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489)~~ + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) + - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + +- Full Coursera Course: + - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) + +- I'll implement: + - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (recursive) + - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (iterative with stack) + - [ ] DFS with adjacency matrix (recursive) + - [ ] DFS with adjacency matrix (iterative with stack) + - [ ] BFS with adjacency list + - [ ] BFS with adjacency matrix + - [ ] single-source shortest path (Dijkstra) + - [ ] minimum spanning tree + - DFS-based algorithms (see Aduni videos above): + - [ ] check for cycle (needed for topological sort, since we'll check for cycle before starting) + - [ ] topological sort + - [ ] count connected components in a graph + - [ ] list strongly connected components + - [ ] check for bipartite graph + +## موارد حتی بیشتر + +- ### بازگشت + - [ ] Stanford lectures on recursion & backtracking: + - [ ] [Lecture 8 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) + - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) + - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) + - چه زمانی از توابع بازگشتی استفاده کنیم؟ + - How is tail recursion better than not? + - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) + +- ### برنامه نویسی پویا + - احتمالاً در مصاحبه خود هیچ مسئله ای مربوط به برنامه نویسی پویا نخواهید دید، اما ارزش دارد که بتوانید راه حل یک مسئله را به عنوان برنامه نویسی پویا تشخیص دهید. + - این موضوع می تواند بسیار دشوار باشد، زیرا هر مسئله قابل حل DP باید به عنوان یک رابطه بازگشتی تعریف شود، و رسیدن به آن می تواند مشکل باشد.. + - من پیشنهاد می‌کنم که نمونه‌های زیادی از مسائل DP را تا زمانی که درک کاملی از مباحث داشته باشید، ببینید. + - [ ] Videos: + - the Skiena videos can be hard to follow since he sometimes uses the whiteboard, which is too small to see + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] List of individual DP problems (each is short): + [Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + - [ ] Yale Lecture notes: + - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) + - [ ] Coursera: + - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) + - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) + - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + +- ### الگوهای طراحی + - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) + - [ ] این الگو ها رو یاد بگیرید: + - [ ] strategy + - [ ] singleton + - [ ] adapter + - [ ] prototype + - [ ] decorator + - [ ] visitor + - [ ] factory, abstract factory + - [ ] facade + - [ ] observer + - [ ] proxy + - [ ] delegate + - [ ] command + - [ ] state + - [ ] memento + - [ ] iterator + - [ ] composite + - [ ] flyweight + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 1) - Patterns (video)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Series of videos (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) + - I know the canonical book is "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", but Head First is great for beginners to OO. + - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) + - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) + +- ### Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability + - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [Make School: Probability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + - [ ] [Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) + - [ ] Khan Academy: + - Course layout: + - [ ] [Basic Theoretical Probability](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) + - Just the videos - 41 (each are simple and each are short): + - [ ] [Probability Explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) + +- ### NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms + - Know about the most famous classes of NP-complete problems, such as traveling salesman and the knapsack problem, + and be able to recognize them when an interviewer asks you them in disguise. + - Know what NP-complete means. + - [ ] [Computational Complexity (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) + - [ ] Simonson: + - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness III (Video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) + - [ ] Skiena: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 23 - Introduction to NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 24 - NP-Completeness Proofs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 25 - NP-Completeness Challenge (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) + - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) + - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - Peter Norvig discusses near-optimal solutions to traveling salesman problem: + - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) + - Pages 1048 - 1140 in CLRS if you have it. + +- ### How computers process a program + + - [ ] [How CPU executes a program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + - [ ] [How computers calculate - ALU (video)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + - [ ] [Registers and RAM (video)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [ ] [The Central Processing Unit (CPU) (video)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [ ] [Instructions and Programs (video)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) + +- ### حافظه نهان + - [ ] LRU cache: + - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) + - [ ] [Implementing LRU (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) + - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) + - [ ] CPU cache: + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + +- ### پردازش و نخ + - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operating Systems (25 videos): + - for processes and threads see videos 1-11 + - [Operating Systems and System Programming (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) + - موارد گفته شده در این دوره: + - پردازه ها, نخ ها, مسائل همزمانی + - فرق بین پردازه (process) و نخ + - پردازه ها + - نخ + - Locks + - Mutexes + - Semaphores + - Monitors + - How they work? + - Deadlock + - Livelock + - CPU activity, interrupts, context switching + - Modern concurrency constructs with multicore processors + - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) + - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) + - Process resource needs (memory: code, static storage, stack, heap, and also file descriptors, i/o) + - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own pc, stack counter, registers, and stack) + - Forking is really copy on write (read-only) until the new process writes to memory, then it does a full copy. + - Context switching + - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware? + - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] [CS 377 Spring '14: Operating Systems from University of Massachusetts](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLacuG5pysFbDQU8kKxbUh4K5c1iL5_k7k) + - [ ] concurrency in Python (videos): + - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) + - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) + - [ ] [Understanding the Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) + - [reference](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) + - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) + - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) + - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) + +- ### تست + - To cover: + - چگونه unit test پیاده سازی کنیم + - what are mock objects + - what is integration testing + - what is dependency injection + - [ ] [Agile Software Testing with James Bach (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) + - [ ] [Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) + - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant) (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) + - [slides](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) + - [ ] Dependency injection: + - [ ] [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) + - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) + - [ ] [How to write tests](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) + +- ### جستجو و دستکاری رشته + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/introduction-to-substring-search) + - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) + - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) + - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) + - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) + - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + + اگر به جزئیات بیشتری در مورد این موضوع نیاز دارید، بخش "String Matching" را ببینید [جزئیات بیشتر در مورد برخی از موضوعات](#جزئیات-بیشتر-در-مورد-برخی-از-موضوعات). + +- ### Tries + - Note there are different kinds of tries. Some have prefixes, some don't, and some use string instead of bits + to track the path + - I read through code, but will not implement + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) + - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) + - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) + - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] Short course videos: + - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) + - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + +- ### اعداد اعشاری + - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + +- ### یونیکد + - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + +- ### Endianness + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141940/http://www.cs.umd.edu:80/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - Very technical talk for kernel devs. Don't worry if most is over your head. + - The first half is enough. + +- ### شبکه + - **if you have networking experience or want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, expect questions** + - Otherwise, this is just good to know + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/code-org/computers-and-the-internet) + - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained! (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial. (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] Sockets: + - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) + +--- + +## بررسی نهایی + + این بخش ویدیوهای کوتاه تری دارد که می توانید خیلی سریع آن ها را تماشا کنید تا بیشتر مفاهیم مهم را مرور کنید. + +- [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (18 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +--- + +## رزومه خود را به روز کنید + +- اطلاعات آماده سازی رزومه را در کتاب های زیر ببینید: "Cracking The Coding Interview" و "Programming Interviews Exposure" +- من نمی دانم این چقدر مهم است (شما می توانید تحقیقات خود را انجام دهید) اما در اینجا مقاله ای در مورد سازگار کردن رزومه شما با ATS وجود دارد.: + - [How to Create or Check if your Resume is ATS Compliant](https://ayedot.com/97/MiniBlog/Meaning-of-ATS-compliant-resume-and-How-to-create-ATS-Resume-for-Free) +- ["This Is What A GOOD Resume Should Look Like" by Gayle McDowell (author of Cracking the Coding Interview)](https://www.careercup.com/resume), + - Note by the author: "This is for a US-focused resume. CVs for India and other countries have different expectations, although many of the points will be the same." + + +## یک شغل پیدا کنید + +- [سایت های کاریابی](https://ayedot.com/151/MiniBlog/Top-10-Best-Websites-for-Careers--Jobs) + +## فرآیند مصاحبه و آمادگی مصاحبه عمومی + +- [ ] [How to Pass the Engineering Interview in 2021](https://davidbyttow.medium.com/how-to-pass-the-engineering-interview-in-2021-45f1b389a1) +- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4: + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4.1 (Follow-up video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6790FVXWBw8&feature=youtu.be) +- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] Cracking the Facebook Coding Interview: + - [ ] [The Approach](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) + - [ ] [Problem Walkthrough](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) +- Prep Courses: + - [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): + - Learn how to make yourself ready for software engineer interviews from a former Google interviewer. + - [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - A Python centric interview prep course which covers data structures, algorithms, mock interviews and much more. + - [Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms using Python (Udacity free course)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): + - A free Python centric data structures and algorithms course. + - [Data Structures and Algorithms Nanodegree! (Udacity paid Nanodegree)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): + - Get hands-on practice with over 100 data structures and algorithm exercises and guidance from a dedicated mentor to help prepare you for interviews and on-the-job scenarios. + - [Grokking the Behavioral Interview (Educative free course)](https://www.educative.io/courses/grokking-the-behavioral-interview): + - Many times, it’s not your technical competency that holds you back from landing your dream job, it’s how you perform on the behavioral interview. + +Mock Interviews: +- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - I used this and it helped me relax for the phone screen and on-site interview +- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - peer-to-peer model of practice interviews +- [interviewing.io: Practice mock interview with senior engineers](https://interviewing.io) - anonymous algorithmic/systems design interviews with senior engineers from FAANG anonymously + +## به فکر زمان مصاحبه باشید + +درباره 20 تا از سوالاتی که ممکن است از شما پرسیده شود و سوالات پایین فکر کنید. و برای هرکدام حداقل یک جواب داشته باشید + +- چرا این شغل را می خواهی؟ +- یکی از مشکلات بزرگی که حل کردی رو بازگو کن؟ +- بزرگترین چالشی که داشتی؟ +- بهترین و بدترین طرح هایی که دیدی؟ +- ایده هایی برای بهبود یک محصول موجود +- چگونه به عنوان یک فرد و به عنوان بخشی از یک تیم بهترین کار را انجام می دهید؟ +- کدام یک از مهارت ها یا تجربیات شما میتواند کلیدی باشد و چرا؟ +- از چه چیز فلان پروژه لذت بردی؟ +- بزرگترین چالشی که توی فلان پروژه باهاش روبرو شدی چی بود؟ +- سخت ترین باگی که باهاش روبرو شدی چی بود؟ +- از فلان پروژه چی یاد گرفتی؟ +- چه کاری رو بهتر انجام دادی؟ + +- اگر یافتن پاسخ‌های خوب برای این نوع سوالات مصاحبه برایتان سخت است، در اینجا چند ایده وجود دارد: + - [General Interview Questions and their Answers](https://ayedot.com/119/MiniBlog/General-Interview-Questions-and-their-Answers-for-Tech-Jobs) + +## سوالاتی برای مصاحبه کننده آماده کنید + +برخی از سوالات من (من قبلاً ممکن است پاسخ ها را بدانم، اما نظر آنها یا دیدگاه تیم را می خواهم): + +- تعداد تیم شما چقدر است؟ +- What does your dev cycle look like? Do you do waterfall/sprints/agile? +- Are rushes to deadlines common? Or is there flexibility? +- تصمیمات در تیم شما چگونه گرفته می شود؟ +- چند جلسه در هفته دارید؟ +- آیا احساس می کنید محیط کارتان به شما کمک می کند تمرکز کنید؟ +- بر روی چه مسئله ای کار می کنید؟ +- چه چیزی را درباره آن دوست داری؟ +- زندگی کاری چگونه است؟ +- تعادل کار و زندگی چگونه است؟ + +## وقتی شغل مورد نظر رو به دست آوردید + +تبریک می گویم! + +به یادگیری ادامه دهید. + +تازه اولشه + +--- + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + + از اینجا به بعد موارد اختیاری استو دانستن آنها برای مصاحبه سطح مقدماتی نیازی نیست. + با این حال، با مطالعه این موارد، بیشتر در معرض مفاهیم CS قرار خواهید گرفت و برای هر شغل مهندسی نرم افزار آمادگی بیشتری خواهید داشت. شما تبدیل به یک مهندس نرم افزار بسیار قوی تر خواهید شد. + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + +--- + +## کتاب های اضافی + + These are here so you can dive into a topic you find interesting. + +- [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) + - An oldie but a goodie +- [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - A modern option +- [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) +- [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - A gentle introduction to design patterns +- [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - AKA the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF + - The canonical design patterns book +- [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - As a review and problem recognition + - The algorithm catalog portion is well beyond the scope of difficulty you'll get in an interview + - This book has 2 parts: + - Class textbook on data structures and algorithms + - Pros: + - Is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be + - Nice stories from his experiences solving problems in industry and academia + - Code examples in C + - Cons: + - Can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects + - Chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have + - Don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material + - Algorithm catalog: + - This is the real reason you buy this book. + - This book is better as an algorithm reference, and not something you read cover to cover. + - Can rent it on Kindle + - Answers: + - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +- [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - The book was published in 2004, and is somewhat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief + - The author invented [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly), so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like + - These chapters are worth the read to give you a nice foundation: + - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation + - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations + - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation + - Chapter 5 - Character Representation + - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access + - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects + - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture + - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture + - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization +- [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) + - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently + - AKA CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game +- [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + - For a richer, more up-to-date (2017), but longer treatment + +## طراحی سیستم، مقیاس پذیری، مدیریت داده ها + +**اگر بیش از 4 سال تجربه دارید باید انتظار سوالات درمورد طراحی سیستم داشته باشید.** + +- مقیاس‌پذیری و طراحی سیستم موضوعات بسیار بزرگی هستند که موضوعات و منابع زیادی دارند، زیرا هنگام طراحی یک سیستم نرم‌افزاری/سخت‌افزاری که می‌تواند مقیاس‌پذیر باشد، موارد زیادی باید در نظر گرفته شود.. + انتظار داشته باشید که زمان زیادی را صرف این موضوع کنید +- ملاحظات: + - مقیاس پذیری + - Distill large data sets to single values + - Transform one data set to another + - Handling obscenely large amounts of data + - طراحی سیستم + - features sets + - interfaces + - class hierarchies + - designing a system under certain constraints + - simplicity and robustness + - tradeoffs + - performance analysis and optimization +- [ ] **START HERE**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Interview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) +- [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) +- [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) +- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below +- [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +- [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) +- [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) +- [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) +- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem) +- [ ] [MIT 6.824: Distributed Systems, Spring 2020 (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQP8WApzIQQ&list=PLrw6a1wE39_tb2fErI4-WkMbsvGQk9_UB) +- [ ] Consensus Algorithms: + - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + - [ ] [Easy-to-read paper](https://raft.github.io/) + - [ ] [Infographic](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) +- [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) +- [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) +- [ ] Scalability: + - You don't need all of these. Just pick a few that interest you. + - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] Short series: + - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) + - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) + - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) + - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) + - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) + - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) + - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) + - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) + - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) + - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) + - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) + - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) + - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) + - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) + - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + - [ ] See "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" way below for info on some of the technologies that can glue services together + - [ ] Twitter: + - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) + - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [Video Series](#video-series) section +- [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: + - review: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - flow: + 1. Understand the problem and scope: + - Define the use cases, with interviewer's help + - Suggest additional features + - Remove items that interviewer deems out of scope + - Assume high availability is required, add as a use case + 2. Think about constraints: + - Ask how many requests per month + - Ask how many requests per second (they may volunteer it or make you do the math) + - Estimate reads vs. writes percentage + - Keep 80/20 rule in mind when estimating + - How much data written per second + - Total storage required over 5 years + - How much data read per second + 3. Abstract design: + - Layers (service, data, caching) + - Infrastructure: load balancing, messaging + - Rough overview of any key algorithm that drives the service + - Consider bottlenecks and determine solutions + - Exercises: + - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) + - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) + - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) + +## یادگیری بیشتر + + I added them to help you become a well-rounded software engineer, and to be aware of certain + technologies and algorithms, so you'll have a bigger toolbox. + +- ### کامپایلرها + - [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) + +- ### Emacs and vi(m) + - Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor + - vi(m): + - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) + - set of 4 videos: + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) + - [Using Vi Instead of Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) + - emacs: + - [Basics Emacs Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) + - set of 3 (videos): + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) + - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) + - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) + - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) + +- ### Unix command line tools + - I filled in the list below from good tools. + - bash + - cat + - grep + - sed + - awk + - curl or wget + - sort + - tr + - uniq + - [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + +- ### نظریه اطلاعات + - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - More about Markov processes: + - [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below + +- ### Parity & Hamming Code (videos) + - [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - Hamming Code: + - [Error detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) + - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) + - [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + +- ### Entropy + - Also see videos below + - Make sure to watch information theory videos first + - [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + +- ### رمزنگاری + - Also see videos below + - Make sure to watch information theory videos first + - [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- ### فشرده سازی + - Make sure to watch information theory videos first + - Computerphile (videos): + - [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) + +- ### Computer Security + - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- ### Garbage collection + - [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) + +- ### برنامه نویسی موازی + - [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + +- ### Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems + - [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) + - [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [Tutorials](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) + - [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) + - [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [Tutorial](http://try.redis.io/) + - [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [Get Started](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) + - [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) + - [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) + - [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + +- ### A* + - [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) + +- ### Fast Fourier Transform + - [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + +- ### Bloom Filter + - Given a Bloom filter with m bits and k hashing functions, both insertion and membership testing are O(k) + - [Bloom Filters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) + - [How To Write A Bloom Filter App](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) + +- ### HyperLogLog + - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) + +- ### Locality-Sensitive Hashing + - Used to determine the similarity of documents + - The opposite of MD5 or SHA which are used to determine if 2 documents/strings are exactly the same + - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) + +- ### van Emde Boas Trees + - [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + +- ### Augmented Data Structures + - [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) + +- ### Balanced search trees + - Know at least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented): + - "Among balanced search trees, AVL and 2/3 trees are now passé, and red-black trees seem to be more popular. + A particularly interesting self-organizing data structure is the splay tree, which uses rotations + to move any accessed key to the root." - Skiena + - Of these, I chose to implement a splay tree. From what I've read, you won't implement a + balanced search tree in your interview. But I wanted exposure to coding one up + and let's face it, splay trees are the bee's knees. I did read a lot of red-black tree code + - Splay tree: insert, search, delete functions + If you end up implementing red/black tree try just these: + - Search and insertion functions, skipping delete + - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets + - [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + + - **AVL trees** + - In practice: + From what I can tell, these aren't used much in practice, but I could see where they would be: + The AVL tree is another structure supporting O(log n) search, insertion, and removal. It is more rigidly + balanced than red–black trees, leading to slower insertion and removal but faster retrieval. This makes it + attractive for data structures that may be built once and loaded without reconstruction, such as language + dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter) + - [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + + - **Splay trees** + - In practice: + Splay trees are typically used in the implementation of caches, memory allocators, routers, garbage collectors, + data compression, ropes (replacement of string used for long text strings), in Windows NT (in the virtual memory, + networking and file system code) etc + - [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) + - MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: + - Gets very mathy, but watch the last 10 minutes for sure. + - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) + + - **Red/black trees** + - These are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below). + - In practice: + Red–black trees offer worst-case guarantees for insertion time, deletion time, and search time. + Not only does this make them valuable in time-sensitive applications such as real-time applications, + but it makes them valuable building blocks in other data structures which provide worst-case guarantees; + for example, many data structures used in computational geometry can be based on red–black trees, and + the Completely Fair Scheduler used in current Linux kernels uses red–black trees. In the version 8 of Java, + the Collection HashMap has been modified such that instead of using a LinkedList to store identical elements with poor + hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + + - **2-3 search trees** + - In practice: + 2-3 trees have faster inserts at the expense of slower searches (since height is more compared to AVL trees). + - You would use 2-3 tree very rarely because its implementation involves different types of nodes. Instead, people use Red Black trees. + - [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + + - **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** + - In practice: + For every 2-4 tree, there are corresponding red–black trees with data elements in the same order. The insertion and deletion + operations on 2-4 trees are also equivalent to color-flipping and rotations in red–black trees. This makes 2-4 trees an + important tool for understanding the logic behind red–black trees, and this is why many introductory algorithm texts introduce + 2-4 trees just before red–black trees, even though **2-4 trees are not often used in practice**. + - [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) + - [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + + - **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** + - note: the N or K is the branching factor (max branches) + - binary trees are a 2-ary tree, with branching factor = 2 + - 2-3 trees are 3-ary + - [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + + - **B-Trees** + - Fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor). + - In Practice: + B-Trees are widely used in databases. Most modern filesystems use B-trees (or Variants). In addition to + its use in databases, the B-tree is also used in filesystems to allow quick random access to an arbitrary + block in a particular file. The basic problem is turning the file block i address into a disk block + (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address + - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [B-Tree Datastructure](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) + - [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures + - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + + +- ### k-D Trees + - Great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object + - A good fit for k-nearest neighbors + - [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + +- ### Skip lists + - "These are somewhat of a cult data structure" - Skiena + - [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + +- ### Network Flows + - [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) + - [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + +- ### Disjoint Sets & Union Find + - [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) + - [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) + +- ### ریاضی برای پردازش سریع + - [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + +- ### Treap + - Combination of a binary search tree and a heap + - [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + +- ### برنامه نویسی خطی + - [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) + +- ### Geometry, Convex hull (videos) + - [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + +- ### ریاضی گسسته + - [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) + - [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) + - [Discrete Mathematics By IIT Ropar NPTEL](https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/106/106106183/) + +- ### یادگیری ماشین + - Why ML? + - [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + - [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + - [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + - [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + - [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + - [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) + - [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + - Courses: + - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) + - [videos only](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) + - see videos 12-18 for a review of linear algebra (14 and 15 are duplicates) + - [Neural Networks for Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) + - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) + - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) + - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) + - [Metis Online Course ($99 for 2 months)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) + - Resources: + - Books: + - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) + - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) + - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) + - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) + - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ + +--- + +## جزئیات بیشتر در مورد برخی از موضوعات + + I added these to reinforce some ideas already presented above, but didn't want to include them + above because it's just too much. It's easy to overdo it on a subject. + You want to get hired in this century, right? + +- **SOLID** + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ Principle](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use + - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. + - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) + + +- **Union-Find** + - [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) + +- **More Dynamic Programming** (videos) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + - [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + - [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) + +- **Advanced Graph Processing** (videos) + - [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) + +- MIT **Probability** (mathy, and go slowly, which is good for mathy things) (videos): + - [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) + +- [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) + +- **String Matching** + - Rabin-Karp (videos): + - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) + - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) + - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) + - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) + - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) + - Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): + - [TThe Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) + - Boyer–Moore string search algorithm + - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) + - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) + - [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - starts off great, but by the time it gets past KMP it gets more complicated than it needs to be + - nice explanation of tries + - can be skipped + +- **Sorting** + + - Stanford lectures on sorting: + - [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: + - [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + +## مجموعه ویدیویی + +Sit back and enjoy. + +- [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + +- [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) + +- [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) + +- [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) + +- CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) + - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) + +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) + +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + +- [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) + +- [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + +- ~~[UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~ + +- [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDSlqjcPpoL64CJdF0Qee5oWqGS6we_Yu) + +- [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) + +- [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) + +- [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) + +- [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) + +- [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + +- [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) + +- [MIT 6.824: Distributed Systems, Spring 2020 (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQP8WApzIQQ&list=PLrw6a1wE39_tb2fErI4-WkMbsvGQk9_UB) + +- [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) + +- [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) + +- [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) + +- [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) + +- [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) + - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) + +- [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) + +- [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) + +## دوره های علوم کامپیوتر + +- [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) +- [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) + +## Algorithms implementation + +- [Multiple Algorithms implementation by Princeton University](https://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/code) + + +## مقالات + +- [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) +- [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) +- [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - replaced by Colossus in 2012 +- [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow? +- [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) +- [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) +- [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) + - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution +- [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) +- 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: + - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) +- 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: + - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) +- [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) +- [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +- [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +- [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) +- [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +- More papers: [1,000 papers](https://github.com/0voice/computer_expert_paper) + +## LICENSE + +[CC-BY-SA-4.0](./LICENSE.txt) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translations/README-fr.md b/translations/README-fr.md index f21e43b..80f1e0d 100644 --- a/translations/README-fr.md +++ b/translations/README-fr.md @@ -1,15 +1,68 @@ # Coding Interview University -Translations: +Traductions: - [中文版本](README-cn.md) - [Español (in progress)](README-es.md) [Issue #80](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/80) - मानक हिन्दी (in progress) [Issue #81](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +
+
+

+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

+

+ Special thanks to: +

+

+ +

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+ Natively integrated with GitLab, GitHub, and Bitbucket, Gitpod automatically and continuously prebuilds dev environments for all your branches. As a result team members can instantly start coding with fresh dev environments for each new task - no matter if you are building a new feature, want to fix a bug, or work on a code review. +
+ +

+
+
+ ## C'est quoi? C'est un plan d'études de plusieurs mois pour aller d'un développeur web (Autodidacte, sans diplôme en informatique) à ingénieur logiciel google. -![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) +![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) Cette longue liste a été extraite et étendue de **Google's coaching notes**, ce sont donc des choses que vous devez savoir. En bas, j'ai rajouté des unités supplémentaires qui peuvent être soulevées pendant l'entretien, ou qui peuvent être utiles pour résoudre des problèmes. Plusieurs unités proviennent de @@ -27,17 +80,17 @@ Si vous souhaitez devenir ingénieur de fiabilité, ou ingénieur systèmes, sui ## Table of Contents - [C'est quoi?](#what-is-it) -- [Pourquoi l'utilisier?](#why-use-it) +- [Pourquoi l'utiliser?](#why-use-it) - [Comment s'en servir](#how-to-use-it) - [Se mettre dans l'humeur Googley](#get-in-a-googley-mood) - [J'ai décroché le Job?](#did-i-get-the-job) - [Follow Along with Me](#follow-along-with-me) -- [Don't feel you aren't smart enough](#dont-feel-you-arent-smart-enough) +- [Ne vous sentez pas stupide](#ne-vous-sentez-pas-stupide) - [A propos de Google](#about-google) - [A propos des ressources vidéo](#about-video-resources) - [Déroulement de l'entretien & préparations générales à l'entretien](#interview-process--general-interview-prep) - [Choisir un langage pour l'entretien](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview) -- [List de livres](#book-list) +- [Liste de livres](#book-list) - [Avant de commencer](#before-you-get-started) - [What you Won't See Covered](#what-you-wont-see-covered) - [Prerequisite Knowledge](#prerequisite-knowledge) @@ -147,34 +200,23 @@ Si vous souhaitez devenir ingénieur de fiabilité, ou ingénieur systèmes, sui --- -## Why use it? +## Pourquoi l'utiliser? -I'm following this plan to prepare for my Google interview. I've been building the web, building -services, and launching startups since 1997. I have an economics degree, not a CS degree. I've -been very successful in my career, but I want to work at Google. I want to progress into larger systems -and get a real understanding of computer systems, algorithmic efficiency, data structure performance, -low-level languages, and how it all works. And if you don't know any of it, Google won't hire you. +Je suis ce plan pour préparer mon entretien chez Google. J'ai construit le web, construit des services, et lancé des startups depuis 1997. J'ai un diplôme en économie, non pas d'informatique. J'ai eu beaucoup de succès dans ma carrière , mais je veux travailler chez Google. Je veux progresser sur de larges systèmes, et avec une réelle compréhension des systèmes informatiques, de l'efficacité algorithmique, de la performance des structures de données, de langages bas-niveau, et de comment ça marche. Et si vous ne connaissez rien de tout cela, Google ne vous engagera pas. -When I started this project, I didn't know a stack from a heap, didn't know Big-O anything, anything about trees, or how to -traverse a graph. If I had to code a sorting algorithm, I can tell ya it wouldn't have been very good. -Every data structure I've ever used was built into the language, and I didn't know how they worked -under the hood at all. I've never had to manage memory unless a process I was running would give an "out of -memory" error, and then I'd have to find a workaround. I've used a few multidimensional arrays in my life and -thousands of associative arrays, but I've never created data structures from scratch. +Quand j'ai commencé ce projet, je ne savais pas distinguer une pile d'un tas, ne connaissais rien sur le Grand O, rien sur les arbres, ou comment traverser un graphe. Si je devais coder un algorithme, je peux vous dire que ça n'aurait pas été très bon. Chaque structure de données que j'ai utilisée était construite dans le langage, et je ne savais pas du tout comment elles fonctionnaient sous le capot. Je n'avais jamais eu à gérer de mémoire sauf si un processus que j'exécutais donnais une erreur "Out of memory", et je devais alors trouver une parade. J'ai utilisé quelques tableaux multidimensionnels dans ma vie et des milliers de tableaux associatifs, mais je n'ai jamais créé de structures de données de zéro. -But after going through this study plan I have high confidence I'll be hired. It's a long plan. It's going to take me -months. If you are familiar with a lot of this already it will take you a lot less time. +Mais après avoir suivi ce plan d'études, je suis confiant que je serai embauché. C'est un long plan. cela me prendra des mois. Si vous êtes déjà familier avec beaucoup de points, cela vous prendra beaucoup moins de temps. -## How to use it +## Comment s'en servir? -Everything below is an outline, and you should tackle the items in order from top to bottom. +Tout ce qui suit est très important et vous devriez attaquer ces points dans l'ordre de haut en bas. -I'm using Github's special markdown flavor, including tasks lists to check progress. +J'utilise la typologie Markdown de GitHub, incluant les listes de tâches pour suivre les progrès. -- [x] Create a new branch so you can check items like this, just put an x in the brackets: [x] +- [x] Créez une nouvelle branche afin de vérifier les éléments comme ceci, mettez juste un "x" entre crochets : [x] - - Fork a branch and follow the commands below + Effectuez un fork d'une branche et suivez les commandes suivantes `git checkout -b progress` @@ -188,17 +230,17 @@ I'm using Github's special markdown flavor, including tasks lists to check progr `git commit -m "Marked x" ` -`git rebase jwasham/master ` +`git rebase jwasham/main ` `git push --force ` -[More about Github-flavored markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) +[Plus sur Markdown à la sauce Github](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) ## Get in a Googley Mood -Print out a "[future Googler](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf)" sign (or two) and keep your eyes on the prize. +Print out a "[future Googler](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/future-googler.pdf)" sign (or two) and keep your eyes on the prize. -[![future Googler sign](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/Screen_Shot_2016_10_04_at_10_13_24_AM-1475601104364.png)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf) +[![future Googler sign](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/Screen_Shot_2016_10_04_at_10_13_24_AM-1475601104364.png)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/future-googler.pdf) ## Did I Get the Job? @@ -220,35 +262,35 @@ I'm on the journey, too. Follow along: ![John Washam - Coding Interview University](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/book_stack_photo_resized_18_1469302751157-1472661280368.png) -## Don't feel you aren't smart enough -- Google engineers are smart, but many have an insecurity that they aren't smart enough, even though they work at Google. -- [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) -- [It's Dangerous to Go Alone: Battling the Invisible Monsters in Tech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) +## Ne vous sentez pas stupide +- Les ingénieurs de Google sont intelligents, mais beaucoup ont comme insécurité qu'ils ne sont pas suffisamment intelligents, même s'ils travaillent pour Google. +- [Le mythe du programmeur génie](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +- [C'est dangereux de rester seul: Combattre les monstres invisibles dans la Tech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) -## About Google +## À propos de Google -- [ ] For students - [Google Careers: Technical Development Guide](https://www.google.com/about/careers/students/guide-to-technical-development.html) -- [ ] How Search Works: - - [ ] [The Evolution of Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTBShTwCnD4) - - [ ] [How Search Works - the story](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/) - - [ ] [How Search Works](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/) - - [ ] [How Search Works - Matt Cutts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNHR6IQJGZs) - - [ ] [How Google makes improvements to its search algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5RZOU6vK4Q) -- [ ] Series: - - [ ] [How Google Search Dealt With Mobile](https://backchannel.com/how-google-search-dealt-with-mobile-33bc09852dc9) - - [ ] [Google's Secret Study To Find Out Our Needs](https://backchannel.com/googles-secret-study-to-find-out-our-needs-eba8700263bf) - - [ ] [Google Search Will Be Your Next Brain](https://backchannel.com/google-search-will-be-your-next-brain-5207c26e4523) - - [ ] [The Deep Mind Of Demis Hassabis](https://backchannel.com/the-deep-mind-of-demis-hassabis-156112890d8a) -- [ ] [Book: How Google Works](https://www.amazon.com/How-Google-Works-Eric-Schmidt/dp/1455582344) -- [ ] [Made by Google announcement - Oct 2016 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4y0KOeXViI) +- [ ] Pour les étudiants - [Carrières Google: Guide de développement technique](https://www.google.com/about/careers/students/guide-to-technical-development.html) +- [ ] Comment marche la recherche: + - [ ] [L'évolution de la recherche (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTBShTwCnD4) + - [ ] [Comment la recherche fonctionne - l'histoire](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/) + - [ ] [Comment la recherche fonctionne](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/) + - [ ] [Comment la recherche fonctionne - Matt Cutts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNHR6IQJGZs) + - [ ] [Comment Google améliore son algorithme de recherche (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5RZOU6vK4Q) +- [ ] Séries: + - [ ] [Comment la recherche Google Search fonctionne sur mobile](https://backchannel.com/how-google-search-dealt-with-mobile-33bc09852dc9) + - [ ] [L'étude secrète de Google pour découvrir nos besoins](https://backchannel.com/googles-secret-study-to-find-out-our-needs-eba8700263bf) + - [ ] [La recherche Google Search sera votre prochain cerveau](https://backchannel.com/google-search-will-be-your-next-brain-5207c26e4523) + - [ ] [L'esprit profond de Demis Hassabis](https://backchannel.com/the-deep-mind-of-demis-hassabis-156112890d8a) +- [ ] [Livre: Comment Google fonctionne](https://www.amazon.com/How-Google-Works-Eric-Schmidt/dp/1455582344) +- [ ] [Annonce faite par Google - Oct 2016 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4y0KOeXViI) -## About Video Resources +## À propos des ressources vidéos -Some videos are available only by enrolling in a Coursera, EdX, or Lynda.com class. These are called MOOCs. -Sometimes the classes are not in session so you have to wait a couple of months, so you have no access. Lynda.com courses are not free. +Certaines vidéos sont disponibles uniquement en s'inscrivant à une classe Coursera, EdX ou Lynda.com. Ce sont des MOOC. +Parfois, les cours ne sont pas en session, alors vous devez attendre quelques mois, donc vous n'y avez pas accès. Les cours sur Lynda.com ne sont pas gratuits. - I'd appreciate your help to add free and always-available public sources, such as YouTube videos to accompany the online course videos. - I like using university lectures. + J'apprécierais votre aide pour ajouter des sources publiques gratuites et toujours disponibles, telles que des vidéos YouTube pour accompagner les vidéos de cours en ligne. + J'aime utiliser les cours universitaires. ## Interview Process & General Interview Prep @@ -469,7 +511,7 @@ I made a mobile-first website so I could review on my phone and tablet, wherever Make your own for free: - [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [My flash cards database](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required by Google. +- [My flash cards database](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required by Google. **Note on flashcards:** The first time you recognize you know the answer, don't mark it as known. You have to see the same card and answer it several times correctly before you really know it. Repetition will put that knowledge deeper in @@ -703,7 +745,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - binary search using recursion - ### Bitwise operations - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - [ ] Good intro: @@ -732,7 +774,6 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input ## Trees - ### Trees - Notes & Background - - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) - basic tree construction - traversal @@ -961,7 +1002,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - when it is appropriate to use it - how is tail recursion better than not? - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) - ### Object-Oriented Programming - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) @@ -1248,7 +1289,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the Video Series section. - [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: - review: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - flow: 1. Understand the problem and scope: - define the use cases, with interviewer's help @@ -1378,7 +1419,7 @@ Challenge sites: - [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) - [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) - [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) Maybe: - [Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) @@ -1621,7 +1662,6 @@ You're never really done. - [ ] [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - ### Garbage collection - - [ ] [Garbage collection (Java); Augmenting data str (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) - [ ] [Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) @@ -1958,7 +1998,7 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) +- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) - [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) @@ -1999,7 +2039,7 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=9D558D49CA734A02) +- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) - [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) diff --git a/translations/README-he.md b/translations/README-he.md index 067b904..cd9351b 100644 --- a/translations/README-he.md +++ b/translations/README-he.md @@ -1,11 +1,74 @@ +# Coding Interview University +
+

על מה מדובר כאן?

+

+בהתחלה, זאת היתה רשימה קצרה של נושאי לימוד כדי להיות מהנדס תוכנה, אבל עם הזמן הפרוייקט צמח להיות מה שאפשר לראות כיום. +לאחר סיום תוכנית הלימודים הזאת, +התקבלתי לעבוד כמפתח תוכנה באמזון! +את\אתה כנראה לא תצטרכו ללמוד באותה כמות שאני למדתי. בכל אופן כל מה שאתם זקוקים לו נמצא פה.

+

+למדתי בין 8-12 שעות ביום, למשך מספר חודשים. זהו הסיפור שלי: + למה למדתי במשרה מלאה למשך שמונה חודשים בשביל ראיון עבודה בגוגל. +

+

אנא שימו לב: את\ה לא צריכים ללמוד באותה הכמות שאני למדתי. בזבזתי זמן רב על דברים שלא הייתי צריך לדעת. מידע נוסף על כך בהמשך. אני .אעזור לך לסיים מבלי לבזבז את זמנכם היקר +

+

הפריטים ברשימה המובאת כאן יכינו אותך לראיון טכני פחות או יותר בכל חברת טכנולוגיה, כולל הענקיות: אמזון, פייסבוק, גוגל ומייקרוסופט.

+
+

שיהיה המון בהצלחה!

+
-## על מה מדובר כאן? -זוהי התוכנית הפעולה אותה הגיתי על מנת להפוך בהצלחה ממפתח אתרים, ללא תואר במדעי המחשב, למהנדס תוכנה בחברת גוגל. -![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) - -רשימת המשימות הארוכה המצורפת להלן, הוצאה מקובץ האימון האישי אותו מפרסמת גוגל לעזור למועמדים פוטנציאליים **Google's coaching notes**. לפני שאתם מתחילים במשימה ישנם מספר דברים שעליכם לדעת. -ישנם מספר דברים בתחתית הרשימה שמעוד יועילו בהכנה לראיון עצמו לאחר שצלחתם את חומר הלימוד, -על מנת לפתור את הבעיות המוצגות בראיון ביעילות. +
+
+

+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

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+ Special thanks to: +

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+ +

+ Simplify +
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+ Applying to jobs? Autofill all your applications in 1-click. +

+
+
+ Stop manually re-entering your information. Simplify’s extension helps you autofill jobs & internship applications on millions of sites. +
+ +

+
+

+ +

+ OSS Capital +
+
+ Founded in 2018, OSS Capital is the first and only venture capital platform focused
exclusively on supporting early-stage COSS (commercial open source) startup founders. +
+ +

+
+

+ +

+ Gitpod +
+
+

+ Dev environments built for the cloud +

+
+
+ Natively integrated with GitLab, GitHub, and Bitbucket, Gitpod automatically and continuously prebuilds dev environments for all your branches. As a result team members can instantly start coding with fresh dev environments for each new task - no matter if you are building a new feature, want to fix a bug, or work on a code review. +
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+
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חלק גדול מהתכנים לקוחים מהאתר המצויין של סטיב יגיי: המשרה הזו בגוגל? שלך! "[Get that job at Google](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)" @@ -182,7 +245,7 @@ I'm using Github's special markdown flavor, including tasks lists to check progr `git commit -m "Marked x" ` -`git rebase jwasham/master ` +`git rebase jwasham/main ` `git push --force ` @@ -190,9 +253,9 @@ I'm using Github's special markdown flavor, including tasks lists to check progr ## Get in a Googley Mood -Print out a "[future Googler](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf)" sign (or two) and keep your eyes on the prize. +Print out a "[future Googler](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/future-googler.pdf)" sign (or two) and keep your eyes on the prize. -[![future Googler sign](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/Screen_Shot_2016_10_04_at_10_13_24_AM-1475601104364.png)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf) +[![future Googler sign](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/Screen_Shot_2016_10_04_at_10_13_24_AM-1475601104364.png)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/future-googler.pdf) ## האם קיבלתי את העבודה? @@ -463,7 +526,7 @@ I made a mobile-first website so I could review on my phone and tablet, wherever Make your own for free: - [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [My flash cards database](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required by Google. +- [My flash cards database](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required by Google. **Note on flashcards:** The first time you recognize you know the answer, don't mark it as known. You have to see the same card and answer it several times correctly before you really know it. Repetition will put that knowledge deeper in @@ -697,7 +760,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - binary search using recursion - ### Bitwise operations - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - [ ] Good intro: @@ -726,7 +789,6 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input ## Trees - ### Trees - Notes & Background - - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) - basic tree construction - traversal @@ -955,7 +1017,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - when it is appropriate to use it - how is tail recursion better than not? - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) - ### Object-Oriented Programming - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) @@ -1242,7 +1304,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the Video Series section. - [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: - review: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - flow: 1. Understand the problem and scope: - define the use cases, with interviewer's help @@ -1372,7 +1434,7 @@ See [Book List above](#book-list) - [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) - [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) - [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) ראיונות דמה: - [Pramp - להתאמן בראיונות קידוד עם אחרים, בחינם](https://www.pramp.com/) @@ -1616,7 +1678,6 @@ You're never really done. - [ ] [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - ### Garbage collection - - [ ] [Garbage collection (Java); Augmenting data str (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) - [ ] [Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) @@ -1953,7 +2014,7 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) +- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) - [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) @@ -1994,7 +2055,7 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=9D558D49CA734A02) +- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) - [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) diff --git a/translations/README-hi.md b/translations/README-hi.md index 8e27ef1..0a7dd74 100644 --- a/translations/README-hi.md +++ b/translations/README-hi.md @@ -1,21 +1,74 @@ # कोडिंग साक्षात्कार विश्वविद्यालय ->मैं मूल रूप से इसे एक सॉफ़्टवेयर इंजीनियर बनने के लिए अध्ययन विषयों की एक छोटी-छोटी सूची के रूप में बनाया था, लेकिन यह आज की बड़ी सूची में बढ़ी है। इस अध्ययन योजना के माध्यम से जाने के बाद, [मुझे अमेज़ॅन पर सॉफ़्टवेयर डेवलपमेंट इंजीनियर के रूप में काम पर रखा गया है !](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by->amazon/?src=ciu) आपको संभवतः जितना मैंने किया उतना ही पढ़ना नहीं होगा। वैसे भी, आपको जो भी चाहिए वह यहां है +>मैने मूल रूप से इसे एक सॉफ़्टवेयर इंजीनियर बनने के लिए अध्ययन विषयों की एक छोटी सी सूची के रूप में बनाया था, लेकिन यह आज एक बड़ी सूची में बढ़ी है। इस अध्ययन योजना के माध्यम से जाने के बाद, [मुझे अमेज़ॅन पर सॉफ़्टवेयर डेवलपमेंट इंजीनियर के रूप में काम पर रखा गया है !](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by->amazon/?src=ciu) आपको संभवतः जितना मैंने किया उतना नहीं पढ़ना होगा। वैसे भी, आपको जो भी चाहिए वह यहां है > >यहां सूचीबद्ध आइटम आपको किसी साफ्टवेयर कंपनी के बारे में साक्षात्कार में अच्छी तरह से तैयार करेंगे, जिनमें दिग्गज, अमेज़ॅन, फेसबुक, गूगल या माइक्रोसॉफ्ट शामिल हैं। > >आपको शुभकामनाएं! +
+
+

+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

+

+ Special thanks to: +

+

+ +

+ Simplify +
+
+

+ Applying to jobs? Autofill all your applications in 1-click. +

+
+
+ Stop manually re-entering your information. Simplify’s extension helps you autofill jobs & internship applications on millions of sites. +
+ +

+
+

+ +

+ OSS Capital +
+
+ Founded in 2018, OSS Capital is the first and only venture capital platform focused
exclusively on supporting early-stage COSS (commercial open source) startup founders. +
+ +

+
+

+ +

+ Gitpod +
+
+

+ Dev environments built for the cloud +

+
+
+ Natively integrated with GitLab, GitHub, and Bitbucket, Gitpod automatically and continuously prebuilds dev environments for all your branches. As a result team members can instantly start coding with fresh dev environments for each new task - no matter if you are building a new feature, want to fix a bug, or work on a code review. +
+ +

+
+
+ ## यह क्या है? यह एक बड़ी कंपनी के लिए सॉफ्टवेयर इंजीनियर को वेब डेवलपर (स्वयं सिखाया, कोई सीएस डिग्री नहीं) से जाने के लिए मेरी बहु-महीने की अध्ययन योजना है -![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) +![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) यह नए सॉफ़्टवेयर इंजीनियरों या सॉफ़्टवेयर / वेब विकास से सॉफ़्टवेयर इंजीनियरिंग (जहां कंप्यूटर साइंस ज्ञान आवश्यक है) से स्विच करने के लिए है। यदि आपके पास कई वर्षों का अनुभव है और कई वर्षों के सॉफ्टवेयर इंजीनियरिंग अनुभव का दावा कर रहे हैं, तो एक कठिन साक्षात्कार की अपेक्षा करें। -यदि आपके पास सॉफ्टवेयर / वेब विकास के कई सालों का अनुभव है, तो ध्यान दें कि सॉफ्टवेयर, वेब डेवलपमेंट से भिन्न Google, अमेज़ॅन, फेसबुक और माइक्रोसॉफ्ट दृश्य सॉफ्टवेयर इंजीनियरिंग जैसी बड़ी सॉफ्टवेयर कंपनियों और उन्हें कंप्यूटर साइंस ज्ञान की आवश्यकता होती है। +यदि आपके पास सॉफ्टवेयर / वेब विकास के कई सालों का अनुभव है, तो ध्यान दें कि Google, अमेज़ॅन, फेसबुक और माइक्रोसॉफ्ट जैसी बड़ी सॉफ्टवेयर कंपनियों की दृष्टि में सॉफ्टवेयर इंजीनियरिंग सॉफ्टवेयर/वेब डेवलपमेंट से भिन्न है , और उन्हें कंप्यूटर साइंस ज्ञान की आवश्यकता होती है। + +यदि आप एक विश्वसनीय इंजीनियर या सिस्टम इंजीनियर बनना चाहते हैं, तो वैकल्पिक सूची (नेटवर्किंग, सुरक्षा) से अधिक जानें। -यदि आप एक विश्वसनीयता इंजीनियर या सिस्टम इंजीनियर बनना चाहते हैं, तो वैकल्पिक सूची (नेटवर्किंग, सुरक्षा) से अधिक जानें। -चाहिए --- ## अनुक्रमणिका @@ -42,11 +95,10 @@ - [क़ु](#queue) - [हैश टेबल](#hash-table) - [अधिक जानकारी](#more-knowledge) - - [एन्दिंनेस](#endianness) - [बाइनरी सर्च](#binary-search) - [बिट-वाईस ऑपेरशन](#bitwise-operations) - [ट्रीज](#trees) - - [ट्रीज पृष्टभूमि और तिपनिया](#trees---notes--background) + - [ट्रीज पृष्टभूमि और टिप्पणियाँ](#trees---notes--background) - [बाइनरी सर्च ट्री: BST](#binary-search-trees-bsts) - [हीप / प्रायोरिटी क्यू / बाइनरी हीप](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) - [ट्राइस](#tries) @@ -60,7 +112,7 @@ - [Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) - [NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) - [गार्बेज कलेक्शन](#garbage-collection) - - [काशेस](#caches) + - [Caches](#caches) - [प्रोसेस और थ्रेड](#processes-and-threads) - [System Design, Scalability, Data Handling](#system-design-scalability-data-handling) - [Papers](#papers) @@ -72,13 +124,13 @@ - [Scheduling](#scheduling) - [Implement system routines](#implement-system-routines) - [String searching & manipulations](#string-searching--manipulations) -- [आखरी समीक्षा](#final-review) +- [आखिरी समीक्षा](#final-review) - [पुस्तकें](#books) -- [कोडिंग अभ्यास/चुनौतियों](#coding-exerciseschallenges) +- [कोडिंग अभ्यास/चुनौतियाँ](#coding-exerciseschallenges) - [एक बार जब आप इंटरव्यू के करीब हो](#once-youre-closer-to-the-interview) - [आपका रिज्यूमे](#आपका-रिज्यूमे) - [इंटरव्यू की सोंच](#be-thinking-of-for-when-the-interview-comes) -- [इन्तेर्विएवर के लिए प्रश्न रखे](#have-questions-for-the-interviewer) +- [इंटरव्यूअर के लिए प्रश्न रखे](#have-questions-for-the-interviewer) - [अतिरिक्त पढाई (जरुरत नहीं)](#additional-learnings-not-required) - [इनफार्मेशन थ्योरी](#information-theory) - [पारिटी और हैमिंग कोड](#parity--hamming-code) @@ -87,7 +139,7 @@ - [संक्षिप्तीकरण](#compression) - [नेटवर्किंग](#networking) - [संगणक सुरक्षा](#computer-security) - - [परैल्लेल प्रोग्रामिंग](#parallel-programming) + - [पैरेलल प्रोग्रामिंग](#parallel-programming) - [Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems) - [Fast Fourier Transform](#fast-fourier-transform) - [ब्लूम फ़िल्टर](#bloom-filter) @@ -103,24 +155,24 @@ - [Discrete math](#discrete-math) - [मशीन लर्निंग](#मशीन-लर्निंग) - [गो](#गो) -- [कुछ विषयोकी अधिक जानकारी](#कुछ-विषयोकी-अधिक-जानकारी) +- [कुछ विषयो की अधिक जानकारी](#कुछ-विषयोकी-अधिक-जानकारी) - [विडियो शृखला](#विडियो-शृखला) - [जब आपको नौकरी मिल जाये](#जब-आपको-नौकरी-मिल-जाये) --- -## इसका उपयोग क्यू करे? +## इसका उपयोग क्यों करे? -मैंने जब ये परियोजना शुरू की, तब मैं स्टैक और हीप में फरक नहीं जनता था, मुजे नहीं पता था की Big-O क्या हे, ट्रीज क्या हे, या ग्राफ को पार कैसे करते हैं. अगर मुजे छाटने का अल्गोरिथम लिखना पड़ता तो मैं आपको ये बता सकता हु के वो इतना ख़ास नहीं होगा. जो भी डाटा स्ट्रक्चर का मैंने उपयोग किया वो भाषा में समाविष्ट था, और वो कैसे काम करता हे उसकी कोई जानकारी मुजे नहीं थी. मुजे कभी मेमोरी का संचालन नहीं करता पड़ा, जबतक मेरी चलाई कोई प्रोसेस "out of -memory" का एरर न दे, और तब मुजे कोई वैकल्पिक हल धुन्दाना पड़ता था. मैंने मेरी जिन्दगी में बहोत कम मुल्ती-डायमेंशनल ऐरे और बहोत सारे अस्सोसिअतिव् ऐरे का उपयोग किया हे, पर मैंने कोई भी डाटा स्ट्रक्चर शुरू से नहीं लिखा था. -पर इस अध्ययन योजना का उपयोग करने बाद मेरा नौकरी लगाने का आत्मविश्वास बहोत बढ़ा हें. यह एक लम्बी योजना हें. यह मेरे लिए बहोत महीनोतक चलेगी. अगर आपको ईंमैसे कुछ पता हैं तो आपको कम वक्त लगेगा. +मैंने जब ये परियोजना शुरू की, तब मैं स्टैक और हीप में फर्क नहीं जानता था, मुझे नहीं पता था की Big-O क्या हे, ट्रीज क्या हे, या ग्राफ को पार कैसे करते हैं. अगर मुझे छाटने का अल्गोरिथम लिखना पड़ता तो मैं आपको ये बता सकता हु कि वो इतना ख़ास नहीं होगा. जो भी डाटा स्ट्रक्चर का मैंने उपयोग किया वो भाषा में समाविष्ट था, और वो कैसे काम करता हे उसकी कोई जानकारी मुझे नहीं थी. मैं कभी मेमोरी का संचालन नहीं करता, जब तक मेरी चलाई कोई प्रोसेस "out of +memory" का एरर न दे, और तब मुझे कोई वैकल्पिक हल ढूँढनाा पड़ता था. मैंने मेरी जिन्दगी में बहुत कम मल्टी-डायमेंशनल ऐरे और बहोत सारे associative ऐरे का उपयोग किया हे, पर मैंने कोई भी डाटा स्ट्रक्चर शुरू से नहीं लिखा था. +पर इस अध्ययन योजना का उपयोग करने बाद मेरा नौकरी लगने का आत्मविश्वास बहुत बढ़ा हें. यह एक लम्बी योजना हें. यह मेरे लिए बहुत महीनो तक चली. अगर आपको इनमें से कुछ पता हैं तो आपको कम वक्त लगेगा. ## इसका कैसे उपयोग करे? नीचे सब कुछ एक रूपरेखा है, और आप ऊपर से नीचे के क्रम में पढ़े. -मैं गितहब के विशेष मार्कडाउन का उपयोग कर रहा हूँ, प्रगति की जाँच करने के लिए कार्य सूचियों का प्रयोग करे. +मैं गिटहब के विशेष मार्कडाउन का उपयोग कर रहा हूँ, प्रगति की जाँच करने के लिए कार्य सूचियों का प्रयोग करे. - [x] एक नई शाखा बनाएँ ताकि आप इस तरह की वस्तुओं की जांच कर सकते हैं, बस कोष्ठक में एक एक्स डाले: [x] @@ -128,7 +180,7 @@ memory" का एरर न दे, और तब मुजे कोई वै ## कभी भी आप चालाक नहीं हो ऐसा ना सोचो -- सफल सॉफ्टवेयर इंजीनियर चालाक होते हें, पर बहुत लोगो असुरक्षा होती है की वो चालाक नहीं हैं ! +- सफल सॉफ्टवेयर इंजीनियर चालाक होते हें, पर बहुत लोगो को असुरक्षा होती है किी वो चालाक नहीं हैं ! - [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) ## विडियो संसाधनों के बारे में @@ -139,7 +191,7 @@ memory" का एरर न दे, और तब मुजे कोई वै I'd appreciate your help converting the MOOC video links to public sources to replace the online course विडियो over time. I like using university lectures. -## इंटरव्यू प्रकिया और साधारण इंटरव्यू तयारी +## इंटरव्यू प्रकिया और साधारण इंटरव्यू तैयारी [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) @@ -152,18 +204,18 @@ memory" का एरर न दे, और तब मुजे कोई वै ## इंटरव्यू के लिए एक संगणक भाषा चुने -इंटरव्यू मैं आप कोंसिभी एक भाषा जिसमे आप आरामदायक हो वो चुन सकते हैं, पर गूगल के लिए निम्नलिखित भाषाएँ अच्छी रहेगी: +इंटरव्यू में आप कोई भी एक भाषा जिसमे आप आरामदायक हो वो चुन सकते हैं, पर गूगल के लिए निम्नलिखित भाषाएँ अच्छी रहेगी: - C++ - Java - Python -आप निम्न्लिहित भाषाएँ भी चुन सकते हैं, पर उन्हें सावधानीसे चुने +आप निम्नलिखित भाषाएँ भी चुन सकते हैं, पर उन्हें सावधानी से चुने - JavaScript - Ruby -आपको भाषा में बहुत सहज होना चाहिए और जानकार होना चाहिए। +आपको भाषा में बहुत सहज होना चाहिए और जानकारी होनी चाहिए। विकल्पों के बारे में अधिक पढ़ें: @@ -172,14 +224,14 @@ memory" का एरर न दे, और तब मुजे कोई वै [भाषा संसाधनोंको यहाँ देखें](programming-language-resources.md) -क्युकी में मैं पढ़ रहा हूँ, आपको कुछ C, C++, और Python शामिल दिखेगा. वहाँ कुछ शामिल किताबें, नीचे आखिर में देख ले. +क्योकि में मैं पढ़ रहा हूँ, आपको कुछ C, C++, और Python शामिल दिखेगा. वहाँ कुछ शामिल किताबें, नीचे आखिर में देख ले. ## पुस्तक सूची यह मैंने जो इस्तेमाल किया था उससे छोटी सूची है यह आपको समय बचाने के लिए संक्षिप्त है ### इंटरव्यू प्रेप - [ ] प्रोग्रामिंग साक्षात्कार का खुलासा: आपकी अगली नौकरी, दूसरी संस्करण को लैंडिंग करने के लिए रहस्य - - सी ++ और जावा में जवाब + - C++ और java में जवाब - यह कोडिंग साक्षात्कार के लिए क्रैकिंग के लिए एक अच्छा वार्म-अप है - बहुत मुश्किल नहीं है, सबसे अधिक समस्याएं आपको साक्षात्कार में जो दिखाई दे रही हैं उससे अधिक आसान हो सकती हैं (मैंने जो पढ़ा है) - [ ] कोडिंग साक्षात्कार, 6 वें संस्करण @@ -296,16 +348,16 @@ memory" का एरर न दे, और तब मुजे कोई वै इस सूची में कई महीनों से वृद्धि हुई है, और हाँ, यह एक तरह से हाथ से बाहर हो गयी हैं -निचे कुछ गलतिया हैं जो मैंने की हैं तो आपका अनुभव बेहतर होगा +नीचे कुछ गलतिया हैं जो मैंने की हैं तो आपका अनुभव बेहतर होगा ### १. आपसे यह सब याद नहीं होगा -मैंने घंटो वीडिय के विडियो देखे और टिप्पणिया लिखी, और महीनो बाद मुजे कुछ याद नहीं रहा. सबकी समीक्षा करने के लिए मैंने 3 दिन मेरी तिप्पनिओयो और flashcards बनाने में बितायें +मैंने घंटो वीडियो के विडियो देखे और टिप्पणिया लिखी, और महीनो बाद मुझे कुछ याद नहीं रहा. सबकी समीक्षा करने के लिए मैंने 3 दिन मेरी टिप्पणीयो और flashcards बनाने में बितायें कृपया पढ़ें तो आप मेरी गलतियां नहीं करेंगे: [कंप्यूटर विज्ञान ज्ञान को बनाए रखना](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) -### २. फ्लाश्कार्ड्स का उपयोग कीजिये +### २. फ़्लैशकार्ड्स का उपयोग कीजिये इस समस्या को हल करने के लिए, मैंने एक छोटे से फ्लैशकार्ड साइट बनाई जहां मैं 2 प्रकार के फ्लैशकार्ड जोड़ सकता था: सामान्य और कोड प्रत्येक कार्ड के पास भिन्न स्वरूपण है। @@ -313,8 +365,8 @@ memory" का एरर न दे, और तब मुजे कोई वै अपना खुद का मुफ्त बनाएं: - [फ़्लैशकार्ड साइट रेपो] (https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) - - [मेरे फ़्लैश कार्ड डेटाबेस (पुराने - 1200 कार्ड) :](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db) - - [मेरा फ़्लैश कार्ड डेटाबेस (नया - 1800 कार्ड) :](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db) + - [मेरे फ़्लैश कार्ड डेटाबेस (पुराने - 1200 कार्ड) :](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db) + - [मेरा फ़्लैश कार्ड डेटाबेस (नया - 1800 कार्ड) :](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db) ध्यान रखें मैं जहाज़ के ऊपर गया और विधानसभा भाषा और पायथन तुल्यता से लेकर मशीन सीखने और आंकड़ों तक सब कुछ कवर करने वाले कार्ड हैं। इसकी आवश्यकता के लिए यह बहुत अधिक है @@ -338,7 +390,7 @@ memory" का एरर न दे, और तब मुजे कोई वै ## इसमे क्या समाविष्ट नहीं हे -यह बड़ी सूचि गूगल इंटरव्यू टिप्पणियों से व्यक्तिगत कार्य सूचि से बनायीं गयी थी. निचे कुछ प्रचलित टेक्नोलॉजी हैं पर उन्हें टिप्पणियो में समविस्ट नहीं किया गया हैं. +यह बड़ी सूचि गूगल इंटरव्यू टिप्पणियों से व्यक्तिगत कार्य सूचि से बनायीं गयी थी. निचे कुछ प्रचलित टेक्नोलॉजी हैं पर उन्हें टिप्पणियो में समाविस्ट नहीं किया गया हैं. - SQL - Javascript @@ -346,9 +398,9 @@ memory" का एरर न दे, और तब मुजे कोई वै ## दैनिक योजना -कुछ विषय एक दिन ले सकते हैं और कुछ ज्यादा.कुचो का सिर्फ पढाई हो सकती हैं पर अमल नहीं हो सकता. +कुछ विषय एक दिन ले सकते हैं और कुछ ज्यादा. कुछो की सिर्फ पढाई हो सकती हैं पर अमल नहीं हो सकता. -हर दिन मैं निचली सूचि से एक विषय लेता हु, उसका विडियो देखता हु, और उसका अमल निचे दिए तरह करता हूँ: +हर दिन मैं निचली सूची से एक विषय लेता हूँ, उसका विडियो देखता हूँ, और उसका अमल नीचे दिए तरह करता हूँ: - C - struct और function का उपयोग करके जो  struct * या args का  उपयोग करते हैं. - C++ - built-in types का उपयोग न करके - C++ - built-in types का उपयोग करके, जैसे STL की std::list, linked list के लिए @@ -358,7 +410,7 @@ memory" का एरर न दे, और तब मुजे कोई वै आपको इन सभी की ज़रूरत नहीं है साक्षात्कार के लिए आपको केवल एक ही भाषा की आवश्यकता है इन सब में कोड क्यों? -- अभ्यास, अभ्यास, अभ्यास, जब तक मैं इससे बीमार न हो, और यह कोई समस्या नहीं कर सकता (कुछ बहुत बढ़िया मामलों और याद रखने के लिए बहीखाता विवरण) +- अभ्यास, अभ्यास, अभ्यास, जब तक मैं इससे बीमार न हो, और यह कोई समस्या नहीं कर सकता (कुछ बहुत बढ़िया मामलों और याद रखने के लिए बही-खाता विवरण) - कच्ची बाधाओं के भीतर काम करना (कचरा संग्रहण की सहायता के बिना स्मृति को आवंटित करना / मुक्त करना (पायथन को छोड़कर)) - अंतर्निहित प्रकारों का उपयोग करें, इसलिए मुझे वास्तविक दुनिया के उपयोग के लिए निर्मित उपकरणों का उपयोग करने का अनुभव है (उत्पादन में अपनी स्वयं की लिंक्ड सूची कार्यान्वयन नहीं लिखना) @@ -371,14 +423,14 @@ memory" का एरर न दे, और तब मुजे कोई वै आपको हर एल्गोरिथम याद करने की आवश्यकता नहीं है। -एक व्हाईटबोर्ड या कागज़ पर कोड लिखें, कंप्यूटर नहीं। कुछ नमूना इनपुट के साथ टेस्ट करें फिर इसे कंप्यूटर पर जांचें +एक व्हाइटबोर्ड या कागज़ पर कोड लिखें, कंप्यूटर नहीं। कुछ नमूना इनपुट के साथ टेस्ट करें फिर इसे कंप्यूटर पर जांचें ## पूर्वाभ्यास ज्ञान - [ ] **C जानें** - सी हर जगह है आप पुस्तकों, व्याख्यान, वीडियो, हर जगह जब आप पढ़ रहे हैं, में उदाहरण देखेंगे। - [ ] [सी प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा, खंड 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) - - यह एक छोटी पुस्तक है, लेकिन यह आपको सी भाषा पर एक महान संभाल देगा और यदि आप इसे थोड़ा अभ्यास करते हैं तो आपको जल्दी से कुशल मिलेगा। समझना सी आपको यह समझने में मदद करता है कि प्रोग्राम और मेमोरी कैसे काम करते हैं + - यह एक छोटी पुस्तक है, लेकिन यह आपको सी भाषा पर एक महान संभाल देगा और यदि आप इसे थोड़ा अभ्यास करते हैं तो आपको जल्दी से कुशल मिलेगा। सी आपको यह समझने में मदद करता है कि प्रोग्राम और मेमोरी कैसे काम करते हैं - [सवालों के जवाब](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) - [ ] **कंप्यूटर एक प्रोग्राम की प्रक्रिया कैसे करते हैं:** @@ -549,7 +601,7 @@ memory" का एरर न दे, और तब मुजे कोई वै - binary search using recursion - ### Bitwise operations - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - [ ] Good intro: @@ -578,7 +630,6 @@ memory" का एरर न दे, और तब मुजे कोई वै ## Trees - ### Trees - Notes & Background - - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (विडियो)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) - [ ] [Series: Trees (विडियो)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) - basic tree construction - traversal @@ -901,7 +952,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - when it is appropriate to use it - how is tail recursion better than not? - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - - [ ] [Tail Recursion (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (विडियो)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) - ### Dynamic Programming - This subject can be pretty difficult, as each DP soluble problem must be defined as a recursion relation, and coming up with it can be tricky. @@ -960,7 +1011,6 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - Pages 1048 - 1140 in CLRS if you have it. - ### Garbage collection - - [ ] [Garbage collection (Java); Augmenting data str (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) - [ ] [Compilers (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) - [ ] [GC in Python (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) @@ -1123,7 +1173,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the Video Series section. - [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: - review: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - flow: 1. Understand the problem and scope: - define the use cases, with interviewer's help @@ -1365,21 +1415,21 @@ Take coding challenges every day, as many as you can. - [ ] [Great intro (copied from System Design section): Algorithm design:](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) - [ ] [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) - [ ] [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) -- [ ] [टॉपकोड़ेर्स के लिए गणित](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) +- [ ] [टॉपकोडर्स के लिए गणित](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) - [ ] [डायनामिक प्रोग्रामिंग – नौसिखिया से उन्नत](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) - [MIT इंटरव्यू सामग्री](https://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) - - [लीतकोड](https://leetcode.com/) + - [लीटकोड](https://leetcode.com/) - [टॉप कोडर](https://www.topcoder.com/) - - [प्रोजेक्ट यूलेर (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) - - [कोदवार](http://www.codewars.com) + - [प्रोजेक्ट यूलर (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) + - [कोडवॉर ](http://www.codewars.com) - [हैकररैंक](https://www.hackerrank.com/) - [कोदिलिटी](https://codility.com/programmers/) - [इंटरव्यूकेक](https://www.interviewcake.com/) - - [इंटरव्यूबिट](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) + - [इंटरव्यूबिट](https://www.interviewbit.com) - - [प्र्ग्रम्मिंग लैंग्वेज में सुधार करने के लिए](http://exercism.io/languages) + - [प्रोग्रामिंग लैंग्वेज में सुधार करने के लिए](http://exercism.io/languages) ## Once you're closer to the interview @@ -1396,31 +1446,31 @@ Take coding challenges every day, as many as you can. ## इंटरव्यू की सोंच - निचे दिए गए विषयो के साथ साथ, अपने २० इंटरव्यू प्रश्न तयार रखे. हर एक प्रश्न के २-३ जवाब तयार रखे. आपने जो हासिल किया हे उसकी कहानी रखे. + निचे दिए गए विषयो के साथ साथ, अपने २० इंटरव्यू प्रश्न तैयार रखे. हर एक प्रश्न के २-३ जवाब तैयार रखे. आपने जो हासिल किया हे उसकी कहानी रखे. -- आपको ये नौकरी क्यू चाहिए? +- आपको ये नौकरी क्यूँ चाहिए? - आपने कौनसी एक कठिन समस्या हल की हैं? -- आपकी सबसे बढ़ी चुनोतिया कोनसी थी? -- आपने देखि हुए सर्वोतम और बुरी संरचनाये? +- आपकी सबसे बड़ी चुनौतियां कोनसी थी? +- आपने देखी हुई सर्वोतम और बुरी संरचनाये? - किसी मौजूदा गूगल उत्पाद में सुधार के लिए विचार. - आप अपना काम सर्वोत्तम कैसे कर सकते हो, टीम के साथ या एकेले? -- आपकी कोनसी कुशलता या अनुभव आपके भूमिका में मदतगार होंगे? +- आपकी कोनसी कुशलता या अनुभव आपके भूमिका में मददगार होंगे? - आपने [जॉब क्ष / प्रोजेक्ट य] में सबसे ज्यादा किससे आनद मिला? - आपकी सबसे बड़ी [जॉब क्ष/ प्रोजेक्ट य] की चुनोती जिसे आपको सामना करना पड़ा? - [जॉब क्ष / प्रोजेक्ट य] में से सबसे बड़ा बग? - आपने [जॉब क्ष / प्रोजेक्ट य] में क्या सिखा? - [जॉब क्ष / प्रोजेक्ट य] में आप क्या सुधार कर सकते थे/ करना चाहते थे? -## इन्तेर्विएवर के लिए प्रश्न रखे +## इंटरव्यूअर के लिए प्रश्न रखे - मेरे कुछ प्रश्न (मुजे पहिलेसेही कुछ जवाब बता हे पर मैं टीम की राय जानना चाहता हूँ): + मेरे कुछ प्रश्न (मुझे पहले से ही कुछ जवाब पता है पर मैं टीम की राय जानना चाहता हूँ): - आपकी टीम कितनी बड़ी हैं? - आपकी डेव साइकिल कैसी हैं? क्या आपको वॉटरफॉल/स्प्रिंट/एजाइल पता हैं? - क्या काम के पीछे भागना पड़ता हैं? या लचीलापन हैं? - आपकी टीम मैं निर्णय कैसे लिए जाते हैं? - हर सप्ताह आपकी कितनी बैठके होती हैं? -- क्या आपका काम का मौहोल काम करने मैं मदत करता हैं? +- क्या आपका काम का माहौल काम करने मैं मदद करता हैं? - आप किसपे काम करते हो? - आपको उसमे क्या पसंद हैं? - आपका काम जीवन कैसा हैं? @@ -1622,7 +1672,7 @@ Take coding challenges every day, as many as you can.    - [ ] पुस्तके:        - [ ] [गो प्रोग्रामिंग का परिचय (ऑनलाइन मुफ्त पढ़े)](https://www.golang-book.com/books/intro)        - [ ] [गो प्रोग्रामिंग लैंग्वेज (दोनोवन & केर्निघन)](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Addison-Wesley-Professional-Computing/dp/0134190440) -    - [ ] [बूतकाम्प](https://www.golang-book.com/guides/bootcamp) +    - [ ] [बूटकैंप ](https://www.golang-book.com/guides/bootcamp) -- @@ -1671,7 +1721,7 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "netflix and skill" :P - [ ] [कंप्यूटर विज्ञान ७०, ००१ – वसंत २०१५ - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics (१९ विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) +- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics (१९ विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) - [ ] CSE373 - एल्गोरिदम का विश्लेषण (२५ विडियो) - [एल्गोरिथ्म डिजाइन मैनुअल से Skiena व्याख्यान](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) @@ -1712,7 +1762,7 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "netflix and skill" :P - [ ] [क्रिप्टोग्राफ़ी का परिचय](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2aHkqB2-46k&feature=youtu.be) - [श्रृंखला में अधिक (क्रम में नहीं)](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1usFRN4LCMcfIV7UjHNuQg) -- [ ] [विशाल डेटासेट खनन – स्तान्फोर्ड विश्वविद्यालय(९४ विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) +- [ ] [विशाल डेटासेट खनन – स्टैनफोर्ड विश्वविद्यालय(९४ विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) ## शायद @@ -1724,8 +1774,8 @@ http://www.gainlo.co/ - बड़ी कंपनी के मोक इंटर बधाई हो! -- [१० बाते काश मुज्हे गूगल के पाहिले दिन पता होती](https://medium.com/@moonstorming/10-things-i-wish-i-knew-on-my-first-day-at-google-107581d87286#.livxn7clw) +- [१० बाते काश मुझे गूगल के पहले दिन पता होती](https://medium.com/@moonstorming/10-things-i-wish-i-knew-on-my-first-day-at-google-107581d87286#.livxn7clw) सिखाते रहो. -वास्तव में आपकी पढाई कभी ख़तम नहीं होती. +वास्तव में आपकी पढाई कभी ख़त्म नहीं होती. diff --git a/translations/README-id.md b/translations/README-id.md index e4e2b24..30c202d 100644 --- a/translations/README-id.md +++ b/translations/README-id.md @@ -1,24 +1,72 @@ # Coding Interview University -Version original: [Bahasa Inggris](README.md) +Versi asli: [Bahasa Inggris](../README.md) + +
+
+

+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

+

+ Special thanks to: +

+

+ +

+ Simplify +
+
+

+ Applying to jobs? Autofill all your applications in 1-click. +

+
+
+ Stop manually re-entering your information. Simplify’s extension helps you autofill jobs & internship applications on millions of sites. +
+ +

+
+

+ +

+ OSS Capital +
+
+ Founded in 2018, OSS Capital is the first and only venture capital platform focused
exclusively on supporting early-stage COSS (commercial open source) startup founders. +
+ +

+
+

+ +

+ Gitpod +
+
+

+ Dev environments built for the cloud +

+
+
+ Natively integrated with GitLab, GitHub, and Bitbucket, Gitpod automatically and continuously prebuilds dev environments for all your branches. As a result team members can instantly start coding with fresh dev environments for each new task - no matter if you are building a new feature, want to fix a bug, or work on a code review. +
+ +

+
+
## Ringkasan apa ini? -Ini adalah ringkasan studi saya selama beberapa bulan dari web developer (otodidak, tanpa gelar sarjana informatika) hingga menjadi *software engineer Google*. +Ini adalah rencana studi multi-bulan saya untuk beralih dari pengembang web (otodidak, tanpa gelar Ilmu Komputer) menjadi insinyur perangkat lunak untuk perusahaan besar. -![Menulis kode di papan tulis - dikutip dari serial TV Silicon Valley oleh HBO](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) +![Menulis kode di papan tulis - dikutip dari serial TV Silicon Valley oleh HBO](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) -Saya telah mengupas catatan **Google's Coaching Note** dan berikut adalah hal-hal penting dari catatan tersebut. Ada beberapa poin yang saya tambahkan pada bagian akhir yang mungkin muncul dalam wawancara atau dapat berguna dalam proses penyelesaian masalah. -Banyak poin berasal dari artikel Steve Yegge "[Get that job at Google](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)" yang berisi poin-poin dari **Google's Coaching Note**. +Ini dimaksudkan untuk **teknisi perangkat lunak baru** atau mereka yang beralih dari pengembangan perangkat lunak/web ke rekayasa perangkat lunak (yang memerlukan pengetahuan ilmu komputer). +Jika Anda memiliki pengalaman bertahun-tahun dan mengklaim pengalaman rekayasa perangkat lunak bertahun-tahun, nantikan wawancara yang lebih sulit. -Saya sudah meringkas poin-poin penting menurut saran dari Yegge. Saya juga mengubah beberapa rekomendasinya berdasarkan informasi yang saya dapatkan dari kontak saya di Google. Pedoman ini ditujukan untuk *software engineer* baru dan mereka yang ingin beralih profesi dari *web developer* menjadi *software engineer* (dimana ilmu komputer diperlukan). +Jika Anda memiliki pengalaman pengembangan perangkat lunak/web selama bertahun-tahun, perhatikan bahwa perusahaan perangkat lunak besar seperti Google, Amazon, Facebook, dan Microsoft memandang rekayasa perangkat lunak berbeda dari pengembangan perangkat lunak/web, dan mereka memerlukan pengetahuan ilmu komputer. -Jika Anda mengaku memiliki pengalaman bertahun-tahun dalam rekayasa perangkat lunak, bersiaplah untuk wawncara yang jauh lebih sulit. -[Baca lebih lanjut](https://googleyasheck.com/what-you-need-to-know-for-your-google-interview-and-what-you-dont/). - -Jika Anda memiliki pengalaman sebagai developer software/web, catat bahwa Google memandang *software engineer* berbeda dari *developer software/web* karena *software engineer* menggunakan ilmu komputer. - -Jika Anda ingin menjadi teknisi ketahanan sistem atau teknisi sistem, lebih banyak pelajari pada bagian tambahan (jaringan, keamanan). +Jika Anda ingin menjadi insinyur keandalan atau insinyur operasi, pelajari lebih lanjut dari daftar opsional (jaringan, keamanan). --- @@ -27,9 +75,7 @@ Jika Anda ingin menjadi teknisi ketahanan sistem atau teknisi sistem, lebih bany - [Apa ini?](#ringkasan-apa-ini) - [Mengapa menggunakan ini?](#mengapa-menggunakan-ini) - [Bagaimana cara menggunakannya](#bagaimana-cara-menggunakannya) -- [Masuk ke Mode Googley](#masuk-ke-mode-googley) - [Jangan merasa anda kurang pintar](#jangan-merasa-anda-kurang-pintar) -- [Tentang Google](#tentang-google) - [Tentang Sumber Video](#tentang-sumber-video) - [Proses Interview dan Preparasi Wawancara Secara Umum](#proses-interview-dan-preparasi-wawancara-secara-umum) - [Pilih Satu Bahasa Pemrograman untuk Wawancara](#pilih-satu-bahasa-pemrograman-untuk-wawancara) @@ -45,16 +91,14 @@ Jika Anda ingin menjadi teknisi ketahanan sistem atau teknisi sistem, lebih bany - [Stack](#stack) - [Queue](#queue) - [Hash table](#hash-table) -- [Pengetahauan Tambahan](#pengetahuan-tambahan) - - [Binary search](#binary-search) +- [Lebih Banyak Pengetahuan](#lebih-banyak-pengetahuan) + - [Pencarian Biner](#pencarian-biner) - [Operasi Bitwise](#operasi-bitwise) - [Trees](#trees) - [Trees - Catatan & Latar Belakang](#trees---catatan--latar-belakang) - [Binary search trees: BSTs](#binary-search-trees-bsts) - - [Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) - - balanced search trees (konsep dasar, tidak mendalam) - - traversals: preorder, inorder, postorder, BFS, DFS -- [Sorting](#sorting) + - [Heap / Prioritas Antrian / Biner Heap](#heap-/-prioritas-antrian-/-biner-heap) +- [Penyortiran](#penyortiran) - selection - insertion - heapsort @@ -66,51 +110,52 @@ Jika Anda ingin menjadi teknisi ketahanan sistem atau teknisi sistem, lebih bany - adjacency matrix - adjacency list - traversals: BFS, DFS -- [Pengetahuan Tambahan Lainnya](#pengetahuan-tambahan-lainnya) - - [Rekursi](#rekursi) - - [Pemrograman Berbasis Objek](#pemrograman-berbasis-objek) - - [Pola Desain](#pola-desain) - - [Kombinatorik (n pilih k) & Probabilitas](#kombinatorik-n-pilih-k--probabilitas) - - [NP, NP-Lengkap dan Algoritma Aproksimasi](#np-np-lengkap-dan-algoritma-aproksimasi) - - [Caches](#caches) - - [Proses dan Threads](#proses-dan-threads) - - [Tesis](#tesis) +- [Bahkan Lebih Banyak Pengetahuan](#bahkan-lebih-banyak-pengetahuan) + - [Pengulangan (Recursion)](#pengulangan-(recursion)) + - [Pemrograman Dinamis](#pemrograman-dinamis) + - [Pemrograman Berorientasi Objek](#pemrograman-berorientasi-objek) + - [Pola desain (Design patterns)](#pola-desain-(design-patterns)) + - [Kombinatorik (n pilih k) & Probabilitas](#kombinatorik-(n-pilih-k)-&-probabilitas) + - [Algoritma NP, NP-Complete dan Approximation](#algoritma-np,-np-complete-dan-approximation) + - [Cache](#cache) + - [Proses dan Thread](#proses-dan-thread) - [Testing](#testing) - [Penjadwalan](#penjadwalan) - - [Implementasi Rutinitas Sistem](#implementasi-rutinitas-sistem) - - [Pencarian String & Manipulasi](#pencarian-string--manipulasi) -- [Perancangan Sistem, Skalabilitas, Penganganan Data](#perancangan-sistem-skalabilitas-penanganan-data) (jika anda memiliki pengalaman 4 tahun lebih) + - [Pencarian & manipulasi string](#pencarian-&-manipulasi-string) + - [Tries](#tries) + - [Angka Floating Point](#angka-floating-point) + - [Unicode](#unicode) + - [Endianness](#endianness) + - [Jaringan](#jaringan) +- [Perancangan Sistem, Skalabilitas, Penganganan Data](#Perancangan-Sistem,-Skalabilitas,-Penganganan-Data) (jika anda memiliki pengalaman 4 tahun lebih) - [Ulasan Akhir](#ulasan-akhir) - [Latihan Pertanyaan Pemrograman](#latihan-pertanyaan-pemrograman) -- [Soal-soal Pemrograman](#soal-soal-pemrograman) +- [Latihan / tantangan coding](#latihan--tantangan-coding) - [Menjelang Proses Interview](#menjelang-proses-interview) -- [CV Anda](#cv-anda) -- [Perkirakan Pertanyaan Yang Akan Diajukan](#perkirakan-pertanyaan-yang-akan-diajukan) +- [Resume Anda](#resume-anda) +- [Pikirkan saat wawancara datang](#pikirkan-saat-wawancara-datang) - [Bertanyalah Pada Pewawancara](#bertanyalah-pada-pewawancara) - [Saat Anda Berhasil Mendapatkan Pekerjaannya](#saat-anda-berhasil-mendapatkan-pekerjaannya) ---------------- Semua dibawah ini bersifat opsional ---------------- - [Buku Tambahan](#buku-tambahan) -- [Materi Tambahan](#materi-tambahan) - - [Pemrograman Dinamis](#pemrograman-dinamis) +- [Pembelajaran Tambahan](#pembelajaran-tambahan) - [Kompilator](#kompilator) - - [Bilangan Titik Mengambang](#bilangan-titik-mengambang) - - [Unicode](#unicode) - - [Endianness](#endianness) - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) - [Unix command line tools](#unix-command-line-tools) - - [Teori Informasi](#teori-informasi) + - [Teori Informasi](#teori-informasi-video) - [Pariti & Kode Hamming](#pariti--kode-hamming) - [Entropi](#entropi) - [Kriptografi](#kriptografi) - [Kompresi](#kompresi) - [Jaringan](#jaringan) (bersiaplah mendapatkan pertanyaan jaringan apabila anda ingin menjadi system engineer) - - [Sekuritas Komputer](#sekuritas-komputer) - - [Garbage collection](#garbage-collection) + - [Keamanan komputer](#keamanan-komputer) + - [Pengumpulan sampah (Garbage collection)](#pengumpulan-sampah) - [Pemrograman Paralel](#pemrograman-paralel) - [Pengiriman Pesan, Serialisasi, dan Sistem Queueing](#pengiriman-pesan-serialisasi-dan-sistem-queueing) - - [Fast Fourier Transform](#fast-fourier-transform) + - [A*](#a) + - [Transformasi Fourier Cepat](#transformasi-fourier-cepat) - [Bloom Filter](#bloom-filter) - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) @@ -128,18 +173,19 @@ Jika Anda ingin menjadi teknisi ketahanan sistem atau teknisi sistem, lebih bany - B-Trees - [k-D Trees](#k-d-trees) - [Skip lists](#skip-lists) - - [Network Flows](#network-flows) + - [Aliran Jaringan](#aliran-jaringan) - [Disjoint Sets & Union Find](#disjoint-sets--union-find) - [Matematika untuk Pemrosesan Cepat](#matematika-untuk-pemrosesan-cepat) - [Treap](#treap) - - [Pemrograman Linear](#pemrograman-linear) - - [Geometri, Convex hull](#geometri-convex-hull) + - [Pemrograman Linear](#pemrograman-linear-video) + - [Geometri, Convex hull](#geometri-convex-hull-video) - [Matematika Diskrit](#matematika-diskrit) - - [Pembelajaran Mesin](#pembelajaran-mesin) - - [Go](#go) -- [Detil Tambahan pada Beberapa Subjek](#detil-tambahan-pada-beberapa-subjek) + - [Pembelajaran Mesin](#pembelajaran-mesin-machine-learning) +- [Detail Tambahan tentang Beberapa Subjek](#detail-tambahan-tentang-beberapa-subjek) - [Seri Video](#seri-video) - [Kursus Ilmu Komputer](#kursus-ilmu-komputer) +- [Implementasi Algoritma](#implementasi-algoritma) +- [Dokumen](#dokumen) --- @@ -147,10 +193,7 @@ Jika Anda ingin menjadi teknisi ketahanan sistem atau teknisi sistem, lebih bany Saya mengikuti rencana ini untuk mempersiapkan saya dalam menghadapi wawancara kerja Google. Sejak 1997, saya telah menciptakan berbagai situs, servis, dan mendirikan startup. Saya memiliki gelar ekonomi, bukan gelar ilmu komputer. Saya telah meraih kesuksesan dalam karir saya, tapi saya ingin bekerja di Google. Saya ingin masuk ke sistem yang lebih besar dan mempunyai pemahaman mendalam tentang sistem komputer, efesiensi algoritma, performa struktur data, bahasa tingkat rendah, dan bagaimana semuanya bekerja. Jika anda tidak mengetahui satu pun, Google tidak akan mempekerjakan anda. -Ketika saya memulai proyek ini, saya tidak tahu tentang stack dari sebuah heap, tidak tahu tentang notasi Big-O apapun, begitupula dengan struktur data trees, atau bagaimana menyusuri sebuah graph. Jika saya harus menulis algoritma penyortiran, saya bisa katakan pada anda bahwa hasilnya tidak akan memuaskan. -Setiap struktur data yang saya pernah pakai sudah tertanam dalam bahasa yang saya gunakan, dan saya tidak tahu bagaimana mereka bekerja secara riil. Saya tidak pernah diharuskan untuk mengatur penggunaan memori kecuali proses yang saya jalankan akan memberikan error 'memori tidak cukup', sehingga saya harus mencari jalan keluarnya. Saya pernah menggunakan beberapa array multidimensi dalam hidup saya dan ribuan array asosiatif, tapi saya tidak pernah menciptakan struktur data dari nol. - -Tetapi setelah menjalani rencana studi ini saya memiliki kepercayaan diri yang tinggi bahwa saya akan diterima. Ini adalah rencana yang panjang. Ini akan menyita waktu saya selama berbulan-bulan. Tetapi jika anda sudah tidak asing lagi dengan materi yang dibutuhkan, hal ini akan membutuhkan waktu jauh lebih sedikit. +Itu rencana yang panjang. Mungkin butuh waktu berbulan-bulan. Jika Anda sudah terbiasa dengan hal ini, Anda akan membutuhkan lebih sedikit waktu. ## Bagaimana cara menggunakannya? @@ -173,162 +216,109 @@ Saya menggunakan markdown spesial dari Github, termasuk daftar tugas untuk menge `git add . ` -`git commit -m "Marked x" ` +`git commit -m "Tandai x" ` -`git rebase jwasham/master ` +`git rebase jwasham/main ` `git push --force ` [Lebih jauh tentang markdown Github](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) -## Masuk ke Mode Googley - -Print satu atau beberapa foto dari "[future Googler](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf)" (untuk ditempel tentunya) sebagai reminder anda apa hasil usaha yang anda akan dapatkan. - -[![future Googler sign](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/Screen_Shot_2016_10_04_at_10_13_24_AM-1475601104364.png)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf) - ## Jangan merasa anda kurang pintar - Para engineers/programmer di google adalah orang-orang pintar, tapi banyak dari mereka berpikir bahwa mereka tidak cukup pintar, walaupun mereka bekerja di Google. - [Mitos dari programmer yang jenius](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) - [Hal yang berbahaya untuk pergi sendirian: Bertarung dengan monster yang tidak kelihatan di dunia teknologi](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) -## Tentang Google - -- [ ] Untuk pelajar - [Google Careers: Technical Development Guide](https://www.google.com/about/careers/students/guide-to-technical-development.html) -- [ ] Bagaimana Pencari Bekerja: - - [ ] [The Evolution of Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTBShTwCnD4) - - [ ] [How Search Works - the story](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/) - - [ ] [How Search Works](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/) - - [ ] [How Search Works - Matt Cutts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNHR6IQJGZs) - - [ ] [How Google makes improvements to its search algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5RZOU6vK4Q) -- [ ] Seri: - - [ ] [How Google Search Dealt With Mobile](https://backchannel.com/how-google-search-dealt-with-mobile-33bc09852dc9) - - [ ] [Google's Secret Study To Find Out Our Needs](https://backchannel.com/googles-secret-study-to-find-out-our-needs-eba8700263bf) - - [ ] [Google Search Will Be Your Next Brain](https://backchannel.com/google-search-will-be-your-next-brain-5207c26e4523) - - [ ] [The Deep Mind Of Demis Hassabis](https://backchannel.com/the-deep-mind-of-demis-hassabis-156112890d8a) -- [ ] [Book: How Google Works](https://www.amazon.com/How-Google-Works-Eric-Schmidt/dp/1455582344) -- [ ] [Made by Google announcement - Oct 2016 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4y0KOeXViI) - ## Tentang Sumber Video -Beberapa video hanya dapat diakses dengan mengikuti kelas di [Coursera](https://www.coursera.org/), [Edx](https://www.edx.org/), atau [Lynda.com](https://www.lynda.com/). Beberapa link tersebut biasa disebut MOOC (massive open online course) atau belajar online, seperti layaknya anda berkuliah biasa namun bedanya ini online dan diikuti oleh banyak orang dari seluruh dunia. -Terkadang suatu saat kelas yang ada tidak dapat diikuti untuk sementara, dan harus menunggu beberapa bulan. Karena kelas tersebut ada waktunya dalam pembelajaran, dan ada waktunya untuk mendaftar, layaknya anda berkuliah. Khusus untuk Lynda.com merupakan situs yang berbayar untuk mengakses materinya. - - Selain saya membagikan ilmu kepada kalian semua, saya juga mengapresiasi bantuan anda untuk menambahkan sumber pembelajaran yang gratis dan selalu terbuka untuk umum, seperti video di youtube untuk sebagai selingan dari kuliah online dari website yang disebutkan diatas. - Saya suka menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasiskan universitas. +Beberapa video hanya tersedia dengan mendaftar di kelas Coursera atau EdX. Ini disebut MOOC. +Terkadang kelas tidak dalam sesi jadi Anda harus menunggu beberapa bulan, jadi Anda tidak memiliki akses. + + Saya menghargai bantuan Anda untuk menambahkan sumber publik yang gratis dan selalu tersedia, seperti video YouTube untuk menyertai video kursus online. + Saya suka menggunakan kuliah universitas. ## Proses Interview dan Preparasi Wawancara Secara Umum -- [ ] Video: - - [ ] [How to Work at Google: Prepare for an Engineering Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ko-KkSmp-Lk) - - [ ] [How to Work at Google: Example Coding/Engineering Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKu_SEDAykw) - - [ ] [How to Work at Google - Candidate Coaching Session (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWbUtlUhwa8&feature=youtu.be) - - [ ] [Google Recruiters Share Technical Interview Tips (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qc1owf2-220&feature=youtu.be) - - [ ] [How to Work at Google: Tech Resume Preparation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8npJLXkcmu8) - -- [ ] Artikel: - - [ ] [Becoming a Googler in Three Steps](http://www.google.com/about/careers/lifeatgoogle/hiringprocess/) - - [ ] [Get That Job at Google](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html) - - semua hal-hal yang dia sebutkan itu sudah terdaftar dibawah dan kamu harus tahu - - [ ] _(very dated)_ [How To Get A Job At Google, Interview Questions, Hiring Process](http://dondodge.typepad.com/the_next_big_thing/2010/09/how-to-get-a-job-at-google-interview-questions-hiring-process.html) - - [ ] [Phone Screen Questions](http://sites.google.com/site/steveyegge2/five-essential-phone-screen-questions) - -- [ ] Materi kelas untuk persiapan: - - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): - - Learn how to make yourself ready for software engineer interviews from a former Google interviewer. - -- [ ] Tambahan (tidak disarankan oleh Google tapi saya tambahkan sendiri): - - [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) - - [ ] [Four Steps To Google Without A Degree](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/four-steps-to-google-without-a-degree-8f381aa6bd5e#.asalo1vfx) - - [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) - - [ ] [How Google Thinks About Hiring, Management And Culture](http://www.kpcb.com/blog/lessons-learned-how-google-thinks-about-hiring-management-and-culture) - - [ ] [Effective Whiteboarding during Programming Interviews](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) - - [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: - - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) - - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) - - [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4: - - [ ] ['How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft' (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) - - [ ] [Failing at Google Interviews](http://alexbowe.com/failing-at-google-interviews/) +- [ ] [ABC: Selalu Menjadi Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) +- [ ] [Papan tulis (Whiteboarding)](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) +- [ ] [Memperlihatkan Perekrutan Teknologi](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] Cara Mendapatkan Pekerjaan di Big 4: + - [ ] [Cara Mendapatkan Pekerjaan di Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) +- [ ] Memecahkan Set Wawancara Coding 1: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Memecahkan The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Memecahkan Wawancara Coding dengan Penulis Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] Memecahkan Wawancara Coding Facebook: + - [ ] [Pendekatan](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) + - [ ] [Panduan Masalah](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) +- [ ] Kursus Persiapan: + - [ ] [Wawancara Insinyur Perangkat Lunak Unleashed (kursus berbayar)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): + - Pelajari cara mempersiapkan diri Anda untuk wawancara insinyur perangkat lunak dari mantan pewawancara Google. + - [ ] [Python untuk Struktur Data, Algoritma, dan Wawancara (kursus berbayar)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - Kursus persiapan wawancara sentris Python yang mencakup struktur data, algoritma, wawancara tiruan, dan banyak lagi. + - [ ] [Pengantar Struktur Data dan Algoritma menggunakan Python (kursus gratis Udacity)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): + - Kursus algoritme dan struktur data sentris Python gratis. + - [ ] [Struktur Data dan Algoritma Nanodegree! (Nanodegree berbayar Udacity)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): + - Dapatkan praktik langsung dengan lebih dari 100 struktur data dan latihan algoritme serta panduan dari mentor yang berdedikasi untuk membantu mempersiapkan Anda untuk wawancara dan skenario di tempat kerja. + - [ ] [Grokking Interview Perilaku (Kursus gratis edukatif)](https://www.educative.io/courses/grokking-the-behavioral-interview): + - Sering kali, bukan kompetensi teknis Anda yang menahan Anda untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan impian Anda, melainkan bagaimana Anda melakukan wawancara perilaku. ## Pilih Satu Bahasa Pemrograman untuk Wawancara -Saya menulis artikel pendek tentang topik hal tersebut: [Penting:Pilih Satu Bahasa Pemrograman untuk wawancara dengan Google](https://googleyasheck.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-google-interview/) (Penting: Pilih Satu Bahasa Pemrograman untuk wawancara dengan Google) - -Anda dapat menggunakan sebuah bahasa pemrograman yang nyaman bagi anda untuk melaksanakan salah satu bagian wawancara yaitu sesi mengkoding, tapi bagi Google, berikut adalah beberapa pilihan: +Anda dapat menggunakan bahasa yang Anda sukai untuk melakukan bagian pengkodean dalam wawancara, tetapi untuk perusahaan besar, ini adalah pilihan yang tepat: - C++ - Java - Python -Anda juga dapat menggunakan beberapa bahasa pemrograman berikut, tapi cari informasi dahulu tentang hal ini, karena mungkin ada kualifikasi khusus: +Anda juga bisa menggunakan ini, tapi bacalah dulu. Mungkin ada peringatan: - JavaScript - Ruby -Anda harus sangat nyaman dan memahami bahasa yang akan digunakan untuk wawancara tersebut. +Berikut adalah artikel yang saya tulis tentang memilih bahasa untuk wawancara: [Pilih Satu Bahasa untuk Wawancara Coding](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/). -Baca lebih banyak tentang pilihan: +Anda harus sangat nyaman dalam bahasa tersebut dan berpengetahuan luas. + +Baca lebih lanjut tentang pilihan: - http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ - http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ -- https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-best-language-to-program-in-for-an-in-person-Google-interview -[Lihat beberapa sumber bahasa pemrograman disini](programming-language-resources.md) +[Lihat sumber bahasa di sini](../programming-language-resources.md) -Anda akan melihat beberapa C, C++, dan Python di cantumkan di link dibawah, karena saya juga sedang belajar. Ada beberapa buku juga diikutkan dalam list dibawah ini, lihat bagian bawah. +Anda akan melihat beberapa pembelajaran C, C++, dan Python yang disertakan di bawah ini, karena saya sedang belajar. Ada beberapa buku yang terlibat, lihat bagian bawah. ## Daftar Buku Ini adalah daftar pendek yang saya gunakan. Ini disingkat untuk menghemat waktu Anda. -### Interview Prep +### Persiapan Interview -- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 4th Edition](https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Programming+Interviews+Exposed%3A+Coding+Your+Way+Through+the+Interview%2C+4th+Edition-p-9781119418481) - jawaban di C++ and Java - direkomendasikan di Google candidate coaching - ini adalah pemanasan yang baik untuk Cracking the Coding Interview - tidak terlalu sulit, kebanyakan masalah mungkin lebih mudah daripada apa yang akan anda lihat dalam sebuah wawancara (dari apa yang saya baca) - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - jawaban in Java - - direkomendasikan di the [Google Careers site](https://www.google.com/about/careers/how-we-hire/interview/) - - Jika kamu melihat orang-orang mereferensikan "The Google Resume", itu adalah sebuah buku yang diganti oleh "Cracking the Coding Interview". -Jika anda memiliki banyak waktu: +### Jika anda memiliki banyak waktu: -- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) - - semua kode adalah di C++, sangat bagus jika anda menggunakan C++ di wawancara anda. - - sebuah buku yang bagus mengenai pemecahan masalah secara umum. +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (versi C++)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [ ] Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version) + - [book](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) -### Computer Architecture +### Bahasa Spesifik -Jika kekurangan waktu: +**Anda harus memilih sebuah bahasa pemgrograman untuk wawancara (lihat diatas).** -- [ ] [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) - - Buku ini dirilis pada tahun 2004, dan agak ketinggalan jaman, tetapi dengan sumber daya yang hebat bisa untuk memahami komputer secara singkat. - - Penulis menemukan HLA, sehingga menyebutkan dan memberi contoh di HLA dengan sebutir garam. Tidak banyak digunakan, tapi contoh yang baik seperti apa assembly itu. - - Bab-bab ini patut dibaca untuk memberikan dasar yang baik: - - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation - - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations - - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation - - Chapter 5 - Character Representation - - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access - - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects - - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture - - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture - - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization - -Jika anda punya banyak waktu (Saya ingin buku ini): - -- [ ] [Computer Architecture, Fifth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/012383872X/) - - Untuk orang kaya, lebih up-to-date (2011), tapi dengan pemeliharaan jangka panjang - -### Language Specific - -**Anda harus memilih sebuah bahasa pemgrograman untuk wawancara (lihat diatas).** Berikut adalah rekomendasi bahasa dari saya. Saya tidak memiliki sumber daya untuk semua bahasa. Saya menyambut penambahan. +Berikut adalah rekomendasi bahasa dari saya. Saya tidak memiliki sumber daya untuk semua bahasa. Saya menyambut penambahan. Jika meskipun anda membaca salah satu dari ini, anda harus memiliki semua pengetahuan struktur data dan algoritma, anda harus mulai melakukan pemecahan masalah koding. **Anda dapat melewati semua video ceramah di proyek ini**, kecuali jika anda ingin sebuah review. -[Additional language-specific resources here.](programming-language-resources.md) +[Sumber daya khusus bahasa tambahan di sini.](../programming-language-resources.md) ### C++ @@ -336,86 +326,42 @@ Saya belum membaca keduanya. tapi mereka dinilai sangat bagus dan ditulis oleh S - [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) - [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) +- [ ] [Open Data Structures in C++](https://opendatastructures.org/ods-cpp.pdf) + - Kumpulan Struktur dan Algoritma Data yang kaya dan terperinci + - Bagus untuk pemula Jika anda memiliki rekomendasi yang lebih baik untuk C++, tolong beritahu saya. Mencari sumber daya yang komprehensif. ### Java -- [ ] [Algorithms (Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) - - video dengan buku (dan Sedgewick!): - - [Algorithms I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=2) - - [Algorithms II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=3&view=50&sort=dd) +- [ ] [Algoritma (Sedgewick dan Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - video dengan konten buku (dan Sedgewick!) di coursera: + - [Algoritma I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [Algoritma II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) -OR: +Atau: -- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) +- [ ] [Struktur Data dan Algoritma di Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) - oleh Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - digunakan sebagai teks opsional untuk kursus pengenalan CS di UC Berkeley - lihat laporan buku saya pada versi Python dibawah. Buku ini mencakup topik-topik yang sama. ### Python -- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) +- [ ] [Struktur Data dan Algoritma dengan Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) - oleh Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - Saya mencintai buku ini. Mencakup segala hal dan lainnya. - kode Pythonic - laporan buku saya: https://googleyasheck.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ - - -### Optional Books - -**Beberapa orang merekomendasikan ini, tapi saya pikir itu akan berlebihan, kecuali jika anda punya pengalaman di software engineering bertahun-tahun dan mengharapkan sebuah wawancara yang jauh lebih sulit** - -- [ ] [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) - - Sebagai sebuah review dan pengenalan masalah - - Bagian katalog algoritma adalah luar lingkup yang baik saat anda mendapatkan kesulitan di wawancara - - Buku ini mempunyai 2 bagian: - - class textbook on data structures and algorithms - - pros: - - adalah sebuah review yang bagus sebagai buku algoritma - - cerita bagus dari pengalamannya memecahkan masalah dalam industri dan akademisi - - contoh kode di C - - cons: - - dapat secara penuh dan tak tertembus sebagai CLRS, dan dalam beberapa kasus, CLRS mungkin menjadi alternatif yang lebih baik untuk beberapa mata pelajaran - - bab 7, 8, 9 bisa menyakitkan untuk mencoba mengikutinya, karena beberapa item yang tidak dijelaskan dengan baik atau membutuhkan kinerja otak yang lebih daripada yang saya miliki - - jangan salah paham: Saya suka Skiena, gaya mengajarnya, dan kelakuannya, tapi aku mungkin tidak akan seperti bahan Stony Brook. - - algorithm catalog: - - ini adalah alasan nyata kamu membeli buku ini - - tentang untuk mendapatkan bagian ini. Akan diperbarui disini suatu waktu setelah saya membuat jalan melewati itu. - - Mengutip Yegge: "More than any other book it helped me understand just how astonishingly commonplace - (and important) graph problems are – they should be part of every working programmer's toolkit. The book also - covers basic data structures and sorting algorithms, which is a nice bonus. But the gold mine is the second half - of the book, which is a sort of encyclopedia of 1-pagers on zillions of useful problems and various ways to solve - them, without too much detail. Almost every 1-pager has a simple picture, making it easy to remember. This is a - great way to learn how to identify hundreds of problem types." - - Dapat menyewa di kindle - - Half.com adalah sumber daya yang besar untuk buku dengan harga yang baik. - - Jawaban: - - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition) - - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) - - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) - -- [ ] [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) - - **Penting:** Membaca buku ini hanya akan memiliki nilai yang terbatas. Buku ini adalah review besar algoritma dan struktur data, tetapi akan mengajarkan cara menulis kode yang baik. Anda harus dapat mengkode yang layak secara efisien. - - Mengutip Yegge: "But if you want to come into your interviews *prepped*, then consider deferring your application until you've made your way through that book." - - Half.com adalah sumber daya yang besar untuk buku dengan harga yang baik. - - aka CLR, terkadang CLRS, karena Stein terlambat untuk permainan. - -- [ ] [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) - - Pasangan pertama dari bab yang menyajikan solusi cerdas untuk masalah pemrogramman (beberapa sangat tua saat menggunakan tipe data) tapi itu hanya sebuah intro. Ini sebuah buku panduan tentang program desain dan arsitektur, seperti Code Complete, tapi jauh lebih pendek. - -- ~~"Algorithms and Programming: Problems and Solutions" oleh Shen~~ - - Sebuah buku yang baik, tapi setelah bekerja melalui masalah pada halaman, saya frustasi dengan Pascal, do while loops, 1-indexed arrays, dan hasil post-condition yang tidak jelas. - - Lebih suka menghabiskan waktu di masalah coding dari buku lain atau masalah coding online. - +- [ ] [Struktur Data Terbuka di Python](https://opendatastructures.org/ods-python.pdf) ## Sebelum Anda Mulai -Daftar ini tumbuh selama berbulan-bulan, dan ya, itu jenis keluaran dari tangan. +Daftar ini tumbuh selama berbulan-bulan, dan ya, menjadi sulit untuk diatur. Berikut adalah beberapa kesalahan yang saya buat sehingga anda akan memiliki pengalaman yang lebih baik. -### 1. Kamu Tidak Akan Mengingat Semuanya +### 1. Anda Tidak Akan Mengingat Semuanya Saya menonton video berjam-jam dan mengambil catatan yang berlebihan, dan beberapa bulan kemudian disana ada banyak yang tidak saya ingat. Saya menghabiskan 3 hari melalui catatan saya dan membuat flashcards sehingga saya bisa meninjaunya dengan lebih cepat. @@ -423,6 +369,8 @@ Tolong baca sehingga anda tidak akan membuat kesalahan seperti saya: [Menguasai Pengetahuan Ilmu Komputer](https://googleyasheck.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) +Sebuah kursus yang direkomendasikan kepada saya (belum pernah saya ambil): [Belajar cara Belajar](https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn). + ### 2. Menggunakan Flashcards Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, saya membuat situs flashcards kecil di mana saya bisa menambahkan flashcards dari 2 jenis: umum dan code. Setiap kartu memiliki format yang berbeda. @@ -432,8 +380,8 @@ Saya membuat sebuah mobile-first website jadi saya bisa mereview di telepon dan Membuat punya anda sendiri secara gratis: - [Repo website flashcards](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [Database flashcards saya (lama - 1200 kartu)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): -- [Database flashcards saya (baru - 1800 kartu)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): +- [Database flashcards saya (lama - 1200 kartu)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [Database flashcards saya (baru - 1800 kartu)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): Perlu diingat aku pergi keluar kapal dan memiliki kartu meliputi segala sesuatu dari bahasa assembly dan Python trivia untuk pembelajaran machine learning dan statistik. Ini terlalu banyak untuk apa yang diminta oleh Google. @@ -446,20 +394,27 @@ Ini user-friendly, yang tersedia di semua platform dan memiliki sebuah sistem cl Database flashcard saya di format Anki: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (terimakasih [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) -### 3. Review, review, review +### 3. Mulailah membuat pertanyaan wawancara coding saat Anda mempelajari struktur data dan algoritme -Aku menyimpan satu set cheat sheet pada ASCII, OSI stack, Big-O notasi, dan banyak lagi. Saya mempelajari mereka ketika saya memiliki beberapa waktu luang. +Anda perlu menerapkan apa yang Anda pelajari untuk memecahkan masalah, atau Anda akan lupa. Saya melakukan kesalahan ini. Setelah Anda mempelajari suatu topik, dan merasa nyaman dengannya, seperti daftar tertaut, buka salah satu buku wawancara pengkodean dan lakukan beberapa pertanyaan tentang daftar tertaut. +Kemudian lanjutkan ke topik pembelajaran berikutnya. Kemudian, kembali dan lakukan masalah daftar tertaut lainnya, +atau masalah rekursi, atau apa pun. Tapi tetaplah mengerjakan soal sambil belajar. +Anda tidak dipekerjakan karena pengetahuan, tetapi bagaimana Anda menerapkan pengetahuan itu. +Ada beberapa buku dan situs yang saya rekomendasikan. Lihat di sini untuk lebih lanjut: [Latihan Pertanyaan Pemrograman](#latihan-pertanyaan-pemrograman). + +### 4. Review, review, review + +Aku menyimpan satu set cheat sheet pada ASCII, OSI stack, Big-O notasi, dan banyak lagi. Saya mempelajarinya ketika saya memiliki waktu luang. Mengambil istirahat dari masalah pemgrogramman selama setengah jam dan pergi melalui flashcards anda. -### 4. Fokus +### 5. Fokus -Disana ada banyak gangguan yang dapat menyita waktu yang berharga. Fokus dan kosentrasi adalah hal yang sulit. +Ada banyak gangguan yang dapat menghabiskan waktu yang berharga. Fokus dan konsentrasi sulit. Nyalakan musik tanpa lirik dan Anda akan dapat fokus dengan baik. ## Apa yang Tidak Akan Dibahas -Daftar besar ini semua dimulai sebagai daftar to-do pribadi yang dibuat dari catatan Google interview coaching. Ini adalah -teknologi lazim mereka tetapi tidak disebutkan dalam catatan itu: +Ini adalah teknologi yang lazim tetapi bukan bagian dari rencana studi ini: - SQL - Javascript @@ -487,9 +442,9 @@ Mengapa meng-kode di semua ini? Saya mungkin tidak punya waktu untuk melakukan semua ini untuk setiap mata pelajaran, tapi saya akan mencobanya. Anda dapat melihat kode saya di sini: - - [C] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) - - [C++] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) - - [Python] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) Anda tidak perlu susah payah menghafal setiap algoritma. @@ -497,463 +452,462 @@ Menulis kode pada papan tulis atau kertas, bukan komputer. Uji dengan beberapa s ## Ilmu Prasyarat -- [ ] **Belajar C** - - C ada dimana-mana. Anda akan melihat contoh di buku, perkuliahan, video, *dimanapun* ketika kamu belajar. - - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) - - Ini adalah sebuah buku yang pendek, tapi itu akan memberikanmu sebuah pegangan yang kuat di bahasa C dan Anda akan melakukan latihan kecil - dengan secara singkat dan cakap. Memahami C akan membantu anda memahami bagaimana program dan memori itu bekerja. - - [answers to questions](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) +- [ ] **belajar C** + - C ada dimana-mana. Anda akan melihat contoh di buku, lecture, video, *di mana-mana* saat Anda belajar + - [ ] [Bahasa Pemrograman C, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - Ini adalah buku singkat, tetapi akan memberi Anda pemahaman yang baik tentang bahasa C dan jika Anda mempraktikkannya sedikit, Anda akan segera menjadi mahir. Memahami C membantu Anda memahami bagaimana program dan memori bekerja + - [Jawaban atas pertanyaan](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) -- [ ] **Bagaimana komputer memproses sebuah program:** - - [ ] [How does CPU execute program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) - - [ ] [Machine Code Instructions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2XQgpbTNE) +- [ ] **Bagaimana komputer memproses program:** + - [ ] [Bagaimana CPU menjalankan program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + - [ ] [Bagaimana komputer menghitung - ALU (video)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + - [ ] [Registers dan RAM (video)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [ ] [Central Processing Unit (CPU) (video)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [ ] [Instruksi dan Program (video)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) ## Kompleksitas Algoritma / Big-O / Analisis Asimptotik -- tidak ada untuk dilaksanakan -- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) -- [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) -- [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) + +- Tidak ada yang bisa diterapkan +- Ada banyak video di sini. Cukup tonton sampai Anda memahaminya. Anda selalu dapat kembali dan mengulas +- Jika beberapa kuliah terlalu matematis, Anda dapat melompat ke bawah dan menonton video matematika diskrit untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan latar belakang +- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Notasi Asimtotik (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [Notasi Big O (tutorial singkat umum) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [Notasi Big O (dan Omega dan Theta) - penjelasan matematika terbaik (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) - [ ] Skiena: - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [slides](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) -- [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) -- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/59) -- [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/61) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://youtu.be/VIS4YDpuP98) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://youtu.be/ca3e7UVmeUc) -- [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/63) + - [slide](https://archive.org/details/lecture2_202008) +- [ ] [Pengantar Lembut untuk Analisis Kompleksitas Algoritma](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) +- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/orders-of-growth-6PKkX) +- [ ] [Asimtotik (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/asymptotics-bXAtM) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_ca3e7UVmeUc) +- [ ] [Analisis Amortisasi (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] [Mengilustrasikan "Big O" (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/illustrating-big-o-YVqzv) - [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): - - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) - - Jika beberapa ceramah terlalu membingunkan, anda dapat melompatinya kebawah dan - tonton the discrete mathematics videos untuk mendapatkan latar belakang pengetahuan. - ## Struktur Data - ### Arrays - - Implement an automatically resizing vector. - - [ ] Description: - - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) - - [UCBerkley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://youtu.be/Wp8oiO_CZZE?t=15m32s) - - [Basic Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_04-basicArrays.mp4) - - [Multi-dim (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_05-multidimensionalArrays.mp4) - - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) - - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) - - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_06-jaggedArrays.mp4) - - [Resizing arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/03_01-resizableArrays.mp4) - - [ ] Implement a vector (mutable array with automatic resizing): - - [ ] Practice coding using arrays and pointers, and pointer math to jump to an index instead of using indexing. - - [ ] new raw data array with allocated memory - - can allocate int array under the hood, just not use its features - - start with 16, or if starting number is greater, use power of 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 - - [ ] size() - number of items - - [ ] capacity() - number of items it can hold + - Menerapkan vektor yang mengubah ukuran secara otomatis. + - [ ] Deskripsi: + - [Array (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/arrays-OsBSF) + - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Array Linear dan Multi-Dim (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (Mulailah menonton dari 15m 32s) + - [Array Dinamis (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/dynamic-arrays-EwbnV) + - [Array Bergerigi (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [ ] Menerapkan vektor (array yang bisa berubah dengan ukuran otomatis): + - [ ] Berlatih coding menggunakan array dan pointer, dan matematika pointer untuk melompat ke indeks daripada menggunakan pengindeksan. + - [ ] Array data mentah baru dengan memori yang dialokasikan + - dapat mengalokasikan array int di bawah tenda, hanya saja tidak menggunakan fitur-fiturnya + - start dengan 16, atau jika angka awal lebih besar, gunakan pangkat 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 + - [ ] size() - jumlah item + - [ ] capacity() - jumlah barang yang bisa ditampungnya - [ ] is_empty() - - [ ] at(index) - returns item at given index, blows up if index out of bounds + - [ ] at(index) - mengembalikan item pada indeks tertentu, meledak jika indeks di luar batas - [ ] push(item) - - [ ] insert(index, item) - inserts item at index, shifts that index's value and trailing elements to the right - - [ ] prepend(item) - can use insert above at index 0 - - [ ] pop() - remove from end, return value - - [ ] delete(index) - delete item at index, shifting all trailing elements left - - [ ] remove(item) - looks for value and removes index holding it (even if in multiple places) - - [ ] find(item) - looks for value and returns first index with that value, -1 if not found - - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private function - - when you reach capacity, resize to double the size - - when popping an item, if size is 1/4 of capacity, resize to half - - [ ] Time - - O(1) to add/remove at end (amortized for allocations for more space), index, or update - - O(n) to insert/remove elsewhere - - [ ] Space - - contiguous in memory, so proximity helps performance - - space needed = (array capacity, which is >= n) * size of item, but even if 2n, still O(n) + - [ ] insert(index, item) - menyisipkan item pada indeks, menggeser nilai indeks dan elemen tambahan ke kanan + - [ ] prepend(item) - dapat menggunakan sisipan di atas pada indeks 0 + - [ ] pop() - hapus dari akhir, nilai kembali + - [ ] delete(index) - hapus item pada indeks, menggeser semua elemen tertinggal ke kiri + - [ ] remove(item) - mencari nilai dan menghapus indeks yang menahannya (meskipun di banyak tempat) + - [ ] find(item) - mencari nilai dan mengembalikan indeks pertama dengan nilai itu, -1 jika tidak ditemukan + - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // fungsi pribadi + - saat Anda mencapai kapasitas, ubah ukurannya menjadi dua kali lipat + - saat memunculkan item, jika ukurannya 1/4 dari kapasitas, ubah ukurannya menjadi setengah + - [ ] Waktu + - O(1) untuk menambah/menghapus di akhir (diamortisasi untuk alokasi untuk lebih banyak ruang), indeks, atau pembaruan + - O(n) untuk memasukkan/menghapus di tempat lain + - [ ] Ruang + - berdekatan dalam memori, jadi kedekatan membantu kinerja + - ruang yang dibutuhkan = (kapasitas array, yaitu >= n)*ukuran item, tetapi meskipun 2n, tetap O(n) - ### Linked Lists - - [ ] Description: - - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) - - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation. - - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: - - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) - - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) - - [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) - - [ ] Gotcha: you need pointer to pointer knowledge: - (for when you pass a pointer to a function that may change the address where that pointer points) - This page is just to get a grasp on ptr to ptr. I don't recommend this list traversal style. Readability and maintainability suffer due to cleverness. - - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) - - [ ] implement (I did with tail pointer & without): - - [ ] size() - returns number of data elements in list - - [ ] empty() - bool returns true if empty - - [ ] value_at(index) - returns the value of the nth item (starting at 0 for first) - - [ ] push_front(value) - adds an item to the front of the list - - [ ] pop_front() - remove front item and return its value - - [ ] push_back(value) - adds an item at the end - - [ ] pop_back() - removes end item and returns its value - - [ ] front() - get value of front item - - [ ] back() - get value of end item - - [ ] insert(index, value) - insert value at index, so current item at that index is pointed to by new item at index - - [ ] erase(index) - removes node at given index - - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - returns the value of the node at nth position from the end of the list - - [ ] reverse() - reverses the list - - [ ] remove_value(value) - removes the first item in the list with this value + - [ ] Deskripsi: + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [Kode C (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) + - bukan keseluruhan video, hanya bagian tentang struct Node dan alokasi memori + - [ ] Linked List vs Array: + - [Daftar Linked List Vs Array (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9) + - [Di Dunia Nyata Linked List Vs Array (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd) + - [ ] [mengapa Anda harus menghindari linked list (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [ ] Gotcha: Anda perlu pengetahuan pointer ke pointer: + (untuk saat Anda meneruskan pointer ke fungsi yang dapat mengubah alamat tempat pointer itu menunjuk) + Halaman ini hanya untuk memahami pointer ke pointer. Saya tidak merekomendasikan gaya traversal daftar ini. Keterbacaan dan pemeliharaan menderita karena kepintaran. + - [Pointer ke Pointer](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) + - [ ] Implementasikan (saya lakukan dengan tail pointer & tanpa): + - [ ] size() - mengembalikan jumlah elemen data dalam daftar + - [ ] empty() - bool mengembalikan nilai true jika kosong + - [ ] value_at(index) - mengembalikan nilai item ke-n (mulai dari 0 untuk yang pertama) + - [ ] push_front(value) - menambahkan item ke depan daftar + - [ ] pop_front() - hapus item depan dan kembalikan nilainya + - [ ] push_back(value) - menambahkan item di akhir + - [ ] pop_back() - menghapus item akhir dan mengembalikan nilainya + - [ ] front() - dapatkan nilai barang depan + - [ ] back() - dapatkan nilai item akhir + - [ ] insert(index, value) - masukkan nilai pada indeks, maka item saat ini pada indeks tersebut ditunjuk oleh item baru pada indeks + - [ ] erase(index) - menghapus node pada indeks tertentu + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - mengembalikan nilai node pada posisi ke-n dari akhir daftar + - [ ] reverse() - membalikkan daftar + - [ ] remove_value(value) - menghapus item pertama dalam daftar dengan nilai ini - [ ] Doubly-linked List - - [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) - - No need to implement + - [Deskripsi (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/doubly-linked-lists-jpGKD) + - Tidak perlu diimplementasikan - ### Stack - - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) - - [ ] [Using Stacks Last-In First-Out (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_01-usingStacksForLast-inFirst-out.mp4) - - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. + - [ ] [Stack (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ) + - [ ] Tidak akan diterapkan. Implementasi dengan array itu sepele - ### Queue - - [ ] [Using Queues First-In First-Out(video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_03-usingQueuesForFirst-inFirst-out.mp4) - - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) + - Queue (Antrean) + - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) - - [ ] [Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_04-priorityQueuesAndDeques.mp4) - - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: - - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail - - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) + - [ ] Implementasikan menggunakan linked-list, dengan tail pointer: + - enqueue(value) - menambah nilai pada posisi di ekor + - dequeue() - mengembalikan nilai dan menghapus elemen yang paling baru ditambahkan (depan) - empty() - - [ ] Implement using fixed-sized array: - - enqueue(value) - adds item at end of available storage - - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element + - [ ] Menerapkan menggunakan array berukuran tetap: + - enqueue(value) - menambahkan item di akhir penyimpanan yang tersedia + - dequeue() - mengembalikan nilai dan menghapus elemen yang paling baru ditambahkan - empty() - full() - - [ ] Cost: - - a bad implementation using linked list where you enqueue at head and dequeue at tail would be O(n) - because you'd need the next to last element, causing a full traversal each dequeue - - enqueue: O(1) (amortized, linked list and array [probing]) - - dequeue: O(1) (linked list and array) - - empty: O(1) (linked list and array) + - [ ] Biaya: + - implementasi yang buruk menggunakan daftar tertaut di mana Anda mengantre di bagian depan + dan antrean di bagian ekor akan menjadi O(n) karena Anda memerlukan elemen di sebelah terakhir, + menyebabkan traversal penuh setiap dequeue + - enqueue: O(1) (diamortisasi, daftar tertaut dan larik [probing]) + - dequeue: O(1) (daftar dan larik tertaut) + - empty: O(1) (daftar dan larik tertaut) - ### Hash table - - [ ] Videos: - - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) - - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] Video: + - [ ] [Hashing dengan Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + - [ ] [Penggandaan Table, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Open Addressing, Hashing Kriptografi (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] [(Lanjutan) Pengacakan: Universal & Hashing Sempurna (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [(Lanjutan) Hash sempurna (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) - - [ ] Online Courses: - - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_02-understandingHashFunctions.mp4) - - [ ] [Using Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_03-usingHashTables.mp4) - - [ ] [Supporting Hashing (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_04-supportingHashing.mp4) - - [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_05-languageSupportForHashTables.mp4) - - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) - - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) - - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) - - [ ] distributed hash tables: - - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) - - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) + - [ ] Kursus Online: + - [ ] [Tabel Hash Inti (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) + - [ ] [Struktur Data (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4) + - [ ] [Masalah Buku Telepon (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/phone-book-problem-NYZZP) + - [ ] tabel hash terdistribusi: + - [Unggahan Instan dan Pengoptimalan Penyimpanan Di Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox-DvaIb) + - [Tabel Hash Terdistribusi (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/distributed-hash-tables-tvH8H) - - [ ] implement with array using linear probing - - hash(k, m) - m is size of hash table - - add(key, value) - if key already exists, update value + - [ ] Implementasikan dengan array menggunakan probing linier + - hash(k, m) - m adalah ukuran tabel hash + - add(key, value) - jika kunci sudah ada, perbarui nilai - exists(key) - get(key) - remove(key) -## More Knowledge +## Lebih Banyak Pengetahuan -- ### Binary search - - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) - - [ ] Implement: - - binary search (on sorted array of integers) - - binary search using recursion +- ### Pencarian Biner + - [ ] [Pencarian Biner (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) + - [ ] [Pencarian Biner (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] Implementkan: + - pencarian biner (pada susunan bilangan bulat yang diurutkan) + - pencarian biner menggunakan rekursi -- ### Bitwise operations - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) - - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) +- ### Operasi Bitwise + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - Anda harus mengetahui banyak pangkat 2 dari (2^1 hingga 2^16 dan 2^32) + - [ ] Dapatkan pemahaman yang sangat baik tentang memanipulasi bit dengan: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << + - [ ] [kata-kata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - [ ] Good intro: [Bit Manipulation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) - - [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) - - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) - - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) - - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) - - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) - - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) - - [ ] 2s and 1s complement - - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) - - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) - - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) - - [ ] count set bits - - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) - - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) - - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) - - [ ] round to next power of 2: - - [Round Up To Next Power Of Two](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/roundUpToNextPowerOfTwo.html) - - [ ] swap values: - - [Swap](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) - - [ ] absolute value: - - [Absolute Integer](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) + - [ ] [C Tutorial Pemrograman 2-10: Operator Bitwise (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) + - [ ] [Manipulasi Bit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) + - [ ] [Operasi Bitwise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) + - [ ] [Bithack](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) + - [ ] [Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] [Bit Hacks (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZusiKXcz_ac) + - [ ] [Operasi Praktek](https://pconrad.github.io/old_pconrad_cs16/topics/bitOps/) + - [ ] Pelengkap 2s dan 1s + - [Biner: Plus & Minus (Mengapa Kami Menggunakan Pelengkap Dua) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) + - [Pelengkap 1s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) + - [Pelengkap 2s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) + - [ ] Hitung bit set + - [4 cara untuk menghitung bit dalam satu byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + - [Hitung Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) + - [Bagaimana Menghitung Jumlah Set Bits Dalam Integer 32 Bit](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) + - [ ] Tukar nilai: + - [Tukar](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + - [ ] Nilai mutlak: + - [Integer Mutlak](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) ## Trees -- ### Trees - Notes & Background - - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) - - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) - - basic tree construction +- ### Trees - Catatan & Latar Belakang + - [ ] [Seri: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/trees-95qda) + - konstruksi pohon dasar - traversal - - manipulation algorithms - - BFS (breadth-first search) - - [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) - - level order (BFS, using queue) - time complexity: O(n) - space complexity: best: O(1), worst: O(n/2)=O(n) - - DFS (depth-first search) - - [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) - - notes: - time complexity: O(n) - space complexity: - best: O(log n) - avg. height of tree - worst: O(n) - - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) - - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) - - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + - algoritma manipulasi + - [ ] [BFS(breadth-first search) dan DFS(depth-first search) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) + - Catatan BFS: + - level order (BFS, menggunakan queue) + - kompleksitas waktu: O(n) + - kompleksitas ruang: + terbaik: O(1) + terburuk: O(n/2)=O(n) + - Catatan DFS: + - kompleksitas waktu: O(n) + - kompleksitas ruang: + terbaik: O(log n) - rata-rata. ketinggian tree + terburuk: O(n) + - dalam urutan (DFS: kiri, sendiri/self, kanan) + - pasca urutan (DFS: kiri, kanan, sendiri/self) + - pra urutan (DFS: sendiri/self, kiri, kanan) - ### Binary search trees: BSTs - - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [Series (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) + - [ ] [Ulasan Binary Search Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [Serial (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) - starts with symbol table and goes through BST applications - - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) + - [ ] [Pendahuluan (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) - C/C++: - - [ ] [Binary search tree - Implementation in C/C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) - - [ ] [BST implementation - memory allocation in stack and heap (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) - - [ ] [Find min and max element in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [Find height of a binary tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) - - [ ] [Binary tree traversal - breadth-first and depth-first strategies (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) - - [ ] [Binary tree: Level Order Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Binary search tree - Implementasi di C/C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) + - [ ] [Implementasi BST - alokasi memori di stack dan heap (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) + - [ ] [Temukan min dan max elemen dalam binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Temukan ketinggian pohon biner (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal - strategi luas-pertama dan mendalam-pertama (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) + - [ ] [Pohon biner: Level Order Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - [ ] [Binary tree traversal: Preorder, Inorder, Postorder (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [Check if a binary tree is binary search tree or not (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [Delete a node from Binary Search Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) - - [ ] [Inorder Successor in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] Implement: - - [ ] insert // insert value into tree - - [ ] get_node_count // get count of values stored - - [ ] print_values // prints the values in the tree, from min to max + - [ ] [Periksa apakah pohon biner adalah binary search tree atau bukan (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Hapus node dari Binary Search Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) + - [ ] [Penerus Berurutan di binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] Implementasikan: + - [ ] insert // masukkan nilai ke dalam pohon + - [ ] get_node_count // dapatkan hitungan nilai yang disimpan + - [ ] print_values // mencetak nilai di pohon, dari min hingga maks - [ ] delete_tree - - [ ] is_in_tree // returns true if given value exists in the tree - - [ ] get_height // returns the height in nodes (single node's height is 1) - - [ ] get_min // returns the minimum value stored in the tree - - [ ] get_max // returns the maximum value stored in the tree + - [ ] is_in_tree // mengembalikan nilai true jika nilai yang diberikan ada di pohon + - [ ] get_height // mengembalikan tinggi dalam node (tinggi node tunggal adalah 1) + - [ ] get_min // mengembalikan nilai minimum yang disimpan di pohon + - [ ] get_max // mengembalikan nilai maksimum yang disimpan di pohon - [ ] is_binary_search_tree - [ ] delete_value - - [ ] get_successor // returns next-highest value in tree after given value, -1 if none + - [ ] get_successor // mengembalikan nilai tertinggi berikutnya di pohon setelah nilai yang diberikan, -1 jika none -- ### Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap - - visualized as a tree, but is usually linear in storage (array, linked list) +- ### Heap / Prioritas Antrian / Biner Heap + - Heap (tumpukan) + - Priority Queue (Prioritas Antrian) + - Binary Heap (Biner Heap) + - divisualisasikan sebagai pohon, tetapi biasanya linier dalam penyimpanan (array, linked list) - [ ] [Heap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) - - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) - - [ ] [Naive Implementations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) - - [ ] [Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) - - [ ] [Tree Height Remark (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) - - [ ] [Basic Operations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) - - [ ] [Complete Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) + - [ ] [Pendahuluan (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) + - [ ] [Penerapan Naif (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [Pohon Biner (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) + - [ ] [Keterangan Tinggi Pohon (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) + - [ ] [Operasi Dasar (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) + - [ ] [Pohon Biner Lengkap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) - [ ] [Pseudocode (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) - - [ ] [Heap Sort - jumps to start (video)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) - - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) - - [ ] [Building a heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) - - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [Urutan Heap - lompat untuk memulai (video)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [Urutan Heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) + - [ ] [Membangun heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) + - [ ] [MIT: Heaps dan Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [CS 61B Kuliah 24: Antrian Prioritas (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) - - [ ] Implement a max-heap: + - [ ] Menerapkan sebuah max-heap: - [ ] insert - - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert - - [ ] get_max - returns the max item, without removing it - - [ ] get_size() - return number of elements stored - - [ ] is_empty() - returns true if heap contains no elements - - [ ] extract_max - returns the max item, removing it - - [ ] sift_down - needed for extract_max - - [ ] remove(i) - removes item at index x - - [ ] heapify - create a heap from an array of elements, needed for heap_sort - - [ ] heap_sort() - take an unsorted array and turn it into a sorted array in-place using a max heap - - note: using a min heap instead would save operations, but double the space needed (cannot do in-place). + - [ ] sift_up - dibutuhkan untuk memasukkan + - [ ] get_max - mengembalikan item maksimal, tanpa menghapusnya + - [ ] get_size() - mengembalikan jumlah elemen yang disimpan + - [ ] is_empty() - mengembalikan nilai true jika heap tidak berisi elemen + - [ ] extract_max - mengembalikan item maksimal, menghapusnya + - [ ] sift_down - dibutuhkan untuk extract_max + - [ ] remove(i) - menghapus item pada indeks i + - [ ] heapify - membuat heap dari larik elemen, dibutuhkan untuk heap_sort + - [ ] heap_sort() - mengambil array yang tidak disortir dan mengubahnya menjadi array yang diurutkan di tempat menggunakan heap maks atau heap min -## Sorting +## Penyortiran -- [ ] Notes: - - Implement sorts & know best case/worst case, average complexity of each: - - no bubble sort - it's terrible - O(n^2), except when n <= 16 - - [ ] stability in sorting algorithms ("Is Quicksort stable?") - - [Sorting Algorithm Stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) - - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) - - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) - - [Sorting Algorithms - Stability](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) - - [ ] Which algorithms can be used on linked lists? Which on arrays? Which on both? - - I wouldn't recommend sorting a linked list, but merge sort is doable. - - [Merge Sort For Linked List](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) +- [ ] Catatan: + - Terapkan sort & ketahui kasus terbaik / kasus terburuk, kompleksitas rata-rata masing-masing: + - tidak ada bubble sort - ini mengerikan - O(n^2), kecuali jika n<=16 + - [ ] Stabilitas dalam algoritme pengurutan ("Apakah Quicksort stabil?") + - [Stabilitas Algoritma Penyortiran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) + - [Stabilitas Dalam Mengurutkan Algoritma](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) + - [Stabilitas Dalam Mengurutkan Algoritma](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) + - [Algoritma Pengurutan - Stabilitas](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) + - [ ] Algoritme mana yang dapat digunakan pada linked lists? Yang mana pada array? Yang mana pada keduanya? + - Saya tidak akan merekomendasikan pengurutan linked lists, tetapi penggabungan semacam bisa dilakukan. + - [Merge Sort Untuk Linked List](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) -- For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. Heap sort is great, but not stable. +- Untuk heapsort, lihat struktur data Heap di atas. Jenis heap bagus, tapi tidak stabil -- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9&index=1) - - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGOIGUYjeyk&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9&index=2) - - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvU_mIWo0Ac&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MvC1kmBza0&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XD_5iINB5GI&index=5&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Penggabungan](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort) + - [ ] [2. Mergesort dari bawah ke atas](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) + - [ ] [3. Kompleksitas Sortir](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/xAltF/sorting-complexity) + - [ ] [4. Pembanding](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/9FYhS/comparators) + - [ ] [5. Stabilitas](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) -- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M5A7qPWk84&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgVYfSyct_M&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBFzOYJ5ybM&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rejpZ2htBjE&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/vjvnC/quicksort) + - [ ] [2. Seleksi](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/UQxFT/selection) + - [ ] [3. Kunci Duplikat](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/XvjPd/duplicate-keys) + - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/QBNZ7/system-sorts) - [ ] UC Berkeley: - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EiUvYS2DT6I&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=29) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hTY3t80Qsk&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=30) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6LOLpxg6Dc&index=32&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNMQ4ly43p4&index=33&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [CS 61B Kuliah 29: Penyortiran I (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) + - [ ] [CS 61B Kuliah 30: Penyortiran II (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) + - [ ] [CS 61B Kuliah 32: Penyortiran III (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) + - [ ] [CS 61B Kuliah 33: Penyortiran V (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) - [ ] [Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [Analyzing Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [Insertion Sort, Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) -- [ ] [Insertion Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Menganalisis Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Sortir Penyisipan, Sortir Gabung (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) +- [ ] [Sortir Penyisipan (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - [ ] [Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - [ ] [Quicksort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [Selection Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Sortir Pilihan (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] Merge sort code: - - [ ] [Using output array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) - - [ ] [Using output array (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) - - [ ] [In-place (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) -- [ ] Quick sort code: - - [ ] [Implementation (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) - - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) +- [ ] Kode Merge sort: + - [ ] [Menggunakan keluaran array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) + - [ ] [Menggunakan keluaran array (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) + - [ ] [Di tempat (C ++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) +- [ ] Kode Quick sort: + - [ ] [Implementasi (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) + - [ ] [Implementasi (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) + - [ ] [Implementasi (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) -- [ ] Implement: - - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case - - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case - - Selection sort and insertion sort are both O(n^2) average and worst case - - For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. +- [ ] Implementasi: + - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) rata-rata dan kasus terburuk + - [ ] Quicksort: O(n log n) kasus rata-rata + - Sortir seleksi dan sortir penyisipan keduanya merupakan kasus rata-rata O (n ^ 2) dan terburuk + - Untuk heapsort, lihat struktur data Heap di atas -- [ ] Not required, but I recommended them: - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRzU-FWsjNU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=6) - - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtgKYmXs62w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=5) - - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pGVq_BwPKs&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=4) - - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3cYNY90R6c&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVl58kfE6i8&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=1) - - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) - - [ ] [Radix Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) - - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) +- [ ] Tidak wajib, tetapi saya merekomendasikan mereka: + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. String di Java](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) + - [ ] [2. Penghitungan Indeks Kunci](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting) + - [ ] [3. Urutan Radix String Pertama Digit Signifikan Terkecil](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [4. Urutan Radix String Pertama Digit Paling Signifikan](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [5. Radix Quicksort 3 Arah](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/crkd5/3-way-radix-quicksort) + - [ ] [6. Array Suffix](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Sortir Radix](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) + - [ ] [Sortir Radix (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [Sortir Radix, Sortir Counting (waktu linier diberikan batasan) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Pengacakan: Penggandaan Matriks, Quicksort, Algoritma Freivalds (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Menyortir dalam Waktu Linear (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) -If you need more detail on this subject, see "Sorting" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) +Sebagai ringkasan, berikut adalah representasi visual dari [15 algoritma pengurutan](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg). +Jika Anda membutuhkan detail lebih lanjut tentang subjek ini, lihat bagian "Menyortir" di [Detail Tambahan tentang Beberapa Subjek](#detail-tambahan-tentang-beberapa-subjek) ## Graphs -Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this section is long, like trees and sorting were. +Graf (Graphs) dapat digunakan untuk merepresentasikan banyak masalah dalam ilmu komputer, jadi bagian ini panjang, seperti pohon dan penyortiran. -- Notes from Yegge: - - There are three basic ways to represent a graph in memory: - - objects and pointers - - matrix - - adjacency list - - Familiarize yourself with each representation and its pros & cons - - BFS and DFS - know their computational complexity, their tradeoffs, and how to implement them in real code - - When asked a question, look for a graph-based solution first, then move on if none. +- Catatan: + - Ada 4 cara dasar untuk merepresentasikan Graf dalam memori: + - objek dan pointer + - matriks kedekatan (adjacency matrix) + - daftar kedekatan (adjacency list) + - peta kedekatan (adjacency map) + - Biasakan diri Anda dengan setiap representasi beserta pro & kontranya + - BFS dan DFS - mengetahui kompleksitas komputasi mereka, trade off mereka, dan bagaimana menerapkannya dalam kode nyata + - Saat ditanya pertanyaan, cari solusi berbasis Graf terlebih dahulu, lalu lanjutkan jika tidak ada -- [ ] Skiena Lectures - great intro: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) +- [ ] MIT (video): + - [ ] [Breadth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - [ ] [Depth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) + +- [ ] Kuliah Skiena - pengantar yang bagus: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graphs Struktur Data (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Algoritma Graph (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Algoritma Graph (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Algoritma Graph (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Algoritma Graph (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) -- [ ] Graphs (review and more): +- [ ] Graphs (ulasan dan lainnya): - - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Masalah Jalur Terpendek Sumber Tunggal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) - - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) - - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - Lecture 6 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) - - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) - - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) - - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [6.006 Mempercepat Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + - [ ] [Aduni: Algoritma Graphs I - Sortasi Topologi, Pohon Rentang Minimum, Algoritma Prim - Kuliah 6 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Aduni: Algoritma Graphs II - DFS, BFS, Algoritma Kruskal, Struktur Data Union Find - Kuliah 7 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) + - [ ] [Aduni: Algoritma Graphs III: Jalur Terpendek - Kuliah 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + - [ ] [Aduni: Algoritma Graphs IV: Pengantar algoritma geometris - Kuliah 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + - [ ] ~~[CS 61B 2014 (mulai dari 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489)~~ + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Graphs berbobot (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) + - [ ] [Algoritma Serakah: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Komponen yang Sangat Terhubung Algoritma Graphs Algoritma Kosaraju (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) -- Full Coursera Course: - - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) +- Kursus Coursera Penuh: + - [ ] [Algoritma pada Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) -- Yegge: If you get a chance, try to study up on fancier algorithms: - - [ ] Dijkstra's algorithm - see above - 6.006 - - [ ] A* - - [ ] [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) - - [ ] [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) - - [ ] [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) +- Saya akan menerapkan: + - [ ] DFS dengan daftar kedekatan (rekursif) + - [ ] DFS dengan daftar adjacency (iteratif dengan stack) + - [ ] DFS dengan matriks adjacency (rekursif) + - [ ] DFS dengan matriks adjacency (iteratif dengan stack) + - [ ] BFS dengan daftar kedekatan + - [ ] BFS dengan matriks adjacency + - [ ] jalur terpendek sumber tunggal (Dijkstra) + - [ ] pohon rentang minimum + - Algoritme berbasis DFS (lihat video Aduni di atas): + - [ ] periksa siklus (diperlukan untuk pengurutan topologi, karena kami akan memeriksa siklus sebelum memulai) + - [ ] sortir topologi + - [ ] menghitung komponen yang terhubung dalam graf + - [ ] daftar komponen yang sangat terhubung + - [ ] periksa graf bipartit -- I'll implement: - - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (recursive) - - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (iterative with stack) - - [ ] DFS with adjacency matrix (recursive) - - [ ] DFS with adjacency matrix (iterative with stack) - - [ ] BFS with adjacency list - - [ ] BFS with adjacency matrix - - [ ] single-source shortest path (Dijkstra) - - [ ] minimum spanning tree - - DFS-based algorithms (see Aduni videos above): - - [ ] check for cycle (needed for topological sort, since we'll check for cycle before starting) - - [ ] topological sort - - [ ] count connected components in a graph - - [ ] list strongly connected components - - [ ] check for bipartite graph +## Bahkan Lebih Banyak Pengetahuan -You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and the interview books +- ### Pengulangan (Recursion) + - [ ] Kuliah Stanford tentang rekursi dan backtracking: + - [ ] [Kuliah 8 | Abstraksi Pemrograman (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) + - [ ] [Kuliah 9 | Abstraksi Pemrograman (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) + - [ ] [Kuliah 10 | Abstraksi Pemrograman (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [Kuliah 11 | Abstraksi Pemrograman (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) + - Kapan saat yang tepat untuk menggunakannya? + - Bagaimana rekursi ekor lebih baik daripada tidak? + - [ ] [Apa Itu Rekursi Ekor Mengapa Sangat Buruk?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) + - [ ] [Rekursi Ekor (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) -## Even More Knowledge +- ### Pemrograman Dinamis + - Anda mungkin tidak akan melihat masalah pemrograman dinamis dalam wawancara Anda, tetapi ada baiknya mengenali masalah sebagai kandidat untuk pemrograman dinamis (Dynamic Programming). + - Subjek ini bisa sangat sulit, karena setiap masalah pemecahan masalah pemrograman dinamis harus didefinisikan sebagai relasi rekursi, dan menyelesaikannya bisa rumit. + - Saya sarankan untuk melihat banyak contoh masalah pemrograman dinamis sampai Anda memiliki pemahaman yang kuat tentang pola yang terlibat. + - [ ] Video: + - video Skiena mungkin sulit untuk diikuti karena terkadang dia menggunakan papan tulis, yang terlalu kecil untuk dilihat + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Kuliah 19 - Pengantar Pemrograman Dinamis (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Kuliah 20 - Edit Jarak (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Kuliah 21 - Contoh Pemrograman Dinamis (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Kuliah 22 - Aplikasi Pemrograman Dinamis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson: Pemrograman Dinamis 0 (dimulai pada 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson: Pemrograman Dinamis I - Kuliah 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Simonson: Pemrograman dinamis II - Kuliah 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] Daftar masalah individu Pemrograman Dinamis (masing-masing pendek): + [Pemrograman Dinamis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + - [ ] Catatan Kuliah Yale: + - [ ] [Pemrograman Dinamis](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) + - [ ] Coursera: + - [ ] [Masalah struktur sekunder RNA (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) + - [ ] [Algoritma pemrograman dinamis (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + - [ ] [Mengilustrasikan algoritma DP (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [Waktu berjalan dari algoritma DP (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP vs. implementasi rekursif (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) + - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) -- ### Recursion - - [ ] Stanford lectures on recursion & backtracking: - - [ ] [Lecture 8 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) - - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) - - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) - - when it is appropriate to use it - - how is tail recursion better than not? - - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) +- ### Pemrograman Berorientasi Objek + - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 seri (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) + - [ ] Prinsip SOLID OOP: [Prinsip SOLID (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) -- ### Object-Oriented Programming - - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) - - [ ] Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos): - - Can skip this if you have a great grasp of OO and OO design practices. - - [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] SOLID OOP Principles: - - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) - - [ ] [SOLID Design Patterns in C# (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8m4NUhTQU48oiGCSgCP1FiJEcg_xJzyQ) - - [ ] [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) - - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) - - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) - - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension for not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) - - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) - - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use - - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) - - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. - - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) - -- ### Design patterns - - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) - - [ ] Learn these patterns: +- ### Pola desain (Design patterns) + - [ ] [Ulasan UML cepat(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) + - [ ] Pelajari pola-pola ini: - [ ] strategy - [ ] singleton - [ ] adapter @@ -971,1014 +925,1046 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] iterator - [ ] composite - [ ] flyweight - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 1) - Patterns (video)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] [Series of videos (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + - [ ] [Bab 6 (Bagian 1) - Patterns (video)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) + - [ ] [Bab 6 (Bagian 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Bab 6 (Bagian 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Serial video (27 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) - - I know the canonical book is "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", but Head First is great for beginners to OO. - - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) + - Saya tahu buku kanoniknya adalah "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", tapi Head First sangat bagus untuk pemula hingga OO. + - [ ] [Referensi praktis: 101 Pola Desain & Tip untuk Pengembang](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) -- ### Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability - - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) - - [ ] [Make School: Probability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) - - [ ] [Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) + +- ### Kombinatorik (n pilih k) & Probabilitas + - [ ] [Keterampilan Matematika: Bagaimana menemukan Faktorial, Permutasi dan Kombinasi (Pilih) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [Jadikan Sekolah: Probabilitas (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + - [ ] [Jadikan Sekolah: Lebih Banyak Kemungkinan dan Rantai Markov (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) - [ ] Khan Academy: - - Course layout: - - [ ] [Basic Theoretical Probability](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) - - Just the videos - 41 (each are simple and each are short): - - [ ] [Probability Explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) + - Tata letak kursus: + - [ ] [Probabilitas Teoritis Dasar](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) + - Hanya videonya - 41 (masing-masing sederhana dan masing-masing pendek): + - [ ] [Probabilitas Dijelaskan (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) -- ### NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms - - Know about the most famous classes of NP-complete problems, such as traveling salesman and the knapsack problem, - and be able to recognize them when an interviewer asks you them in disguise. - - Know what NP-complete means. - - [ ] [Computational Complexity (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) +- ### Algoritma NP, NP-Complete dan Approximation + - Ketahui tentang kelas paling terkenal dari masalah NP-complete, seperti travelling salesman dan knapsack problem, + dan kenali mereka saat pewawancara meminta Anda secara tidak langsung. + - Ketahui arti NP-complete. + - [ ] [Kompleksitas Komputasi (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) - [ ] Simonson: - - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [Algoritme Serakah. II & Pengantar tentang NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - [ ] [NP Completeness III (Video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) - [ ] Skiena: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 23 - Introduction to NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 24 - NP-Completeness Proofs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 25 - NP-Completeness Challenge (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) - - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) - - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - Peter Norvig discusses near-optimal solutions to traveling salesman problem: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Kuliah 23 - Pengantar NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Kuliah 24 - Bukti NP-Completeness (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Kuliah 25 - Tantangan NP-Completeness (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [Kompleksitas: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) + - [ ] [Kompleksitas: Algoritma Perkiraan (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) + - [ ] [Kompleksitas: Algoritma Parameter Tetap (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - Ppeter Norvig membahas solusi yang hampir optimal untuk masalah penjual keliling: - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) - - Pages 1048 - 1140 in CLRS if you have it. + - Halaman 1048 - 1140 di CLRS jika Anda memilikinya. -- ### Caches +- ### Cache - [ ] LRU cache: - - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) - - [ ] [Implementing LRU (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) + - [ ] [Keajaiban Cache LRU (100 Hari Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) + - [ ] [Menerapkan LRU (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) - [ ] CPU cache: - - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) - - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: Hirarki Memori (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Masalah Cache (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) -- ### Processes and Threads - - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operating Systems (25 videos): - - for processes and threads see videos 1-11 - - [Operating Systems and System Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) - - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) - - Covers: - - Processes, Threads, Concurrency issues - - difference between processes and threads - - processes - - threads - - locks - - mutexes - - semaphores - - monitors - - how they work - - deadlock - - livelock - - CPU activity, interrupts, context switching - - Modern concurrency constructs with multicore processors - - Process resource needs (memory: code, static storage, stack, heap, and also file descriptors, i/o) - - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own pc, stack counter, registers, and stack) - - Forking is really copy on write (read-only) until the new process writes to memory, then it does a full copy. - - Context switching - - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware - - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) - - [ ] concurrency in Python (videos): - - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) - - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) - - [ ] [Understanding the Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) - - [reference](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) - - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) - - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) - - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) - -- ### Papers - - These are Google papers and well-known papers. - - Reading all from end to end with full comprehension will likely take more time than you have. I recommend being selective on papers and their sections. - - [ ] [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) - - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) - - [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) - - [ ] [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) - - replaced by Colossus in 2012 - - [ ] [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) - - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow? - - [ ] [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) - - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) - - [ ] [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) - - [ ] [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) - - [ ] [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) - - [ ] [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) - - [ ] [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) - - paper not available - - [ ] 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: - - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) - - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) - - [ ] 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: - - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) - - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) - - [ ] [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) - - [ ] [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) - - [ ] [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) +- ### Proses dan Thread + - [ ] Ilmu Komputer 162 - Sistem Operasi (25 video): + - untuk proses dan thread lihat video 1-11 + - [Sistem Operasi dan Pemrograman Sistem (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + - [Apa Perbedaan Antara Proses dan Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) + - Meliputi: + - Masalah Processes, Threads, Concurrency + - Perbedaan antara proses dan thread + - Processes + - Threads + - Locks + - Mutexes + - Semaphores + - Monitors + - Bagaimana cara kerjanya? + - Deadlock + - Livelock + - Aktivitas CPU, interupsi, pengalihan konteks + - Konstruksi konkurensi modern dengan prosesor multi inti + - [Paging, segmentasi, dan memori virtual (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) + - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) + - Kebutuhan resource proses (memori: kode, penyimpanan statis, stack, heap, dan juga deskriptor file, i /o) + - Kebutuhan sumber daya thread (berbagi di atas (dikurangi stack) dengan thread lain dalam proses yang sama tetapi masing-masing memiliki pc, penghitung stack, register, dan stacknya sendiri) + - Forking benar-benar menyalin saat menulis (hanya baca) hingga proses baru menulis ke memori, lalu menyalin penuh. + - Peralihan konteks + - Bagaimana peralihan konteks dimulai oleh sistem operasi dan perangkat keras yang mendasarinya? + - [ ] [thread di C ++ (seri - 10 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] Konkurensi (Concurrency) dengan Python (video): + - [ ] [Serial pendek tentang thread](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) + - [ ] [Thread Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) + - [ ] [Memahami Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) + - [referensi](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) + - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency Dari Dasar Ke Atas: LANGSUNG! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) + - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topik Menarik (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) + - [ ] [Mutex dengan Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) - ### Testing - - To cover: - - how unit testing works - - what are mock objects - - what is integration testing - - what is dependency injection - - [ ] [Agile Software Testing with James Bach (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) - - [ ] [Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) - - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant) (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) + - Meliputi: + - bagaimana unit testing bekerja + - apa itu objek tiruan (mock objects) + - apa itu pengujian integrasi (integration testing) + - apa itu dependency injection + - [ ] [Pengujian Perangkat Lunak Agile dengan James Bach (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) + - [ ] [Kuliah Terbuka oleh James Bach tentang Pengujian Perangkat Lunak (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) + - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Pengembangan Berbasis Test (bukan itu yang kami maksudkan) (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) - [slides](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) - - [ ] [TDD is dead. Long live testing.](http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html) - - [ ] [Is TDD dead? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9quxZsLcfo) - - [ ] [Video series (152 videos) - not all are needed (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzJapzxH_rE&list=PLAwxTw4SYaPkWVHeC_8aSIbSxE_NXI76g) - - [ ] [Test-Driven Web Development with Python](http://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/pages/book.html#toc) - [ ] Dependency injection: - [ ] [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) - - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) - - [ ] [How to write tests](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) + - [ ] [Tao dari Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) + - [ ] [Bagaimana menulis tes](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) -- ### Scheduling - - in an OS, how it works - - can be gleaned from Operating System videos +- ### Penjadwalan + - Di OS, bagaimana cara kerjanya? + - Dapat diperoleh dari video Sistem Operasi -- ### Implement system routines - - understand what lies beneath the programming APIs you use - - can you implement them? +- ### Pencarian & manipulasi string + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Array (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Pencarian Substring (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. Pengantar Pencarian Substring](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/introduction-to-substring-search) + - [ ] [2. Pencarian Substring Brute-Force](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) + - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) + - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) + - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) + - [ ] [Pola pencarian dalam teks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) -- ### String searching & manipulations - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg) - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) - - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) - - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcDXwIGEXYU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=4) - - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-7n-FDEWzc&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) - - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7Ch6pZXfM&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=2) - - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) - - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + Jika Anda membutuhkan detail lebih lanjut tentang subjek ini, lihat bagian "String Matching" di [Detail Tambahan tentang Beberapa Subjek](#detail-tambahan-tentang-beberapa-subjek). - If you need more detail on this subject, see "String Matching" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) +- ### Tries + - Perhatikan bahwa ada berbagai jenis percobaan. Beberapa memiliki prefiks, beberapa tidak, dan beberapa menggunakan bit untuk melacak jalur + - Saya membaca kode, tetapi tidak akan menerapkan + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) + - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) + - [ ] [3. Operasi Berbasis Karakter](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) + - [ ] [Catatan tentang Struktur Data dan Teknik Pemrograman](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] Video kursus singkat: + - [ ] [Pengantar Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [Menerapkan A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [Trie: Sebuah Struktur Data Terabaikan](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) + - [ ] [TopCoder - Menggunakan Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [Kuliah Stanford (kasus penggunaan dunia nyata) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (bisa sangat tidak jelas sekitar setengahnya) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) ---- - -## System Design, Scalability, Data Handling -- **You can expect system design questions if you have 4+ years of experience.** -- Scalability and System Design are very large topics with many topics and resources, since - there is a lot to consider when designing a software/hardware system that can scale. - Expect to spend quite a bit of time on this. -- Considerations from Yegge: - - scalability - - Distill large data sets to single values - - Transform one data set to another - - Handling obscenely large amounts of data - - system design - - features sets - - interfaces - - class hierarchies - - designing a system under certain constraints - - simplicity and robustness - - tradeoffs - - performance analysis and optimization -- [ ] **START HERE**: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) -- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) -- [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) -- [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) -- [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) -- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below. -- [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) -- [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) -- [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) -- [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) -- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) -- [ ] Paxos Consensus algorithm: - - [short video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) - - [extended video with use case and multi-paxos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEpsBg0AO6o) - - [paper](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf) -- [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) -- [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) -- [ ] Scalability: - - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) - - [ ] Short series: - - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) - - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) - - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) - - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) - - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) - - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) - - [ ] [Pragmatic Programming Techniques](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) - - [extra: Google Pregel Graph Processing](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) - - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) - - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) - - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) - - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) - - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) - - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) - - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2009)](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Scale-at-Facebook) - - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) - - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) - - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) - - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) - - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) - - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) - - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) - - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) - - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) - - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Get In The Queue](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) - - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) - - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) - - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) - - [ ] [Egnyte Architecture: Lessons Learned In Building And Scaling A Multi Petabyte Distributed System](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html) - - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) - - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) - - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) - - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) - - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) - - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) - - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) - - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) - - [ ] [Does AMP Counter An Existential Threat To Google?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/14/does-amp-counter-an-existential-threat-to-google.html) - - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) - - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) - - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) - - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) - - [ ] [Cinchcast Architecture - Producing 1,500 Hours Of Audio Every Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) - - [ ] [Justin.Tv's Live Video Broadcasting Architecture](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) - - [ ] [Playfish's Social Gaming Architecture - 50 Million Monthly Users And Growing](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) - - [ ] [TripAdvisor Architecture - 40M Visitors, 200M Dynamic Page Views, 30TB Data](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) - - [ ] [PlentyOfFish Architecture](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) - - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) - - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) - - [ ] See "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" way below for info on some of the technologies that can glue services together - - [ ] Twitter: - - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) - - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) - - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the Video Series section. -- [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: - - review: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - - flow: - 1. Understand the problem and scope: - - define the use cases, with interviewer's help - - suggest additional features - - remove items that interviewer deems out of scope - - assume high availability is required, add as a use case - 2. Think about constraints: - - ask how many requests per month - - ask how many requests per second (they may volunteer it or make you do the math) - - estimate reads vs. writes percentage - - keep 80/20 rule in mind when estimating - - how much data written per second - - total storage required over 5 years - - how much data read per second - 3. Abstract design: - - layers (service, data, caching) - - infrastructure: load balancing, messaging - - rough overview of any key algorithm that drives the service - - consider bottlenecks and determine solutions - - Exercises: - - [Design a CDN network: old article](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) - - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) - - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) - - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) - - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) - - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) - - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) - - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) - ---- - -## Final Review - - This section will have shorter videos that can you watch pretty quickly to review most of the important concepts. - It's nice if you want a refresher often. - -- [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (18 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) -- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) - - [ ] [01. Union-Find](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) - - [ ] [02. Analysis of Algorithms](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZN-nFW0mEpg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTf0_bkOhh7sa5uqeppp3Sr0) - - [ ] [03. Stacks and Queues](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIC1gappbP8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe-9jhnj3P_3mmrCh0A7iHh) - - [ ] [04. Elementary Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CD2AL6VO0ak&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe_5WhGV0F--7CK8MoRUqBd) - - [ ] [05. Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - - [ ] [06. Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M5A7qPWk84&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [07. Priority Queues](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9TMe0KC0w0&list=PLe-ggMe31CTducy9LDiGVkdSv0NfiRwn5) - - [ ] [08. Elementary Symbol Tables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=up_nlilw3ac&list=PLe-ggMe31CTc3a8nKRDxFZZrWrBvkc9SG) - - [ ] [09. Balanced Search Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qC1BLLPK_5w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTf7jHH_mFT50kayjCEA6Rhu) - - [ ] [10. Geometric Applications of BST](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wl30aGAp6TY&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdBsRIw0hXln0hilRs-DqAx) - - [ ] [11. Hash Tables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QA8fJGO-i9o&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcKxIRGqqThMts2eHtSrf11) -- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?flow=list&shelf_id=3&view=50) - - [ ] [01. Undirected Graphs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmVhD-mmMBg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTc0zDzANxl4I2MhMoRVlbRM) - - [ ] [02. Directed Graphs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_z-JsVaUS40&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcEwaU8a1P1Gd95A77HV85K) - - [ ] [03. Minimum Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8fNk9tfVYY&list=PLe-ggMe31CTceUZxDesGfHGLE7kcSafqj) - - [ ] [04. Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoGSiB7tSeI&list=PLe-ggMe31CTePpG3jbeOTsnGUGZDKxgZD) - - [ ] [05. Maximum Flow](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYIKlFstBqE&list=PLe-ggMe31CTduQ68XQ-sVj32wYJIspTma) - - [ ] [06. Radix Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [07. Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [08. Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) - - [ ] [09. Regular Expressions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQWNQsJSPnk&list=PLe-ggMe31CTetTlJWouM42fyttyKPgSDh) - - [ ] [10. Data Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=at9tjpxcBh8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTciifRRo6yY0Yt0mzgIXXVZ) - - [ ] [11. Reductions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow5x-ooMGv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe_yliW5vc3yO-dj1LSSDyF) - - [ ] [12. Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWhcLyiLZLA&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdy6dKzMgkWFuTTN1H8B-E1) - - [ ] [13. Intractability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qcaaDp4cdQ&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcZCjluBHw53e_ek2k9Kn-S) - ---- - -## Coding Question Practice - -Now that you know all the computer science topics above, it's time to practice answering coding problems. - -**Coding question practice is not about memorizing answers to programming problems.** - -Why you need to practice doing programming problems: -- problem recognition, and where the right data structures and algorithms fit in -- gathering requirements for the problem -- talking your way through the problem like you will in the interview -- coding on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer -- coming up with time and space complexity for your solutions -- testing your solutions - -There is a great intro for methodical, communicative problem solving in an interview. You'll get this from the programming -interview books, too, but I found this outstanding: -[Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) - -[My Process for Coding Interview (Book) Exercises](https://googleyasheck.com/my-process-for-coding-interview-exercises/) - -No whiteboard at home? That makes sense. I'm a weirdo and have a big whiteboard. Instead of a whiteboard, pick up a -large drawing pad from an art store. You can sit on the couch and practice. This is my "sofa whiteboard". -I added the pen in the photo for scale. If you use a pen, you'll wish you could erase. Gets messy quick. - -![my sofa whiteboard](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/art_board_sm_2-1476233630368.jpg) - -Supplemental: - -- [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) -- [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) -- [MIT Interview Materials](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) -- [Exercises for getting better at a given language](http://exercism.io/languages) - -**Read and Do Programming Problems (in this order):** - -- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) - - answers in C, C++ and Java -- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - answers in Java - -See [Book List above](#book-list) - -## Coding exercises/challenges - -Once you've learned your brains out, put those brains to work. -Take coding challenges every day, as many as you can. - -- [ ] [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) -- [ ] [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) - -Challenge sites: -- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) -- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) -- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) -- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) -- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) -- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) -- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) -- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) - -Maybe: -- [Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - -## Once you're closer to the interview - -- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (videos): - - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) - - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) - - [Ask Me Anything: Gayle Laakmann McDowell (author of Cracking the Coding Interview)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fqxMuPmGak) - -## Your Resume - -- [Ten Tips for a (Slightly) Less Awful Resume](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.co.uk/2007_09_01_archive.html) -- See Resume prep items in Cracking The Coding Interview and back of Programming Interviews Exposed - - -## Be thinking of for when the interview comes - -Think of about 20 interview questions you'll get, along with the lines of the items below. Have 2-3 answers for each. -Have a story, not just data, about something you accomplished. - -- Why do you want this job? -- What's a tough problem you've solved? -- Biggest challenges faced? -- Best/worst designs seen? -- Ideas for improving an existing Google product. -- How do you work best, as an individual and as part of a team? -- Which of your skills or experiences would be assets in the role and why? -- What did you most enjoy at [job x / project y]? -- What was the biggest challenge you faced at [job x / project y]? -- What was the hardest bug you faced at [job x / project y]? -- What did you learn at [job x / project y]? -- What would you have done better at [job x / project y]? - -## Have questions for the interviewer - - Some of mine (I already may know answer to but want their opinion or team perspective): - -- How large is your team? -- What does your dev cycle look like? Do you do waterfall/sprints/agile? -- Are rushes to deadlines common? Or is there flexibility? -- How are decisions made in your team? -- How many meetings do you have per week? -- Do you feel your work environment helps you concentrate? -- What are you working on? -- What do you like about it? -- What is the work life like? - -## Once You've Got The Job - -Congratulations! - -- [10 things I wish I knew on my first day at Google](https://medium.com/@moonstorming/10-things-i-wish-i-knew-on-my-first-day-at-google-107581d87286#.livxn7clw) - -Keep learning. - -You're never really done. - ---- - - ***************************************************************************************************** - ***************************************************************************************************** - - Everything below this point is optional. These are my recommendations, not Google's. - By studying these, you'll get greater exposure to more CS concepts, and will be better prepared for - any software engineering job. You'll be a much more well-rounded software engineer. - - ***************************************************************************************************** - ***************************************************************************************************** - ---- - -## Additional Books - -- [ ] [The Unix Programming Environment](http://product.half.ebay.com/The-UNIX-Programming-Environment-by-Brian-W-Kernighan-and-Rob-Pike-1983-Other/54385&tg=info) - - an oldie but a goodie -- [ ] [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) - - a modern option -- [ ] [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) -- [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) - - a gentle introduction to design patterns -- [ ] [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) - - aka the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF - - the canonical design patterns book -- [ ] [Site Reliability Engineering](https://landing.google.com/sre/book.html) - - [Site Reliability Engineering: How Google Runs Production Systems](https://landing.google.com/sre/) -- [ ] [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0131480057/) - -## Additional Learning - -- ### Dynamic Programming - - This subject can be pretty difficult, as each DP soluble problem must be defined as a recursion relation, and coming up with it can be tricky. - - I suggest looking at many examples of DP problems until you have a solid understanding of the pattern involved. - - [ ] Videos: - - the Skiena videos can be hard to follow since he sometimes uses the whiteboard, which is too small to see - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) - - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) - - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) - - [ ] List of individual DP problems (each is short): - [Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) - - [ ] Yale Lecture notes: - - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) - - [ ] Coursera: - - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) - - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) - - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) - - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) - - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) - - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) - - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) - -- ### Compilers - - [ ] [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) - - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) - - [ ] [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) - - [ ] [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) - -- ### Floating Point Numbers - - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) - - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) +- ### Angka Floating Point + - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representasi Angka Floating Point - 1 (video - ada kesalahan dalam penghitungan - lihat deskripsi video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point biner (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) - ### Unicode - - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) - - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + - [ ] [Minimum Mutlak Setiap Pengembang Perangkat Lunak Sepenuhnya, Secara Positif Harus Tahu Tentang Unicode dan Kumpulan Karakter](http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [Apa Yang Setiap Programmer Benar-benar, Secara Positif Perlu Diketahui Tentang Unicode Dan Kumpulan Karakter Untuk Bekerja Dengan Teks](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) - ### Endianness - - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://www.cs.umd.edu/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) - - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) - - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) - - Very technical talk for kernel devs. Don't worry if most is over your head. - - The first half is enough. + - [ ] [Endian Besar Dan Kecil](https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141940/http://www.cs.umd.edu:80/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [Endian Besar Vs Endian Kecil (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [Endian Big And Kecil Dalam/Luar (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - Pembicaraan yang sangat teknis untuk pengembang kernel. Jangan khawatir jika sebagian besar di atas kepala Anda. + - Paruh pertama sudah cukup. + +- ### Jaringan + - **jika Anda memiliki pengalaman jaringan atau ingin menjadi insinyur keandalan (reliability engineer) atau insinyur operasi (operations engineer), tunggu pertanyaan** + - Jika tidak, ini bagus untuk diketahui + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/computers-and-internet-code-org) + - [ ] [UDP dan TCP: Perbandingan Transport Protocols (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [TCP / IP dan Model OSI Dijelaskan! (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [Transmisi Paket melalui Internet. Tutorial Jaringan & TCP / IP. (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL dan HTTPS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL / TLS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [Seri Video (21 video) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Bagian 5 CIDR Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] Socket: + - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Pengenalan (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [ ] [Pemrograman Socket (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) + +## Perancangan Sistem, Skalabilitas, Penganganan Data + +**Anda dapat mengharapkan pertanyaan desain sistem jika Anda memiliki pengalaman 4+ tahun.** + +- Skalabilitas dan Desain Sistem adalah topik yang sangat besar dengan banyak topik dan sumber daya, + karena ada banyak hal yang perlu dipertimbangkan saat merancang sistem perangkat lunak / perangkat keras yang dapat diskalakan. + Berharap untuk meluangkan sedikit waktu untuk ini +- Pertimbangan: + - Skalabilitas (Scalability) + - Saring kumpulan data besar menjadi nilai tunggal + - Ubah satu kumpulan data ke kumpulan lainnya + - Menangani data dalam jumlah yang sangat besar + - Desain sistem (System design) + - set fitur (features sets) + - antarmuka (interfaces) + - hierarki kelas (class hierarchies) + - merancang sistem di bawah batasan tertentu + - kesederhanaan dan ketahanan (simplicity and robustness) + - pengorbanan (tradeoffs) + - analisis dan pengoptimalan kinerja +- [ ] **MULAI DI SINI**: [Primer Desain Sistem](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [Desain Sistem dari HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] [Bagaimana Saya Mempersiapkan Untuk Menjawab Pertanyaan Desain Secara Teknis?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) +- [ ] [8 Hal Yang Perlu Diketahui Sebelum Wawancara Desain Sistem](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) +- [ ] [Desain algoritme](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) +- [ ] [Normalisasi Basis Data - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF dan 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) +- [ ] [Wawancara Desain Sistem](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - Ada banyak sumber daya yang satu ini. Lihat artikel dan contoh. Saya taruh beberapa di bawah ini +- [ ] [Bagaimana menjadi ace wawancara desain sistem](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +- [ ] [Nomor yang Harus Diketahui Setiap Orang](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) +- [ ] [Berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat pengalih konteks?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) +- [ ] [Transaksi di Seluruh Pusat Data (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) +- [ ] [Pengantar bahasa Inggris sederhana untuk Teorema CAP](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem) +- [ ] Algoritma Konsensus: + - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ ] Raft - [Pengantar Algoritma Konsensus Terdistribusi Rakit (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + - [ ] [Kertas yang mudah dibaca](https://raft.github.io/) + - [ ] [Infografis](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) +- [ ] [Hashing yang Konsisten](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) +- [ ] [Pola NoSQL](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) +- [ ] Skalabilitas: + - Anda tidak membutuhkan semua ini. Pilih saja beberapa yang menarik bagi Anda. + - [ ] [Tinjauan bagus (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] Seri pendek: + - [Klon (Clones)](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [Database (Database)](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [Cache (Cache)](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [Asinkronisme (Asynchronism)](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [Arsitektur Web yang Skalabel dan Sistem Terdistribusi](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) + - [ ] [Kekeliruan Komputasi Terdistribusi Dijelaskan](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + - [ ] [Teknik Pemrograman Pragmatis](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) + - [ekstra: Pemrosesan Graph Google Pregel](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) + - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Membangun Sistem Perangkat Lunak di Google dan Pelajaran yang Dipetik (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + - [ ] [Pengantar Sistem Arsitek untuk Skala](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) + - [ ] [Menskalakan game seluler ke audiens global menggunakan App Engine dan Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + - [ ] [Bagaimana Google Melakukan Rekayasa Skala Planet untuk Infra Skala Planet (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + - [ ] [Pentingnya Algoritma](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) + - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Million Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) + - [ ] [Teknik untuk Permainan Panjang - Astrid Atkinson Keynote (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + - [ ] [7 Tahun Pelajaran Skalabilitas YouTube Dalam 30 Menit](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) + - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [Bagaimana PayPal Mengukur Miliaran Transaksi Setiap Hari Hanya Dengan Menggunakan 8VM](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) + - [ ] [Cara Menghapus Duplikat dalam Kumpulan Data Besar](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) + - [ ] [Sekilas tentang skala dan budaya teknik Etsy dengan Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + - [ ] [Apa yang Membawa Amazon ke Arsitektur Layanan Mikro Sendiri](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + - [ ] [Untuk Mengompresi Atau Tidak Mengompresi, Itu Pertanyaan Uber](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze-json-encoding-compression/) + - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Masuk Antrian](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) + - [ ] [Kapan Perkiraan Pemrosesan Kueri Digunakan?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) + - [ ] [Transisi Google Dari Pusat Data Tunggal, Ke Failover, Ke Arsitektur Native Multihomed](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [Kunci pas](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) + - [ ] [Pemrograman Didorong Pembelajaran Mesin: Pemrograman Baru Untuk Dunia Baru](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) + - [ ] [Teknologi Pengoptimalan Gambar Yang Melayani Jutaan Permintaan Per Hari](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) + - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + - [ ] [Tinder: Bagaimana Salah Satu Mesin Rekomendasi Terbesar Memutuskan Siapa yang Akan Anda Lihat Selanjutnya?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) + - [ ] [Desain Cache Modern](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + - [ ] [Streaming Video Langsung Pada Skala Facebook](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + - [ ] [Panduan Pemula Untuk Menskalakan Lebih dari 11 Juta Pengguna di Amazon AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) + - [ ] [Bagaimana Penggunaan Latensi Efek Docker?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) + - [ ] [Tampilan 360 Derajat Dari Seluruh Tumpukan Netflix](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) + - [ ] [Latensi Ada Di Mana-Mana Dan Itu Membebani Penjualan Anda - Cara Menghancurkannya](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + - [ ] [Serverless (sangat lama, hanya perlu intinya)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) + - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Ratusan Instans, Lusinan Teknologi](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) + - [ ] [Arsitektur Cinchcast - Menghasilkan 1.500 Jam Audio Setiap Hari](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) + - [ ] [Arsitektur Penyiaran Video Langsung Justin.Tv](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) + - [ ] [Arsitektur Permainan Sosial Playfish - 50 Juta Pengguna Bulanan Dan Berkembang](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) + - [ ] [Arsitektur TripAdvisor - 40 Juta Pengunjung, 200 Juta Tampilan Halaman Dinamis, 30 TB Data](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) + - [ ] [Arsitektur PlentyOfFish](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) + - [ ] [Arsitektur Salesforce - Bagaimana Mereka Menangani 1,3 Miliar Transaksi Sehari](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) + - [ ] [Arsitektur ESPN Dalam Skala - Beroperasi pada 100.000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Detik](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + - [ ] Lihat cara "Sistem Perpesanan, Serialisasi, dan Antrean" di bawah ini untuk info tentang beberapa teknologi yang dapat merekatkan layanan + - [ ] Twitter: + - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Data Besar dan Kecil di @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + - [Garis Waktu dalam Skala](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) + - Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat serial video "Menambang Kumpulan Data Besar-besaran" di bagian [Seri Video](#seri-video) +- [ ] Mempraktikkan proses desain sistem: Berikut adalah beberapa ide untuk dicoba di atas kertas, masing-masing dengan beberapa dokumentasi tentang bagaimana hal itu ditangani di dunia nyata: + - review: [Primer Desain Sistem](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [Desain Sistem dari HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [contekan (cheat sheet)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - aliran: + 1. Pahami masalah dan cakupannya: + - Tentukan kasus penggunaan, dengan bantuan pewawancara + - Sarankan fitur tambahan + - Hapus item yang dianggap pewawancara di luar jangkauan + - Asumsikan ketersediaan tinggi diperlukan, tambahkan sebagai kasus penggunaan + 2. Pikirkan tentang kendala: + - Tanyakan berapa banyak permintaan per bulan + - Tanyakan berapa banyak permintaan per detik (mereka mungkin menawarkannya secara sukarela atau meminta Anda menghitungnya) + - Perkirakan persentase membaca vs. menulis + - Ingat aturan 80/20 saat memperkirakan + - Berapa banyak data yang ditulis per detik + - Total penyimpanan yang dibutuhkan selama 5 tahun + - Berapa banyak data yang dibaca per detik + 3. Desain abstrak: + - Lapisan (layanan, data, caching) + - Infrastruktur: load balancing, perpesanan + - Gambaran kasar tentang algoritme kunci apa pun yang menggerakkan layanan + - Pertimbangkan kemacetan dan tentukan solusinya + - Latihan: + - [Desain jaringan CDN: artikel lama](https://kilthub.cmu.edu/articles/Globally_distributed_content_delivery/6605972) + - [Rancang sistem pembuatan ID unik secara acak](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) + - [Mendesain database nilai kunci](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) + - [Rancang sistem berbagi gambar](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + - [Rancang sistem rekomendasi](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + - [Rancang sistem penyingkat URL: disalin dari atas](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + - [Rancang sistem cache](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) + +--- + +## Ulasan Akhir + + Bagian ini akan memiliki video pendek yang dapat Anda tonton dengan cukup cepat untuk meninjau sebagian besar konsep penting. + Sangat menyenangkan jika Anda sering ingin penyegaran. + +- [ ] Seri video subjek pendek berdurasi 2-3 menit (23 video) + - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] Seri video subjek pendek berdurasi 2-5 menit - Michael Sambol (18 video): + - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] [Video Sedgewick - Algoritma I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) +- [ ] [Video Sedgewick - Algoritma II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +--- + +## Latihan Pertanyaan Pemrograman + +Sekarang setelah kamu mengetahui semua topik ilmu komputer di atas, sekarang saatnya berlatih menjawab soal coding. + +**Latihan pertanyaan coding bukan tentang menghafal jawaban atas masalah pemrograman.** + +Mengapa Anda perlu berlatih mengerjakan soal pemrograman: +- Pengenalan masalah, dan di mana struktur data dan algoritme yang tepat cocok +- Mengumpulkan persyaratan untuk masalah tersebut +- Berbicara tentang masalah seperti yang akan Anda lakukan dalam wawancara +- Coding di papan tulis atau kertas, bukan di komputer +- Hadir dengan kerumitan ruang dan waktu untuk solusi Anda +- Menguji solusi Anda + +Ada pengantar yang bagus untuk pemecahan masalah metodis dan komunikatif dalam sebuah wawancara. +Anda juga akan mendapatkan ini dari buku wawancara pemrograman, tetapi menurut saya ini luar biasa: +[Kanvas desain algoritme](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) + +Tidak ada papan tulis di rumah? Itu masuk akal. Saya orang aneh dan memiliki papan tulis besar. Alih-alih papan tulis, belilah papan gambar besar dari toko seni. Anda bisa duduk di sofa dan berlatih. Ini adalah "papan tulis sofa" saya. +Saya menambahkan pena di foto untuk skala. Jika Anda menggunakan pena, Anda pasti berharap dapat menghapusnya. Cepat berantakan. Saya menggunakan pensil dan penghapus. + +![papan tulis sofa saya](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) + +Tambahan: + +- [Matematika untuk Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) +- [Pemrograman Dinamis - Dari Pemula hingga Mahir](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) +- [Materi Wawancara MIT](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) +- [Latihan untuk menjadi lebih baik pada bahasa tertentu](http://exercism.io/languages) + +**Baca dan Lakukan Masalah Pemrograman (dalam urutan ini):** + +- [ ] [Wawancara Pemrograman Terkena: Rahasia Mendaratkan Pekerjaan Berikutnya Anda, Edisi ke-2](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) + - jawaban di C, C++ dan Java +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, Edisi ke-6](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - jawaban di Java + +Lihat [Daftar Buku di atas](#daftar-buku) + +## Latihan / tantangan coding + +Setelah Anda mempelajari otak Anda, gunakan otak itu untuk bekerja. +Ambil tantangan pengkodean setiap hari, sebanyak yang Anda bisa. + +- [Bagaimana Menemukan Solusi](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [Cara Membedah Pernyataan Masalah Topcoder](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) + +Video Pertanyaan Wawancara Coding: +- [IDeserve (88 video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5 playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - Super for walkthroughs of problem solutions +- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 Video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - Good explanations of solution and the code + - You can watch several in a short time +- [FisherCoder - Solusi LeetCode](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) + +Situs tantangan: +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) + - My favorite coding problem site. It's worth the subscription money for the 1-2 months you'll likely be preparing + - [LeetCode solutions from FisherCoder](https://github.com/fishercoder1534/Leetcode) + - See Nick White Videos above for short code-throughs +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) +- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) +- [Code Exercises](https://code-exercises.com) + +Situs pembelajaran bahasa, dengan tantangan: +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) +- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) + +Repo tantangan: +- [Tantangan Interview Coding Interaktif dengan Python](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) + +Wawancara Mock: +- [Gainlo.co: Mock pewawancara dari perusahaan besar](http://www.gainlo.co/) - Saya menggunakan ini dan itu membantu saya bersantai untuk layar ponsel dan wawancara di tempat +- [Pramp: Wawancara mengejek dari / dengan teman sebaya](https://www.pramp.com/) - model wawancara praktik peer-to-peer +- [Refdash: Wawancara tiruan dan wawancara yang dipercepat](https://refdash.com/) - juga membantu kandidat mempercepat dengan melewatkan beberapa wawancara dengan perusahaan teknologi +- [interviewing.io: Berlatih wawancara tiruan dengan insinyur senior](https://interviewing.io) - wawancara desain algoritme / sistem tanpa nama dengan insinyur senior dari FAANG secara anonim. + +## Menjelang Proses Interview + +- Memecahkan Wawancara Coding 2 Set (video): + - [Memecahkan Wawancara Coding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) + - [Memecahkan Wawancara Coding - Seri Speaker Fullstack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) + +## Resume Anda + +- Lihat Lanjutkan item persiapan di Cracking The Coding Interview dan bagian belakang Wawancara Pemrograman Terkena + +## Pikirkan saat wawancara datang + +Pikirkan sekitar 20 pertanyaan wawancara yang akan Anda dapatkan, bersama dengan baris item di bawah ini. Miliki 2-3 jawaban untuk masing-masing. +Memiliki cerita, bukan hanya data, tentang sesuatu yang Anda capai. + +- Mengapa Anda menginginkan pekerjaan ini? +- Apa masalah sulit yang telah Anda selesaikan? +- Tantangan terbesar yang dihadapi? +- Desain terbaik / terburuk terlihat? +- Ide untuk meningkatkan produk Google yang sudah ada. +- Bagaimana Anda bekerja dengan baik, sebagai individu dan sebagai bagian dari tim? +- Keterampilan atau pengalaman mana yang akan menjadi aset dalam peran tersebut dan mengapa? +- Apa yang paling Anda nikmati di [job x / project y]? +- Apa tantangan terbesar yang Anda hadapi di [pekerjaan x / proyek y]? +- Bug tersulit apa yang Anda hadapi di [pekerjaan x / proyek y]? +- Apa yang Anda pelajari di [pekerjaan x / proyek y]? +- Apa yang akan Anda lakukan lebih baik di [pekerjaan x / proyek y]? + +## Bertanyalah Pada Pewawancara + + Beberapa milik saya (saya mungkin sudah tahu jawaban tetapi ingin pendapat atau perspektif tim mereka): + +- Seberapa besar tim Anda? +- Seperti apa siklus pengembang Anda? Apakah Anda melakukan waterfall / sprint / agile? +- Apakah terburu-buru ke tenggat waktu biasa terjadi? Atau apakah ada fleksibilitas? +- Bagaimana keputusan dibuat dalam tim Anda? +- Berapa banyak pertemuan yang Anda lakukan per minggu? +- Apakah Anda merasa lingkungan kerja membantu Anda berkonsentrasi? +- Apa yang sedang kamu kerjakan? +- Apa yang Anda suka tentang itu? +- Seperti apa kehidupan kerja? + +## Saat Anda Berhasil Mendapatkan Pekerjaannya + +Selamat! + +Terus belajar. + +Anda tidak pernah benar-benar selesai. + +--- + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + + Segala sesuatu di bawah poin ini bersifat opsional. Ini adalah rekomendasi saya, bukan Google. + Dengan mempelajari ini, Anda akan mendapatkan eksposur yang lebih besar ke lebih banyak konsep CS, + dan akan lebih siap untuk pekerjaan rekayasa perangkat lunak apa pun. + Anda akan menjadi insinyur perangkat lunak yang jauh lebih berpengalaman. + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + +--- + +## Buku Tambahan + + Ini ada di sini sehingga Anda dapat menyelami topik yang menurut Anda menarik. + +- [Lingkungan Pemrograman Unix](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) + - Tua tapi bagus +- [Baris Perintah Linux: Pengantar Lengkap](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - Pilihan modern +- [Seri Ilustrasi TCP / IP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) +- [Pola Desain Kepala Pertama](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - Pengenalan lembut untuk pola desain +- [Pola Desain: Elemen Perangkat Lunak Object-Oriente yang Dapat Digunakan Kembali](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - Alias buku "Gang Of Four", atau GOF + - Buku pola desain kanonik +- [Buku Pegangan Administrasi Sistem UNIX dan Linux, Edisi ke-5](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0134277554/) +- [Manual Desain Algoritma](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - Sebagai review dan pengenalan masalah + - Porsi katalog algoritme jauh di luar cakupan kesulitan yang akan Anda dapatkan dalam wawancara + - Buku ini memiliki 2 bagian: + - Kelas buku teks tentang struktur data dan algoritma + - Kelebihan: + - Merupakan review yang bagus seperti buku teks algoritma apapun + - Cerita bagus dari pengalamannya memecahkan masalah di industri dan akademisi + - Contoh kode di C + - Kekurangan: + - Bisa padat atau tidak bisa ditembus seperti CLRS, dan dalam beberapa kasus, CLRS mungkin menjadi alternatif yang lebih baik untuk beberapa mata pelajaran + - Bab 7, 8, 9 bisa menyakitkan untuk dicoba diikuti, karena beberapa item tidak dijelaskan dengan baik atau membutuhkan lebih banyak otak daripada yang saya miliki + - Jangan salah paham: Saya suka Skiena, gaya mengajarnya, dan tingkah lakunya, tapi saya mungkin bukan materi Stony Brook + - Katalog algoritma: + - Inilah alasan sebenarnya Anda membeli buku ini + - Akan sampai ke bagian ini. Akan memperbarui di sini setelah saya berhasil melewatinya + - Bisa menyewanya di kindle + - jawaban: + - [Solusi](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [Solusi](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +- [Tulis Kode Hebat: Volume 1: Memahami Mesin](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - Buku itu diterbitkan pada tahun 2004, dan agak ketinggalan jaman, tetapi merupakan sumber yang hebat untuk memahami komputer secara singkat + - Penulis menemukan [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly), jadi ambillah sebutan dan contoh di HLA dengan sedikit garam. Tidak banyak digunakan, tetapi contoh yang layak tentang seperti apa perakitan itu + - Bab-bab ini layak dibaca untuk memberi Anda dasar yang bagus: + - Bab 2 - Representasi Numerik + - Bab 3 - Aritmatika Biner dan Operasi Bit + - Bab 4 - Representasi Titik Mengambang + - Bab 5 - Representasi Karakter + - Bab 6 - Organisasi Memori dan Akses + - Bab 7 - Tipe Data Komposit dan Objek Memori + - Bab 9 - Arsitektur CPU + - Bab 10 - Arsitektur Set Instruksi + - Bab 11 - Arsitektur dan Organisasi Memori +- [Pengantar Algoritma](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) + - **Penting:** Membaca buku ini hanya akan memiliki nilai yang terbatas. Buku ini adalah ulasan yang bagus tentang algoritme dan struktur data, tetapi tidak akan mengajari Anda cara menulis kode yang baik. Anda harus dapat membuat kode solusi yang layak secara efisien + - Alias CLR, terkadang CLRS, karena Stein terlambat ke permainan + +- [Arsitektur Komputer, Edisi Keenam: Pendekatan Kuantitatif](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + - For a richer, more up-to-date (2017), but longer treatment + +- [Pemrograman Mutiara](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + - Beberapa bab pertama menyajikan solusi cerdas untuk masalah pemrograman (beberapa sangat lama menggunakan pita data) + tetapi itu hanya intro. Ini adalah buku panduan tentang desain dan arsitektur program + +## Pembelajaran Tambahan + + Saya menambahkannya untuk membantu Anda menjadi insinyur perangkat lunak yang berpengetahuan luas, + dan untuk mengetahui teknologi dan algoritme tertentu, sehingga Anda akan memiliki kotak peralatan yang lebih besar. + +- ### Kompilator + - [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) - ### Emacs and vi(m) - - suggested by Yegge, from an old Amazon recruiting post: Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor + - Biasakan diri Anda dengan editor kode berbasis unix - vi(m): - - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) - - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) + - [Mengedit Dengan vim 01 - Instalasi, Setup, dan The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + - [Petualangan VIM](http://vim-adventures.com/) - set of 4 videos: - - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) - - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) - - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) - - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) - - [Using Vi Instead of Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) + - [Editor vi / vim - Pelajaran 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) + - [Editor vi / vim - Pelajaran 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) + - [Editor vi / vim - Pelajaran 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) + - [Editor vi / vim - Pelajaran 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) + - [Menggunakan Vi, bukan Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) - emacs: - - [Basics Emacs Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) + - [Tutorial Dasar Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) - set of 3 (videos): - - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) - - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) - - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) - - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) - - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) - - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) + - [Tutorial Emacs (Pemula) -Bagian 1- Perintah file, potong / salin / tempel, perintah kursor](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) + - [Tutorial Emacs (Pemula) -Bagian 2- Manajemen buffer, pencarian, mode M-x grep dan rgrep](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) + - [Tutorial Emacs (Pemula) -Bagian 3- Ekspresi, Pernyataan, ~ / .emacs file dan paket](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) + - [Mode Jahat: Atau, Bagaimana Saya Belajar untuk Berhenti Khawatir dan Cinta Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) + - [Menulis Program C Dengan Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) + - [(mungkin) Mode Organisasi Secara Mendalam: Mengelola Struktur (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) - ### Unix command line tools - - suggested by Yegge, from an old Amazon recruiting post. I filled in the list below from good tools. - - [ ] bash - - [ ] cat - - [ ] grep - - [ ] sed - - [ ] awk - - [ ] curl or wget - - [ ] sort - - [ ] tr - - [ ] uniq - - [ ] [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) - - [ ] [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + - Saya mengisi daftar di bawah ini dari alat yang bagus. + - bash + - cat + - grep + - sed + - awk + - curl or wget + - sort + - tr + - uniq + - [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) -- ### Information theory (videos) - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) - - [ ] more about Markov processes: - - [ ] [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) - - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below. +- ### Teori Informasi (video) + - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - Lebih lanjut tentang proses Markov: + - [Pembuatan Teks Markov Inti](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [Inti Penerapan Pembuatan Teks Markov](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [Proyek = Panduan Pembuatan Teks Markov](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + - Lihat lebih lanjut dalam seri Informasi dan Entropi MIT 6.050J di bawah ini -- ### Parity & Hamming Code (videos) - - [ ] [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) - - [ ] [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) - - [ ] Hamming Code: - - [Error detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) - - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) - - [ ] [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) +- ### Pariti & Kode Hamming + - [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [Keseimbangan (Parity)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - Hamming Code: + - [Deteksi kesalahan](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) + - [Koreksi kesalahan](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) + - [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) - ### Entropy - - also see videos below - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + - Lihat juga video di bawah ini + - Pastikan untuk menonton video teori informasi terlebih dahulu + - [Teori Informasi, Claude Shannon, Entropi, Redundansi, Kompresi Data & Bit (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) -- ### Cryptography - - also see videos below - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) - - [ ] [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) - - [ ] [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) +- ### Kriptografi + - Lihat juga video di bawah ini + - Pastikan untuk menonton video teori informasi terlebih dahulu + - [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [Kriptografi: Funsgi Hash](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [Kriptografi: Enkripsi](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) -- ### Compression - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] Computerphile (videos): - - [ ] [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) - - [ ] [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) - - [ ] [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) - - [ ] [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) - - [ ] [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) - - [ ] [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) - - [ ] [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) - - [ ] [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) +- ### Kompresi + - Pastikan untuk menonton video teori informasi terlebih dahulu + - Computerphile (video): + - [Kompresi](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [Entropi dalam Kompresi](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [Pohon Terbalik (Pohon Huffman)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [EXTRA BITS / TRITS - Pohon Huffman](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [Kompresi Elegan dalam Teks (Metode LZ 77)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [Kompresi Teks Memenuhi Probabilitas](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [Video Kepala Kompresor](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [(opsional) Google Developers Live: GZIP saja tidak cukup!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) -- ### Networking - - **if you have networking experience or want to be a systems engineer, expect questions** - - otherwise, this is just good to know - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) - - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) - - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) - - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) - - [ ] [HTTP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) - - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) - - [ ] [SSL/TLS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) - - [ ] [HTTP 2.0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) - - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) - - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) +- ### Keamanan komputer + - [MIT (23 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- ### Computer Security - - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) - - [ ] [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) - - [ ] [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) - - [ ] [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) +- ### Pengumpulan sampah + - [GC dalam Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [Deep Dive Java: Pengumpulan Sampah itu Baik!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [Deep Dive Python: Pengumpulan Sampah di CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) -- ### Garbage collection - - [ ] [Garbage collection (Java); Augmenting data str (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) - - [ ] [Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) - - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) - - [ ] [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) +- ### Pemrograman Paralel + - [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [Python Efisien untuk Komputasi Paralel Berkinerja Tinggi (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) -- ### Parallel Programming - - [ ] [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) - - [ ] [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) - -- ### Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems - - [ ] [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) +- ### Pengiriman Pesan, Serialisasi, dan Sistem Queueing + - [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) - - [ ] [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) - [Tutorials](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) - - [ ] [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) - - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) - - [ ] [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC 101 untuk Pengembang Java (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) + - [Redis](http://redis.io/) - [Tutorial](http://try.redis.io/) - - [ ] [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) - - [ ] [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) - - [ ] [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) - - [Get Started](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) - - [ ] [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) - - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) - - [ ] [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) - - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) - - [ ] [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) - - [ ] [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) - - [ ] [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) - - [ ] [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + - [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [Memulai](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) + - [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [Langkah Awal dengan Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) + - [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [Intro - Baca Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) + - [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) -- ### Fast Fourier Transform - - [ ] [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) - - [ ] [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) - - [ ] [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) - - [ ] [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) +- ### A* + - [Algoritma Pencarian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [A * Tutorial Pathfinding (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [A * Pathfinding (E01: penjelasan algoritma) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) + +- ### Transformasi Fourier Cepat + - [Panduan Interaktif Untuk Transformasi Fourier](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [Apa itu Transformasi Fourier? Untuk apa itu digunakan?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [Apa itu Transformasi Fourier? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [Bagilah & Taklukkan: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [Memahami FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) - ### Bloom Filter - Given a Bloom filter with m bits and k hashing functions, both insertion and membership testing are O(k) - - [Bloom Filters](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) - - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - [Filter Bloom (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [Filter Bloom | Penambangan Kumpulan Data Besar-besaran | Universitas Stanford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) - - [How To Write A Bloom Filter App](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) + - [Cara Menulis Aplikasi Bloom Filter](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) - ### HyperLogLog - - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) + - [Cara Menghitung Miliaran Objek Berbeda Hanya Menggunakan Memori 1.5KB](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) - ### Locality-Sensitive Hashing - - used to determine the similarity of documents - - the opposite of MD5 or SHA which are used to determine if 2 documents/strings are exactly the same. - - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) + - Digunakan untuk menentukan kesamaan dokumen + - Kebalikan dari MD5 atau SHA yang digunakan untuk menentukan apakah 2 dokumen / string sama persis + - [Simhashing (semoga) menjadi sederhana](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) - ### van Emde Boas Trees - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) - - [ ] [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + - [Bagilah & Taklukkan: Pohon van Emde Boas (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [Catatan Kuliah MIT](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) - ### Augmented Data Structures - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://youtu.be/zksIj9O8_jc?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&t=950) - -- ### Tries - - Note there are different kinds of tries. Some have prefixes, some don't, and some use string instead of bits - to track the path. - - I read through code, but will not implement. - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buq2bn8x3Vo&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LelV-kkYMIg&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ&index=1) - - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) - - [ ] Short course videos: - - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) - - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) - - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) - - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) - - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/using-tries/) - - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) - - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - [CS 61B Kuliah 39: Augmented Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) - ### Balanced search trees - - Know least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented): - - "Among balanced search trees, AVL and 2/3 trees are now passé, and red-black trees seem to be more popular. - A particularly interesting self-organizing data structure is the splay tree, which uses rotations - to move any accessed key to the root." - Skiena - - Of these, I chose to implement a splay tree. From what I've read, you won't implement a - balanced search tree in your interview. But I wanted exposure to coding one up - and let's face it, splay trees are the bee's knees. I did read a lot of red-black tree code. - - splay tree: insert, search, delete functions - If you end up implementing red/black tree try just these: - - search and insertion functions, skipping delete - - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets. - - [ ] [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + - Ketahui setidaknya satu jenis pohon biner yang seimbang (dan ketahui bagaimana implementasinya): + - "Di antara pohon pencarian seimbang, AVL dan 2/3 trees sekarang sudah ketinggalan zaman, dan red-black trees tampaknya lebih populer. Struktur data pengorganisasian mandiri yang sangat menarik adalah splay trees, yang menggunakan rotasi untuk memindahkan kunci apa pun yang diakses ke root." - Skiena + - Dari jumlah tersebut, saya memilih untuk menerapkan splay tree. + Dari apa yang saya baca, Anda tidak akan menerapkan pohon pencarian seimbang (balanced search tree) dalam wawancara Anda. + Tapi saya ingin eksposur ke pengkodean satu dan hadapi saja, splay trees adalah lutut lebah. + Saya memang membaca banyak kode red-black tree code + - Splay tree: menyisipkan, mencari, menghapus fungsi + Jika Anda akhirnya menerapkan pohon merah / hitam coba ini saja: + - Fungsi pencarian dan penyisipan, melewatkan penghapusan + - Saya ingin mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang B-Tree karena digunakan secara luas dengan kumpulan data yang sangat besar + - [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) - - [ ] **AVL trees** - - In practice: - From what I can tell, these aren't used much in practice, but I could see where they would be: - The AVL tree is another structure supporting O(log n) search, insertion, and removal. It is more rigidly - balanced than red–black trees, leading to slower insertion and removal but faster retrieval. This makes it - attractive for data structures that may be built once and loaded without reconstruction, such as language - dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter). - - [ ] [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) - - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - **AVL trees** + - Dalam praktek: + Dari apa yang saya tahu, ini tidak banyak digunakan dalam praktiknya, tetapi saya bisa melihat di mana mereka akan berada: + AVL trees (Pohon AVL) adalah struktur lain yang mendukung pencarian, penyisipan, dan penghapusan O(log n). + Ini lebih seimbang daripada red-black trees, menyebabkan penyisipan dan pemindahan lebih lambat tetapi pengambilan lebih cepat. + Ini membuatnya menarik untuk struktur data yang dapat dibangun sekali dan dimuat tanpa rekonstruksi, seperti kamus bahasa (atau kamus program, seperti opcode assembler atau interpreter) + - [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [Implementasi AVL Tree (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [Split Dan Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) - - [ ] **Splay trees** - - In practice: - Splay trees are typically used in the implementation of caches, memory allocators, routers, garbage collectors, - data compression, ropes (replacement of string used for long text strings), in Windows NT (in the virtual memory, - networking and file system code) etc. - - [ ] [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Najzh1rYQTo&index=23&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) - - [ ] MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: - - Gets very mathy, but watch the last 10 minutes for sure. + - **Splay trees** + - Dalam praktek: + Splay trees (pohon bentang) biasanya digunakan dalam implementasi cache, pengalokasi memori, router, pengumpul sampah, kompresi data, tali (pengganti string yang digunakan untuk string teks panjang), di Windows NT (dalam memori virtual, jaringan, dan kode sistem file) dll. + - [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) + - Kuliah MIT: Splay Trees: + - Menjadi sangat matematis, tetapi perhatikan 10 menit terakhir dengan pasti. - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) - - [ ] **Red/black trees** - - these are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below) - - In practice: - Red–black trees offer worst-case guarantees for insertion time, deletion time, and search time. - Not only does this make them valuable in time-sensitive applications such as real-time applications, - but it makes them valuable building blocks in other data structures which provide worst-case guarantees; - for example, many data structures used in computational geometry can be based on red–black trees, and - the Completely Fair Scheduler used in current Linux kernels uses red–black trees. In the version 8 of Java, - the Collection HashMap has been modified such that instead of using a LinkedList to store identical elements with poor - hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used. - - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) - - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - - [ ] [Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + - **Red/black trees** + - Ini adalah terjemahan dari sebuah 2-3 tree (lihat dibawah). + - Dalam praktek: + Red/black trees (Pohon merah / hitam) menawarkan jaminan kasus terburuk untuk waktu penyisipan, waktu penghapusan, dan waktu pencarian. + Hal ini tidak hanya membuatnya berharga dalam aplikasi yang sensitif terhadap waktu seperti aplikasi waktu nyata, tetapi juga menjadikannya sebagai blok bangunan yang berharga dalam struktur data lain yang memberikan jaminan kasus terburuk; + sebagai contoh, banyak struktur data yang digunakan dalam geometri komputasi dapat didasarkan pada red/black trees, dan Penjadwal yang Benar-Benar Adil yang digunakan dalam kernel Linux saat ini menggunakan red/black trees. + Di Java versi 8, Collection HashMap telah dimodifikasi sedemikian rupa sehingga alih-alih menggunakan LinkedList untuk menyimpan elemen identik dengan kode hash yang buruk, red/black trees digunakan + - [Aduni - Algoritma - Kuliah 4 (link lompat ke titik awal) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [Aduni - Algoritma - Kuliah 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [Pengantar Pencarian Biner Dan Red-Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) - - [ ] **2-3 search trees** - - In practice: - 2-3 trees have faster inserts at the expense of slower searches (since height is more compared to AVL trees). - - You would use 2-3 tree very rarely because its implementation involves different types of nodes. Instead, people use Red Black trees. - - [ ] [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) - - [ ] [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - **2-3 search trees** + - Dalam praktek: + 2-3 trees memiliki penyisipan yang lebih cepat dengan mengorbankan pencarian yang lebih lambat (karena ketinggian lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan AVL trees). + - Anda akan sangat jarang menggunakan 2-3 trees karena implementasinya melibatkan berbagai jenis node. Sebaliknya, orang menggunakan red–black trees. + - [Intuisi dan Definisi 23-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [Tampilan Biner dari 23-Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [2-3 Trees (pengajian siswa) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** - - In practice: - For every 2-4 tree, there are corresponding red–black trees with data elements in the same order. The insertion and deletion - operations on 2-4 trees are also equivalent to color-flipping and rotations in red–black trees. This makes 2-4 trees an - important tool for understanding the logic behind red–black trees, and this is why many introductory algorithm texts introduce - 2-4 trees just before red–black trees, even though **2-4 trees are not often used in practice**. - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqrqYXkth6Q&index=26&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - - [ ] [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + - **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** + - Dalam praktek: + Untuk setiap 2-4 trees, ada red–black trees yang sesuai dengan elemen data dalam urutan yang sama. + Operasi penyisipan dan penghapusan pada 2-4 trees juga setara dengan pembalikan warna dan rotasi pada red–black trees. + Hal ini membuat 2-4 trees menjadi alat penting untuk memahami logika di balik red–black trees, dan inilah mengapa banyak teks algoritme pengantar memperkenalkan 2-4 trees tepat sebelum red–black trees, meskipun **2-4 trees tidak sering digunakan dalam praktik**. + - [CS 61B Kuliah 26: Pohon Pencarian Seimbang (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) + - [Bawah Atas 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [Atas Bawah 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) - - [ ] **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** - - note: the N or K is the branching factor (max branches) - - binary trees are a 2-ary tree, with branching factor = 2 - - 2-3 trees are 3-ary - - [ ] [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + - **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** + - catatan: N atau K adalah faktor percabangan (cabang maks) + - pohon biner adalah pohon 2-ary, dengan faktor percabangan = 2 + - 2-3 pohon adalah 3-ary + - [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) - - [ ] **B-Trees** - - fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor) - - In Practice: - B-Trees are widely used in databases. Most modern filesystems use B-trees (or Variants). In addition to - its use in databases, the B-tree is also used in filesystems to allow quick random access to an arbitrary - block in a particular file. The basic problem is turning the file block i address into a disk block - (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address. - - [ ] [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) - - [ ] [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) - - [ ] [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - **B-Trees** + - Fakta menyenangkan: ini adalah misteri, tetapi B bisa berarti Boeing, Balanced, atau Bayer (co-inventor). + - Dalam praktek: + B-Trees banyak digunakan dalam database. Kebanyakan filesystem modern menggunakan B-tree (atau Variants). Sebagai tambahannya + penggunaannya dalam database, B-tree juga digunakan dalam sistem file untuk memungkinkan akses acak cepat ke sembarang + blokir di file tertentu. Masalah dasarnya adalah mengubah alamat file blok i menjadi blok disk + (atau mungkin ke alamat sektor kepala silinder) + - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [Struktur Data B-Tree](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) + - [Pengantar B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [Definisi dan Penyisipan B-Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [Penghapusan B-Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [MIT 6.851 - Model Hirarki Memori (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) - ### k-D Trees - - great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object - - a good fit for k-nearest neighbors - - [ ] [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) - - [ ] [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + - Bagus untuk menemukan jumlah titik dalam persegi panjang atau objek berdimensi lebih tinggi + - Cocok untuk tetangga terdekat + - [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - [Algoritma kNN K-d tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) - ### Skip lists - - "These are somewhat of a cult data structure" - Skiena - - [ ] [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + -"Ini adalah semacam struktur data kultus" - Skiena + - [Pengacakan: Skip lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [Untuk animasi dan sedikit lebih detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) -- ### Network Flows - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - - [ ] [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) +- ### Aliran Jaringan + - [Ford-Fulkerson dalam 5 menit - Contoh langkah demi langkah (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) + - [Algoritma Ford-Fulkerson (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [Aliran Jaringan (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) - ### Disjoint Sets & Union Find - - [ ] [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAEGXTwmUsI&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=21) - - [ ] [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) + - [UCB 61B - Set Pemutusan; Penyortiran & pemilihan (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) + - [Algoritma Sedgewick - Union-Find (6 video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) -- ### Math for Fast Processing - - [ ] [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) +- ### Matematika untuk Pemrosesan Cepat + - [Aritmatika Integer, Perkalian Karatsuba (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [Teorema Sisa Cina (digunakan dalam kriptografi) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) - ### Treap - Combination of a binary search tree and a heap - - [ ] [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) - - [ ] [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) - - [ ] [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + - [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [Struktur Data: Penjelasan hierarki (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [Aplikasi dalam operasi set](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) -- ### Linear Programming (videos) - - [ ] [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) - - [ ] [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) - - [ ] [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) - - [ ] [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) +- ### Pemrograman Linear (video) + - [Pemrograman Linear](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [Menemukan biaya minimum](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [Menemukan nilai maksimum](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [Memecahkan Persamaan Linear dengan Python - Algoritma Simpleks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) -- ### Geometry, Convex hull (videos) - - [ ] [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) - - [ ] [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) +- ### Geometry, Convex hull (video) + - [Grafik Alg. IV: Pengantar algoritma geometris - Kuliah 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [Algoritma Geometris: Graham & Jarvis - Kuliah 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [Bagilah & Taklukkan: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) -- ### Discrete math - - see videos below +- ### Matematika diskrit + - lihat video di bawah ini -- ### Machine Learning - - [ ] Why ML? - - [ ] [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) - - [ ] [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) - - [ ] [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) - - [ ] [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) - - [ ] [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) - - [ ] [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) - - [ ] [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) - - [ ] [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) - - Courses: - - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) - - [videos only](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) - - see videos 12-18 for a review of linear algebra (14 and 15 are duplicates) - - [Neural Networks for Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) - - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) - - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) - - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) - - [Metis Online Course ($99 for 2 months)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) - - Resources: - - Books: - - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) - - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) - - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) - - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) +- ### Pembelajaran Mesin (Machine Learning) + - Kenapa ML? + - [Bagaimana Google Mengubah Dirinya Sebagai Perusahaan Machine Learning First](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + - [Pembelajaran Mendalam Skala Besar untuk Sistem Komputer Cerdas (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + - [Pembelajaran Mendalam dan Dapat Dipahami versus Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak dan Verifikasi oleh Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + - [Alat pembelajaran Mesin Cloud Google (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + - [Resep Pembelajaran Mesin Google Developers (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + - [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [Tutorials Tensorflow](https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials) + - [Panduan Praktis untuk mengimplementasikan Jaringan Neural dengan Python (menggunakan Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + - Kursus: + - [Kursus pemula yang bagus: Pembelajaran Mesin](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) + - [video saja](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) + - lihat video 12-18 untuk review aljabar linier (14 dan 15 adalah duplikat) + - [Nanodegree Deep Learning Google](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) + - [Nanodegree Machine Learning Engineer Google / Kaggle](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree--nd009t) + - [Nanodegree, Insinyur Mobil Mengemudi Mandiri](https://www.udacity.com/drive) + - Sumber: + - Buku: + - [Pembelajaran Mesin Python](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) + - [Ilmu Data dari Awal: Prinsip Pertama dengan Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) + - [Pengantar Machine Learning dengan Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) + - [Pembelajaran Mesin untuk Insinyur Perangkat Lunak](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ -- ### Go - - [ ] Videos: - - [ ] [Why Learn Go?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTl0tl9BGdc) - - [ ] [Go Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CF9S4QZuV30) - - [ ] [A Tour of Go](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytEkHepK08c) - - [ ] Books: - - [ ] [An Introduction to Programming in Go (read free online)](https://www.golang-book.com/books/intro) - - [ ] [The Go Programming Language (Donovan & Kernighan)](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Addison-Wesley-Professional-Computing/dp/0134190440) - - [ ] [Bootcamp](https://www.golang-book.com/guides/bootcamp) - -- -## Additional Detail on Some Subjects +## Detail Tambahan tentang Beberapa Subjek - I added these to reinforce some ideas already presented above, but didn't want to include them - above because it's just too much. It's easy to overdo it on a subject. - You want to get hired in this century, right? + Saya menambahkan ini untuk memperkuat beberapa ide yang sudah disajikan di atas, tetapi tidak ingin memasukkannya di atas karena terlalu banyak. Sangat mudah untuk melakukannya secara berlebihan pada suatu subjek. + Anda ingin dipekerjakan di abad ini, bukan? -- [ ] **Union-Find** - - [ ] [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) - - [ ] [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) - - [ ] [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) - - [ ] [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) - - [ ] [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) - - [ ] [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) +- **SOLID** + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle (Prinsip Tanggung Jawab Tunggal)](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Tanggung jawab tunggal untuk setiap Objek](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [lebih banyak rasa](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principle (Prinsip Terbuka / Tertutup)](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [Pada tingkat produksi, Objek siap untuk ekstensi tetapi tidak untuk modifikasi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [lebih banyak rasa](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principle (Prinsip Substitusi Liskov)](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Class Dasar dan Class Turunan mengikuti prinsip 'IS A'](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [lebih banyak rasa](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle (Prinsip pemisahan antarmuka)](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | klien tidak boleh dipaksa untuk mengimplementasikan antarmuka yang tidak mereka gunakan + - [Prinsip Pemisahan Antarmuka dalam 5 menit (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [lebih banyak rasa](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D - [Dependency Inversion principle (Prinsip Ketergantungan Inversi)](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Kurangi dependency dalam komposisi objek. + - [Mengapa Prinsip Pembalikan Ketergantungan Dan Mengapa Itu Penting](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [lebih banyak rasa](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) -- [ ] **More Dynamic Programming** (videos) - - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) - - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) - - [ ] [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) - - [ ] [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) -- [ ] **Advanced Graph Processing** (videos) - - [ ] [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) - - [ ] [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) +- **Union-Find** + - [Gambaran](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [Implementasi yang Naif](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [Pohon](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [Union Berdasarkan Pangkat](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [Kompresi Jalur](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [Opsi Analisis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) -- [ ] MIT **Probability** (mathy, and go slowly, which is good for mathy things) (videos): - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) +- **Lebih banyak Pemrograman Dinamis** (videos) + - [6.006: Pemrograman Dinamis I: Fibonacci, Jalur Terpendek](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + - [6.006: Pemrograman Dinamis II: Justifikasi Teks, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + - [6.006: DP III: Tanda kurung, Edit Jarak, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + - [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [6.046: Pemrograman Dinamis & DP Lanjutan](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [6.046: Pemrograman Dinamis: Jalur Terpendek Semua Pasangan](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [6.046: Pemrograman Dinamis (pengkajian siswa)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) -- [ ] [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) +- **Pemrosesan Graph Lanjutan** (video) + - [Algoritma Terdistribusi Sinkron: Pemutusan Simetri. Jalur Terpendek yang Merentangkan Pohon](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [Algoritma Terdistribusi Asynchronous: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) -- [ ] **String Matching** - - [ ] Rabin-Karp (videos): - - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) - - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) - - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) - - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) - - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) - - [ ] Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): - - [TThe Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) - - [ ] Boyer–Moore string search algorithm - - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) - - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) - - [ ] [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) - - starts off great, but by the time it gets past KMP it gets more complicated than it needs to be - - nice explanation of tries - - can be skipped +- MIT **Probabilitas** (matematika, dan lakukan perlahan, yang bagus untuk hal-hal matematika) (video): + - [MIT 6.042J - Pengenalan Probabilitas](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Probabilitas Bersyarat](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [DENGAN 6.042J - Kemerdekaan](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Variabel Acak](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [MIT 6.042J - Harapan I.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Harapan II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Penyimpangan Besar](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Jalan Acak](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) -- [ ] **Sorting** +- [Simonson: Algoritma Perkiraan (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) - - [ ] Stanford lectures on sorting: - - [ ] [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): - - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) - - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) - - [ ] Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: - - [ ] [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) +- **Pencocokan String** + - Rabin-Karp (videos): + - [Algoritma Rabin Karps](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) + - [Prekomputasi](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) + - [Optimasi: Implementasi dan Analisis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) + - [Penggandaan Meja, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) + - [Rolling Hashes, Analisis Amortisasi](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) + - Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): + - [Algoritma Pencocokan String Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) + - Algoritma pencarian string Boyer – Moore + - [Algoritma Pencarian String Boyer-Moore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) + - [Algoritma Boyer-Moore-Horspool Pencarian String Lanjutan (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) + - [Coursera: Algoritma pada String](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - dimulai dengan baik, tetapi pada saat melewati KMP, hal itu menjadi lebih rumit dari yang seharusnya + - penjelasan yang bagus tentang percobaan + - bisa dilewati -## Video Series +- **Penyortiran** -Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P + - Kuliah Stanford tentang penyortiran: + - [Kuliah 15 | Abstraksi Pemrograman (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [Kuliah 16 | Abstraksi Pemrograman (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - [Algoritma - Sortasi - Kuliah 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [Algoritma - Sorting II - Kuliah 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - Steven Skiena memberi kuliah tentang penyortiran: + - [kuliah dimulai pada 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [kuliah dimulai pada 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [kuliah dimulai pada 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [kuliah dimulai pada 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) -- [ ] [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) +## Seri Video -- [ ] [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) +Duduk dan nikmati. "Netflix dan keterampilan": P -- [ ] [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) +- [Daftar masalah Pemrograman Dinamis individu (masing-masing pendek)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) -- [ ] [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) +- [x86 Arsitektur, Perakitan, Aplikasi (11 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) -- [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) +- [MIT 18.06 Linear Aljabar, Musim Semi 2005 (35 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) +- [Luar Biasa - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) +- [Ilmu Komputer 70, 001 - Musim Semi 2015 - Matematika Diskrit dan Teori Probabilitas](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) -- [ ] CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) - - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) +- [Matematika Diskrit oleh Shai Simonson (19 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFPmKGIrQs4&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) +- [Matematika Diskrit Bagian 1 oleh Sarada Herke (5 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) +- CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) + - [Kuliah Skiena dari Algoritma Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJJeUFyuvvg&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Musim Semi 2014): Struktur Data (25 video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) -- [ ] [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Musim Gugur 2006): Struktur Data (39 video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr) +- [UC Berkeley 61C: Struktur Mesin (26 video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) -- [ ] [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) +- [OOSE: Software Dev Menggunakan UML dan Java (21 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) -- [ ] [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) +- ~~ [UC Berkeley CS 152: Arsitektur dan Teknik Komputer (20 video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~ -- [ ] [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) +- [MIT 6.004: Struktur Komputasi (49 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDSlqjcPpoL64CJdF0Qee5oWqGS6we_Yu) -- [ ] [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) +- [Carnegie Mellon - Kuliah Arsitektur Komputer (39 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) -- [ ] [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) +- [MIT 6.006: Pengantar Algoritma (47 video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) -- [ ] [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) +- [MIT 6.033: Teknik Sistem Komputer (22 video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) -- [ ] [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) +- [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) -- [ ] [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) +- [MIT 6.042J: Matematika untuk Ilmu Komputer, Musim Gugur 2010 (25 video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) -- [ ] [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) +- [MIT 6.046: Desain dan Analisis Algoritma (34 video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) -- [ ] [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) +- [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) -- [ ] [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) +- [MIT 6.851: Struktur Data Lanjutan (22 video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) -- [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) +- [MIT 6.854: Algoritma Lanjutan, Musim Semi 2016 (24 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) -- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=9D558D49CA734A02) +- [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Algoritma Lanjutan (25 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) -- [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) - - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) +- [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Musim Gugur 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- [ ] [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) +- [Stanford: Paradigma Pemrograman (27 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) -- [ ] [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) +- [Pengantar Kriptografi oleh Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) + - [Situs Kursus bersama dengan Slide dan Kumpulan Soal](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) -## Computer Science Courses +- [Menambang Kumpulan Data Besar-besaran - Universitas Stanford (94 video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) -- [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) -- [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) +- [Teori Grafik oleh Sarada Herke (67 video)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) + +## Kursus Ilmu Komputer + +- [Direktori Kursus CS Online](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) +- [Direktori Kursus CS (banyak dengan kuliah online)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) + +## Implementasi Algoritma + +- [Implementasi Berbagai Algoritma oleh Princeton University)](https://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/code) + +## Dokumen + +- [Suka makalah klasik?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) +- [1978: Mengkomunikasikan Proses Berurutan](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [implementasi di Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) +- [2003: Sistem Berkas Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - digantikan oleh Colossus pada tahun 2012 +- [2004: MapReduce: Pemrosesan Data yang Disederhanakan pada Kluster Besar](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - kebanyakan digantikan oleh Cloud Dataflow? +- [2006: Bigtable: Sistem Penyimpanan Terdistribusi untuk Data Terstruktur](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) + - [Melihat ke dalam Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) +- [2006: Layanan Chubby Lock untuk Sistem Terdistribusi yang Dirangkai Secara Longgar](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) +- [2007: Dynamo: Toko Nilai Kunci Amazon yang Sangat Tersedia](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) + - Makalah Dynamo memulai revolusi NoSQL +- [2007: Yang Harus Diketahui Setiap Programmer Tentang Memori (sangat panjang, dan penulis mendorong untuk melewatkan beberapa bagian)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) +- [2010: Dapper, Infrastruktur Pelacakan Sistem Terdistribusi Skala Besar](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) +- [2010: Dremel: Analisis Interaktif Kumpulan Data Skala Web](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) +- [2012: Colossus Google](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) + - kertas tidak tersedia +- 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: + - [kertas](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) +- 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: + - [kertas](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) +- [2014: Pembelajaran Mesin: Kartu Kredit Berbunga Tinggi dari Hutang Teknis](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) +- [2015: Continuous Pipelines di Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +- [2015: Ketersediaan Tinggi dalam Skala Besar: Membangun Infrastruktur Data Google untuk Iklan](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +- [2015: TensorFlow: Machine Learning Skala Besar pada Sistem Terdistribusi Heterogen](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) +- [2015: Bagaimana Pengembang Menelusuri Kode: Studi Kasus](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +- [2016: Borg, Omega, dan Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) + +## LISENSI + +[CC-BY-SA-4.0](../LICENSE.txt) + +Terjemahan Bahasa Indonesia dipersembahkan oleh + +- @[hexatester](https://github.com/hexatester) +- @[santosomichael](https://github.com/santosomichael) +- @[dikiaap](https://github.com/dikiaap) +- @[rvlewerissa](https://github.com/rvlewerissa) +- @[ziishaned](https://github.com/ziishaned) +- @[rimonmostafiz](https://github.com/rimonmostafiz) +- @[hwhung0111](https://github.com/hwhung0111) +- @[fahminlb33](https://github.com/fahminlb33) +- @[davidsetyanugraha](https://github.com/davidsetyanugraha) diff --git a/translations/README-ja.md b/translations/README-ja.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3610103 --- /dev/null +++ b/translations/README-ja.md @@ -0,0 +1,1972 @@ +# コーディング面接の大学 + +>私はもともとこれをソフトウェアエンジニアになるための短いトピックリストとして作成しましたが、 +>今日それは大きなリストに成長しました。この調査計画を経て、[私はAmazonで +> ソフトウェアエンジニアとして雇われました！！](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu) +>おそらく、あなたは私ほど勉強する必要はないでしょう。とにかく、必要なものはすべてここにあります。 +> +>ここに掲載されている項目を学べば、Amazon、Facebook、Google、Microsoftなど +>大手企業を含む、ほぼすべてのソフトウェア会社の面接に備えることができます。 +> +> *あなたに最高の幸運がありますように!* + +翻訳： +- [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) +- [TiếngViệt - ベトナム語](translations/README-vi.md) +- [Español](translations/README-es.md) + +翻訳中： +- [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +- [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) +- [インドネシア語](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) +- [アラビア語](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) +- [トルコ語](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) +- [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) +- [ロシア語](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) +- [ウクライナ](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [ブラジルのポルトガル語](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/113) +- [韓国語](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) +- [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) +- [Polish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/122) +- [ドイツ語](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/135) +- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) +- [タイ語](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +- [ギリシャ語](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) +- [Italian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) + +
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+
+
+ +## これは何？ + +これは、Webエンジニア(独学で、CS学位なし)から大企業のソフトウェアエンジニアを目指すための私の複数月の学習計画です。 + +![ホワイトボードでのコーディング - HBOのシリコンバレーから](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) + +これは、 **新人ソフトウェアエンジニア** 、またはソフトウェア/ Webエンジニアからソフトウェアエンジニア（CSの知識が必要な場合）に転職する人を対象にしています。 +長年のソフトウェアエ開発経験をお持ちの場合は、より面白い面接を期待してください。 + +あなたに何年ものソフトウェア/Web開発経験がある場合、Google、Amazon、Facebook、Microsoftなどの大規模なソフトウェア会社は、ソフトウェア/Web開発力ではなくソフトウェア工学に関して見ており、そのためにはCSに関する知識が必要となることをご了承ください。 + +SREまたはシステムエンジニアになりたい場合は、オプションのリスト(ネットワーク、セキュリティ)から詳細を調べてください。 + +--- + +## 目次 + + + +- [コーディング面接の大学](#コーディング面接の大学) + - [これは何？](#これは何) + - [目次](#目次) + - [なぜこれを使用するのか](#なぜこれを使用するのか) + - [それの使い方](#それの使い方) + - [あなたは十分にスマートではないと感じないでください](#あなたは十分にスマートではないと感じないでください) + - [ビデオリソースについて](#ビデオリソースについて) + - [面接のプロセスと一般的な面接の準備](#面接のプロセスと一般的な面接の準備) + - [面接のための1つの言語を選ぶ](#面接のための1つの言語を選ぶ) + - [ブックリスト](#ブックリスト) + - [面接の準備](#面接の準備) + - [コンピュータアーキテクチャ](#コンピュータアーキテクチャ) + - [言語固有](#言語固有) + - [C++](#c) + - [Java](#java) + - [Python](#python) + - [始める前に](#始める前に) + - [1.あなたはそれをすべて覚えていない](#1あなたはそれをすべて覚えていない) + - [2.フラッシュカードを使用する](#2フラッシュカードを使用する) + - [3.レビュー、レビュー、評価](#3レビューレビュー評価) + - [4.フォーカス](#4フォーカス) + - [カバーされていないもの](#カバーされていないもの) + - [日々の計画](#日々の計画) + - [前提知識](#前提知識) + - [アルゴリズムの複雑さ/ Big-O / Asymptotic解析](#アルゴリズムの複雑さ-big-o--asymptotic解析) + - [データ構造](#データ構造) + - [その他の知識](#その他の知識) + - [木](#木) + - [ソート](#ソート) + - [グラフ](#グラフ) + - [さらに多くの知識](#さらに多くの知識) + - [システム設計、スケーラビリティ、データ処理](#システム設計スケーラビリティデータ処理) + - [最終レビュー](#最終レビュー) + - [コーディングの質問練習](#コーディングの質問練習) + - [コード演習/挑戦](#コード演習挑戦) + - [面接に近づいたら](#面接に近づいたら) + - [あなたの履歴書](#あなたの履歴書) + - [面接が来たときに考えてください](#面接が来たときに考えてください) + - [面接官に質問があります](#面接官に質問があります) + - [一度あなたは仕事を得た](#一度あなたは仕事を得た) + - [その他の書籍](#その他の書籍) + - [その他の学習](#その他の学習) + - [追加科目の詳細](#追加科目の詳細) + - [ビデオシリーズ](#ビデオシリーズ) + - [コンピュータサイエンスコース](#コンピュータサイエンスコース) + +## なぜこれを使用するのか + +私はこのプロジェクトを始めたとき、ヒープからスタックを知りませんでしたし、Big-O とは何か、木構造に関すること、グラフをたどる方法を知らなかったのです。 +ソートアルゴリズムをコーディングしなければならない場合は、あまりうまくいきませんでした。 +これまで使用してきたすべてのデータ構造は言語に組み込まれていて、どのようにしてそれらがどのようにして動作するのか分かりませんでした。 +私が実行していたプロセスが "メモリ不足"エラーを出さない限り、メモリを管理する必要はありませんでしたが、回避策を見つけなければなりません。 +私は人生で数多くの多次元配列を使用していましたが、何千もの連想配列を使用しましたが、データ構造を一から作成したことはありません。 + + +それは長い計画です。あなたに数ヶ月かかるかもしれません。 +すでに多くのことに慣れていれば、それほど時間がかかりません。 + +## それの使い方 + +下のすべてがアウトラインです。 +アイテムを上から下に順番に取り組まなければなりません。 + +私はGithubの特別なマークダウンフレーバーを使用しています。 + +**新しいブランチを作成して、このような項目をチェックできるようにしてください．xを角かっこに入れてください：[x]** + + +    ブランチをフォークし、以下のコマンドに従ってください。 + +`git checkout -b progress` + +`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` + +`git fetch --all` + +    変更を完了した後にXですべてのボックスにマークを付ける + +`git add . ` + +`git commit -m "マークされたx"` + +`git rebase jwasham/main` + +`git push --force` + +[Github風マークダウンの詳細](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) + +## あなたは十分にスマートではないと感じないでください +- 成功したソフトウェアエンジニアはスマートですが、多くの人はスマートではないという不安があります。 +- [天才プログラマーの神話](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +- [一人で行くのは危険だ：テクノロジーの見えない魔物と戦う](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) + +--- + +## ビデオリソースについて + +一部のビデオは、Coursera、EdX、またはLynda.comクラスに登録することによってのみ利用できます。 +これらはMOOCと呼ばれています。 +時にはクラスがセッションに入っていないので、数ヶ月待つ必要があるため、アクセス権がありません。 +Lynda.comコースは有料です。 + +オンラインコースビデオに付随するYouTubeビデオなど、無料で常時利用可能なパブリックソースを追加することに感謝します。 +私は大学の講義を使うのが好きです。 + + +## 面接のプロセスと一般的な面接の準備 + +- [ ] [ABC：常にコーディングする](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) +- [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) +- [ ] [プログラミング面接中の効果的なホワイトボード](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) +- [ ] [技術職募集での謎解き](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] クラッキングコーディング面接セット1： + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - コーディング面接(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Gayle Laakmann McDowell(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ)とのコーディング面接をクラッキング +- [ ] ビッグ4で仕事を得る方法： + - [ ] [Amazon、Facebook、Google、Microsoftで仕事を手に入れる方法(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) +- [ ] 準備コース： + - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed(有料コース)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed)： + - 以前のGoogle面接官からソフトウェアエンジニアの面接準備をする方法を学びます。 + - [ ] [データ構造、アルゴリズム、面接のためのPython! (有料コース)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/)： + - データ構造、アルゴリズム、模擬面接などを扱うPython中心の面接の準備コース。 + +## 面接のための1つの言語を選ぶ + +面接のコーディングの部分に慣れ親しんだ言語を使用することはできますが、大企業にとってはこれらの選択肢が確実です。 + +- C ++ +- Java +- Python + +これらを使用することもできますが、最初に読んでください。注意が必要な場合があります： + +- JavaScript +- Ruby + +あなたは言語に非常に慣れて知識が必要です。 + +選択肢についてもっと読む： +- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ +- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ + +[言語リソースはこちら](programming-language-resources.md) + +私は学習しているので、以下に含まれるC、C ++、Pythonの学習を見ることができます。 +いくつかの本があります、下を参照してください。 + +## ブックリスト + +これは私が使ったものよりも短いリストです。これは時間を節約するために省略されています。 + +### 面接の準備 + +- [ ] [プログラミング面接の公開：あなたの次の仕事への秘密、第2版](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) + - C ++とJavaの回答 + - コーディング面接をクラッキングするためのウォームアップが良い + - あまりにも難しくない、ほとんどの問題はあなたが面接で（私が読んだことから）見ることよりも簡単かもしれない +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview、第6版](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) +- [ ] [日本語版(世界で闘うプログラミング力を鍛える本)](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4839960100/ref=cm_sw_r_tw_dp_6TFC3Y2R6TQTDEFFFPKZ) + - Javaでの回答 + +もし余分な時間があれば： + +- [ ] [プログラミング面接の要素(C ++版)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [ ] プログラミング面接の要素(Java版) + - [本](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [コンパニオンプロジェクト - 本のすべての問題のメソッドスタブとテストケース](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) + +### コンピュータアーキテクチャ + +短期： + +- [ ] [グレートコードの作成：第1巻：マシンの理解](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) +- [ ] [日本語版：Write Great Code〈Vol.1〉ハードウェアを知り、ソフトウェアを書く](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4839918201/ref=cm_sw_r_tw_dp_69724M3EHRJ8E7A14JNC) + - この本は2004年に出版され、幾分古いですが、コンピュータを簡単に理解するには素晴らしいリソースです。 + - 作者はHLAを発明したので、塩の穀物でHLAの言及と例を取り上げます。広く使われているわけではありませんが、どのようなアセンブリのように見えますか？ + - これらの章はあなたに素敵な基礎を与えるために読む価値があります： + - 第2章 - 数値表現 + - 第3章 - 2進算術とビット演算 + - 第4章 - 浮動小数点表現 + - 第5章 - キャラクター表現 + - 第6章 - メモリ構成とアクセス + - 第7章 - 複合データ型とメモリオブジェクト + - 第9章 - CPUアーキテクチャ + - 第10章 - 命令セットのアーキテクチャ + - 第11章 - メモリのアーキテクチャと構成 + +もっと時間があれば(私はこの本が欲しい)： + +- [ ] [Computer Architecture、第5版：定量的アプローチ](https://www.amazon.com/dp/012383872X/) +- [ ] [日本語最新版：コンピュータアーキテクチャ[第6版]定量的アプローチ](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4434264001/) + - お金がある人向け、より最新（2017（日本語版は2019））かつ歴史も長い + +### 言語固有 + +**面接の言語を選択する必要があります(上記参照)。** ここで私の推奨する言語です。私はすべての言語のためのリソースがありません。私は追加を歓迎する。 + +これらのうちの1つを読んだら、コーディングの問題を開始するために必要なすべてのデータ構造とアルゴリズムの知識が必要です。 +**あなたがレビューをしたくない場合は、このプロジェクト**のビデオ講義をすべてスキップすることができます。 + +[ここに言語固有の追加リソースがあります](programming-language-resources.md) + +### C++ + +私はこれらの2つを読んだことはありませんが、Sedgewickによって高く評価され書かれています。彼は素晴らしいです。 + +- [ ] [C++でのアルゴリズム、パート1-4：基礎、データ構造、ソート、検索](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) +- [ ] [C++でのアルゴリズム第5部：グラフアルゴリズム](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) + +C++の推奨事項がある場合は、私に知らせてください。包括的なリソースを探しています。 + +### Java + +- [ ] [アルゴリズム(Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - 書籍コンテンツの動画(とSedgewick!)： + - [アルゴリズム1](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=2) + - [アルゴリズムII](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=3&view=50&sort=dd) + +OR： + +- [ ] [Javaにおけるデータ構造とアルゴリズム](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) + - Goodrich、Tamassia、Goldwasserによる + - UCバークレーのCSイントロコースのオプションテキストとして使用 + - 下のPython版の私の本のレポートを見てください。この本は同じトピックを扱っています。 + +### Python + +- [ ] [Pythonのデータ構造とアルゴリズム](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - Goodrich、Tamassia、Goldwasserによる + - 私はこの本が好きだった。それはすべてをカバーしました。 + - Pythonコード + - 私の輝く本のレポート：https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ + + + +## 始める前に + +このリストは何ヶ月にもわたって成長しました。 + +ここで私が作ったいくつかの間違いがあります。 +あなたはより良い経験をするでしょう。 + +### 1.あなたはそれをすべて覚えていない + +私は数時間のビデオを見て、豊富なメモを取りました。 +そして数ヶ月後に私は覚えていないほどでした。 +私はメモを書き、フラッシュカードを作って見直すことができるように3日間過ごしました。 + +あなたが私と同じ間違いをしないように読んでください： + +[コンピュータ科学知識の保持](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) + +### 2.フラッシュカードを使用する + +この問題を解決するために、私は2種類のフラッシュカード、一般とコードを追加できる小さなフラッシュカードサイトを作った。 +各カードのフォーマットは異なります。 + +私はモバイル先のウェブサイトを作ったので、どこにいても電話とタブレットを見直すことができました。 + +あなた自身を無料で作る： + +- [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) +- [マイフラッシュカードデータベース(旧1200カード)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db)： +- [マイフラッシュカードデータベース(新1800カード)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db)： + +覚えておいてほしいのですが，私はやりすぎてしまい、アセンブリ言語，機械学習のためのPythonのトリビア，統計に至るまですべてのカードをカバーしています。 +何が必要なのかはあまりにも大変です。 + +**フラッシュカードについての注意：** 最初に答えを知っているときは、それを既知のものとしてマークしないでください。 +あなたは本当にそれを知る前に、同じカードを見て、それを正しく数回答えなければなりません。 +繰り返すことで、その知識があなたの脳に深く浸透します。 + + +私のフラッシュカードサイトを使用する代わりに[Anki](http://ankisrs.net/)が何度も私に勧められています。 +繰り返しシステムを使用して覚えやすくなります。 +ユーザーフレンドリーで、すべてのプラットフォームで利用でき、クラウド同期システムを備えています。 +iOSでは25ドル、他のプラットフォームでは無料です。 + +Anki形式の私のフラッシュカードデータベース：https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560(thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) + + +### 3.レビュー、レビュー、評価 + +私は、ASCII、OSI参照モデル、Big-O記法などのチートシートを用意しています。私は余裕があるときに勉強します。 + +プログラミングの問題から30分ほど休み、フラッシュカードを通過してください。 + +### 4.フォーカス + +貴重な時間を費やす可能性のある注意散漫がたくさんあります。集中と集中が難しい。 + +## カバーされていないもの + +これらは一般的な技術ですが、この調査計画の一部ではありません： + +- SQL +- Javascript +- HTML、CSS、およびその他のフロントエンド技術 + +## 日々の計画 + +一部の科目は1日を要し、いくつかは複数日を要する。 +いくつかは、何も実装することなく学習しているだけです。 + +毎日私は以下のリストから1つのテーマを取り上げ、そのテーマに関するビデオを見て、以下の実装を書いています： +- C - struct*と何か他のものをargsとする構造体と関数を使用する。 +- C++ - 組み込み型を使用しない +- C++ - 連結リストのSTLのstd :: listのような組込み型の使用 +- Python - 組み込み型を使用する(Pythonの練習を続ける) +- 簡単なassert（）文を使って、時には正しく動作することを保証するテストを書く +- あなたはJavaや他の何かをするかもしれませんが、これは私のことです。 + +あなたはこれらのすべてを必要としません。[面接のために必要な言語は1つだけです](面接のための1つの言語を選択します)。 + +なぜこれらすべてのコード？ +- 私はそれが病気になるまで練習、練習、練習をし、何の問題もありません（忘れてはいけないことがいくつかあります） +- 生の制約内で作業する(ガベージコレクションの助けを借りずにメモリを割り当てる/解放する(Pythonを除く)) +- 組み込みの型を利用して、実際の使用のために組み込みのツールを使用した経験を持ちます（本番環境で自分のリンクされたリストの実装を書くつもりはありません） + +私はすべてのテーマでこれらのすべてをやる時間がないかもしれませんが、私は試してみます。 + +あなたは私のコードをここに見ることができます： +- [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) +- [C ++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) +- [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + +あなたはすべてのアルゴリズムの内容を暗記する必要はありません。 + +コンピューターではなく、ホワイトボードや紙にコードを書く。いくつかのサンプル入力でテストします。次に、コンピュータでテストします。 + +## 前提知識 + +- [ ] **Cを学ぶ** + - Cはどこにでもあります。あなたは勉強している間、書籍、講義、ビデオ、*どこにでも*見ることができます。 + - [ ] [Cプログラミング言語、Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - これは短い本ですが、それはC言語の優れた処理方法を提供します。 + 少しでも練習すれば、すばやく習得できます。 Cを理解すると、プログラムやメモリの仕組みを理解するのに役立ちます。 + - [質問への回答](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) + +- [ ] **コンピュータがプログラムをどのように処理するか：** + - [ ] [CPUがプログラム(ビデオ)をどのように実行するか](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) + - [ ] [マシンコード命令(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2XQgpbTNE) + +## アルゴリズムの複雑さ/ Big-O / Asymptotic解析 +- 実装するものは何もない +- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - 漸近表記(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [BigO記法(一般的なクイックチュートリアル)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [BigO表記(とオメガとシータ) - 最良の数学的説明(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] Skiena： + - [動画](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [スライド](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) +- [ ] [アルゴリズム複雑さ分析への穏やかな紹介](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) +- [ ] [成長の命令(ビデオ)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/59) +- [ ] [漸近線(Asymptotics)(video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/61) +- [ ] [UCバークレー BigO(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [UCバークレー Big オメガ(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/ca3e7UVmeUc) +- [ ] [償却分析(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] [「Big Oを描く」(ビデオ)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/63) +- [ ] TopCoder(漸化関係とマスター定理を含む)： + - [計算の複雑さ：セクション1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [計算の複雑さ：セクション2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) +- [ ] [チートシート](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) + + +    講義の中には数学的にも余裕がある場合は、下にジャンプして +    離散数学ビデオを見て、背景知識を得る。 + +## データ構造 + +- ### 配列 + - 自動的にサイズ変更ベクトルを実装する。 + - [ ] 説明： + - [配列(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) + - [UCBerkley CS61B - 線形および多次元配列(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/Wp8oiO_CZZE?t=15m32s) + - [基本的な配列(video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Basic-arrays/149042/177104-4.html) + - [多次元(video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Multidimensional-arrays/149042/177105-4.html) + - [動的配列(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) + - [ジャグ配列(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [ジャグ配列(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Jagged-arrays/149042/177106-4.html) + - [配列のサイズ変更(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Resizable-arrays/149042/177108-4.html) + - [ ] ベクトルを実装する(自動サイズ変更可能な可変配列)： + - [ ] 配列とポインタを使用してコーディングを実践し、インデックスを使用する代わりにインデックスにジャンプするポインタ演算 + - [ ] 割り当てられたメモリを持つ新しい生データ配列 + - 内部で配列を割り当てることができますが、その機能は使用しません。 + - 16で開始するか、開始番号が大きい場合は、2 - 16,32,64,128の出力を使用します + - [ ] size() - 項目数 + - [ ] capacity() - 保持できるアイテムの数 + - [ ] is_empty() + - [ ] at(index) - 指定されたインデックスでitemを返し、インデックスが範囲外であれば吹き飛ばす + - [ ] push(item) + - [ ] insert(index,item) - itemをindexに挿入し、そのインデックスの値と末尾の要素を右側にシフトする + - [ ] prepend(item) - インデックス0に上記の挿入を使用できます + - [ ] pop() - 最後から削除し、値を返す + - [ ] delete(index) - インデックスの項目を削除し、すべての末尾の要素を左にシフトする + - [ ] remove(item) - 値を探し、それを保持するインデックスを削除します(複数の場所であっても) + - [ ] find(item) - valueを検索し、その値を持つ最初のインデックスを返します。見つからなければ-1を返します。 + - [ ] resize(new_capacity)//プライベート関数 + - 容量に達すると、サイズを2倍に変更します + - アイテムをポップするとき、サイズが容量の1/4である場合、サイズを半分に変更 + - [ ] 時間 + - 最後に追加/削除するO(1)(スペースを増やすために償却される)、索引、または更新 + - 他の場所に挿入/削除するO(n) + - [ ] 空間 + - メモリ内で連続しているため、プロキシミティはパフォーマンスに役立ちます + - 必要なスペース=(配列の容量, > = n)*アイテムのサイズですが、2nでもO(n) + +- ### 連結リスト + - [ ] 説明： + - [ ] [単独連結されたリスト(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) + - [ ] [CS 61B - 連結リスト1(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htzJdKoEmO0&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=7) + - [ ] [CS 61B - 連結リスト2(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-c4I3gFYe3w&index=8&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [Cコード(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) +            ビデオ全体ではなく、ノード構造体とメモリ割り当てに関する部分だけです。 + - [ ] 連結リスト Vs 配列： + - [コア連結リストs Vs 配列(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) + - [実世界の連結リスト Vs 配列(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/quaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs) + - [ ] [連結リスト(ビデオ)を避けるべき理由](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [ ] 分かったぞ！：ポインタの知識へのポインタが必要です： +        (そのポインタが指すアドレスを変更する可能性のある関数へのポインタを渡すとき) +        このページはptrからptrまでを把握するためのものです。このリストトラバーサルスタイルはお勧めしません。読みやすさと保守性は巧みさのために苦しんでいます。 + - [ポインターへのポインター](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) + - [ ] 実装する(私はテールポインタ＆なしで行った)： + - [ ] size() - リスト内のデータ要素の数を返す + - [ ] empty() - 空の場合はboolを返します + - [ ] value_at(index) - n番目の項目の値を返します(最初は0から始まります) + - [ ] push_front(value) - リストの先頭に項目を追加します + - [ ] pop_front() - 前面アイテムを削除してその値を返します + - [ ] push_back(value) - 最後に項目を追加する + - [ ] pop_back() - 終了アイテムを削除し、その値を返します + - [ ] front() - フロントアイテムの値を取得する + - [ ] back() - 終了項目の値を取得する + - [ ] insert(index、value) - インデックスに値を挿入するので、そのインデックスの現在のアイテムはインデックスの新しいアイテムによってポイントされます + - [ ] erase(index) - 指定したインデックスのノードを削除する + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - リストの最後からn番目のノードの値を返します + - [ ] reverse() - リストを反転する + - [ ] remove_value(value) - この値を持つリストの最初の項目を削除します。 + - [ ] 二重連結リスト + - [説明(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) + - 実装する必要はありません + +- ### スタック + - [ ] [Stacks(video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [スタックをの使用 Last-In First-Out(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-stacks-last-first-out/149042/177120-4.html) + - [ ] 実装されません。配列で実装するのは簡単です。 + +- ### キュー + - [ ] [キューの使用 First-In First-Out(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-queues-first-first-out/149042/177122-4.html) + - [ ] [キュー(video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) + - [ ] [環状バッファ/ FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [優先度つきキュー(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Priority-queues-deques/149042/177123-4.html) + - [ ] テールポインタ付き連結リストを使って実装する： + - enqueue(value) - テールの位置に値を追加する + - dequeue() - 値を返し、少なくとも最近追加された要素を削除する(前面) +        - empty() + - [ ] 固定長配列を使って実装する： + - enqueue(value) - 利用可能なストレージの最後にアイテムを追加する + - dequeue() - 値を返し、最近追加された要素のうち最も古い要素を削除します +        - empty() + - full() + - [ ] コスト： + - 最後の要素の次の要素が必要になるため、先頭にエンキューし、末尾をデキューするリンクリストを使用する悪い実装はO（n）になり、デキューごとに完全なトラバーサルが発生します + - enqueue：O(1)(償却、連結リストと配列[プロービング]) + - dequeue：O(1)(連結リストと配列) + - empty：O(1)(連結リストと配列) + +- ### ハッシュテーブル + - [ ] 動画： + - [ ] [連鎖によるハッシング(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + - [ ] [ダブリング、ラビン-カープ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [公開アドレス指定、暗号化ハッシング(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010：The Mighty Dictionary(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [(上級)Randomization：ユニバーサル＆完全 ハッシング(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [(高度)完全ハッシング(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + + - [ ] オンラインコース： + - [ ] [ハッシュ関数について(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Understanding-hash-functions/149042/177126-4.html) + - [ ] [ハッシュテーブルの使用(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-hash-tables/149042/177127-4.html) + - [ ] [ハッシングをサポートする(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Supporting-hashing/149042/177128-4.html) + - [ ] [言語サポートハッシュテーブル(ビデオ)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Language-support-hash-tables/149042/177129-4.html) + - [ ] [コアハッシュテーブル(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) + - [ ] [データ構造(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) + - [ ] [電話帳の問題(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) + - [ ] 分散ハッシュテーブル： + - [Dropbox(ビデオ)でインスタントアップロードとストレージの最適化](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) + - [分散ハッシュテーブル(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) + + - [ ] 線形プロービングを使用して配列で実装する + - hash(k、m) - mはハッシュテーブルのサイズです + - add(key、value) - キーがすでに存在する場合は、値を更新します。 + - exists(キー) + - get(key) + - remove(キー) + +## その他の知識 + +- ### 二分探索 + - [ ] [二分探索(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) + - [ ] [二分探索(ビデオ)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + - [ ] [詳細](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] 実装： + - 二分探索(ソートされた整数の配列) + - 再帰を利用した二分探索 + +- ### ビット演算 + - [ ] [ビットチートシート- 2 ^ 1から2 ^ 16および2 ^ 32までの2の累乗の多くを知るべきです](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) + - [ ] ＆、|、^、〜、>>、<<を使ってビットを操作することについての本当の理解を得る + - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) + - [ ]  [良いイントロ：ビット操作(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) + - [ ] [Cプログラミングチュートリアル2-10：ビット演算子(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) + - [ ] [ビット操作](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) + - [ ] [ビット演算](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) + - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [インタラクティブなBit Twiddler](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] 2と1の補数 + - [バイナリ：Plusses＆Minuses(なぜ2の補数を使うのか)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) + - [1の補数](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) + - [2の補数](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) + - [ ] カウントセットビット + - [1バイトのビットを数える4つの方法(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + - [カウントビット](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) + - [セットビットの数を32ビット整数で数える方法](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32ビット整数) + - [ ] 2の次の累乗に丸めます： + - [2つの次のパワーに回す](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/roundUpToNextPowerOfTwo.html) + - [ ] スワップ値： + - [スワップ](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + - [ ] 絶対値： + - [絶対整数](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) + +## 木 + +- ### 木 - メモと背景 + - [ ] [シリーズ：Core Trees(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) + - [ ] [シリーズ：木々(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) + - 基本的な木の構築 + - トラバーサル + - 操作アルゴリズム + - BFS(幅優先検索) + - [MIT(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - レベルオーダー(BFS、キューを使用) +            時間複雑度：O(n) +            空間の複雑さ：最適：O(1)、最悪：O(n / 2)= O(n) + - DFS(深さ優先探索) + - [MIT(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) +        - メモ： +            時間複雑度：O(n) +            空間の複雑さ： +                最良：O(log n) - 平均。木の高さ +                最悪：O(n) + - inorder(DFS：left、self、right) + - postorder(DFS：left、right、self) + - preorder(DFS：自己、左、右) + +- ### 二分探索木：BST + - [ ] [二分探索木レビュー(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [シリーズ(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) + - シンボルテーブルから始まり、BSTアプリケーションを経由します + - [ ] [はじめに(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) + - [ ] [MIT(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + - C / C ++： + - [ ] [二分探索木 - C / C ++での実装(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) + - [ ] [BSTの実装 - スタックとヒープのメモリ割り当て(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) + - [ ] [二分探索木(ビデオ)の最小要素と最大要素を検索](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [二分木の高さを見つける(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) + - [ ] [二分木トラバース - 幅優先戦略(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) + - [ ] [二分木：レベルオーダートラバーサル(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [二分木トラバーサル：Preorder、Inorder、Postorder(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [二分木が二分探索木かどうかを確認する(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [二分探索木(ビデオ)からノードを削除](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) + - [ ] [二分探索木(ビデオ)のInorder Successor](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] 実装： + - [ ] insert //木に値を挿入する + - [ ] get_node_count //格納された値の数を取得する + - [ ] print_values //最小値から最大値まで木の値を出力します + - [ ] delete_tree + - [ ] is_in_tree //与えられた値が木に存在する場合はtrueを返します + - [ ] get_height //ノードの高さを返します(単一ノードの高さは1です) + - [ ] get_min //木に格納されている最小値を返します + - [ ] get_max //木に格納されている最大値を返します + - [ ] is_binary_search_tree + - [ ] delete_value + - [ ] get_successor //指定された値の後に木の次に高い値を返し、存在しなければ-1を返します + +- ### ヒープ/優先度つきキュー/二分ヒープ + - 木として可視化されますが、通常はストレージ内で線形です(配列、連結リスト) + - [ ] [ヒープ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) + - [ ] [はじめに(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) + - [ ] [ナイーブな実装(video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [二分木(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) + - [ ] [木の高さ備考(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) + - [ ] [基本的な操作(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) + - [ ] [完全な二分木(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) + - [ ] [疑似コード(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) + - [ ] [ヒープソート - ジャンプして開始(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [ヒープソート(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) + - [ ] [ヒープを作る(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) + - [ ] [MIT：ヒープとヒープソート(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [CS 61B講義24：優先度つきキュー(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [線形時間BuildHeap(max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] 最大ヒープを実装する： + - [ ] insert + - [ ] sift_up - 挿入に必要 + - [ ] get_max - 最大項目を削除せずに返します + - [ ] get_size() - 格納された要素の数を返す + - [ ] is_empty() - ヒープに要素が含まれていない場合はtrueを返します。 + - [ ] extract_max - 最大アイテムを返し、それを削除します。 + - [ ] sift_down - extract_maxに必要です + - [ ] remove(i) - インデックスxのアイテムを削除する + - [ ] heapify - heap_sortに必要な要素の配列からヒープを作成する + - [ ] heap_sort() - ソートされていない配列を取り出し、最大ヒープを使用してソート済みの配列に変換します + - 注意：代わりにminヒープを使用すると、操作が節約されますが、必要な領域が2倍になります([in-place](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-place%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0)では実行できません)。 + +## ソート + +- [ ] note： + - ソートを実装し、最良のケース/最悪のケース、それぞれの平均的な複雑さを知る： + - バブルソートなし - ひどい - O(n ^ 2)、ただしn <= 16の場合を除く + - ソートアルゴリズムの安定性( "Quicksortは安定していますか？") + - [ソートアルゴリズムの安定性](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) + - [ソートアルゴリズムの安定性](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) + - [ソートアルゴリズムの安定性](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) + - [ソートアルゴリズム - 安定性](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) + - [ ] 連結リストで使用できるアルゴリズムはどれですか？どの配列ですか？両方でどちら？ + - 連結リストのソートはお勧めしませんが、マージソートは実行可能です。 + - [連結リストのマージソート](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) + +- ヒープソートについては、上記のヒープデータ構造を参照してください。ヒープソートは素晴らしいですが、安定していません。 + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort(5ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + - [ ] [1。 マージソート](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9&index=1) + - [ ] [2。 マージソート・ボトムアップ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGOIGUYjeyk&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9&index=2) + - [ ] [3。複雑さの並べ替え](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvU_mIWo0Ac&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + - [ ] [4。コンパレータ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MvC1kmBza0&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + - [ ] [5。安定性](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XD_5iINB5GI&index=5&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort(4ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [1. クイックソート](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M5A7qPWk84&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [2. 選択](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgVYfSyct_M&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [3. 重複キー](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBFzOYJ5ybM&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [4. システムソート](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rejpZ2htBjE&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + +- [ ] UCバークレー： + - [ ] [CS 61B講義29：ソートI(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EiUvYS2DT6I&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=29) + - [ ] [CS 61B講義30：ソートII(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hTY3t80Qsk&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=30) + - [ ] [CS 61B講義32：ソートIII(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6LOLpxg6Dc&index=32&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [CS 61B講義33：ソートV(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNMQ4ly43p4&index=33&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + +- [ ] [バブルソート(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [バブルソートの分析(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [挿入ソート、マージソート(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) +- [ ] [挿入ソート(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [マージソート(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [クイックソート(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [選択ソート(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) + +- [ ] マージソートコード： + - [ ] [出力配列(C)の使用](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) + - [ ] [出力配列(Python)の使用](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) + - [ ] [インプレース(C ++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) +- [ ] クイックソートコード： + - [ ] [Implementation(C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) + - [ ] [実装(C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) + - [ ] [実装(Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) + +- [ ] 実装： + - [ ] Mergesort：O(n log n)平均と最悪の場合 + - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n)平均の場合 + - 選択ソートと挿入ソートは両方ともO(n ^ 2)の平均と最悪の場合です + - ヒープソートについては、上記のヒープデータ構造を参照してください。 + +- [ ] 必須ではありませんが、私はそれらをお勧めしました： + - [ ] [Sedgewick - 基数ソート(6 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) + - [ ] [1. Javaの文字列](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRzU-FWsjNU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=6) + - [ ] [2. キーインデックスのカウント](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtgKYmXs62w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=5) + - [ ] [3. 最下位桁の最初の文字列の基数ソート](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pGVq_BwPKs&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=4) + - [ ] [4. 最も重要な数字の最初の文字列の基数ソート](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3cYNY90R6c&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) + - [ ] [5. 基数ソートの3つの方法](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVl58kfE6i8&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) + - [ ] [6。接尾辞配列](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=1) + - [ ] [基数ソート](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) + - [ ] [基数ソート(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [基数ソート、ソート(線形時間指定の制約)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [ランダム化：行列乗算、クイックソート、Freivaldsのアルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [線形時間で並べ替える(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) + +まとめとして、ここには[15ソートアルゴリズム](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg)の視覚的表現があります。 +このテーマの詳細が必要な場合は、[いくつかの科目の追加の詳細]の[ソート]の項を参照してください(#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) + +## グラフ + +グラフはコンピュータサイエンスの多くの問題を表現するために使用することができるので、このセクションは木やソートのように長いです。 + +- note： + - メモリにグラフを表示するには4つの基本的な方法があります： + - オブジェクトとポインタ + - 隣接行列 + - 隣接リスト + - 隣接マップ + - それぞれの表現とその長所と短所を熟知してください + - BFSとDFS - 計算の複雑さとそのトレードオフ、そしてそれらを実際のコードに実装する方法を知っている + - 質問が表示されたら、まずグラフベースのソリューションを探し、それがなければ進んでください。 + +- [ ] Skiena Lectures - 素晴らしいイントロ： + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講義11 - グラフデータ構造(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講義12 - 幅優先検索(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講義13 - グラフアルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講義14 - グラフアルゴリズム(1)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講義15 - グラフアルゴリズム(2)(動画)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講義16 - グラフアルゴリズム(3)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + +- [ ] グラフ(レビューなど)： + + - [ ] [6.006単一始点最短経路問題(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 ダイクストラ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 ベルマン-フォード法(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + - [ ] [6.006 ダイクストラ法のスピードアップ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + - [ ] [Aduni：グラフアルゴリズムI - トポロジカルソート、最小スパニング木、プリムのアルゴリズム - 講演6(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [Aduni：グラフアルゴリズムII - DFS、BFS、クラスカル法のアルゴリズム、連合探索データ構造 - 講義7(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7 ) + - [Aduni：グラフアルゴリズムIII：最短経路 - レクチャー8(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + - [ ] [Aduni：グラフアルゴリズムIV：幾何学アルゴリズムの紹介 - 第9講(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014(58:09から開始)(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014：加重グラフ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) + - [ ] [欲張りアルゴリズム：最小スパニング木(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [強固に接続されたコサラジュのアルゴリズムグラフアルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + +- フルcourseraコース： + - [ ] [グラフのアルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) + +- 私は実装します： + - [ ] 隣接リストを持つDFS(再帰的) + - [ ] 隣接リストを持つDFS(スタックで反復) + - [ ] 隣接行列を持つDFS(再帰的) + - [ ] 隣接行列を持つDFS(スタックで反復) + - [ ] 隣接リストを持つBFS + - [ ] 隣接行列を持つBFS + - [ ] 単一始点の最短経路(ダイクストラ) + - [ ] 最小スパニング木 + - DFSベースのアルゴリズム(上記のAduniの動画を参照)： + - [ ] サイクルをチェックする(トポロジカルソートに必要．開始前にサイクルをチェックする) + - [ ] トポロジカルソート + - [ ] グラフ内の接続されたコンポーネントをカウントする + - [ ] 強く接続されたコンポーネントを一覧表示する + - [ ] 二部グラフをチェックする + +Skienaの本(下記の書籍の節を参照)と面接の書籍 + +## さらに多くの知識 + +- ### 再帰 + - [ ] 再帰とバックトラックに関するスタンフォードの講義： + - [ ] [講義8 |プログラミングの抽象化(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) + - [ ] [講義9 |プログラミングの抽象化(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) + - [ ] [講義10 |プログラミングの抽象化(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [講義11 |プログラミングの抽象化(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) + - それを使用するのが適切なとき + - 尾の再帰はどのように優れていないのですか？ + - [ ] [テール再帰とは何かなぜそれが悪いのですか？](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) + - [ ] [テール再帰(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) + +- ### 動的プログラミング + - この問題はかなり難しいかもしれません。なぜなら、それぞれのDP可溶性問題は再帰関係として定義されなければならず、それを思い付くのは難しいかもしれないからです。 + - DPの問題の多くの例を見て、あなたが関連するパターンをしっかりと理解するまでお勧めします。 + - [ ] 動画： + - Skienaのビデオは、時には見ることができないほど小さすぎるホワイトボードを使用することがあるため、フォローするのが難しい場合があります + - [ ] [Skiena：CSE373 2012 - 講義19 - 動的プログラミング入門(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) + - [ ] [Skiena：CSE373 2012 - 講義20 - 編集距離(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) + - [ ] [Skiena：CSE373 2012 - 講義21 - 動的プログラミング例(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) + - [ ] [Skiena：CSE373 2012 - 講義22 - 動的プログラミングのアプリケーション(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson：動的プログラミング0(59:18から開始)(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson：動的プログラミングI - 講義11(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Simonson：動的プログラミングII - 講演12(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] 個々のDP問題のリスト(それぞれ短い)： +            [動的プログラミング(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + - [ ] イェール講義ノート： + - [ ] [動的プログラミング](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicプログラミング) + - [ ] Coursera： + - [ ] [RNA二次構造の問題(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) + - [ ] [動的プログラミングのアルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + - [ ] [DPアルゴリズムの説明(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DPアルゴリズムの実行時間(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP Vs 再帰的実装(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) + - [ ] [グローバル対配列アライメント(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [ローカル対配列アライメント(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + +- ### オブジェクト指向プログラミング + - [ ] [オプション：UML 2.0シリーズ(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) + - [ ] オブジェクト指向ソフトウェアエンジニアリング：UMLとJavaを使ったソフトウェア開発(21ビデオ)： + - OOとOOの設計方法を十分に理解している場合は、これをスキップできます。 + - [OOSE：UMLとJavaを使用したソフトウェア開発](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] SOLID OOP原則： + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLIDオブジェクト指向とアジャイルデザインの原則(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] [SOLID原則(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) + - [ ] S - [単一責任の原則](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html)| [各オブジェクトへの単一責任](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [もっと味](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [オープン/クローズの原則l](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html)| [プロダクションレベルではオブジェクトは拡張の準備ができていますが、変更はできません](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [もっと風味](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [リスコフの置換原則](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html)| [基本クラスと派生クラスは `IS A`プリンシパルに従います](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [もっと風味](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=ja) + - [ ] I - [インタフェース分離の原則](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html)|クライアントは、使用しないインタフェースを強制的に実装するべきではありません + - [インタフェース分離の原則5分(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [もっと味](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=ja) + - [ ] D - [依存性逆転の原則](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html)|オブジェクトの構成における依存関係を減らす。 + - [なぜ依存関係の逆転の原則とそれが重要なのか](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [もっと味](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=ja) + +- ### デザインパターン + - [ ] [クイックUMLレビュー(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) + - [ ] これらのパターンを学ぶ： + - [ ] Strategy(戦略) + - [ ] Singleton(単一要素) + - [ ] Adapter(アダプタ) + - [ ] Prototype(原型) + - [ ] Decorator(装飾者) + - [ ] Visitor(訪問者) + - [ ] Factory,AbstractFactory(工場、抽象工場) + - [ ] Facade(外見) + - [ ] Observer(観察者) + - [ ] Proxy(代理) + - [ ] Delegate(委任) + - [ ] Command(命令) + - [ ] State(状態) + - [ ] Memento(記念品) + - [ ] Iterator(イテレータ) + - [ ] Composite(合成) + - [ ] Flyweight(フライ級) + - [ ] [第6章(パート1) - パターン(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) + - [ ] [第6章(パート2) - 抽象化 - 発生、一般階層、プレーヤーロール、シングルトン、オブザーバー、代表団(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [第6章(パート3) - アダプタ、ファサード、変更不可、読み取り専用インターフェイス、プロキシ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [ビデオシリーズ(27ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + - [ ] [ヘッドファーストデザインパターン](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) + - 正式な本は「デザインパターン：再利用可能なオブジェクト指向ソフトウェアの要素」であることは分かっていますが、ヘッドファーストはOOの初心者には最適です。 + - [ ] [参考：開発者のための101のデザインパターンとヒント](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) + - [ ] [人間のデザインパターン](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) + + +- ### 組み合わせ(nCk)と確率 + - [ ] [数学のスキル：階乗、順列、組み合わせの見つけ方(選択)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [学校を作る：確率(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + - [ ] [学校を作る：確率とマルコフ連鎖(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) + - [ ] Khan Academy： + - コースのレイアウト： + - [ ] [基本理論的確率](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) + - ちょうどビデオ - 41(それぞれ単純で、それぞれ短いです)： + - [ ] [確率の説明(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) +- ### NP、NP-完全/近似アルゴリズム + - 巡回セールスマン問題やナップザック問題など、NP完全問題の最も有名なクラスについて知りましょう。 +       そうすれば面接官がこれらについて偽装して尋ねるとき、それらを認識することができます。 + - NP完全の意味を知る。 + - [ ] [計算上の複雑さ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) + - [ ] Simonson： + - [ ] [貪欲アルゴリズム。 II＆NP完全性へのイントロ(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [NP完全性II＆リダクション(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP完全性III(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP完全性IV(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) + - [ ] スキナ： + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講義23 - NP完全性の紹介(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講義24 - NP完全性の証明(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - 講演25 - NP完全性への挑戦(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [複雑さ：P、NP、NP完全性、削減(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) + - [ ] [複雑さ：近似アルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) + - [ ] [複雑さ：固定パラメータアルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - ピーター・ノヴィグ(Peter Norvig)は、セールスマンの問題を解決するための最適なソリューションについて説明しています。 + - [JupyterNotebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) + - あなたが持っているなら、CLRSの1048 - 1140ページ。 + +- ### キャッシュ + - [ ] LRUキャッシュ： + - [ ] [LRUキャッシュの魔法(Google Devの100日間)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) + - [ ] [LRU(ビデオ)の実装](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) + - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache(C ++)(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) + - [ ] CPUキャッシュ： + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15：メモリ階層(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16：キャッシュの問題(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + +- ### プロセスとスレッド + - [ ] コンピュータサイエンス162 - オペレーティングシステム(25ビデオ)： + - プロセスとスレッドのためのビデオ表示1-11 + - [オペレーティングシステムとシステムプログラミング(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + - [プロセスとスレッドの違いは何ですか？](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-thread) + - カバー： + - プロセス、スレッド、並行性の問題 + - プロセスとスレッドの違い + - プロセス + - スレッド + - ロック + - ミューテックス + - セマフォ + - モニタ(同期) + - 彼らの動作の仕方 + - デッドロック + - ライブロック + - CPUの動作、割り込み、コンテキストの切り替え + - マルチコアプロセッサを使用した最新の並行構成 + - [ページング、セグメンテーション、仮想メモリ(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) + - [割り込み(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) + - [スケジューリング(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Gu5mYdKbu4&index=4&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8) + - プロセスリソースのニーズ(メモリ：コード、静的ストレージ、スタック、ヒープ、ファイル記述子、I/O) + - スレッドリソースの必要性(同じプロセス内の他のスレッドとの上の(マイナススタック)の共有、それぞれが独自のpc、スタックカウンタ、レジスタ、およびスタックを持つ) + - フォークは、新しいプロセスがメモリに書き込むまで、実際には書き込み時にコピー(読み取り専用)され、次に完全なコピーを行います。 + - コンテキストスイッチ + - オペレーティングシステムとその基盤となるハードウェアによってコンテキスト切り替えが開始される仕組み + - [ ] [C++のスレッド(シリーズ - 10ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] Pythonでの並行性(ビデオ)： + - [ ] [スレッドに関する短いシリーズ](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) + - [ ] [Pythonスレッド](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) + - [ ] [Python GIL(2010)について理解する](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) + - [参考文献](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) + - [ ] [David Beazley - 地上からのPython並行処理：LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) + - [ ] [基調講演David Beazley - 興味のあるトピック(Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) + - [ ] [Pythonのミューテックス](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) + +- ### 論文 + - 完全に理解した上ですべてを読むことは、あなたが持っているより多くの時間がかかるでしょう。私は論文とそのセクションを選択することをお勧めします。 + - [古典的な論文を愛する？](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) + - [ ] [1978：順次プロセスの通信](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [Goで実装](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) + - [ ] [2003：The Googleファイルシステム](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - 2012年に巨像に置き換えられました + - [ ] [2004：MapReduce：大規模クラスタでのデータ処理の簡略化](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - 主にCloud Dataflowに置き換えられましたか？ + - [ ] [2006：Bigtable：構造化データ用分散ストレージシステム](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) + - [Google BigQueryの内部を見る](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) + - [ ] [2006：疎結合分散システムのChubby Lockサービス](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) + - [ ] [2007：Dynamo：Amazonの高可用性 key valueストア](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) + - Dynamo紙がNoSQL革命を開始 + - [すべてのプログラマーがメモリについて知っておくべきこと(非常に長く、著者はいくつかのセクションのスキップを奨励する)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) + - [ ] [2010：Dapper、大規模分散システム追跡基盤](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) + - [ ] [2010：Dremel：Web-Scaleデータセットのインタラクティブ解析](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) + - [ ] [2012：Googleの巨像](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) + - 論文がありません + - [ ] 2012：AddressSanitizer：高速アドレス整合性チェッカー： + - [論文](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [ビデオ](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) + - [ ] 2013：スパナ：Googleのグローバル分散データベース： + - [論文](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [ビデオ](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) + - [ ] [2014年：機械学習：技術的負債の高利貸しクレジットカード](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) + - [ ] [2015：Googleの継続的なパイプライン](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) + - [ ] [2015年：大規模な高可用性：Googleの広告用データ基盤の構築](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) + - [ ] [2015：TensorFlow：異種分散システムの大規模機械学習](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf) + - [ ] [2015年：開発者がコードを検索する方法：ケーススタディ](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) + - [ ] [2016：Borg、Omega、Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/ja//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) + +- ### テスト + - カバーするために： + - ユニット(単体)テストの仕組み + - モックオブジェクトとは何ですか？ + - 統合テストとは + - 依存性注入とは + - [ ] [James Bachによるアジャイルソフトウェアテスト(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) + - [ ] [ジェイムス・バッハによるソフトウェアテストの公開講座(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) + - [ ] [Steve Freeman - テスト駆動開発(これは私たちが意味するものではありません)(ビデオ)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) + - [スライド](http://goocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) + - [ ] [TDDは死んでいます。長いライブテスト。](http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html) + - [ ] [TDDは死んでいますか？ (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9quxZsLcfo) + - [ ] [ビデオシリーズ(152ビデオ) - すべてではない(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzJapzxH_rE&list=PLAwxTw4SYaPkWVHeC_8aSIbSxE_NXI76g) + - [ ] [Pythonでテスト駆動型Web開発](http://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/pages/book.html#toc) + - [ ] 依存性注入： + - [ ] [動画](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) + - [ ] [テストのタオ](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) + - [ ] [テストの書き方](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) + +- ### スケジューリング + - OSで、どのように動作するか + - オペレーティングシステムのビデオから収集できます + +- ### システムルーチンを実装する + - 使用するプログラミングAPIの下にあるものを理解する +    あなたはそれらを実装できますか？ + +- ### 文字列の検索と操作 + - [ ] [Sedgewick - 接尾辞配列(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - サブストリング(文字列の一部)検索(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) + - [ ] [1. サブストリング検索の紹介](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) + - [ ] [2. ブルートフォースサブストリング検索](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcDXwIGEXYU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=4) + - [ ] [3. クヌース・モーリス・プラット法](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-7n-FDEWzc&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) + - [ ] [4. ボイヤー-ムーア文字列検索アルゴリズム](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7Ch6pZXfM&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=2) + - [ ] [5. ラビン-カープ文字列検索アルゴリズム](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) + - [ ] [テキストの検索パターン(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + +    このテーマについてさらに詳しく知りたい場合は、[いくつかの科目の追加の詳細]の「文字列のマッチング」の項を参照してください(#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) + +- ### トライ木 + - さまざまなトライ木があることに注意してください。いくつかは接頭辞を持ち、あるものはパスを追跡するビットの代わりに文字列を使用します。 + - 私はコードを読んだが、実装しないだろう。 + - [ ] [Sedgewick - 試してみる(3ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [1. R Way トライ木](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buq2bn8x3Vo&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [2. 3分探索木](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LelV-kkYMIg&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [3. キャラクターベースの操作](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ&index=1) + - [ ] [データ構造とプログラミング手法に関する注記](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] 短期コースビデオ： + - [ ] [トライ木の紹介(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [トライ木のパフォーマンス(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [トライ木の実装ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [Trie：無視されたデータ構造](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) + - [ ] [TopCoder - トライ木の使用](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [スタンフォード講演(現実世界のユースケース)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT、高度なデータ構造、文字列(途中でかなり不明瞭になることがあります)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + +- ### 浮動小数点数 + - [ ] 単純な8ビット：[浮動小数点数の表現 - 1(ビデオ - 計算にエラーがあります - ビデオの説明を参照)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32ビット：[IEEE754 32ビット浮動小数点バイナリ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + +- ### Unicode + - [ ] [すべてのソフトウェア開発者が絶対に最低限必要とする、絶対にUnicodeと文字セットについて熟知していること](http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [すべてのプログラマーが、エンコーディングと文字セットについて知る必要があることは間違いない](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + +- ### バイト順(エンディアン) + - [ ] [ビッグエンディアンとリトルエンディアン](https://www.cs.umd.edu/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [ビッグエンディアン Vs リトルエンディアン(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [ビッグエンディアンとリトルエンディアンの イン/アウト(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - カーネル開発者のための非常に技術的な話。ほとんどがあなたの頭の上にある場合は心配しないでください。 + - 前半で十分です。 + +- ### ネットワーキング + - **ネットワーク経験がある、またはシステムエンジニアになりたい場合は、質問を期待してください** + - そうでなければ、これは知っているだけでいいです + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) + - [ ] [UDPとTCP：トランスポートプロトコルの比較](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [TCP / IPとOSIモデルの説明!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [インターネット経由のパケット伝送。ネットワーク＆TCP / IPチュートリアル](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSLとHTTPS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL / TLS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [ビデオシリーズ(21ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IggfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [詳解サブネット化 - 第5部CIDR表記](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] ソケット： + - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [ ] [ソケットプログラミング(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) + +## システム設計、スケーラビリティ、データ処理 +- **4年以上の経験があれば、システム設計の質問を期待できます。** +- スケーラビリティとシステム設計は、多くのトピックとリソースを持つ非常に大きなトピックです。 +      スケーラビリティ(拡張可能)なソフトウェア/ハードウェアシステムを設計する際には、考慮すべき点がたくさんあります。 +      これにかなりの時間を費やすことを期待してください。 +- 考慮事項： + - スケーラビリティ + - 大きなデータセットを単一の値に変換する + - あるデータセットを別のデータセットに変換する + - 莫大な量のデータを扱う + - システム設計 + - 機能セット + - インターフェース + - クラス階層 + - 一定の制約の下でシステムを設計する + - シンプルさと丈夫さ + - トレードオフ + - パフォーマンス分析と最適化 + +- [ ] **ここをクリック**：[システム設計入門](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [HiredInTechのシステム設計](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] [技術面接で設計質問に答えるための準備方法](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) +- [ ] [システムデザイン面接の前に知っておくべき8つの事柄](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) +- [ ] [アルゴリズム設計](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) +- [ ] [データベースの正規化 - 1NF、2NF、3NF、4NF(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) +- [ ] [システム設計の面接](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - この中には多くのリソースがあります。記事や例を見てください。私はそれらのいくつかを下に置いた。 +- [ ] [システム設計面接の方法](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +- [ ] [誰もが知っておくべき数字](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) +- [ ] [コンテキストスイッチを作るのにどれくらい時間がかかりますか？](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) +- [ ] [データセンター間の取引(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) +- [ ] [CAP定理の簡単な英語入門](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) +- [ ] Paxosアルゴリズム： + - [短い動画](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ユースケースとマルチパクソスによる拡張動画](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEpsBg0AO6o) + - [論文](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf) +- [ ] [コンシステントハッシュ法](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) +- [NoSQLパターン](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) + +- [ ] スケーラビリティ： + - [ ] [概要(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] 短いシリーズ： + - [クローン](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [データベース](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [キャッシュ](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [非同期](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [スケーラブルなWebアーキテクチャと分散システム](http://www.aosabook.org/ja/distsys.html) + - [ ] [分散コンピューティングの説明の誤り](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + - [ ] [実用的なプログラミングテクニック](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) + - [extra：Google Pregel グラフ処理](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) + - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Googleのソフトウェアシステム構築と教訓(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + - [ ] [スケールのための設計システムの紹介](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) + - [ ] [App EngineとCloud Datastoreを使用してモバイルゲームを世界中の視聴者に拡大(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + - [ ] [Googleがプラネットスケールのインフラのプラネットスケールエンジニアリングを行う仕組み](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + - [ ] [アルゴリズムの重要性](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) + - [ ] [シャーディング](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [Facebook（2009）でスケール](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Scale-at-Facebook) + - [ ] [Facebook(2012年)、「10億ユーザー向けビルド(ビデオ)」](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) + - [ ] [ロングゲームのためのエンジニアリング - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + - [ ] [7年間のYouTubeスケーラビリティレッスン30分](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html ) + - [動画](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [ペイパルが毎日何十億ものトランザクションにスケーリングされる方法(8VMだけを使用)](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) + - [ ] [大きなデータセットで重複を削除する方法](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) + - [ ] [Jon CowieによるEtsyのスケールとエンジニアリング文化の中の一見(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + - [ ] [Amazonは独自のマイクロサービスアーキテクチャをどのように導いたか](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + - [ ] [圧縮するか圧縮しないか、それはUberの質問でした](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) + - [ ] [Tarantoolの非同期キュー、キューに入れる](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) + - [ ] [おおよそのクエリ処理を使用するタイミング](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) + + - [ ] [単一のデータセンターからフェイルオーバーするための、Googleのネイティブマルチホームアーキテクチャへの移行](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [スパナ](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) + - [ ] [Egnyteアーキテクチャ：マルチペタバイト分散システムの構築とスケーリングの教訓](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html) + - [ ] [機械学習駆動プログラミング：新しい世界のための新しいプログラミング](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) + - [ ] [1日あたり何百万ものリクエストを処理する画像最適化技術](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) + - [ ] [Patreonのアーキテクチャの概要](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + - [ ] [Tinder：どのようにして最大のレコメンデーションエンジンの誰があなたが次に誰を見るか決定する？](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) + - [ ] [現代のキャッシュのデザイン](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + - [ ] [Facebookのスケールでライブビデオストリーミング](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + - [ ] [AmazonのAWSで1,100万人以上のユーザーに拡大するための初心者向けガイド](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) + - [ ] [Dockerの効果待ち時間の使用方法](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) + - [ ] [AMPはGoogleに存在する脅威に対抗していますか？](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/14/does-amp-counter-an-existential-threat-to-google.html) + - [ ] [全Netflixスタックの360度ビュー](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) + - [ ] [レイテンシはどこにでもあり、それはあなたのセールスに費やされます - それを粉砕する方法](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + - [ ] [サーバーレス(非常に長い、要点が必要](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) + - [ ] [Instagramを動かすもの：何百ものインスタンス、数十のテクノロジ](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) + - [ ] [シンクキャストアーキテクチャ - 毎日1,500時間の音声を生成する](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) + - [ ] [Justin.Tvのライブビデオブロードキャストアーキテクチャ](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) + - [ ] [Playfishのソーシャルゲームアーキテクチャ - 月間5000万人のユーザーと成長](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) + - [ ] [アーキテクチャ - 40Mビジター、200Mダイナミックページビュー、30TBデータ]() + - [ ] [PlentyOfFishアーキテクチャ](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) + - [ ] [Salesforceのアーキテクチャ - どのように130億回のトランザクションを処理するか](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) + - [ ] [ESPNの規模でのアーキテクチャ - 毎秒100,000のDuh Nuh Nuhsで動作](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + - [ ] サービスを結合する技術の情報については、以下の「メッセージング、シリアライゼーション、およびキューイングシステム」を参照してください。 + - [ ] Twitter： + - [O`Reilly MySQL CE 2011：Jeremy Cole、「@Twitterの大小データ」(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + - [スケール時のタイムライン](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) + - さらに詳しくは、[ビデオシリーズ](ビデオシリーズ)セクションの「Mining Massive Datasets」ビデオシリーズを参照してください。 + +- [ ] システム設計プロセスの練習：紙で作業しようとするいくつかのアイデアがあります。実際にどのように処理されたかについてのいくつかの文書があります。 + - レビュー：[システム設計入門](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [HiredInTechのシステム設計](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [チートシート](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - 流れ： + 1. 問題と範囲を理解する： +            - 面接官の助けを借りてユースケースを定義する + - 追加の機能を提案する + - 面接官が範囲外とみなすアイテムを削除する + - 高可用性が必要と仮定し、ユースケースとして追加する + 2. 制約について考える： + - 毎月のリクエスト数を尋ねる + - 毎秒どれくらいのリクエストをするか(彼らはボランティアでもよいし、あなたに数学をさせるかもしれない) + - 読み込みと書き込みの割合を見積もります + - 推定時に80/20ルールを守って下さい + - 1秒あたりに書き込まれるデータの量 + - 5年間に必要な合計ストレージ + - 毎秒読み取られるデータの量 + 3. 抽象的なデザイン： + - レイヤー(サービス、データ、キャッシング) + - インフラストラクチャ：負荷分散、メッセージング + - サービスを駆動する主要なアルゴリズムの概要 + - ボトルネックを考慮し、解決策を決定する + - 演習： + - [CDNネットワークの設計：古い記事](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) + - [ランダムなID生成システムの設計](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) + - [オンラインマルチプレイヤーカードゲームのデザイン](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) + - [Key-Valueデータベースの設計](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) + - [画像共有システムの設計](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + - [推薦システムの設計](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + - [URL短縮システムの設計：上からコピー](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + - [キャッシュシステムの設計](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) + +--- + +## 最終レビュー + +    このセクションでは、重要な概念のほとんどを見直すためにかなり短いビデオを見ることができます。 +    あなたが頻繁に再学習をしたいならいいですね。 + +- [ ] 2〜3分短編ビデオシリーズ(23ビデオ) + - [動画](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] 2〜5分の短編シリーズビデオ - Michael Sambol(18ビデオ) + - [動画](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - アルゴリズムI](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - [ ] [01.Union-Find](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) + - [ ] [02.アルゴリズムの分析](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZN-nFW0mEpg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTf0_bkOhh7sa5uqeppp3Sr0) + - [ ] [03.スタックとキュー](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIC1gappbP8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe-9jhnj3P_3mmrCh0A7iHh) + - [ ] [04.初級ソート](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CD2AL6VO0ak&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe_5WhGV0F--7CK8MoRUqBd) + - [ ] [05. マージソート](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + - [ ] [06. クイックソート](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M5A7qPWk84&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [07.優先度つきキュー](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9TMe0KC0w0&list=PLe-ggMe31CTducy9LDiGVkdSv0NfiRwn5) + - [ ] [08. 基本記号表](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=up_nlilw3ac&list=PLe-ggMe31CTc3a8nKRDxFZZrWrBvkc9SG) + - [ ] [09. 平衡探索木](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qC1BLLPK_5w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTf7jHH_mFT50kayjCEA6Rhu) + - [ ] [10. BSTの幾何学的応用](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wl30aGAp6TY&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdBsRIw0hXln0hilRs-DqAx) + - [ ] [11.ハッシュテーブル](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QA8fJGO-i9o&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcKxIRGqqThMts2eHtSrf11) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - アルゴリズムII](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?flow=list&shelf_id=3&view=50) + - [ ] [01.無向グラフ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmVhD-mmMBg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTc0zDzANxl4I2MhMoRVlbRM) + - [ ] [02. 有向グラフ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_z-JsVaUS40&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcEwaU8a1P1Gd95A77HV85K) + - [ ] [03.最小スパニング木](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8fNk9tfVYY&list=PLe-ggMe31CTceUZxDesGfHGLE7kcSafqj) + - [ ] [04.最短経路](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoGSiB7tSeI&list=PLe-ggMe31CTePpG3jbeOTsnGUGZDKxgZD) + - [ ] [05.最大フロー](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYIKlFstBqE&list=PLe-ggMe31CTduQ68XQ-sVj32wYJIspTma) + - [ ] [06.基数ソート](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) + - [ ] [07.トライ木](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [08.部分文字列検索](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) + - [ ] [09.正規表現](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQWNQsJSPnk&list=PLe-ggMe31CTetTlJWouM42fyttyKPgSDh) + - [ ] [10.データ圧縮](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=at9tjpxcBh8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTciifRRo6yY0Yt0mzgIXXVZ) + - [ ] [11.リダクション](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow5x-ooMGv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe_yliW5vc3yO-dj1LSSDyF) + - [ ] [12.線形プログラミング](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWhcLyiLZLA&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdy6dKzMgkWFuTTN1H8B-E1) + - [ ] [13.難易度](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qcaaDp4cdQ&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcZCjluBHw53e_ek2k9Kn-S) + +--- + +## コーディングの質問練習 + +上のすべてのコンピュータサイエンスのトピックを知ったので、コーディングの問題に答える練習をしましょう。 + +**コーディング質問の練習は、プログラミング問題への回答を記憶することではありません。** + +プログラミングの問題を練習する必要がある理由 +- 問題の認識、そして適切なデータ構造とアルゴリズムの適合 +- 問題のための要件を集める +- 面接であなたのように問題をあなたの方法で話している +- コンピュータではなく、ホワイトボードや紙でのコーディング +- ソリューションの時間と空間の複雑さが増す +- ソリューションのテスト + +面接では、体系的でコミュニケーション的な問題解決の素晴らしいイントロがあります。あなたはプログラミングの面接の本からもこれを手に入れるでしょうが、私はこの優れた発見しました： +[アルゴリズム設計キャンバス](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) + +自宅にホワイトボードはありませんか？それは理にかなっている。私は変わった人で、大きなホワイトボードを持っています。ホワイトボードの代わりに、 +アートストアから大きなドローイングパッドを拾い上げます。あなたはソファに座って練習することができます。これが私の「ソファホワイトボード」です。 +私はスケールの写真にペンを追加しました。ペンを使うと、あなたは消すことができます。すぐに厄介になる。 + +![私のソファホワイトボード](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/art_board_sm_2-1476233630368.jpg) + +補足： + +- [Topcodersの数学](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) +- [動的プログラミング - 初心者から上級者まで](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) +- [MIT面接資料](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) +- [特定の言語でより良くなるための練習](http://exercism.io/languages) + +**プログラミングの問題を読んでやる(この順番で)：** + +- [ ] [プログラミング面接公開：あなたが次の仕事に着任する秘訣、第2版](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) + - C、C ++、Javaの回答 +- [ ] [コーディング面接をクラッキング、第6版](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - Javaでの回答 + +[上記のブックリスト](#ブックリスト)を参照してください + +## コード演習/挑戦 + +あなたの脳を学んだら、脳を働かせてください。 +できるだけ多く、毎日コーディングの課題に取り組んでください。 + +- [ ] [解決策を見つける方法](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [ ] [Topcoderの問題を解読する方法](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) + +コーディング面接質問ビデオ： +- [IDeserve(88ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy(5プレイリスト)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + +チャレンジサイト： +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [プロジェクトオイラー(Math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) +- [コードワード](http://www.codewars.com) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) +- [Sphere(Sphere)](http://www.spoj.com/) + +チャレンジレポ： +- [Pythonでインタラクティブなコーディング面接の課題](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) + +疑似面接： +- [Gainlo.co：大企業の疑似面接官](http://www.gainlo.co/) +- [Pramp：仲間との面接](https://www.pramp.com/) +- [Refdash：疑似面接](https://refdash.com/) + +## 面接に近づいたら + +- [ ] クラッキングコーディング面接セット2(ビデオ)： + - [コード面接をクラッキングする](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) + - [コード面接をクラックする - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) + +## あなたの履歴書 + +- クラッキングでの準備項目の再開を参照してください。コーディング面接とプログラミング面接の公開 + + +## 面接が来たときに考えてください + +あなたが得る20の面接の質問と、以下の項目の行を考えてみましょう。 +それぞれ2-3の答えがあります。 +あなたが達成したことについての物語だけでなく、データを持ってください。 + +- なぜあなたはこの仕事をしたいです？ +- あなたが解決した厳しい問題は何ですか？ +- 最大の課題に直面した？ +- ベスト/最悪のデザインが見られる？ +- 既存の製品を改善するためのアイデア。 +- 個人として、そしてチームの一員として、どのようにベストを尽くしていますか？ +- あなたのスキルや経験のうち、その役割の資産とその理由は？ +- [job x / project y]で一番楽しかったことは何ですか？ +- [job x / project y]に直面した最大の課題は何ですか？ +- [job x / project y]で直面した最も難しいバグは何でしたか？ +- [job x / project y]で何を学びましたか？ +- あなたは[job x / project y]で何を良くしていますか？ + +## 面接官に質問があります + +    私の中には(私は既に知っているかもしれませんが、彼らの意見やチームの視点が必要です)： + +あなたのチームはどれくらいの規模ですか？ +- あなたの開発サイクルはどのように見えるのですか？あなたはウォーターフォール/スプリント/アジャイルをしますか？ +- 締め切りまでのフローは共通ですか？それとも柔軟性はありますか？ +- あなたのチームではどのように意思決定が行われますか？ +- 週に何回会議がありますか？ +- あなたの仕事環境が集中するのに役立つと思いますか？ +- 何をしているの？ +- それについて何が好きですか？ +- 仕事の生活はどうですか？ + +## 一度あなたは仕事を得た + +おめでとう! + +学び続けます。 + +あなたは決して本当に終わらない。 + +--- + +    *************************************************** *************************************************** * +    *************************************************** *************************************************** * + +    この点以下のものはすべてオプションです。 +    これらを勉強することで、より多くのCSコンセプトにさらされることになります。 +    任意のソフトウェアエンジニアリングジョブ。あなたはもっと豊富なソフトウェアエンジニアになるでしょう。 + +    *************************************************** *************************************************** * +    *************************************************** *************************************************** * + +--- + + +## その他の書籍 + +- [ ] [Unixプログラミング環境](http://product.half.ebay.com/The-UNIX-Programming-Environment-by-Brian-W-Kernighan-and-Rob-Pike-1983-Other/54385&tg=情報) + - 古き良き時代 +- [ ] [Linuxコマンドライン：完全な紹介](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - 現代的な選択肢 +- [ ] [TCP / IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) +- [ ] [ヘッドファーストデザインパターン](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - デザインパターンへの穏やかな紹介 +- [ ] [デザインパターン：再利用可能なオブジェクト指向ソフトウェアの要素](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - 別名「Gang Of Four」の本、またはGOF + - 正式なデザインパターンの本 +- [ ] [UNIXおよびLinuxシステム管理ハンドブック、第4版](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0131480057/) + +## その他の学習 + +これらの話題は面接では出てこないかもしれませんが、 +特定のテクノロジとアルゴリズムを認識するためには、より大きなツールボックスが必要になります。 + +- [ ] [アルゴリズム設計マニュアル](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202)(Skiena) +- [ ] [日本語版：アルゴリズム設計マニュアル](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4621085107) + - レビューと問題認識として + - アルゴリズムのカタログ部分は、面接で得られる難易度の範囲をはるかに超えています。 + - この本は2パートに分かれます： + - データ構造とアルゴリズムに関する教科書 + - 長所： + - アルゴリズムの教科書はどんなものでも良いレビューです + - 業界および学界の問題を解決した経験から得た素敵な話 + - Cのコード例 + - 短所： + - Introduction to Algorithms(CLRS)と同様に密集しているか、侵入不可能な場合があります。場合によっては、CLRSが一部の科目にとってより良い選択肢になる可能性があります + - 7章、8章、9章では、いくつかの項目がうまく説明されていないか、私が持っているよりも多くの脳を必要とするため、追跡しようとすると痛いことがあります + - 誤解しないで：私はSkiena、彼の教え方、そしてマナーを好きですが、Stony Brookの教材ではないかもしれません。 + - アルゴリズムカタログ： + - これがあなたがこの本を買う本当の理由です。 + - この部分に近づきます。一度私がそれを通り抜けたら、ここで更新されます。 + - Kindleで読むことが出来ます + - Half.comは教科書のための良いリソースです。 + - 回答： + - [ソリューション](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [ソリューション](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [正誤表](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) + +- [ ] [アルゴリズムイントロダクション](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) +- [ ] [日本語版：アルゴリズムイントロダクション](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B078WPYHGN/) + - **重要：** この本を読む価値は限られています。この本はアルゴリズムとデータ構造の素晴らしいレビューですが、良いコードを書く方法を教えてくれません。まともなソリューションを効率的にコーディングすることができなければなりません。 + - Half.comは、良い価格で教科書のための素晴らしいリソースです。 + - スタインはゲームに遅れていたので、別名CLR、ときにはCLRSと呼ばれている + +- [ ] [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + - プログラミング上の問題（データテープを使っているものもあります）への巧妙な解決策を示していますが、これは単なるイントロです。 +      これはプログラムの設計とアーキテクチャに関するガイドブックです。 + これはプログラムの設計とアーキテクチャに関するガイドブックです。Code Completeとよく似ていますが、はるかに短いものです。 + +- ~~シェンの "アルゴリズムとプログラミング：問題と解決策"~~ + - 良い本ですが、いくつかのページで問題を解決した後、私はPascalに悩まされ、whileループ、1つのインデックス付き配列、不確実な事後条件の満足度結果を得ました。 + - むしろ別の本やオンラインのコーディングの問題からコーディングの問題に時間を費やすだろう + + +- ### コンパイラ + - [ ] [1分でコンパイラがどのように動作するか(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - コンパイラ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [ ] [C ++(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [ ] [コンパイラの最適化について(C ++)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) + +- ### Emacsとvi(m) + - UNIXベースのコードエディタに慣れましょう + - vi(m)： + - [vim 01での編集 - インストール、設定、およびモード(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) + - 4ビデオのセット： + - [vi / vimエディタ - レッスン1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) + - [vi / vimエディタ - レッスン2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) + - [vi / vimエディター - レッスン3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) + - [vi / vimエディタ - レッスン4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) + - [Emacsの代わりにViを使う](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) + - emacs： + - [基本Emacsチュートリアル(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) + - 3つのセット(ビデオ)： + - [Emacsチュートリアル(初心者向け) - 第1部 - ファイルコマンド、カット/コピー/ペースト、カーソルコマンド](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) + - [Emacsチュートリアル(初心者向け) - パート2 - バッファ管理、検索、M-grep、rgrepモード](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) + - [Emacsチュートリアル(初心者) - 第3章式、ステートメント、〜/ .emacsファイルとパッケージ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) + - [邪悪なモード：または、私がEmacsを気絶させ、愛する方法(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) + - [EmacsでCプログラムを書く](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) + - [(多分)組織モードの詳細：構造の管理(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) + +- ### Unixコマンドラインツール + - 私は良いツールから下のリストに記入しました。 + - [ ] bash + - [ ] cat + - [ ] grep + - [ ] sed + - [ ] awk + - [ ] カールまたはwget + - [ ] ソート + - [ ] tr + - [ ] uniq + - [ ] [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [ ] [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + +- ### 情報理論(ビデオ) + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - [ ] Markovプロセスの詳細： + - [ ] [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [ ] [Markov Text Generationを実装するコア](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [ ] [プロジェクト=マルコフテキスト生成ウォークスルー](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walkthroughs) + - 下記のMIT 6.050J Information and Entropyシリーズを参照してください。 + +- ### パリティ＆ハミングコード(ビデオ) + - [ ] [イントロ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [ ] [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - [ ] ハミングコード： + - [エラー検出](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) + - [エラー修正](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) + - [ ] [エラーチェック](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + +- ### エントロピー + - 下記の動画もご覧ください + - 最初に情報理論ビデオを見てください + - [情報理論、Claude Shannon、エントロピー、冗長性、データ圧縮およびビット(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + +- ### 暗号化 + - 下記の動画もご覧ください + - 最初に情報理論ビデオを見てください + - [ ] [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [ ] [暗号化：ハッシュ関数](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [ ] [暗号化：暗号化](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- ### 圧縮 + - 最初に情報理論ビデオを見てください + - [ ] Computerphile(ビデオ)： + - [ ] [圧縮](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [ ] [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [ ] [上向きの木(ハフマン木)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [ ] [エキストラビット/ TRITS - ハフマン木](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [ ] [テキストのエレガントな圧縮(LZ 77方式)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [ ] [テキスト圧縮が確率を満たす](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [ ] [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [ ] [(オプション)Google Developers Live：GZIPでは不十分です!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) + +- ### コンピュータセキュリティ + - [MIT(23ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [はじめに、脅威モデル](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [ハイジャック攻撃の制御](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [ ] [バッファオーバーフローの悪用と防御](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [ ] [特権の分離](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [機能](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [サンドボックス化ネイティブコード](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [ ] [ウェブセキュリティモデル](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Webアプリケーションの保護](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [シンボリック実行](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [ネットワークセキュリティ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [ネットワークプロトコル](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [サイドチャネル攻撃](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- ### ガベージコレクション + - [ ] [ガベージコレクション(Java);データの拡張(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) + - [ ] [コンパイラ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) + - [ ] [GC in Python(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [ ] [ディープダイブJava：ガーベッジコレクションは良いです!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [ ] [Deep Dive Python：CPythonでのガベージコレクション(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) + +- ### パラレルプログラミング + - [ ] [Coursera(Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [ ] [高性能並列計算のための効率的なPython(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + +- ### メッセージング、シリアライゼーション、およびキューイングシステム + - [ ] [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [チュートリアル](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/ja/latest/intro.html) + - [ ] [プロトコルバッファ](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [チュートリアル](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) + - [ ] [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) + - [ ] [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [チュートリアル](http://try.redis.io/) + - [ ] [Amazon SQS(キュー)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [ ] [Amazon SNS(pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [ ] [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [はじめに](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) + - [ ] [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [セロリの最初のステップ](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) + - [ ] [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [イントロ - マニュアルを読む](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) + - [ ] [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [ ] [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [ ] [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [ ] [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + +- ### A * + - [ ] [検索アルゴリズム](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [ ] [A * Pathfinding Tutorial(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [ ] [A *経路探索(E01：アルゴリズムの説明)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) + +- ### 高速フーリエ変換 + - [ ] [フーリエ変換のインタラクティブガイド](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [ ] [フーリエ変換とは何ですか？それは何のために使われますか？](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [ ] [フーリエ変換とは何ですか？ (ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [ ] [Divide＆Conquer：FFT(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [ ] [FFTの理解](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + +- ### ブルームフィルター + - mビットとkハッシュ関数を持つBloomフィルタが与えられた場合、挿入とメンバーシップの両方のテストはO(k) + - [Bloom Filters](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [ブルームフィルター|大規模なデータセットのマイニング|スタンフォード大学](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - [チュートリアル](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) + - [Bloom Filter Appを書く方法](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) + +- ### HyperLogLog + - [わずか1.5KBのメモリを使用して10億の異なるオブジェクトを数える方法](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) + +- ### 局所性に敏感なハッシング + - ドキュメントの類似性を判断するために使用されます。 + - 2つの文書/文字列がまったく同じかどうかを判断するために使用されるMD5またはSHAの反対。 + - [Simhashing(うまくいけば)シンプルに](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) + +- ### ヴァンEmde Boasの木 + - [Divide＆Conquer：van Emde Boas Trees(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [ ] [MIT講義ノート](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + +- ### 拡張データ構造 + - [ ] [CS 61B講義39：データ構造の拡張](https://youtu.be/zksIj9O8_jc?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&t=950) + +- ### バランスの取れた検索木 + - 少なくとも1つのタイプの平衡二分木を知っている(そしてそれがどのように実装されているか知っている)： + - "バランスの取れた探索木の​​中で、AVLと2/3の樹木が通過し、赤黒の木がより人気があるようです。 +        特に興味深い自己組織化データ構造は、スプレイ木であり、回転を使用します +        アクセスされたキーをルートに移動する」 - Skiena +    これらのうち、私はスプレイ木を実装することを選択しました。私が読んだことから、あなたは +        あなたの面接でバランスの取れた検索木。しかし、私は1つのコーディングへの露出を望んでいた +        そしてそれに直面しましょう、スプレーの木はミツバチの膝です。私は赤黒の木のコードをたくさん読んだ。 + - スプレイ木：挿入、検索、削除機能 +        あなたが赤/黒の木の実装を終わらせるならば、これらを試してみてください： + - 検索と挿入機能、削除をスキップする +    B-Treeについては、非常に大規模なデータセットで非常に広く使用されているため、詳細を知りたい。 + - [ ] [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + + - [ ] **AVL木** +        - 実際には： +            私が言うことから、これらは実際にはあまり使われていませんが、どこになるか分かります。 +            AVL木は、O(log n)検索、挿入、および削除をサポートする別の構造です。より厳格に +            赤黒の木よりもバランスがとれているため、挿入と取り出しが遅くなりますが、検索が速くなります。これにより +            一度構築され、再構成なしでロードされる、例えば言語 +            辞書(または、アセンブラまたはインタプリタのオペコードなどのプログラム辞書)を含む。 + - [ ] [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [ ] [AVL木(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [ ] [AVL木実装(ビデオ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [ ] [スプリットアンドマージ](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + + - [ ] **スプレッド木** +        - 実際には： +            スプレイ・木は、キャッシュ、メモリ・アロケータ、ルータ、ガベージ・コレクタ、 +            データ圧縮、ロープ(長いテキスト文字列に使用される文字列の置換)、Windows NT(仮想メモリ、 +            ネットワークおよびファイルシステムコードなど) + - [ ] [CS 61B：Splay Trees(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Najzh1rYQTo&index=23&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) + - [ ] MIT講義：Splay Trees： + - 非常にマッシーになりますが、最後の10分を確かめてください。 + - [動画](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) + + - [ ] **レッド/ブラックの木** + - これらは2-3木の翻訳です(下記参照) +        - 実際には： +            赤黒の木は、挿入時間、削除時間、および検索時間に対して最悪の場合の保証を提供します。 +            これは、リアルタイムアプリケーションなどの時間に敏感なアプリケーションでは、これらを貴重なものにするだけでなく、 +            それは最悪の場合の保証を提供する他のデータ構造における貴重なビルディングブロックになります。 +            例えば、計算幾何学で使用される多くのデータ構造は赤黒の木に基づくことができ、 +            現在のLinuxカーネルで使用されている完全に公正なスケジューラは赤黒の木を使用します。 Javaのバージョン8では、 +            Collection HashMapが変更され、LinkedListを使用して同一の要素を貧弱に保存する代わりに +            ハッシュコードでは、赤黒の木が使用されます。 + - [Aduni - アルゴリズム - 講義4(リンク先のジャンプ先)(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [Aduni - アルゴリズム - 講義5(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [ ] [黒い木](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [ ] [バイナリサーチとレッドブラック木の紹介](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + +- [ ] **2-3の検索木** + - 実際には： +            2〜3本の木は、検索が遅くなるため(AVL木よりも高さが高いため)、挿入が速くなります。 + - 2-3の木は非常にまれにしか使用しませんが、実装にはさまざまなタイプのノードが含まれるためです。代わりに、人々はレッドブラックの木を使用します。 + - [ ] [23木の直感と定義(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [ ] [23-Treeのバイナリビュー](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [2-3木(学生の暗唱)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + + - [ ] **2-3-4木(別名2-4木)** +        - 実際には： +            すべての2-4木には、同じ順序でデータ要素を持つ対応する赤黒の木があります。挿入と削除 +            2-4木の操作は、赤黒の木の色の反転と回転にも相当します。これは2-4の木を +            赤黒の木の背後にある論理を理解するための重要なツールです。そのため、多くの導入アルゴリズムのテキストでは、 +            2〜4本の木は実用的ではありません**。 + - [ ] [CS 61B講義26：バランスの取れた検索木(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqrqYXkth6Q&index=26&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [ボトムアップ234-Trees(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [トップダウン234木(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + + - [ ] **N-ary(K-ary、M-ary)木** + - 注記：NまたはKは分岐因子(最大分岐)であり、 + - 2分木は2分木であり、分岐因子= 2 + - 2-3本の木は3本である + - [ ] [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + + - [ ] **B-Tree** + - 楽しい事実：それは謎ですが、Bはボーイング、バランスの取れた、またはバイエル(共同発明家)のために立つことができます。 +        - 実際には： +            B木はデータベースで広く使用されています。最近のファイルシステムのほとんどは、B-tree(またはVariants)を使用しています。に加えて +            B木はファイルシステムでも使用され、任意のデータベースへの迅速なランダムアクセスを可能にします +            特定のファイル内のブロック基本的な問題は、ファイルブロックのiアドレスをディスクブロックに変換することです +            (またはおそらくシリンダーヘッドセクターへの)アドレスである。 + - [ ] [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [ ] [B木(ビデオ)の紹介](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [ ] [B木の定義と挿入(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [B木削除(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - メモリ階層モデル(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - キャッシュに気付かないB木、非常に興味深いデータ構造 + - 最初の37分は非常に技術的であり、スキップすることができます(Bはブロックサイズ、キャッシュラインサイズです) + + +- ### k-D木 + - 矩形または高次元のオブジェクトの点数を見つけるのに最適 + - k最近接の隣人に適している + - [ ] [Kd Trees(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - [ ] [kNN K-d木アルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + +- ### リストをスキップする + - 「これは多少のカルトデータ構造です」 - Skiena + - [ ] [ランダム化：リストをスキップ(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [アニメーションともう少し詳しく](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + +- ### ネットワークの流れ + - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [ ] [Ford-Fulkersonアルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [ ] [ネットワークフロー(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + +- ### 分離集合と連合検索 + - [ ] [UCB 61B - ばらばらのセット;並べ替えと選択(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAEGXTwmUsI&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=21) + - [ ] [Sedgewickアルゴリズム - Union-Find(6ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) + +- ### 高速処理のための数学 + - [ ] [整数演算、Karatsuba倍数(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [中国の剰余定理(暗号で使用)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + +- ### Treap + - 二分探索木とヒープの組み合わせ + - [ ] [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [ ] [データ構造：Treaps説明(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [ ] [セット操作のアプリケーション](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + +- ### リニアプログラミング(ビデオ) + - [ ] [線形計画法](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [ ] [最小費用の見積もり](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9EWUC6U) + - [ ] [最大値の検索](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [ ] [Pythonで線形方程式を解く - シンプレックスアルゴリズム](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) + +- ### 幾何学、凸包(ビデオ) + - [ ] [Graph Alg。 IV：幾何学アルゴリズムの紹介 - 講義9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [ ] [Geometric Algorithms：Graham＆Jarvis - 講義10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [Divide＆Conquer：Convex Hull、Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + +- ### 離散数学 + - 下のビデオを見る + +- ### 機械学習 + - [ ] なぜMLですか？ + - [ ] [Googleがどのように最初の企業を学習するマシンとして自分自身を作り直すか](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + - [ ] [知的コンピュータシステムのための大規模な深い学習(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + - [ ] [深い学習と理解度対ソフトウェア工学と検証、Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + - [ ] [Googleのクラウドマシン学習ツール(動画)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + - [ ] [Google Developers `Machine Learning Recipes(Scikit Learn＆Tensorflow)(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + - [ ] [Tensorflow(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [ ] [Tensorflowチュートリアル](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) + - [ ] [Pythonでニューラルネットワークを実装する実践ガイド(Theanoを使用)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + - コース： + - [グレートスターターコース：機械学習](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) +   - [動画のみ](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) +   - 線形代数のレビューについてはビデオ12〜18を参照してください(14と15は重複しています) + - [機械学習のためのニューラルネットワーク](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) + - [GoogleのDeep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) + - [Google / Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) + - [自己運転車技術者Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) + - [Metis Online Course(2ヶ月間99ドル)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) + - リソース： + - 書籍： + - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) + - [ゼロからのデータ科学：Pythonの第一原理](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) + - [Pythonによる機械学習入門](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) + - [ソフトウェアエンジニア向け機械学習](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) + - データスクール：http://www.dataschool.io/ + +- + +## 追加科目の詳細 + +    私は既に上記のいくつかのアイデアを強化するためにこれらを追加しましたが、それらを含めたくありませんでした +    それはちょうどあまりにも多くのためです。それは科目にそれを過ごすのは簡単です。 +    あなたは今世紀に雇われたかったですね。 + +- [ ] **連合検索** + - [ ] [概要](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [ ] [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [木](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [ ] [ランキングによる連合](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [ ] [パス圧縮](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [ ] [分析オプション](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) + +- [ ] **もっとダイナミックなプログラミング**(ビデオ) + - [ ] [6.006：動的プログラミングI：フィボナッチ、最短経路](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + - [ ] [6.006：ダイナミックプログラミングII：テキストジャスティフィケーション、ブラックジャック](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + - [ ] [6.006：DP III：かっこ、編集距離、ナップザック](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + - [6.006：DP IV：Guitar Fingering、Tetris、Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.046：Dynamic Programming＆Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [6.046：ダイナミックプログラミング：オールペア最短パス](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [ ] [6.046：ダイナミックプログラミング(学生の暗唱)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) + +- [ ] **高度なグラフ処理**(ビデオ) + - [ ] [同期分散アルゴリズム：対称性を破る。木にまたがる最短パス](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [ ] [非同期分散アルゴリズム：木にまたがる最短パス](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) + +- [ ] MIT **確率**(mathy、ゆっくりと進み、数学的なことに良い)(ビデオ)： + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 確率の紹介](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 条件付き確率](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 独立性](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - ランダム変数](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 期待値I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - 大きな偏差](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - ランダムウォーク](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) + +- [ ] [Simonson：Approximation Algorithms(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) + +- [ ] **文字列マッチング** + - [ ] Rabin-Karp(ビデオ)： + - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) + - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) + - [最適化：実装と分析](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) + - [表倍増、Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) + - [ローリングハッシュ、償却分析](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) + - [ ] クヌース・モリス・プラット(KMP)： + - [Knuth-Morris-Pratt(KMP)文字列マッチングアルゴリズム](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) + - [ ] Boyer-Moore文字列検索アルゴリズム + - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) + - [高度な文字列検索Boyer-Moore-Horspoolアルゴリズム(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) + - [ ] [Coursera：文字列のアルゴリズム](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - すごく始まりますが、KMPを過ぎるまでには、必要以上に複雑になります + - 試行の良い説明 + - スキップすることができます + +- [ ] **ソート** + + - [ ] スタンフォードのソーティングに関する講義： + - [ ] [講義15 |プログラミングの抽象化(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [講義16 |プログラミングの抽象化(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] Shai Simonson、[Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/)： + - [ ] [アルゴリズム - ソート - 講義2(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [ ] [アルゴリズム - ソートII - レクチャー3(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - [ ] Steven Skienaのソーティングに関する講義： + - [ ] [講義は26:46に始まります(ビデオ)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [ ] [講義は27:40(ビデオ)から開始](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [講演は35:00(ビデオ)から開始](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [講演は23:50から始まります(ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + + +## ビデオシリーズ + +座って楽しんでください。 「ネットフリックスとスキル」：P + +- [ ] [個々の動的プログラミングの問題のリスト(それぞれ短いです)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + +- [ ] [x86アーキテクチャ、アセンブリ、アプリケーション(11ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) + +- [ ] [MIT 18.06線形代数、2005年春(35ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) + +- [ ] [優秀 - MIT Calculus Revisited：単一変数計算](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) + +- [ ] [コンピュータサイエンス70,001 - 春2015 - 離散数学と確率論](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) + +- [ ] [Shai Simonsonによる離散数学(19ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) + +- [ ] [離散数学第1部：Sarada Herke(5ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) + +- [ ] CSE373 - アルゴリズムの分析(25ビデオ) + - [アルゴリズム設計マニュアルのSkiena講義](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) + +- [UCバークレー61B(Spring 2014)：データ構造(25ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFPmKGIrQs4&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) + +- [UC Berkeley 61B(2006年秋)：データ構造(39ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + +- [UC Berkeley 61C：機械構造物(26ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJJUUFyuvvg&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) + +- [ ] [OOSE：UMLとJavaを使用したソフトウェア開発(21ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + +- [ ] [UC Berkeley CS 152：コンピュータアーキテクチャとエンジニアリング(20ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.004：計算構造(49ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + +- [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures(39ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.006：アルゴリズム紹介(47ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.033：コンピュータシステムエンジニアリング(22ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.034人工知能、2010年秋(30ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.042J：コンピュータサイエンスの数学、2010年秋(25ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.046：アルゴリズムの設計と分析(34ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.050J：情報とエントロピー、2008年春(19ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.851：高度なデータ構造(22ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.854：Advanced Algorithms、Spring 2016(24ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) + +- [ ] [Harvard COMPSCI 224：Advanced Algorithms(25ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.858コンピュータシステムセキュリティ、2014年秋](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- [ ] [Stanford：Programming Paradigms(27ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) + +- [ ] [Christof Paarによる暗号の概要](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) + - [スライドと問題セットと一緒のコースウェブサイト](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) + +- [ ] [Mining Massive Datasets - スタンフォード大学(94ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) + +- [ ] [グラフ理論(Sarada Herke)(67ビデオ)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) + +## コンピュータサイエンスコース + +- [オンラインCSコースのディレクトリ](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) +- [CSコースのディレクトリ(多くはオンライン講義あり)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translations/README-kh.md b/translations/README-kh.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f2f4595 --- /dev/null +++ b/translations/README-kh.md @@ -0,0 +1,2045 @@ +# មហាវិទ្យាល័យការសរសេរកូដសំរាប់ការសម្ភាសន៍ (Coding Interview University) + + +### បង្កើតដោយ: [@John Washam](https://github.com/jwasham) +### បកប្រែជាភាសារខ្មែរដោយ: [@Vortana Say](https://github.com/vsay01) + +> ពីដំបូងខ្ញុំបង្កើតនេះជាបញ្ជីប្រធានបទត្រូវធ្វើខ្លីដើម្បីក្លាយជាវិស្វករអភិវឌ្ឍន៍កម្មវិធី ប៉ុន្តែវាបានកើនឡើងដល់បញ្ជីធំដែលអ្នកបានឃើញសព្វថ្ងៃនេះ។ បន្ទាប់ពីឆ្លងកាត់គំរោងសិក្សានេះ [ ខ្ញុំបានក្លាយ ជាវិស្វករអភិវឌ្ឍន៍កម្មវិធីនៅអាមាហ្សូន (Amazon)](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu) +> អ្នកប្រហែលជាមិនចាំបាច់សិក្សាច្រេីនដូចខ្ញុំទេ។ ទោះយ៉ាងណាក៏ដោយអ្វីគ្រប់យ៉ាងដែលអ្នកត្រូវការគឺនៅទីនេះ។ +> +> ខ្ញុំបានសិក្សាប្រហែលជា ៨ ទៅ ១២ ម៉ោងក្នុងមួយថ្ងៃអស់រយៈពេលជាច្រើនខែ។ អ្នកអាចអានារឿងរបស់ខ្ញុំ៖ [ហេតុអ្វីខ្ញុំសិក្សាពេញម៉ោងរយៈពេល ៨ ខែសំរាប់ការសំភាសន៍ហ្គូហ្គល](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) +> +> ចំណុចដែលបានរាយនៅទីនេះនឹងជួយអ្នករៀបចំការសំភាសន៍បច្ចេកទេសនៅក្រុមហ៊ុនកម្មវិធីណាមួយ។ +> រាប់បញ្ចូលទាំងក្រុមហ៊ុនធំៗដូចជា Amazon, Facebook, Google និង Microsoft ។ +> +> សូមសំណាងល្អដល់អ្នក! + +
+ការបកប្រែ៖ + +- [ភាសារចិន - 中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) +- [ភាសារវៀតណាម - Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md) +- [ភាសារអេស្ប៉ាញ - Español](translations/README-es.md) +- [ភាសារព័រទុយហ្កាល់ - Português Brasileiro](translations/README-ptbr.md) +- [ភាសារប៉ូឡូញ - Polish](translations/README-pl.md) + +
+ +
+ភាសារដែលកំពុងបកប្រែ: + +- [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +- [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) +- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) +- [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) +- [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) +- [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) +- [Russian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) +- [Ukrainian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) +- [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) +- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) +- [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +- [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) +- [Italian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) +- [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) +- [Japanese (日本語)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/257) + +
+ +
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+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

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+
+
+ +--- + +## តារាងមាតិកា + +- [តើវាគឺជាអ្វី?](#what-is-it) +- [ហេតុអ្វីប្រើវា?](#why-use-it) +- [របៀបប្រើវា](#how-to-use-it) +- [កុំមានអារម្មណ៍ថាអ្នកមិនឆ្លាតគ្រប់គ្រាន់](#dont-feel-you-arent-smart-enough) +- [ធនធានវីដេអូ](#about-video-resources) +- [ដំណើរការសម្ភាសន៍ និង ការត្រៀមសម្ភាសន៍ទូទៅ](#interview-process--general-interview-prep) +- [ជ្រើសរើសភាសាមួយសម្រាប់ការសម្ភាសន៍](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview) +- [បញ្ជីសៀវភៅ](#book-list) +- [មុនពេលអ្នកចាប់ផ្តើម](#before-you-get-started) +- [អ្វីដែលអ្នកនឹងមិនឃើញ](#what-you-wont-see-covered) +- [ចំណេះដឹងជាមុនដែលគួរមាន](#prerequisite-knowledge) +- [ផែនការប្រចាំថ្ងៃ](#the-daily-plan) +- [ភាពស្មុគស្មាញនៃក្បួនដោះស្រាយ / Big-O / ការវិភាគ អាសុីមតុតិច (Asymptotic analysis)](#algorithmic-complexity--big-o--asymptotic-analysis) +- [Data Structures](#data-structures) + - [Arrays](#arrays) + - [Linked Lists](#linked-lists) + - [Stack](#stack) + - [Queue](#queue) + - [Hash table](#hash-table) +- [ចំណេះដឹងបន្ថែម](#more-knowledge) + - [Binary search](#binary-search) + - [Bitwise operations](#bitwise-operations) +- [Trees](#trees) + - [Trees - កំណត់សំគាល់ និង ប្រវត្តិ](#trees---notes--background) + - [Binary search trees: BSTs](#binary-search-trees-bsts) + - [Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) + - balanced search trees (គំនិតទូទៅ តែពុំមែនព័ត៌មានលម្អិតទេ) + - traversals: preorder, inorder, postorder, BFS, DFS +- [Sorting](#sorting) + - selection + - insertion + - heapsort + - quicksort + - merge sort +- [Graphs](#graphs) + - directed + - undirected + - adjacency matrix + - adjacency list + - traversals: BFS, DFS +- [ចំណេះដឹងបន្ថែមទៀត](#even-more-knowledge) + - [Recursion](#recursion) + - [Dynamic Programming](#dynamic-programming) + - [Object-Oriented Programming](#object-oriented-programming) + - [Design Patterns](#design-patterns) + - [Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) + - [NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) + - [Caches](#caches) + - [Processes and Threads](#processes-and-threads) + - [Testing](#testing) + - [Scheduling](#scheduling) + - [String searching & manipulations](#string-searching--manipulations) + - [Tries](#tries) + - [Floating Point Numbers](#floating-point-numbers) + - [Unicode](#unicode) + - [Endianness](#endianness) + - [Networking](#networking) +- [System Design, Scalability, Data Handling](#system-design-scalability-data-handling) (if you have 4+ years experience) +- [ពិនិត្យចុងក្រោយ](#final-review) +- [អនុវត្តសំណួរសរសេរកូដ](#coding-question-practice) +- [លំហាត់សរសេរកូដ / បញ្ហា](#coding-exerciseschallenges) +- [នៅពេលអ្នកជិតដល់ការសំភាសន៍](#once-youre-closer-to-the-interview) +- [ប្រវត្តិរូបសង្ខេបរបស់អ្នក](#your-resume) +- [ត្រូវគិតអំពីពេលសម្ភាសន៍មកដល់](#be-thinking-of-for-when-the-interview-comes) +- [មានសំណួរសម្រាប់អ្នកសម្ភាសន៍យេីង](#have-questions-for-the-interviewer) +- [នៅពេលដែលទទួលបានការងារធ្វើ](#once-youve-got-the-job) + +--- + +## What is it? +## តើវាគឺជាអ្វី? + +នេះគឺជាគំរោងសិក្សារបស់ខ្ញុំដែលមានរយៈពេលជាច្រើនខែសំរាប់ការរៀនក្លាយពីអ្នកបង្កើតគេហទំព័រ (បង្រៀនដោយខ្លួនឯង និង មិនមានសញ្ញាប័ត្រ +វិទ្យាសាស្ត្រកុំព្យូទ័រ) រហូតដល់ក្លាយជាវិស្វករអភិវឌ្ឍន៍កម្មវិធីសំរាប់ក្រុមហ៊ុនធំ។! + +![ការសរសេរកូដនៅលើក្ដារខៀន - ពីតំបន់ Silicon Valley របស់ HBO](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) + +នេះមានន័យថាសម្រាប់ "វិស្វករអភិវឌ្ឍន៍កម្មវិធីថ្មី" ឬអ្នកដែលប្តូរពី +ការអភិវឌ្ឍន៍កម្មវិធី / អ្នកបង្កេីតវេបសាយ (ដែលត្រូវការចំណេះដឹងផ្នែកវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រកុំព្យូទ័រ) ។ ប្រសិនបើអ្នកមាន +បទពិសោធជាច្រើនឆ្នាំក្នុងការអភិវឌ្ឍន៍កម្មវិធី នោះអ្នកអាចនឹងរំពឹងថាមានបទសម្ភាសន៍ពិបាក។ + +ប្រសិនបើអ្នកមានបទពិសោធន៍អភិវឌ្ឍន៍កម្មវិធី ឬ វេបសាយច្រើនឆ្នាំ សូមកត់សម្គាល់ថាក្រុមហ៊ុនធំ ៗ ដូចជាហ្គូហ្គោល(Google) អាម៉ាហ្សូន (Amazon) +ហ្វេសប៊ុក (Facebook) និង ម៉ៃក្រូសូហ្វ (Microsoft) មានទស្សនៈថាវិស្វករអភិវឌ្ឍន៍កម្មវិធី ខុសគ្នាពីអ្នកបង្កេីតកម្មវិធី ឬ ការអភិវឌ្ឍន៍គេហទំព័រវេបសាយ ហើយពួកគេត្រូវការចំណេះដឹងផ្នែកវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រកុំព្យូទ័រ។ + +ប្រសិនបើអ្នកចង់ក្លាយជាវិស្វករដែលអាចទុកចិត្តបានឬវិស្វករប្រតិបត្តិការសូមសិក្សាបន្ថែមពីបញ្ជីជម្រើស (បណ្តាញ និង សុវត្ថិភាព) ។ + +--- + +### Why use it? +## ហេតុអ្វីប្រើវា? + +នៅពេលដែលខ្ញុំចាប់ផ្តើមគំរោងនេះ ខ្ញុំមិនដឹងពី stack, heap, Big-O, trees និង មិនដឹងរបៀបឆ្លងកាត់ក្រាហ្វ។ ប្រសិនបើខ្ញុំត្រូវសរសេរកូដដោះស្រាយ Sort ខ្ញុំអាចប្រាប់អ្នកថាវានឹងមិនល្អទេ។ + +Data Structure ទាំងអស់ដែលខ្ញុំធ្លាប់បានប្រើត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងមកជាមួយភាសា ហើយខ្ញុំមិនដឹងពីរបៀប និង ដំណេីរការដែល Data Structure។ ខ្ញុំមិនដែលត្រូវគ្រប់គ្រង Programming Memory ទេលុះត្រាតែកម្មវិធីខ្ញុំសរសេរមានបញ្ហា "អស់ Memory" ហើយបន្ទាប់មកខ្ញុំត្រូវរកដំណោះស្រាយបណ្តោះអាសន្ន។ ខ្ញុំបានប្រើ Multidiemsional arrays ពីរបីនៅក្នុងជីវិតរបស់ខ្ញុំ និង រាប់ពាន់នៃ Associate arrays ប៉ុន្តែខ្ញុំមិនដែលបង្កើត Data Structure ពីដំបូងឡើយ។ + +វាជាផែនការវែង។ វាអាចចំណាយពេលច្រើនខែ។ ប្រសិនបើអ្នកធ្លាប់ស្គាល់រឿងនេះរួចហើយវានឹងនាំអ្នកចំណាយពេលតិចជាងមុន។ + +--- + +### How to use it? +## របៀបប្រើវា + + +អ្វីគ្រប់យ៉ាងខាងក្រោមគឺជាគ្រោង អ្នកគួរតែដោះស្រាយតាមលំដាប់ពីលើចុះក្រោម។ + +ខ្ញុំកំពុងប្រើសញ្ញាសម្គាល់ពិសេសរបស់ GitHub រួមទាំងបញ្ជីភារកិច្ចដើម្បីពិនិត្យមើលវឌ្ឍនភាពការងារខ្ញុំ។ + +**បង្កើតសាខាថ្មី ដូច្នេះអ្នកអាចពិនិត្យមើលដូចនេះគ្រាន់តែដាក់សញ្ញា x ក្នុងតង្កៀប៖ [x]** + + +ដាក់សាខាមួយ ហើយធ្វើតាមពាក្យបញ្ជាខាងក្រោម + +`git checkout -b progress` + +`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` + +`git fetch --all` + +គូសសញ្ញា X ក្នុងប្រអប់ទាំងអស់បន្ទាប់ពីអ្នកបានបញ្ចប់ការកែសម្រួល +`git add .` + +`git commit -m "Marked x"` + +`git rebase jwasham/main` + +`git push --force` + +[ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែមអំពីសញ្ញាសម្គាល់ Github]](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) + +--- + +### Don't feel you aren't smart enough +## កុំមានអារម្មណ៍ថាអ្នកមិនឆ្លាតគ្រប់គ្រាន់ + +- វិស្វករអភិវឌ្ឍន៍កម្មវិធីដែលទទួលបានជោគជ័យគឺឆ្លាត ប៉ុន្តែមនុស្សជាច្រើនមានអារម្មណ៍ដែលពួកគេមិនឆ្លាតគ្រប់គ្រាន់។ +- [រឿងរបស់អ្នកសរសេរកម្មវិធីដែលមានទេពកោសល្យ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +- [វាមានគ្រោះថ្នាក់ក្នុងការទៅតែម្នាក់ឯង: ការប្រយុទ្ធនឹងសត្វចម្លែកដែលចេះបំបាំងកាយនៅក្នុងបច្ចេកវិទ្យា](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) + +--- + +### About Video Resources +## ធនធានវីដេអូ + +វីដេអូខ្លះអាចប្រើបានតែតាមរយៈការចុះឈ្មោះចូលរៀនវគ្គ Coursera ឬ EdX ប៉ុណ្ណោះ។ ទាំងនេះត្រូវបានគេហៅថា MOOCs ។ +ពេលខ្លះថ្នាក់រៀនមិននៅក្នុងវគ្គដូច្នេះអ្នកត្រូវរង់ចាំពីរបីខែសិន។ + +ខ្ញុំសូមកោតសរសើរចំពោះជំនួយរបស់អ្នកក្នុងការបន្ថែមប្រភពសាធារណៈដែលអាចរកបានដោយឥតគិតថ្លៃជានិច្ចដូចជាវីដេអូយូធ្យូប (YouTube) ដើម្បីភ្ជាប់វីដេអូវគ្គសិក្សាតាមអ៊ីនធឺណិត។ + +ខ្ញុំចូលចិត្តប្រើការបង្រៀនសាកលវិទ្យាល័យ។ + +--- + +### Interview Process & General Interview Prep +## ដំណើរការសំភាសន៍និងកម្មវិធីសម្ភាសន៍ទូទៅ + +- [ ] [ABC: តែងតែសរសេរកូដ](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) +- [ ] [ការប្រេីប្រាស់ក្តារខៀន](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) +- [ ] [ការប្រេីប្រាស់ក្តារខៀនមានប្រសិទ្ធិភាពក្នុងពេលសម្ភាសន៍កម្មវិធី](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) +- [ ] [ជ្រើសរើសបុគ្គលិកជំនាញបច្ចេកវិទ្យា](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] វិធីរកការងារនៅក្រុមហ៊ុនធំ ៤៖ + - [ ] [របៀបរកការងារធ្វើនៅក្រុមហ៊ុនធំ ៤ - Amazon, Facebook, Google និង Microsoft (មានវីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) +- [បំបែកការសម្ភាសន៍ការសរសេរកូដ ១៖ + - [ ] [ហ្គេលឡេអិលម៉ាកឌូវែល (Gayle L McDowell) - បំបែកការសម្ភាសន៍ការសរសេរកូដ (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [បំបែកបទសម្ភាសន៍នៃការសរសេរកូដជាមួយអ្នកនិពន្ធហ្គេលឡាឡាក់មែនម៉ាកម៉ាកឌូវែល (Gayle Laakmann McDowell) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] បំបែកបទសម្ភាសន៍កូដហ្វេសប៊ុក + - [ ] [វិធីសាស្រ្ត](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) + - [ ] [ពន្យល់ពីបញ្ហា](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) +- [ ] វគ្គសិក្សាត្រៀម: + - [ ] [សំភាសន៍វិស្វករអភិវឌ្ឍន៍កម្មវិធី (មិនបានបង់ប្រាក់)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed)៖ + - រៀនពីរបៀបដើម្បីត្រៀមខ្លួនសម្រាប់ការសម្ភាសន៍វិស្វករអភិវឌ្ឍន៍កម្មវិធីពីអ្នកសំភាសន៍របស់ហ្គូហ្គោល (Google) ។ + - [ ] [Python សម្រាប់រចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យក្បួនដោះស្រាយនិងសំភាសន៍ (វគ្គសិក្សាបង់លុយ)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/)៖ + - វគ្គសិក្សាសំភាសន៍ Python ដែលផ្តោតលើរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យក្បួនដោះស្រាយ ការសំភាសន៍សាកល្បងនិងច្រើនទៀត។ + - [ ] [ការណែនាំអំពីរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យនិងក្បួនដោះស្រាយដោយប្រើ Python (វគ្គសិក្សាឥតគិតថ្លៃរបស់ Udacity)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513)៖ + - រចនាសម្ព័នធ័រណេតនិងអ័រហ្គ្រែនដោយឥតគិតថ្លៃ។ + - [ ] [រចនាសម្ព័នទិន្នន័យនិងក្បួនដោះស្រាយ! (Udacity បង់ Nanodegree)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256)៖ + - ទទួលបានការអនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែងជាមួយនឹងរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យជាង ១០០ លំហាត់ និងការណែនាំពីអ្នកបងៀនដើម្បីជួយរៀបចំអ្នកសម្រាប់ការសម្ភាសន៍ និង ដាក់ការងារ។ + +--- + +### Pick One Language for the Interview +## ជ្រើសរើសភាសាមួយសម្រាប់ការសម្ភាសន៍ + +អ្នកអាចប្រើភាសាដែលអ្នកមានភាពងាយស្រួលក្នុងការសរសេរកូដសំភាសន៍ប៉ុន្តែសម្រាប់ក្រុមហ៊ុនធំ ៗ ទាំងនេះគឺជាជំរើសដ៏រឹងមាំ៖ + +- C ++ +- Java +- Python + +អ្នកក៏អាចប្រើរបស់ទាំងនេះដែរប៉ុន្តែត្រូវអានជាមុនសិន។ វាអាចមានការនិយាយតៗគ្នា៖ + +- JavaScript +- Ruby + +នេះគឺជាអត្ថបទមួយដែលខ្ញុំបានសរសេរអំពីការជ្រើសរើសភាសាសម្រាប់ការសម្ភាសន៍៖ [ជ្រើសរើសយកភាសាមួយសម្រាប់ការសម្ភាសន៍សរសេរកូដ](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/) + +អ្នកគួររេីសភាសាដែលអ្នកទំលាប់ជាមួយ និង មានចំណេះដឹង។ + +សូមអានបន្ថែមអំពីជំរើស៖ +- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ +- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ + +[មើលធនធានភាសានៅទីនេះ](programming-language-resources.md) + +អ្នកនឹងឃើញការរៀន C, C ++ និង Python ខាងក្រោមព្រោះខ្ញុំកំពុងរៀន។ មានសៀវភៅពីរបីដែលពាក់ព័ន្ធសូមមើលនៅខាងក្រោម។ + +--- + +### Book List +## បញ្ជីសៀវភៅ + +នេះគឺជាបញ្ជីខ្លីជាងអ្វីដែលខ្ញុំបានប្រើ។ នេះត្រូវបានសង្ខេបដើម្បីជួយសន្សំសំចៃពេលវេលារបស់អ្នក។ + +--- + +### Interview Prep +## ត្រៀមការសម្ភាសន៍ + +- [ ] [សំភាសន៍ការសរសេរកម្មវិធីបង្ហាញ: ការសរសេរកូដវិធីរបស់អ្នកតាមរយៈការសំភាសន៍, បោះពុម្ពលើកទី ៤](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) + - ចម្លើយសរសេរ C++ និង Java + - នេះគឺជាសមដ៏ល្អសម្រាប់ការបំបែកសំភាសន៍កូដ + - មិនពិបាកពេកទេ បញ្ហាភាគច្រើនប្រហែលជាងាយស្រួលជាងអ្វីដែលអ្នកបានឃើញក្នុងបទសម្ភាសន៍ (ពីអ្វីដែលខ្ញុំបានអាន) +- [ ] [ការសំភាសន៍ការសរសេរកូដការបោះពុម្ពលើកទី ៦](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - ចម្លើយនសរសេរជា Java + +--- + +### If you have tons of extra time: +## ប្រសិនបើអ្នកមានពេលវេលាបន្ថែមច្រេីន + +ជ្រើសរើសមួយ: + +- [ ] [ធាតុផ្សំនៃបទសម្ភាសន៍សរសេរកម្មវិធី (កំណែ C ++)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [ ] [ធាតុផ្សំនៃការសំភាសន៍សរសេរកម្មវិធីក្នុង Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [ ] ធាតុនៃការសំភាសន៍សរសេរកម្មវិធី (កំណែ Java) + - [សៀវភៅ](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [គម្រោង - វិធីសាស្រ្ត Stub និងករណីតេស្តិ៍សម្រាប់រាល់បញ្ហាក្នុងសៀវភៅ](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) + +--- + +### Language Specific +## ភាសាជាក់លាក់ + +**អ្នកត្រូវជ្រើសរើសភាសាសំរាប់សំភាសន៍ (សូមមើលខាងលើ) ។** + +នេះជាអ្នីដែលខ្ញុំគិតថាអ្នកគួរមេីល។ ខ្ញុំមិនមានធនធានសម្រាប់ភាសាទាំងអស់ទេ។ ខ្ញុំស្វាគមន៍ការដាក់បន្ថែមពីអ្នក។ + +ប្រសិនបើអ្នកអានចំណុចមួយក្នុងចំណោមចំណុចទាំងនេះអ្នកគួរតែមានចំនេះដឹង Data Structure និងចំណេះដឹងអំពីក្បួនដោះស្រាយ (Algorithm) ដែលអ្នកត្រូវចាប់ផ្តើមធ្វើបញ្ហាសរសេរកូដ។ + +**អ្នកអាចរំលងការបង្រៀនវីដេអូទាំងអស់នៅក្នុងគម្រោងនេះ** លើកលែងតែអ្នកចង់ពិនិត្យឡើងវិញ។ + +[ធនធានភាសាជាក់លាក់នៅទីនេះ។](programming-language-resources.md) + +--- + +## C++ + +ខ្ញុំមិនបានអានទាំងពីរនេះទេ ប៉ុន្តែវាត្រូវបានវាយតម្លៃនិងសរសេរយ៉ាងខ្ពស់ដោយ Sedgewick ។ គាត់អស្ចារ្យណាស់។ + +- [ ] [វិធីដោះស្រាយក្នុង C++, ផ្នែក ១-៤៖ មូលដ្ឋានគ្រឹះរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យ (Data Structure) តម្រៀប (Sort) ស្វែងរក (Searching)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) +- [ ] [វិធីដោះស្រាយក្នុង C++ ភាគ ៥៖ ក្បួនដោះស្រាយក្រាហ្វិច](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) + +ប្រសិនបើអ្នកមានអនុសាសន៍ល្អប្រសើរសម្រាប់ C++ សូមប្រាប់ខ្ញុំឱ្យដឹង។ រកមើលធនធានទូលំទូលាយ។ + +--- + +## Java + +- [ ] [វិធីដោះស្រាយ (Sedgewick និង Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - វីដេអូដែលមានមាតិកាសៀវភៅ (និង Sedgewick!) លើវគ្គសិក្សា៖ + - [ក្បួនដោះស្រាយ I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [ក្បួនដោះស្រាយទី ២](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +រឺ៖ + +- [ ] [រចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យ (Data Structure) និងក្បួនដោះស្រាយ Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) + - ដោយហ្គ្រីដល (Goodrich), តាតសាសៀ (Tamassia), ហ្គោវីស (Goldwasser) + - អត្ថបទសម្រាប់វគ្គសិក្សាសំរាប់ថ្នាក់ដំបូងរបស់វិទ្យាសាស្ត្រកុំព្យូទ័រនៅឯ UC Berkeley + - សូមមើលរបាយការណ៍សៀវភៅរបស់ខ្ញុំស្តីពីកំណែ Python ខាងក្រោម។ សៀវភៅនេះមានប្រធានបទដូចគ្នា។ + +--- + +## Python +- [ ] [រចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យ (Data Structure) និងក្បួនដោះស្រាយ (Algorithm) ក្នុង Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - ដោយហ្គ្រីដល (Goodrich), តាតសាសៀ (Tamassia), ហ្គោវីស (Goldwasser) + - ខ្ញុំចូលចិត្តសៀវភៅនេះ។ វាគ្របដណ្តប់អ្វីៗគ្រប់យ៉ាងនិងច្រើនទៀត។ + - លេខកូដព្យញ្ជនៈ + - របាយការណ៍សៀវភៅរបស់ខ្ញុំ៖ https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-al algorithms-in-python/ + +--- + +### Before you Get Started +## មុនពេលអ្នកចាប់ផ្តើម + +បញ្ជីនេះបានកើនឡើងអស់រយៈពេលជាច្រើនខែហើយ ។ + +នេះគឺជាកំហុសមួយចំនួនដែលខ្ញុំបានធ្វើដូច្នេះអ្នកនឹងមានបទពិសោធប្រសើរជាងមុន។ + +### 1. អ្នកនឹងមិនចងចាំវាទាំងអស់ + +ខ្ញុំបានមើលវីដេអូជាច្រើនម៉ោងនិងកត់ចំណាំគួរអោយចង់សើច ហើយប៉ុន្មានខែក្រោយមកមានរឿងជាច្រើនដែលខ្ញុំមិនចាំ។ ខ្ញុំចំណាយពេល ៣ ថ្ងៃទៀត +តាមរយៈកំណត់ចំណាំរបស់ខ្ញុំនិងធ្វើប័ណ្ណបញ្ជាក់ដូច្នេះខ្ញុំអាចពិនិត្យមើលឡើងវិញ។ + +សូមមេត្តាអានដូច្នេះអ្នកនឹងមិនធ្វើឱ្យខ្ញុំខុសទេ។ + +[រក្សាចំណេះដឹងវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រកុំព្យូទ័រ](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) ។ + +វគ្គសិក្សាដែលបានណែនាំដល់ខ្ញុំ (មិនបានសិក្សាវាទេ)៖ [ការរៀនពីរបៀបរៀន](https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn) + +### 2. ប្រើកាតបង្ហាញ + +ដើម្បីដោះស្រាយបញ្ហា ខ្ញុំបានបង្កើតវេបសាយកាតតូចមួយដែលខ្ញុំអាចបន្ថែមកាតចំនួន ២ ប្រភេទគឺទូទៅនិងលេខកូដ។ +កាតនីមួយៗមានទ្រង់ទ្រាយខុសៗគ្នា។ + +ខ្ញុំបានបង្កើតវេបសាយសំរាប់ទូរស័ព្ទដំបូងមួយ ដូច្នេះខ្ញុំអាចពិនិត្យមើលឡើងវិញនៅលើទូរស័ព្ទ និង ថេប្លេតរបស់ខ្ញុំទោះបីខ្ញុំនៅទីណាក៏ដោយ។ + +អ្នកអាចបង្កេីតដោយឥតគិតថ្លៃ៖ + +- [បណ្តាញឃ្លាំងផ្ទុកកាតឡើងវិញ](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) +- [មូលដ្ឋានទិន្នន័យកាតរបស់ខ្ញុំ (កាតចាស់ - ១២០០ កាត)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db)៖ +- [ប្រព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យកាតរបស់ខ្ញុំ (កាតថ្មី - ១៨០០)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db)៖ + +សូមចងចាំថាខ្ញុំបានឡើងលើក្តារហើយមានកាតគ្របដណ្តប់លើអ្វីៗទាំងអស់ចាប់ពីភាសាការជួបប្រជុំគ្នា និង សំនួរទាក់ទងនឹង Python រហូតដល់ការរៀនម៉ាស៊ីននិងស្ថិតិ។ វាជាវិធីច្រើនពេកសម្រាប់អ្វីដែលត្រូវការ។ + +**កំណត់ចំណាំនៅលើបណ្ណបង្ហាញ៖** ជាលើកដំបូងដែលអ្នកទទួលស្គាល់អ្នកដឹងពីចម្លើយ សូមកុំសម្គាល់វាថាត្រូវបានគេស្គាល់។ អ្នកត្រូវតែមើល +កាតដូចគ្នានិងឆ្លើយវាច្រើនដងឱ្យបានត្រឹមត្រូវមុនពេលដែលអ្នកពិតជាដឹង។ ពាក្យដដែលៗនឹងធ្វើឱ្យចំណេះដឹងនោះកាន់តែស៊ីជម្រៅ +ខួរក្បាលរបស់អ្នក។ + +ជំរើសមួយផ្សេងទៀតក្នុងការប្រើប្រាស់បណ្តាញកាតរបស់ខ្ញុំគឺ [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/) ដែលត្រូវបានណែនាំអោយខ្ញុំច្រើនដង។ វាប្រើប្រព័ន្ធពាក្យដដែលៗដើម្បីជួយអ្នកចងចាំ។ +វាមានភាពងាយស្រួលសម្រាប់អ្នកប្រើដែលមាននៅលើគ្រប់វេទិកាទាំងអស់និងមានប្រព័ន្ធធ្វើសមកាលកម្មពពក។ វាមានតម្លៃ ២៥ ដុល្លារលើប្រព័ន្ធប្រតិបត្តិការ iOS ប៉ុន្តែមិនគិតថ្លៃនៅលើវេទិកាផ្សេងទៀតទេ។ + +មូលដ្ឋានទិន្នន័យបណ្ណបង្ហាញរបស់ខ្ញុំក្នុងទំរង់អាគី (Anki) ៖ https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (សូមអរគុណ [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya) + +### ៣. ចាប់ផ្តើមធ្វើសំណួរសម្ភាសន៍សរសេរកូដខណៈពេលដែលអ្នកកំពុងរៀនរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យ (Data Structure) និង ក្បួនដោះស្រាយ (Algorithm) + +អ្នកត្រូវអនុវត្តអ្វីដែលអ្នកកំពុងរៀនដើម្បីដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាឬអ្នកនឹងភ្លេច។ ខ្ញុំបានធ្វើកំហុសនេះ។ នៅពេលដែលអ្នកបានរៀនប្រធានបទមួយ +ហើយមានអារម្មណ៍ស្រួលជាមួយវាដូចជាបញ្ជីភ្ជាប់បើកសៀវភៅសម្ភាសន៍កូដសរសេរមួយហើយធ្វើសំណួរពីរបីទាក់ទងនឹង +បញ្ជីដែលបានភ្ជាប់។ បន្ទាប់មកបន្តទៅប្រធានបទសិក្សាបន្ទាប់។ បន្ទាប់មកពេលក្រោយ ត្រលប់ក្រោយហើយធ្វើបញ្ហាបញ្ជីដែលបានភ្ជាប់ផ្សេងទៀត +ឬបញ្ហាការហៅឡើងវិញឬអ្វីផ្សេងទៀត។ ប៉ុន្តែនៅតែធ្វើបញ្ហានៅពេលអ្នកកំពុងរៀន។ អ្នកមិនត្រូវបានគេជួលដើម្បីចំណេះដឹងទេ +ប៉ុន្តែរបៀបដែលអ្នកអនុវត្តចំណេះដឹង។ មានសៀវភៅនិងគេហទំព័រជាច្រើនដែលខ្ញុំសូមណែនាំ។ +សូមមើលនៅទីនេះសម្រាប់ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែម: [ការអនុវត្តសំណួរសំណួរសរសេរកូដ](#coding-question-practice) + +### 4. ពិនិត្យឡើងវិញ ពិនិត្យឡើងវិញ ពិនិត្យឡើងវិញ + +ខ្ញុំរក្សាទុកសន្លឹកបន្លំមួយសន្លឹកនៅលើ ASCII, OSI stack, សញ្ញាណសំគាល់ធំ ៗ (Big-O) និងច្រើនទៀត។ ខ្ញុំសិក្សាវានៅពេលខ្ញុំមានពេលទំនេរខ្លះ។ + +សម្រាកពីបញ្ហាសរសេរកម្មវិធីរយៈពេលកន្លះម៉ោង ហើយអានកាតរបស់អ្នក។ + +### 5. ផ្តោតអារម្មណ៍ + +មានការរំខានជាច្រើនដែលអាចចំណាយពេលដ៏មានតម្លៃ។ ការផ្តោតអារម្មណ៍គឺពិបាក។ បើកតន្ត្រីមួយចំនួនដែលគ្មានទំនុកច្រៀងទេអ្នកនឹងអាចផ្តោតអារម្មណ៍បានល្អ។ + +--- + +### What you won't see covered +## អ្វីដែលអ្នកនឹងមិនឃើញគ្របដណ្តប់ + +ទាំងនេះជាបច្ចេកវិទ្យាដែលមានជាទូទៅប៉ុន្តែមិនមែនជាផ្នែកនៃផែនការសិក្សានេះទេ៖ + +- SQL +- Javascript +- HTML, CSS និងបច្ចេកវិទ្យាផ្នែក front-end + +--- + +### The Daily Plan +## ផែនការប្រចាំថ្ងៃ + +មុខវិជ្ជាខ្លះចំណាយពេលមួយថ្ងៃហើយ មុខវិជ្ជាខ្លះនឹងចំណាយពេលច្រើនថ្ងៃ។ អ្នកខ្លះរៀនតែគ្មានអ្វីអនុវត្ត។ + +ជារៀងរាល់ថ្ងៃខ្ញុំយកប្រធានបទមួយចេញពីបញ្ជីខាងក្រោមមើលវីដេអូអំពីប្រធានបទនោះហើយសរសេរកូតនៅក្នុង៖ +- C - ប្រើរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ និង មុខងារដែលយករចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ * និង អ្វីផ្សេងទៀតជា Arguments។ +- C++ - ដោយមិនប្រើមុខងារដែលភ្ជាប់មកជាមួយនឹង ភាសា +- C++ - ប្រើប្រភេទដែលមានស្រាប់ដូចជា STL's::list សម្រាប់បញ្ជីភ្ជាប់ (Linked list) +- Python - ប្រើប្រភេទដែលមានស្រាប់ (ដើម្បីរំលឹក Python) +- និងសរសេរការធ្វើតេស្តដើម្បីធានាថាខ្ញុំធ្វើវាបានត្រឹមត្រូវពេលខ្លះគ្រាន់តែប្រើសេចក្តីថ្លែងអះអាងសាមញ្ញ assert() +- អ្នកអាចធ្វើ Jav ឬ អ្វីផ្សេងទៀតនេះគ្រាន់តែជារឿងរបស់ខ្ញុំប៉ុណ្ណោះ។ + +អ្នកមិនត្រូវការរបស់ទាំងអស់នេះទេ។ អ្នកត្រូវការតែ [ភាសាមួយសម្រាប់ការសម្ភាសន៍](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview) ។ + +ហេតុអ្វីត្រូវកូដទាំងអស់នេះ? +- អនុវត្ត អនុវត្ត អនុវត្តរហូតដល់ខ្ញុំច្បាស់ហើយអាចធ្វើវាដោយគ្មានបញ្ហា (អ្នកខ្លះមានករណីកំរច្រើន និង ព័ត៌មានលំអិតនៃការរក្សាទុកសៀវភៅដើម្បីចងចាំ) +- ធ្វើការនៅក្នុងឧបសគ្គ (បែងចែក / លុបចេញអង្គចងចាំ (Memory) ដោយគ្មានជំនួយពីការប្រមូលសំរាម (Gabage Collection) (លើកលែងតែ Python ឬ Java)) +- ប្រើប្រភេទដែលមានស្រាប់ដូច្នេះខ្ញុំមានបទពិសោធន៍ប្រើឧបករណ៍ដែលមានស្រាប់សម្រាប់ការប្រើប្រាស់ដូចពេលធ្វេីការ (មិនមែនថាសរសេរការអនុវត្តន៍បញ្ជី (Linked List) របស់ខ្ញុំផ្ទាល់ក្នុងពេលធ្វេីការ) + +ខ្ញុំប្រហែលជាមិនមានពេលវេលាដើម្បីធ្វើការទាំងអស់សម្រាប់មុខវិជ្ជាទាំងអស់នោះទេប៉ុន្តែខ្ញុំនឹងព្យាយាម។ + +អ្នកអាចឃើញកូដរបស់ខ្ញុំនៅទីនេះ៖ + +- [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) +- [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) +- [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + +អ្នកមិនចាំបាច់ទន្ទេញចាំគ្រប់ក្បួនដោះស្រាយទាំងអស់។ + +សរសេរកូដនៅលើក្ដារខៀនឬក្រដាស មិនមែនកុំព្យូទ័រទេ។ សាកល្បងជាមួយធាតុចូលគំរូមួយចំនួន។ បន្ទាប់មកសាកល្បងវានៅលើកុំព្យូទ័រ។ + +## ចំណេះដឹងចាំបាច់ + +- [ ] **រៀន C** + - C គឺនៅគ្រប់ទីកន្លែង។ អ្នកនឹងឃើញឧទាហរណ៍នៅក្នុងសៀវភៅការបង្រៀនវីដេអូ *នៅគ្រប់ទីកន្លែង* ពេលអ្នកកំពុងសិក្សា។ + + - [ ] [ភាសាសរសេរកម្មវិធី C, ភាគ ២](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) +         + - នេះគឺជាសៀវភៅខ្លីមួយប៉ុន្តែវានឹងផ្តល់ឱ្យអ្នកនូវភាសា C យ៉ាងល្អហើយប្រសិនបើអ្នកអនុវត្តវាបន្តិច អ្នកនឹងឆាប់ស្ទាត់ជំនាញ។ ការយល់ដឹង C ជួយអ្នកឱ្យយល់ពីរបៀបដែលកម្មវិធីនិងការចងចាំដំណើរការ។ +         + - [ចម្លើយចំពោះសំណួរ](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) + +- [ ] **របៀបដែលកុំព្យូទ័រដំណើរការកម្មវិធី:** + - [ ] [តើស៊ីភីយូប្រតិបត្តិកម្មវិធីមួយយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច? (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + - [ ] [របៀបគណនាកុំព្យូទ័រ - ALU (វីដេអូ)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + - [ ] [ចុះបញ្ជី (Registers) និង រ៉េម (RAM) (វីដេអូ)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [ ] [អង្គភាពកែច្នៃកណ្តាល (ស៊ីភីយូ) (The Central Processing Unit) (វីដេអូ)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [ ] [សេចក្តីណែនាំនិងកម្មវិធី (វីដេអូ)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) + +--- + +### Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis +## ភាពស្មុគស្មាញនៃក្បួនដោះស្រាយ / ការវិភាគ Big-O + +- គ្មានអ្វីត្រូវអនុវត្តទេ +- មានវីដេអូជាច្រើននៅទីនេះ។ គ្រាន់តែមើលឱ្យបានគ្រប់គ្រាន់រហូតដល់អ្នកយល់។ អ្នកអាចត្រលប់មកពិនិត្យឡើងវិញជានិច្ច។ +- ប្រសិនបើការបង្រៀនមួយចំនួនមានភាពស្រងូតស្រងាត់អ្នកអាចរំលងដល់ក្រោមហើយមើលវីដេអូគណិតវិទ្យាដែលដាច់ពីគ្នាដើម្បីទទួលបានចំណេះដឹងជាមូលដ្ឋាន។ +- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [កំណត់ចំណាំ Big-O (ការបង្រៀនរហ័សទូទៅ) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [Big O Notation (និង Omega និង Theta) - ការពន្យល់គណិតវិទ្យាល្អបំផុត (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] Skiena៖ +    - [វីដេអូ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) +    - [ស្លាយ](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) +- [ ] [ការណែនាំមួយចំពោះការវិភាគស្មុគស្មាញនៃគណិតវិទ្យា](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) +- [ ] [លំដាប់នៃការលូតលាស់ (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/orders-of-growth-6PKkX) +- [ ] [ការវិភាគអាមីស្តូតូទិក (Amortized) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/asymptotics-bXAtM) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (មានវីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_ca3e7UVmeUc) +- [ ] [ការវិភាគរំលោះ (Amortized) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] [បង្ហាញរូបភាព "Big-O" (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/alacticmic-thinking-1/illustrating-big-o-YVqzv) +- [ ] TopCoder (រួមបញ្ចូលទាំងទំនាក់ទំនងកើតឡើងវិញនិងទ្រឹស្តីបទមេ)៖ + - [ភាពស្មុគស្មាញនៃការគណនា៖ ផ្នែកទី ១](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [ភាពស្មុគស្មាញនៃការគណនា៖ ផ្នែកទី ២](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) +- [ ] [សន្លឹកជំនួយ](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) + +--- + +### Data Structures +## រចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យ + +- ### Arrays + - អនុវត្តវ៉ិចទ័រប្តូរទំហំដោយស្វ័យប្រវត្តិ។ + - [ ] ការពិពណ៌នា៖ + - [Arrays (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) + -[UC Berkeley CS61B - អារេ លីនែអ៊ែរ និង ពហុវិមាត្រ (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (ចាប់ផ្តើមមើលចាប់ពី ១៥នាទី ៣២វិនាទី) + - [Arrays មូលដ្ឋាន (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_04-basicArrays.mp4) + - [ពហុវិមាត្រ (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_05-multidimensionalArrays.mp4) + - [Arrays ឌីណាមិចេ (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) + - [Jagged Arrays (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [Jagged Arrays (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_06-jaggedArrays.mp4) + - [ការប្តូរទំហំ Arrays (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/03_01-resizableArrays.mp4) + - [ ] អនុវត្តវ៉ិចទ័រ (បំលែង Arrays ដោយប្តូរទំហំស្វ័យប្រវត្តិ)៖ + - [ ] អនុវត្តការសរសេរកូដដោយប្រើArrays និង ទ្រនិចចង្អុល និង គណិតទ្រនិចដើម្បីលោតទៅសន្ទស្សន៍មួយ។ + - [ ] Arrays ទិន្នន័យថ្មីដែលមានអង្គចងចាំបម្រុងទុក + - អាចបែងចែកArraysនៅក្រោមក្រណាត់ដោយគ្រាន់តែមិនប្រើលក្ខណៈពិសេសរបស់វា + - ចាប់ផ្តើមជាមួយលេខ ១៦ ឬបើលេខចាប់ផ្តើមធំជាងប្រើថាមពល ២ - ១៦, ៣២, ៦៤, ១២៨ + - [ ] size() - ចំនួនធាតុ + - [ ] capacity() - ចំនួនធាតុដែលវាអាចផ្ទុកបាន + - [ ] is_empty() + - [ ] at(index) - ត្រឡប់ធាតុនៅទីតាំងដែលបានផ្តល់ឱ្យ បេីទីតាំងនៅក្រៅព្រំដែន វានឹង មានកុំហស + - [ ] push(item) + - [ ] insert(index, item) - បញ្ចូលធាតុនៅទីតាំង ប្តូរតម្លៃទីតាំង និងធាតុនៅខាងក្រោមទៅខាងស្តាំ + - [ ] prepend (item) - អាចប្រើបញ្ចូលខាងលើនៅទីតាំង ០ + - [ ] pop() - ដកចេញពីចុងបញ្ចប់តម្លៃត្រឡប់មកវិញ + - [ ] delete(index) - លុបធាតុនៅទីតាំងដែលអោយ ផ្លាស់ប្តូរធាតុនៅពីក្រោយទាំងអស់ + - [ ] remove(item) - រកមើលតម្លៃនិងយកទីតាំងចេញដែលផ្ទុកវាចេញ (ទោះបីជានៅកន្លែងច្រើនក៏ដោយ) + - [ ] find(item) - រកមើលតម្លៃហើយត្រឡប់វិញនៅទីតាំងដំបូងជាមួយតម្លៃនោះ បើរកមិនឃើញត្រលប់វិញ -1 + - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // មុខងារឯកជន + - ពេលទំហំ Array ដល់កំណត់, ផ្លាស់ប្តូរទំហំទ្វេដងទំហំ + - នៅពេលដែលចាប់យកវត្ថុមួយ ប្រសិនបើទំហំគឺ 1/4 នៃទំហំសរុប, ផ្លាស់ប្តូរទំហំដល់ពាក់កណ្តាល + - [ ] ពេលវេលា + - O(១) ត្រូវបន្ថែម / ដកចេញនៅចុងបញ្ចប់ (សងវិញសម្រាប់ការបែងចែកសម្រាប់ទំហំបន្ថែម) ទីតាំង + - O(n) ដើម្បីបញ្ចូល / ដកចេញនៅកន្លែងផ្សេងទៀត + - [ ] លំហ + - ជាប់ទាក់ទងនឹងការចងចាំដូច្នេះភាពជិតស្និទ្ធជួយដល់ការអនុវត្ត + - ទំហំត្រូវការ = (ទំហំ Array, ដែល >= n) * ទំហំនៃធាតុ, ប៉ុន្តែបើទោះបីជា 2n, នៅតែ O (n) + +--- + +- ### Linked Lists + - [ ] ការពិពណ៌នា៖ + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists ១ (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists ២ (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [កូដ C (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) + - មិនមែនវីដេអូទាំងមូលទេគឺគ្រាន់តែជាផ្នែកអំពីរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ (Data Structure) និងការបែងចែក Memory ។ + - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) + - [នៅក្នុងពិភពពិត Linked Lists Vs Arrays (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) + - [ ] [ហេតុអ្វីអ្នកគួរចៀសវាង linked lists (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [ ] Gotcha: you need pointer to pointer knowledge: +        (សម្រាប់ពេលអ្នកហុច pointer ទៅមុខងារមួយដែលអាចផ្លាស់ប្តូរអាស័យដ្ឋានដែលព្រួញចង្អុល) +        ទំព័រនេះគ្រាន់តែដើម្បីស្វែងយល់ពី pointer ទៅ pointer ។ ខ្ញុំមិនណែនាំបញ្ជីឈ្មោះបែបត្រាប់តាមនេះទេ។ ភាពងាយស្រួលក្នុងការអាននិងរក្សាបាននូវភាពលំបាកដោយសារតែភាពឆ្លាតវៃ។ + - [Pointer ទៅ pointer](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) + - [ ] អនុវត្ត (ខ្ញុំបានធ្វើដោយប្រើទ្រនិចកន្ទុយនិងដោយគ្មាន)៖ + - [ ] size() - ត្រឡប់ចំនួនធាតុទិន្នន័យក្នុងបញ្ជី + - [ ] empty() - bool ត្រឡប់ពិតបើទទេ + - [ ] value_at(index) - ត្រឡប់តម្លៃនៃធាតុទី (ចាប់ផ្តើមពីលេខ ០ ដំបូង) + - [ ] push_front(តម្លៃ) - បន្ថែមធាតុនៅខាងមុខបញ្ជី + - [ ] pop_front() - យកធាតុខាងមុខចេញហើយប្រគល់តម្លៃរបស់វាមកវិញ + - [ ] push_back(តម្លៃ) - បន្ថែមធាតុនៅចុងបញ្ចប់ + - [ ] pop_back() - យកធាតុបញ្ចប់ហើយត្រឡប់តម្លៃរបស់វា + - [ ] front() - ទទួលបានតម្លៃនៃធាតុខាងមុខ + - [ ] back() - ទទួលបានតម្លៃនៃធាតុបញ្ចប់ + - [ ] insert(index, តម្លៃ) - បញ្ចូលតម្លៃនៅindex ដូច្នេះធាតុបច្ចុប្បន្ននៅindexនោះត្រូវបានចង្អុលទៅធាតុថ្មីនៅindex។ + - [ ] erase(index) - យក Node ចេញនៅ index ដែលបានផ្តល់ឱ្យ + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - ត្រឡប់តម្លៃ Node ទីពីខាងចុងបញ្ជី + - [ ] reverse() - បញ្ច្រាស់បញ្ជី + - [ ] remove_value(តម្លៃ) - លុបធាតុដំបូងក្នុងបញ្ជីជាមួយតម្លៃនេះ + - [ ] Doubly-linked List + - [ការពិពណ៌នា (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) + - មិនចាំបាច់អនុវត្តទេ + +--- + +- ### Stack + - [ ] [Stack (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [ការប្រើ Stack ចូលមុនចេញក្រោយ (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_01-usingStacksForLast-inFirst-out.mp4) + - [ ] នឹងមិនអនុវត្តទេ។ ការអនុវត្តជាមួយ Array គឺមិនសំខាន់។ + +- ### Queue + - [ ] [ការប្រើ Queue ចូលមុនចេញមុន(វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_03-usingQueuesForFirst-inFirst-out.mp4) + - [ ] [Queue (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) +    - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) +    - [ ] [Queue អាទិភាព (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_04-priorityQueuesAndDeques.mp4) +    - [ ] ប្រើ linked-list ដែលមានភ្ជាប់ជាមួយទ្រនិចនៅកន្ទុយ៖ + - enqueue(តម្លៃ) - បន្ថែមតម្លៃនៅទីតាំងនៅកន្ទុយ + - dequeue() - ត្រឡប់តម្លៃនិងយកធាតុដែលបានបន្ថែមថ្មីៗចេញ (ផ្នែកខាងមុខ) + - empty() +    - [ ] អនុវត្តដោយប្រើអារេ Array ទំហំថេរ៖ + - enqueue(តម្លៃ) - បន្ថែមធាតុនៅចុងបញ្ចប់នៃការផ្ទុកដែលមាន + - dequeue() - ត្រឡប់តម្លៃនិងយកធាតុដែលបានបន្ថែមថ្មីៗចេញ + - empty() + - full() +    - [ ] ថ្លៃ៖ + - ការអនុវត្តមិនល្អដោយប្រើlinked listដែលអ្នករៀបជាជួរនៅនឹងក្បាលនិងដេស្កាយនៅកន្ទុយប្រហែលជា O(n) +            ដោយសារតែអ្នកត្រូវការនៅជាប់នឹងធាតុចុងក្រោយ, បណ្តាលឱ្យ dequeue គ្នាឆ្លងកាត់ពេញលេញ + - enqueue: O(1) (amortized, linked list and array [probing]) + - dequeue: O(1) (linked list and array) + - empty: O(1) (linked list and array) + +- ### តារាងហាស (Hash table) + - [ ] វីដេអូ៖ + - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010: វចនានុក្រមដ៏អស្ចារ្យ (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [(កម្រិតខ្ពស់) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [(ជឿនលឿន) Perfect hashing (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + + - [ ] វគ្គសិក្សាអនឡាញ៖ + - [ ] [ស្វែងយល់អំពីមុខងារ Hash (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_02-understandingHashFunctions.mp4) + - [ ] [ការប្រើតារាងHash (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_03-usingHashTables.mp4) + - [ ] [គាំទ្រ Hash (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_04- ឧបត្ថម្ភគាំទ្រហាន់ឌ្រី) + - [ ] [តារាងជំនួយភាសា Hash(វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_05-languageSupportForHashTables.mp4) + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) + - [ ] [រចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យ (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4) + - [ ] [បញ្ហាសៀវភៅទូរស័ព្ទ (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) + - [តារាងចែកចាយ] + - [ការផ្ទុកឡើងភ្លាមៗនិងការបង្កើនប្រសិទ្ធភាពផ្ទុកនៅក្នុងប្រអប់ឯកសារ (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) + - [តារាងហាសចែកចាយ (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) + + - [ ] អនុវត្តជាមួយអារេដោយប្រើការស៊ើបអង្កេតលីនេអ៊ែរ + - hash(k, m) - m គឺជាទំហំនៃតារាង hash + - add(key, value) - ប្រសិនបើមានកូនសោររួចហើយ, ធ្វើបច្ចុប្បន្នភាពតម្លៃ + - exists(key) + - get(key) + - remove(key) + +--- + +### More Knowledge +## ចំណេះដឹងបន្ថែម + +- ### Binary search + - [ ] [Binary search (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) + - [ ] [Binary search (វីដេអូ)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + - [ ] [លម្អិត](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] អនុវត្ត៖ + - Binary search (នៅលើជួរអារេនៃចំនួនគត់) + - Binary search ដោយប្រើការហៅខ្លួនឯង + +- ### ប្រតិបតិ្តការ Bitwise + - [ ] [សន្លឹកជំនួយ Bits](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) + - អ្នកគួរតែស្គាល់ អំណាច ២ ពី (២ ^ ១ ដល់ ២ ^ ១៦ និង ២ ^ ៣២) + - [ ] ទទួលបានការយល់ដឹងដ៏ល្អអំពីការរៀបចំBitsជាមួយ៖ &, |, ^, ~, >>, << + - [ ] [ពាក្យ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_ (computer_architecture)) + - [ ] ការណែនាំល្អ៖ +            ការធ្វើចលនាBits (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) + - [ ] [C ការបង្រៀនសរសេរកម្មវិធី ២-១០: ប្រតិបត្តិការ Bitwise (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) + - [ ] [ការរៀបចំBits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) +  - [ ] [ប្រតិបតិ្តការ Bitwise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) + - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] [Bit Hacks (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZusiKXcz_ac) + - [ ] 2s និង 1s បំពេញបន្ថែម + - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (ហេតុអ្វីយើងប្រើសមពីរ) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) + - [១s បំពេញ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) + - [២ វិនាទីបំពេញ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) + - [ ] រាប់សំណុំ bits + - [វិធី ៤ យ៉ាងដើម្បីរាប់ប៊ីតជាសាមសិបប៊ីត (វីដេអូ)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + - [រាប់ប៊ីត](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) + - [របៀបរាប់ចំនួនសំណុំប៊ីតក្នុងចំនួនគត់ ៣២ ប៊ីត](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit- ចំនួនគត់) + - [ ] ប្តូរតម្លៃ + - [ប្តូរ](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + - [ ] តម្លៃដាច់ខាត: + - [អាំងតេក្រាលពេញលេញ](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) + +--- + +## Trees + +- ### Trees - កំណត់ត្រា និង ព័ត៌មាន + - [ ] [ស៊េរី៖ ចំនុចសំខាន់ Trees (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) + - [ ] [ស៊េរី៖ Trees (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) + - ការសាងសង់ tree + - ការឆ្លងកាត់ tree + - ក្បួនដោះស្រាយ + - [ ] [BFS(breadth-first search) និង DFS(depth-first search) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) + - កំណត់សំគាល់របស់ BFS: + - level order (BFS, ដោយប្រេី queue) + - ភាពស្មុគស្មាញពេលវេលា: O(n) + - ភាពស្មុគស្មាញនៃលំហ: ល្អបំផុត៖ O(1), អាក្រក់បំផុត៖ O(n/2)=O(n) + - DFS notes: + - ភាពស្មុគស្មាញពេលវេលា: O(n) + - ភាពស្មុគស្មាញនៃលំហ: + ល្អបំផុត៖ O(log n) - មធ្យមកម្ពស់ tree + អាក្រក់បំផុត៖ O(n) + - inorder (DFS: ឆ្វេង, ខ្លួនឯង, ស្តាំ) + - postorder (DFS: ឆ្វេង, ស្តាំ, ខ្លួនឯង) + - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + +- ### Binary search trees: BSTs + - [ ] [ការពិនិត្យឡើងវិញ Binary Search Tree (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [ស៊េរី (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) + - ចាប់ផ្តើមជាមួយតារាងនិមិត្តសញ្ញាហើយឆ្លងកាត់ការអនុវត្ត BST + - [ ] [សេចក្តីផ្តើម (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) + - [ ] [MIT (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + - C/C++: + - [ ] [Binary search tree - ការអនុវត្តក្នុង C/C++ (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) + - [ ] [BST ការអនុវត្តក្នុង - ការបែងចែក memory ក្នុង stack និង heap (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) + - [ ] [ស្វែងរកធាតុតូចបំផុត និង ធំបំផុតនៅក្នុង binary search tree (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [រកកំពស់ binary tree (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal - យុទ្ធសាស្ត្រ breadth-first និង depth-first (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) + - [ ] [Binary tree: Level Order Traversal (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal: Preorder, Inorder, Postorder (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [ពិនិត្យមើលថាតើ binary tree គឺ binary search tree រឺទេ (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [លុបធាតុពី Binary Search Tree (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) + - [ ] [Inorder Successor ក្នុង binary search tree មួយ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] ការអនុវត្ត: + - [ ] insert // ដាក់ធាតុក្នុង tree + - [ ] get_node_count // ទទួលចំនួនធាតុដែលផ្ទុក + - [ ] print_values // បង្ហាញតម្លៃក្នុង tree, ពី តូច ទៅ ធំ + - [ ] delete_tree + - [ ] is_in_tree // ត្រឡប់វិញ ពិត ប្រសិនបេីតម្លៃក្នុង tree + - [ ] get_height // ត្រឡប់វិញ កំពស់ក្នុង nodes (កំពស់ single node គឺ 1) + - [ ] get_min // ត្រឡប់វិញ ធាតុតូចជាងគេ + - [ ] get_max // ត្រឡប់វិញ ធាតុធំជាងគេ + - [ ] is_binary_search_tree + - [ ] delete_value + - [ ] get_successor // ត្រឡប់តម្លៃខ្ពស់បំផុតបន្ទាប់នៅក្នុងtreeបន្ទាប់ពីតម្លៃដែលបានផ្ដល់ ៕ បើគ្មានត្រឡប់ -1 + +- ### Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap + - visualized as a tree, but is usually linear in storage (array, linked list) + - [ ] [Heap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) + - [ ] [សេចក្តីផ្តើម (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) + - [ ] [ការអនុវត្តដំបូង (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [Binary Trees (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) + - [ ] [កំពស់ Tree (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) + - [ ] [ប្រតិបត្តិការមូលដ្ឋាន (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) + - [ ] [Binary Trees ពេញលេញ (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) + - [ ] [Pseudocode (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) + - [ ] [Heap Sort - លោតដើម្បីចាប់ផ្ដើម (វីដេអូ)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [Heap Sort (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) + - [ ] [ការកសាង heap (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) + - [ ] [MIT: Heaps និង Heap Sort (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [CS 61B មេរៀន 24: Priority Queues (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) + - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] ការអនុវត្ត max-heap: + - [ ] insert + - [ ] sift_up - ត្រូវការសំរាប់បញ្ចូល + - [ ] get_max - ត្រឡប់ធាតុអតិបរិមាដោយមិនយកវាចេញ + - [ ] get_size() - ត្រឡប់ចំនួននៃធាតុដែលបានរក្សាទុក + - [ ] is_empty() - ត្រឡប់ពិតប្រសិនបើ heap មិនមានធាតុ + - [ ] extract_max - ត្រឡប់ធាតុអតិបរិមាយកវាចេញ + - [ ] sift_down - ត្រូវការសំរាប់ extract_max + - [ ] remove(i) - យកធាតុចេញនៅ index x + - [ ] heapify - បង្កើតheap ពីធាតុជាច្រើនដែលត្រូវការសម្រាប់ heap_sort + - [ ] heap_sort() - យកarray ដែលមិនបានតម្រៀបហើយប្រែក្លាយវាទៅជាកន្លែងដែលបានតម្រៀបតាមកន្លែងដោយប្រើheapអតិបរមា។ t + - ចំណាំ៖ ការប្រើ heap តូច ជំនួសនឹងជួយសន្សំប្រតិបត្តិការ ប៉ុន្តែត្រូវការទំហំទ្វេដង (មិនអាចធ្វើនៅនឹងកន្លែង) ។ + +--- + +## Sorting + +- [ ] កំណត់សំគាល់: + - អនុវត្ត sorts និងដឹងពីករណីដែលល្អ និង ដែលអាក្រក់, ភាពស្មុគស្មាញជាមធ្យមនីមួយៗ: + - កុំប្រេី bubble sort - វាមិនល្អ - O(n^2), លុះត្រាតែ n <= 16 + - [ ] ស្ថេរភាពក្នុងក្បួនដោះស្រាយ sorting ("តើ Quicksort មានស្ថេរភាពឬ?") + - [ស្ថេរភាពក្នុងក្បួនដោះស្រាយ Sorting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) + - [ស្ថេរភាពក្នុងក្បួនដោះស្រាយ Sorting](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) + - [ស្ថេរភាពក្នុងក្បួនដោះស្រាយ Sorting](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) + - [ស្ថេរភាពក្នុងក្បួនដោះស្រាយ Sorting](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) + - [ ] តើក្បួនដោះស្រាយអ្វីខ្លះអាចត្រូវបានប្រើ linked lists? អាចត្រូវបានប្រើ arrays? អាចត្រូវបានប្រើទាំងពីរ? + - ខ្ញុំនឹងមិនណែនាំឱ្យ Sort ជាមួយ linked list ប៉ុន្តែអាចប្រេី Merge Sort។ + - [Merge Sort សំរាប់ Linked List](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) + +- សំរាប់ heapsort, សូមមេីល Heap data structure ខាងលេី. Heap sort គឺល្អ, ប៉ុន្តែមិនមានស្ថេរភាពទេ. + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort) + - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) + - [ ] [3. ភាពស្មុគស្មាញ Sorting](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/xAltF/sorting-complexity) + - [ ] [4. ប្រៀបធៀប](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/9FYhS/comparators) + - [ ] [5. ស្ថេរភាព](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 វីដេអូរ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/vjvnC/quicksort) + - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/UQxFT/selection) + - [ ] [3. Keys ស្ទួន](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/XvjPd/duplicate-keys) + - [ ] [4. Sorts ជាប្រព័ន្ធ](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/QBNZ7/system-sorts) + +- [ ] UC Berkeley: + - [ ] [CS 61B មេរៀនទី 29: Sorting I (វីដេអូរ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) + - [ ] [CS 61B មេរៀនទី 30: Sorting II (វីដេអូរ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) + - [ ] [CS 61B មេរៀនទី 32: Sorting III (វីដេអូរ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) + - [ ] [CS 61B មេរៀនទី 33: Sorting V (វីដេអូរ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) + +- [ ] [Bubble Sort (វីដេអូរ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [វិភាគ Bubble Sort (វីដេអូរ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort, Merge Sort (វីដេអូរ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort (វីដេអូរ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Merge Sort (វីដេអូរ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Quicksort (វីដេអូរ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Selection Sort (វីដេអូរ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) + +- [ ] កូដ Merge sort: + - [ ] [ការប្រើប្រាស់ output array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) + - [ ] [ការប្រើប្រាស់ output array (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) + - [ ] [In-place (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) +- [ ] កូដ Quick sort: + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) + - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) + +- [ ] អនុវត្ត: + - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) ករណីមធ្យម និង អាក្រក់បំផុត + - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) ករណីមធ្យម + - Selection sort និង insertion sort ទាំងពីរគឺ O(n^2) សំរាប់ករណីមធ្យម និង អាក្រក់បំផុត + - ចំពោះ heapsort, សូមមេីល Heap data structure ខាងលេី. + +- [ ] មិនចាំបាច់ទេ ប៉ុន្តែខ្ញុំសូមណែនាំពួកគេ: + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 វីដេអូរ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Strings ក្នុង Java](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) + - [ ] [2. ការរាប់ Key Indexed](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting) + - [ ] [3. តម្រៀបខ្ទង់អក្សរដំបូងដែលមានខ្ទង់តិចបំផុត Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [5. វិធី ៣ Radix Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/crkd5/3-way-radix-quicksort) + - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) + - [ ] [Radix Sort (វីដេអូរ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (វីដេអូរ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (វីដេអូរ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (វីដេអូរ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) + +ជាការសង្ខេបនេះគឺជាការបង្ហាញជាក់ស្តែងនៃ [១៥ វិធីដោះស្រាយ Sorting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg) ។ +ប្រសិនបើអ្នកត្រូវការព័ត៌មានលម្អិតបន្ថែមលើប្រធានបទនេះសូមមើលផ្នែក "Sorting" នៅក្នុង [ព័ត៌មានលំអិតលើប្រធានបទមួយចំនួន](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) + +--- + +## Graphs + +Graphs អាចត្រូវបានប្រើដើម្បីបង្ហាញពីបញ្ហាជាច្រើននៅក្នុងវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រកុំព្យូទ័រ ដូចជា Trees និង Sorting។ + +- កំណត់ចំណាំ: + -  មានវិធីជាមូលដ្ឋានចំនួន ៤ ដើម្បីតំណាង graph ក្នុង memory: + - objects និង pointers + - adjacency matrix + - adjacency list + - adjacency map + - ស្គាល់ខ្លួនឯងជាមួយនឹង Graphs និង គុណសម្បត្តិនិងគុណវិបត្តិរបស់វា + - BFS និង DFS - ដឹងពីភាពស្មុគស្មាញក្នុងការគណនាការជួញដូររបស់ពួកគេ និង វិធីអនុវត្តកូដពិតប្រាកដ + - នៅពេលសួរសំណួរសូមស្វែងរកដំណោះស្រាយដែលមានមូលដ្ឋានលើ Graphs ជាមុនសិនបន្ទាប់មកបន្តទៅមុខទៀតប្រសិនបើគ្មាន។ + +- [ ] MIT(វីដេអូ): + - [ ] [ការស្វែងរក Breadth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - [ ] [ការស្វែងរក Depth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) + +- [ ] ការបង្រៀន Skiena - ការណែនាំ: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - មេរៀនទី 11 - Graph Data Structures (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - មេរៀនទី 12 - Breadth-First Search (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - មេរៀនទី 13 - Graph Algorithms (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - មេរៀនទី 14 - Graph Algorithms (បន្ត) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - មេរៀនទី 15 - Graph Algorithms (បន្ត 2) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - មេរៀនទី 16 - Graph Algorithms (បន្ត 3) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + +- [ ] Graphs (ពិនិត្យឡើងវិញ និង ច្រើនទៀត): + + - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - មេរៀនទី 6 (វីដេអូ)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - មេរៀនទី 7 (វីដេអូ)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - មេរៀនទី 8 (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - មេរៀនទី 9 (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + - [ ] ~~[CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (វីដេអូ)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489)~~ + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) + - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + +- វគ្គសិក្សា Coursera: + - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) + +- ខ្ញុំនឹងអនុវត្ត: + - [ ] DFS ជាមួយ adjacency list (recursive) + - [ ] DFS ជាមួយ adjacency list (iterative with stack) + - [ ] DFS ជាមួយ adjacency matrix (recursive) + - [ ] DFS ជាមួយ adjacency matrix (iterative with stack) + - [ ] BFS ជាមួយ adjacency list + - [ ] BFS ជាមួយ adjacency matrix + - [ ] single-source shortest path (Dijkstra) + - [ ] minimum spanning tree + - DFS-based algorithms (សូមមេីល Aduni វីដេអូ ខាងលេី): + - [ ] ពិនិត្យ cycle (ត្រូវការសំរាប់ topological sort ព្រោះយើងនឹងពិនិត្យមើលវដ្តមុនពេលចាប់ផ្តើម) + - [ ] topological sort + - [ ] រាប់សមាសធាតុដែលបានភ្ជាប់នៅក្នុងក្រាហ្វ + - [ ] រាយសមាសធាតុដែលភ្ជាប់គ្នាយ៉ាងខ្លាំង + - [ ] ពិនិត្យក្រាហ្វិច bipartite + +--- + +## Even More Knowledge +## ចំណេះដឹងបន្ធែម + +- ### Recursion + - [ ] ការបង្រៀនរបស់ Stanford លេី recursion និង backtracking: + - [ ] [មេរៀនទី 8 | Programming Abstractions (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) + - [ ] [មេរៀនទី 9 | Programming Abstractions (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) + - [ ] [មេរៀនទី 10 | Programming Abstractions (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [មេរៀនទី 11 | Programming Abstractions (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) + - នៅពេលដែលសមរម្យដើម្បីប្រើវា + - តេី tail recursion ប្រសើរជាងអត់? + - [ ] [អ្វីជា Tail Recursion និង ហេតុអ្វីបានជាវាអាក្រក់?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) + +- ### Dynamic Programming + - អ្នកប្រហែលជាមិនឃើញមានបញ្ហានៃការសរសេរកម្មវិធី dynamic programming នៅក្នុងបទសម្ភាសន៍របស់អ្នកទេ ប៉ុន្តែវាសមនឹងទទួលបានការទទួលស្គាល់នូវបញ្ហាមួយក្នុងនាមជាបេក្ខជនសម្រាប់ការសរសេរកម្មវិធី dynamic programming។ + - ប្រធានបទនេះអាចជាការពិបាកណាស់, ព្រោះថាបញ្ហារបស់ DP នីមួយៗត្រូវបានកំណត់ថាជាការទាក់ទងគ្នា + - ខ្ញុំស្នើឱ្យក្រឡេកមើលឧទាហរណ៍ជាច្រើននៃបញ្ហា DP រហូតទាល់តែអ្នកមានការយល់ដឹងច្បាស់អំពីគំរូដែលពាក់ព័ន្ធ។ + - [ ] វីដេអូ: + - វីដេអូ Skiena អាចពិបាកធ្វើតាមព្រោះពេលខ្លះគាត់ប្រើក្តារខៀនដែលវាមើលមិនឃើញ + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - មេរៀនទី 19 - ការណែនាំអំពី Dynamic Programming (វីដេអូ)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - មេរៀនទី 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - មេរៀនទី 21 - ឧទាហរណ៍ Dynamic Programming (វីដេអូ)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - មេរៀនទី 22 - ការអនុវត្តកម្មវិធី Dynamic Programming (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (ចាប់ផ្តេីមពី 59:18) (វីដេអូ)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - មេរៀនទី 11 (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - មេរៀនទី 12 (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] បញ្ជីបញ្ហារបស់ DP (នីមួយៗខ្លី): + [Dynamic Programming (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + - [ ] Yale Lecture notes: + - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) + - [ ] Coursera: + - [ ] [បញ្ហា RNA secondary structure (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) + - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + - [ ] [បង្ហាញរូបភាពពីវិធីដោះស្រាយ DP (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [ពេលវេលាដំណើរការនៃ DP algorithm (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) + - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + +- ### Object-Oriented Programming + - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) + - [ ] គោលការណ៍ SOLID OOP: [គោលការណ៍ SOLID (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) + +- ### Design patterns + - [ ] [ការពិនិត្យ Quick UML (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) + - [ ] រៀនគំរូទាំងនេះ: + - [ ] strategy + - [ ] singleton + - [ ] adapter + - [ ] prototype + - [ ] decorator + - [ ] visitor + - [ ] factory, abstract factory + - [ ] facade + - [ ] observer + - [ ] proxy + - [ ] delegate + - [ ] command + - [ ] state + - [ ] memento + - [ ] iterator + - [ ] composite + - [ ] flyweight + - [ ] [ជំពូកទី ៦ (ភាគ ១) - Patterns (វីដេអូ)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) + - [ ] [ជំពូកទី ៦ (ភាគ ២) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [ជំពូកទី ៦ (ភាគ ៣) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [ស៊េរីវីដេអូ (២៧ វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) + - ខ្ញុំដឹងថាសៀវភៅបទបញ្ញត្តិគឺ“ លំនាំរចនា៖ ធាតុផ្សំនៃកម្មវិធីដែលអាចប្រើឡើងវិញបាន” ប៉ុន្តែក្បាលទីមួយគឺល្អសម្រាប់អ្នកចាប់ផ្តើមដំបូង Object-Oriented ។ + - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) + - [ ] [Design patterns សម្រាប់មនុស្ស](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) + +- ### Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability + - [ ] [ជំនាញគណិតវិទ្យា៖ វិធីស្វែងរក Factorial, Permutation និង Combination (ជ្រើសរើស) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [Make School: Probability (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + - [ ] [Make School: បន្ថែមលេី Probability និង Markov Chains (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) + - [ ] Khan Academy: + - ប្លង់វគ្គសិក្សា: + - [ ] [ទ្រឹស្តីប្រូបាបដំបូង](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) + - គ្រាន់តែវីដេអូ - ៤១ (វីដេអូនីមួយៗមានលក្ខណៈសាមញ្ញហើយវីដេអូនីមួយៗខ្លី)៖ + - [ ] [ពន្យល់អំពីប្រូបាប (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) + +- ### NP, NP-Complete និង Approximation Algorithms + - ដឹងពីបញ្ហាល្បីរបស់ NP-complete, ដូចជាអ្នកលក់ធ្វើដំណើរ និង បញ្ហា knapsack, ហើយអាចស្គាល់ពួកគេនៅពេលអ្នកសម្ភាសសួរអ្នកដោយក្លែងបន្លំ។. + - ដឹងថាអ្វីជា NP-complete. + - [ ] [Computational Complexity (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) + - [ ] Simonson: + - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (វីដេអូ)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness III (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) + - [ ] Skiena: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - មេរៀនទី 23 - Introduction to NP-Completeness (វីដេអូ)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - មេរៀនទី 24 - NP-Completeness Proofs (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - មេរៀនទី 25 - NP-Completeness Challenge (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) + - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) + - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - Peter Norvig ពិភាក្សាអំពីដំណោះស្រាយដែលល្អប្រសើរបំផុតចំពោះបញ្ហាអ្នកលក់ធ្វើដំណើរ៖ + - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) + - ទំព័រ 1048 - 1140 ក្នុង CLRS ប្រសិនបើអ្នកមានវា. + +- ### Caches + - [ ] LRU cache: + - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) + - [ ] [Implementing LRU (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) + - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) + - [ ] CPU cache: + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + +- ### Processes and Threads + - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operating Systems (25 វីដេអូ): + - សំរាប់ processes និង threads សូមមេីល វីដេអូ 1-11 + - [Operating Systems and System Programming (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + - [តេី Process និង Thread ខុសគ្នាដូចម្តេច?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) + - មាន: + - Processes, Threads, Concurrency issues + - តេី Process និង Thread ខុសគ្នាដូចម្តេច + - Processes + - Threads + - Locks + - Mutexes + - Semaphores + - Monitors + - តើពួកគេធ្វើការយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច? + - Deadlock + - Livelock + - CPU activity, interrupts, context switching + - Modern concurrency constructs with multicore processors + - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) + - [Interrupts (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) + - Process resource needs (memory: code, static storage, stack, heap, and also file descriptors, i/o) + - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own pc, stack counter, registers, and stack) + - Forking is really copy on write (read-only) until the new process writes to memory, then it does a full copy. + - Context switching + - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware? + - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] concurrency ក្នុង Python (វីដេអូ): + - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) + - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) + - [ ] [Understanding the Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) + - [reference](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) + - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) + - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) + - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) + +- ### Testing + - To cover: + - តេី unit testing ដំណេីរការយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច ? + - អ្វីជា mock objects ? + - អ្វីជា integration testing ? + - អ្វីជា dependency injection ? + - [ ] [Agile Software Testing with James Bach (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) + - [ ] [Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) + - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant) (វីដេអូ)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) + - [slides](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) + - [ ] Dependency injection: + - [ ] [slides](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) + - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) + - [ ] [How to write tests](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) + +- ### Scheduling (ការរៀបចំកាលវិភាគ) + - នៅក្នុង OS, តេីវាដំណេីរការយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច ? + - អាចប្រមូលបាន Operating System videos + +- ### String searching & manipulations + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/introduction-to-substring-search) + - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) + - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) + - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) + - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) + - [ ] [Search pattern in text (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + + ប្រសិនបើអ្នកត្រូវការព័ត៌មានលម្អិតបន្ថែមលើប្រធានបទនេះសូមមើលផ្នែក [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects). + +- ### Tries + - ចំណាំ មានការ Tries ផ្សេងៗគ្នា។ អ្នកខ្លះមានprefixes អ្នកខ្លះមិនមាន ហើយអ្នកខ្លះប្រើstring ជំនួសឱ្យbits ដើម្បីតាមដានផ្លូវ + - ខ្ញុំបានអានកូដប៉ុន្តែនឹងមិនអនុវត្តឡើយ + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) + - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) + - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) + - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] វីដេអូខ្លីៗ: + - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) + - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + +- ### Floating Point Numbers + - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (វីដេអូ - មានកំហុសក្នុងការគណនា - សូមមើលការពិពណ៌នាជាវីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + +- ### Unicode + - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + +- ### Endianness + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141940/http://www.cs.umd.edu:80/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - និយាយបច្ចេកទេសខ្លាំងណាស់សម្រាប់ kernel devs. កុំបារម្ភប្រសិនបេីមិនយល់ទាំងស្រុង + - ពាក់កណ្តាលទីមួយគឺគ្រប់គ្រាន់ហើយ + +- ### Networking (បណ្តាញ) + - ** ប្រសិនបើអ្នកមានបទពិសោធបណ្តាញឬចង់ក្លាយជាវិស្វករដែលអាចជឿជាក់បានឬវិស្វករប្រតិបត្តិការរំពឹងថានឹងមានសំណួរ ** + - បើមិនដូច្នោះទេនេះគ្រាន់តែជាការល្អដើម្បីដឹង + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/computers-and-internet-code-org) + - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained! (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial. (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0 (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [Video Series (21 វីដេអូ) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] Sockets: + - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [ ] [Socket Programming (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) + +## System Design, Scalability, Data Handling + +** អ្នកអាចរំពឹងថានឹងមានសំណួររចនាប្រព័ន្ធប្រសិនបើអ្នកមានបទពិសោធ 4+ ឆ្នាំ។ ** + +- Scalability និង System Designគឺជាប្រធានបទដែលមានប្រធានបទជាច្រេីន និង ធនធានជាច្រើន ដោយសារវាត្រូវការគិតច្រេីនពេលបង្កេីតប្រព័ន្ធដែលល្អ + រំពឹងថានឹងចំណាយពេលបន្តិចលើរឿងនេះ +- ការពិចារណា: + - Scalability + - Distill large data sets to single values + - Transform one data set to another + - Handling obscenely large amounts of data + - System design + - features sets + - interfaces + - class hierarchies + - designing a system under certain constraints + - simplicity and robustness + - tradeoffs + - performance analysis and optimization +- [ ] **ចាប់ផ្តើមនៅទីនេះ**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) +- [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) +- [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) +- [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) +- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below +- [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +- [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) +- [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) +- [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) +- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) +- [ ] Consensus Algorithms: + - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + - [ ] [Easy-to-read paper](https://raft.github.io/) + - [ ] [Infographic](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) +- [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) +- [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) +- [ ] Scalability: + - អ្នកមិនត្រូវការរបស់ទាំងអស់នេះទេ។ គ្រាន់តែជ្រើសរើសយកចំណាប់អារម្មណ៍មួយចំនួនដែលអ្នកចាប់អារម្មណ៍។ + - [ ] [Great overview (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] ស៊េរីខ្លីៗ: + - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) + - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + - [ ] [Pragmatic Programming Techniques](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) + - [extra: Google Pregel Graph Processing](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) + - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) + - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) + - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) + - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) + - [វីដេអូ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) + - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) + - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) + - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Get In The Queue](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) + - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) + - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) + - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) + - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) + - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) + - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) + - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) + - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) + - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) + - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) + - [ ] [Cinchcast Architecture - Producing 1,500 Hours Of Audio Every Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) + - [ ] [Justin.Tv's Live Video Broadcasting Architecture](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) + - [ ] [Playfish's Social Gaming Architecture - 50 Million Monthly Users And Growing](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) + - [ ] [TripAdvisor Architecture - 40M Visitors, 200M Dynamic Page Views, 30TB Data](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) + - [ ] [PlentyOfFish Architecture](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) + - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) + - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + - [ ] See "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" way below for info on some of the technologies that can glue services together + - [ ] Twitter: + - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) + - មេីលបន្ធែម "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [វីដេអូ](#video-series) section +- [ ] ការអនុវត្តដំណើរការរចនាប្រព័ន្ធ៖ នេះគឺជាគំនិតមួយចំនួនដើម្បីព្យាយាមធ្វើការលើក្រដាសនីមួយៗដោយមានឯកសារមួយចំនួនស្តីពីវិធីដែលត្រូវបានដោះស្រាយនៅក្នុងពិភពពិត៖ + - ពិនិត្យឡើងវិញ: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - flow: + 1. ស្វែងយល់ពីបញ្ហានិងវិសាលភាព + - កំណត់ករណីប្រើប្រាស់ដោយមានជំនួយពីអ្នកសម្ភាសន៍ + - ស្នើលក្ខណៈបន្ថែម + - ដកចេញលក្ខណៈដែលអ្នកសម្ភាសន៍គិតថាលើស + - សន្មតថាភាពអាចរកបានខ្ពស់ត្រូវបានទាមទារបន្ថែមជាករណីប្រើប្រាស់ + 2. គិតអំពីឧបសគ្គ៖ + - សួរថាតើមានប៉ុន្មានសំណើរប៉ុន្មានក្នុងមួយខែ + - សួរថាតើមានសំណូមពរប៉ុន្មានក្នុងមួយវិនាទី (ពួកគេអាចស្ម័គ្រចិត្តឬធ្វើឱ្យអ្នកធ្វើគណនា) + - ប៉ាន់ស្មានអាននឹងសរសេរជាភាគរយ + - ចងចាំបទបញ្ជា ៨០/២០ ក្នុងពេលធ្វើការប៉ាន់ស្មាន + - តើទិន្នន័យប៉ុន្មានត្រូវបានសរសេរក្នុងមួយវិនាទី + - ការផ្ទុកសរុបត្រូវការក្នុងរយៈពេល ៥ ឆ្នាំ + - តើទិន្នន័យត្រូវអានប៉ុន្មានដងក្នុងមួយវិនាទី + 3. ការរចនាអរូបី៖ + - ស្រទាប់ (សេវាកម្ម ទិន្នន័យ ឃ្លាំងសម្ងាត់ (cache) ) + - ហេដ្ឋារចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ៖ ផ្ទុកតុល្យភាព(load balacing), សារ + - ទិដ្ឋភាពទូទៅរដុបនៃក្បួនដោះស្រាយគន្លឹះណាមួយដែលជំរុញសេវាកម្ម + - ពិចារណាការរាំងស្ទះនិងកំណត់ដំណោះស្រាយ + - លំហាត់: + - [Design a CDN network: old article](https://kilthub.cmu.edu/articles/Globally_distributed_content_delivery/6605972) + - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) + - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) + - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) + - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) + +--- + +## Final Review (ការពិនិត្យចុងក្រោយ) + + ផ្នែកនេះនឹងមានវីដេអូខ្លីៗដែលអ្នកអាចមើលបានយ៉ាងរហ័សដើម្បីពិនិត្យឡើងវិញនូវគោលគំនិតសំខាន់ៗ។ វាល្អណាស់ប្រសិនបើអ្នកចង់ធ្វើឱ្យស្រស់ជាងមុន។ + +- [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 វីដេអូ) + - [វីដេអូ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (18 វីដេអូ): + - [វីដេអូ](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] [វីដេអូ Sedgewick - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) +- [ ] [វីដេអូ Sedgewick - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +--- + +## Coding Question Practice (ការអនុវត្តសំណួរសរសេរកូដ) + +ឥឡូវអ្នកដឹងពីប្រធានបទវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រកុំព្យូទ័រទាំងអស់ខាងលើ វាដល់ពេលត្រូវអនុវត្តការឆ្លើយសំនួរបញ្ហា។ + +**ការអនុវត្តសំណួរសរសេរកូដមិនមែនអំពីការទន្ទេញចម្លើយចំពោះបញ្ហាសរសេរកម្មវិធីទេ។** + +មូលហេតុដែលអ្នកត្រូវអនុវត្តធ្វើបញ្ហាសរសេរកម្មវិធី៖ +- ការទទួលស្គាល់បញ្ហានិងកន្លែងដែលរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យត្រឹមត្រូវនិងក្បួនដោះស្រាយត្រូវគ្នា +- ការប្រមូលផ្តុំតម្រូវការសម្រាប់បញ្ហា +- និយាយពីបញ្ហាដូចជាអ្នកនឹងជួបអ្នកសម្ភាសន៍ដែរ +- សរសេរកូដនៅលើក្តារខៀនឬក្រដាសមិនមែនកុំព្យូទ័រទេ +- មានពេលវេលានិងចន្លោះស្មុគស្មាញសម្រាប់ដំណោះស្រាយរបស់អ្នក +- សាកល្បងតេសដំណោះស្រាយរបស់អ្នក + +មានការណែនាំដ៏ល្អសំរាប់វិធីសាស្រ្តដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាដែលមានលក្ខណៈជាបញ្ហាក្នុងការសំភាសន៍។ អ្នកនឹងទទួលបានពីកម្មវិធីសៀវភៅសំភាសន៍ផងដែរប៉ុន្តែខ្ញុំបានរកឃើញថាលេចធ្លោនេះ៖ +[Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) + +គ្មានក្តារខៀននៅផ្ទះទេ? ខ្ញុំជាមនុស្សចំលែកនិងមានក្តារខៀនធំ។ ជំនួសឱ្យក្តារខៀន សូមរើសយកផ្ទាំងគំនូរធំ ៗ ពីហាងសិល្បៈ។ អ្នកអាចអង្គុយលើសាឡុងនិងអនុវត្តបាន។ នេះគឺជា "សាឡុងក្តារចុច" របស់ខ្ញុំ។ +ខ្ញុំបានបន្ថែមប៊ិចនៅក្នុងរូបថតសម្រាប់ខ្នាត។ ប្រសិនបើអ្នកប្រើប៊ិចអ្នកនឹងចង់លុបចោល។ ឆាប់រញ៉េរញ៉ៃ។ ខ្ញុំប្រើខ្មៅដៃនិងជ័រលុប។ + +![my sofa whiteboard](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) + +បន្ថែម: + +- [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) +- [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) +- [MIT Interview Materials](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) +- [Exercises for getting better at a given language](http://exercism.io/languages) + +**អាននិងធ្វើបញ្ហាកម្មវិធី (តាមលំដាប់លំដោយ):** + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) + - ចម្លើយជា C, C++ និង Java +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - ចម្លើយជា Java + +មេីលសៀភៅ [Book List above](#book-list) + + +## Coding exercises/challenges + +នៅពេលដែលអ្នកបានរៀនខួរក្បាលរបស់អ្នកហើយ សូមដាក់ខួរក្បាលទាំងនោះឱ្យដំណើរការ។ +យកបញ្ហាប្រឈមនៃការសរសេរកូដជារៀងរាល់ថ្ងៃតាមដែលអ្នកអាចធ្វើបាន។ + +- [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) + +វីឌីអូសំភាសន៍ការសរសេរកូដ: +- [IDeserve (88 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - Super for walkthroughs of problem solutions +- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - ការពន្យល់ល្អអំពីដំណោះស្រាយនិងលេខកូដ + - អ្នកអាចមើលបានច្រើនក្នុងរយៈពេលដ៏ខ្លី +- [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) + +គេហទំព័រប្រកួតប្រជែង: +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) + - គេហទំព័របញ្ហាសរសេរកូដដែលខ្ញុំចូលចិត្តបំផុត។ វាមានតម្លៃសម្រាប់ការជាវប្រាក់សម្រាប់រយៈពេល 1-2 ខែដែលអ្នកទំនងជានឹងរៀបចំ + - [LeetCode solutions from FisherCoder](https://github.com/fishercoder1534/Leetcode) + - សូមមើលវីដេអូស Nick ខាងលើសម្រាប់លេខកូដខ្លី +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) +- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) +- [Code Exercises](https://code-exercises.com) + +គេហទំព័រសិក្សាភាសាដែលមានបញ្ហាប្រឈម៖ +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) +- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) + +Challenge repos: +- [Interactive Coding Interview Challenges in Python](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) + +Mock Interviews: +- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - I used this and it helped me relax for the phone screen and on-site interview +- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - peer-to-peer model of practice interviews +- [Refdash: Mock interviews and expedited interviews](https://refdash.com/) - also help candidates fast track by skipping multiple interviews with tech companies +- [interviewing.io: Practice mock interview with senior engineers](https://interviewing.io) - anonymous algorithmic/systems design interviews with senior engineers from FAANG anonymously. + + +## នៅពេលអ្នកជិតដល់ការសម្ភាសន៍ + +- Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (វីដេអូ): + - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) + - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) + +## ប្រវត្តិរូបសង្ខេបរបស់អ្នក + +- មើលបន្តការរៀបចំរបស់នៅក្នុង Cracking The Coding Interview និង back of Programming Interviews Exposed + + +## ត្រូវគិតអំពីពេលសម្ភាសន៍មកដល់ + +គិតអំពីសំណួរសំភាសន៍ចំនួន 20 ដែលអ្នកនឹងទទួលបានរួមជាមួយធាតុខាងក្រោម។ មានចម្លើយ ២-៣ សម្រាប់ចម្លើយនីមួយៗ។ +មានរឿងរ៉ាវមិនមែនគ្រាន់តែទិន្នន័យអំពីអ្វីដែលអ្នកបានសំរេចនោះទេ។ + +- ហេតុអ្វីបានជាអ្នកចង់បានការងារនេះ? +- តើអ្វីជាបញ្ហាដ៏លំបាកដែលអ្នកបានដោះស្រាយ? +- បញ្ហាធំ ៗ ដែលប្រឈមមុខ? +- ការរចនាម៉ូដណាដែលល្អបំផុត / អាក្រក់បំផុត? +- គំនិតសម្រាប់កែលម្អផលិតផលដែលមានស្រាប់ +- តើអ្នកធ្វើការបានល្អបំផុតដោយរបៀបណាក្នុងនាមជាបុគ្គលនិងជាក្រុម? +- ជំនាញឬបទពិសោធន៍ណាមួយរបស់អ្នកដែលជាទ្រព្យសម្បត្តិនៅក្នុងតួនាទីហើយហេតុអ្វី? +- តើអ្វីដែលអ្នកពេញចិត្តបំផុតនៅ [ការងារ x / គម្រោង y]? +- តើអ្វីជាបញ្ហាប្រឈមដ៏ធំបំផុតដែលអ្នកបានប្រឈមនៅ [ការងារ x / គម្រោង y]? +- តើអ្វីទៅជាកំហុសដ៏លំបាកបំផុតដែលអ្នកបានជួបប្រទះនៅ [ការងារ x / គម្រោង y]? +- តើអ្នកបានរៀនអ្វីខ្លះនៅ [ការងារ x / គំរោង y]? +តើអ្នកនឹងធ្វើអ្វីបានល្អជាងនៅ [ការងារ x / គំរោង y]? + +## Have questions for the interviewer (មានសំណួរសម្រាប់អ្នកសម្ភាសន៍) + + សំនួរខ្លះរបស់ខ្ញុំ (ខ្ញុំប្រហែលជាដឹងចម្លើយរួចហើយប៉ុន្តែចង់បានយោបល់ឬទស្សនៈក្រុមរបស់ពួកគេ) + +- តើក្រុមរបស់អ្នកមានទំហំប៉ុនណា? +- តើវដ្ដ dev របស់អ្នកមើលទៅដូចអ្វី? តើអ្នកធ្វើទឹកជ្រោះទឹកពន្លក / ឆាប់រហ័សទេ? +- តើប្រញាប់ប្រញាល់ដល់ពេលវេលាកំណត់ទេ? ឬមានភាពបត់បែន? +- តើការសម្រេចចិត្តត្រូវបានធ្វើឡើងនៅក្នុងក្រុមរបស់អ្នកយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច? +- តើអ្នកមានការប្រជុំប៉ុន្មានដងក្នុងមួយសប្តាហ៍? +- តើអ្នកមានអារម្មណ៍ថាបរិយាកាសការងាររបស់អ្នកជួយអ្នកក្នុងការផ្តោតអារម្មណ៍ទេ? +- តើអ្នកកំពុងធ្វើអ្វី? +- តើអ្នកចូលចិត្តអ្វី? +- ជីវិតការងារដូចជាអ្វី? +- តើការងារ / ជីវិតមានតុល្យភាពយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច? + +## Once You've Got The Job (នៅពេលដែលអ្នកមានការងារធ្វើ) + +សូមអបអរសាទរ! + +បន្តរៀន។ + +រៀនមិនចេះចប់។ + +--- + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + + អ្វីគ្រប់យ៉ាងនៅខាងក្រោមចំណុចនេះគឺស្រេចចិត្តបេីចង់មេីល។ + តាមរយៈការសិក្សាទាំងនេះ អ្នកនឹងទទួលបានការយល់ដឹងកាន់តែច្រើនពីគំនិតវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រកុំព្យូទ័រ ហើយអ្នកនឹងត្រូវបានរៀបចំខ្លួនឱ្យកាន់តែប្រសើរ + ការងារវិស្វកម្មផ្នែកទន់ណាមួយ។ អ្នកនឹងក្លាយជាវិស្វករផ្នែកទន់ដែលមានចំេនះពេញលេញ។ + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + +--- + +## Additional Books (សៀវភៅបន្ថែម) + + ទាំងនេះគឺនៅទីនេះដូច្នេះអ្នកអាចចូលទៅក្នុងប្រធានបទដែលអ្នកចាប់អារម្មណ៍។ + +- [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) + - ចាស់តែល្អ +- [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - ជម្រើសទំនើប +- [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) +- [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - ការណែនាំ design patterns +- [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - AKA the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF + - The canonical design patterns book +- [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 5th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0134277554/) +- [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - ជាការពិនិត្យឡើងវិញនិងការទទួលស្គាល់បញ្ហា + - ផ្នែកកាតាឡុកក្បួនដោះស្រាយគឺហួសពីវិសាលភាពនៃការពិបាកដែលអ្នកនឹងជួបសម្ភាសន៍ + - សៀវភៅនេះមានពីរផ្នែក៖ + - សៀវភៅសិក្សាថ្នាក់ស្តីពីរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យនិងក្បួនដោះស្រាយ + - គុណសម្បត្តិ: + - គឺជាការពិនិត្យឡើងវិញដ៏ល្អមួយដែលជាសៀវភៅក្បួនដោះស្រាយណាមួយ + - រឿងល្អ ៗ ពីបទពិសោធន៍របស់គាត់ដោះស្រាយបញ្ហានៅក្នុងឧស្សាហកម្មនិងបណ្ឌិតសភា + - ឧទាហរណ៍កូដនៅក្នុង C + - គុណវិបត្តិ: + - Can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects + - Chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have + - Don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material + - Algorithm catalog: + - នេះជាហេតុផលពិតប្រាកដដែលអ្នកទិញសៀវភៅនេះ + - ហៀបនឹងចូលដល់ផ្នែកនេះ។ នឹងធ្វើបច្ចុប្បន្នភាពនៅទីនេះនៅពេលដែលខ្ញុំបានឆ្លងកាត់វា + - អាចជួលវានៅលើ Kindle + - ចម្លើយ: + - [ដំណោះស្រាយ](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [ដំណោះស្រាយ](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +- [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - សៀវភៅនេះត្រូវបានបោះពុម្ពផ្សាយក្នុងឆ្នាំ ២០០៤ ហើយវាហួសសម័យបន្តិចប៉ុន្តែវាជាធនធានដ៏អស្ចារ្យសម្រាប់ការស្វែងយល់អំពីកុំព្យូទ័រដោយសង្ខេប + - The author invented [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly), so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like + - ជំពូកទាំងនេះពិតជាមានប្រយោជន៍ក្នុងការអានដើម្បីផ្តល់ឱ្យអ្នកនូវគ្រឹះដ៏ល្អមួយ: + - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation + - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations + - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation + - Chapter 5 - Character Representation + - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access + - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects + - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture + - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture + - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization +- [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) + - **សំខាន់ៈ** ការអានសៀវភៅនេះនឹងមានតម្លៃតែប៉ុណ្ណោះ។ សៀវភៅនេះគឺជាការពិនិត្យឡើងវិញដ៏អស្ចារ្យនៃក្បួនដោះស្រាយនិងរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យប៉ុន្តែនឹងមិនបង្រៀនអ្នកពីរបៀបសរសេរកូដល្អទេ។ អ្នកត្រូវតែចេះសរសេរកូដដំណោះស្រាយប្រកបដោយប្រសិទ្ធភាព + - AKA CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game + +- [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + - For a richer, more up-to-date (2017), but longer treatment + +- [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + - ជំពូកដំបូង បង្ហាញនូវដំណោះស្រាយដ៏ឆ្លាតវៃចំពោះបញ្ហាសរសេរកម្មវិធី (ខ្លះចាស់ដោយប្រើខ្សែអាត់ទិន្នន័យ) ប៉ុន្តែនោះគ្រាន់តែជាការណែនាំប៉ុណ្ណោះ។ សៀវភៅណែនាំស្តីពីការរចនាកម្មវិធីនិងស្ថាបត្យកម្ម + +## Additional Learning + + ខ្ញុំបានបន្ថែមពួកគេដើម្បីជួយអ្នកឱ្យក្លាយជាវិស្វករផ្នែកទន់ដែលមានមានចំេណះពេញលេញហើយត្រូវដឹងច្បាស់បច្ចេកវិទ្យានិងក្បួនដោះស្រាយដូច្នេះអ្នកនឹងមានប្រអប់ឧបករណ៍ធំជាងមុន។ + +- ### Compilers + - [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [C++ (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) + +- ### Emacs and vi(m) + - រៀនពី unix-based code editor + - vi(m): + - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) + - ឈុត ៤ (វីដេអូ): + - [The vi/vim editor - មេរៀន 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) + - [The vi/vim editor - មេរៀន 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) + - [The vi/vim editor - មេរៀន 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) + - [The vi/vim editor - មេរៀន 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) + - [Using Vi Instead of Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) + - emacs: + - [Basics Emacs Tutorial (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) + - ឈុត ៣ (វីដេអូ): + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) + - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) + - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) + - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) + +- ### Unix command line tools + - ខ្ញុំបានបំពេញក្នុងបញ្ជីខាងក្រោមពីឧបករណ៍ល្អ ៗ. + - bash + - cat + - grep + - sed + - awk + - curl or wget + - sort + - tr + - uniq + - [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + +- ### Information theory (វីដេអូ) + - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - បន្ថែមទៀតអំពី Markov processes: + - [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + - សូមមើលបន្ថែមនៅ MIT 6.050J Information និង Entropy series + +- ### Parity & Hamming Code (វីដេអូ) + - [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - Hamming Code: + - [Error detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) + - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) + - [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + +- ### Entropy + - សូមមើលវីដេអូខាងក្រោមផង + - ត្រូវប្រាកដថាមើលវីដេអូទ្រឹស្តីព័ត៌មានជាមុន + - [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (វីដេអូ)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + +- ### Cryptography + - សូមមើលវីដេអូខាងក្រោមផង + - ត្រូវប្រាកដថាមើលវីដេអូទ្រឹស្តីព័ត៌មានជាមុន + - [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- ### Compression + - ត្រូវប្រាកដថាមើលវីដេអូទ្រឹស្តីព័ត៌មានជាមុន + - Computerphile (វីដេអូ): + - [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [វីដេអូ Compressor Head](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) + +- ### Computer Security + - [MIT (23 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- ### Garbage collection + - [GC in Python (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) + +- ### Parallel Programming + - [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + +- ### Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems + - [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [ការបង្រៀន](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) + - [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [ការបង្រៀន](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) + - [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) + - [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [ការបង្រៀន](http://try.redis.io/) + - [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [ចាប់ផ្តើម](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) + - [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [ជំហានដំបូងជាមួយ Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) + - [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) + - [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + +- ### A* + - [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) + +- ### Fast Fourier Transform + - [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [What is the Fourier Transform? (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [Divide & Conquer: FFT (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + +- ### Bloom Filter + - ចំពោះBloom filterមួយដែលមាន m bits និង មុខងារhasing k, ទាំងការបញ្ចូលនិងការធ្វើតេស្តសមាជិកភាពគឺO(k) + - [Bloom Filters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) + - [How To Write A Bloom Filter App](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) + +- ### HyperLogLog + - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) + +- ### Locality-Sensitive Hashing + - ប្រើដើម្បីកំណត់ភាពស្រដៀងគ្នានៃឯកសារ + - ការផ្ទុយមកពី MD5 ឬ SHA ដែលត្រូវបានប្រើដើម្បីកំណត់ថាតើឯកសារ ឬ ខ្សែអក្សរចំនួន ២ ពិតជាដូចគ្នា + - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) + +- ### van Emde Boas Trees + - [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + +- ### Augmented Data Structures + - [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) + +- ### Balanced search trees + - ស្គាល់យ៉ាងហោចណាស់មែកធាងគោលពីរដែលមានតុល្យភាព (balanced binary tree) (និងដឹងពីរបៀបដែលវាត្រូវបានអនុវត្ត)៖ + - “ ក្នុងចំណោមដើមឈើស្វែងរកដែលមានតុល្យភាពដើម (balanced binary tree) AVL និងដើមឈើ ២/៣មិនពេញនិយមទេ៕ red-black trees ហាក់ដូចជាមានប្រជាប្រិយភាពជាង។ + រចនាសម្ពន្ធ័ទិន្នន័យរៀបចំដោយខ្លួនឯងដែលគួរឱ្យចាប់អារម្មណ៍ជាពិសេសគឺមែកឈើsplay tree ដែលប្រើការបង្វិល + ដើម្បីផ្លាស់ទីកូនសោណាដែលបានចូលទៅកាន់ឬស។ "- ស្គីណា (Skiena) + - ក្នុងចំណោមទាំងនេះខ្ញុំបានជ្រើសរើសអនុវត្តមែកឈើ splay tree ។ ពីអ្វីដែលខ្ញុំបានអានអ្នកនឹងមិនអនុវត្តទេនៅមែកធាងស្វែងរកមានតុល្យភាពនៅក្នុងបទសម្ភាសន៍របស់អ្នក។ ប៉ុន្តែខ្ញុំចង់បង្ហាញលេខកូដ + ហើយប្រឈមមុខនឹងវា ។ ខ្ញុំបានអានលេខកូដred-black treeច្រើន + - Splay tree: បញ្ចូល, ស្វែងរក, លុប + ប្រសិនបើអ្នកអនុវត្តដើមឈើក្រហម / ខ្មៅសាកល្បងទាំងនេះ៖ + - មុខងារស្វែងរក និង ការបញ្ចូល ការរំលងលុប + - ខ្ញុំចង់រៀនបន្ថែមទៀតអំពី B-Tree ចាប់តាំងពីវាត្រូវបានគេប្រើយ៉ាងទូលំទូលាយជាមួយសំណុំទិន្នន័យធំ ៗ + - [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + + - **AVL trees** + - ក្នុងការអនុវត្ត ៖ + តាមអ្វីដែលខ្ញុំអាចប្រាប់បាន អ្វីៗទាំងនេះមិនត្រូវបានគេប្រើច្រើនទេនៅក្នុងការអនុវត្តប៉ុន្តែខ្ញុំអាចមើលឃើញកន្លែងដែលពួកគេប្រីវា៖ + AVL Tree គឺជារចនាសម្ព័នមួយផ្សេងទៀតដែលគាំទ្រដល់ការស្វែងរក (បញ្ចូល n) ការបញ្ចូល និង ការដកយកចេញ។ វាកាន់តែម៉ឺងម៉ាត់ + មានតុល្យភាពជាងដើមឈើខ្មៅក្រហម (red-black tree) ដែលមានការបញ្ចូលយឺត និង ដកចេញយឺត ប៉ុន្តែការទាញមកវិញលឿនជាងមុន។ នេះធ្វើឱ្យវា + មានភាពទាក់ទាញសម្រាប់រចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យដែលអាចត្រូវបានសាងសង់ម្តងហើយផ្ទុកដោយមិនមានការកសាងឡើងវិញដូចជាភាសា + វចនានុក្រម (ឬវចនានុក្រមកម្មវិធីដូចជា opcodes របស់ assembler ឬ interpreter) + + - [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [AVL Trees (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [AVL Tree Implementation (វីដេអូ)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + + - **Splay trees** + - ក្នុងការអនុវត្ត ៖ + Splay trees ត្រូវបានប្រើជាធម្មតាក្នុងការអនុវត្ត caches, memory allocators, routers, garbage collectors, + data compression, ropes (ការជំនួស string ដែលប្រើសម្រាប់ long text strings), ក្នុង Windows NT (ក្នុង virtual memory, + networking និង file system code) ជាដេីម + - [CS 61B: Splay Trees (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) + - MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: + - វាមានគណិតច្រេីន តែអាចមេីល១០ នាទីចុងក្រោយបាន + - [វីដេអូ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) + + - **Red/black trees** + - នេះជាការពិពណ៌នាអំពីដេីមឈេី 2-3 (មើលខាងក្រោម). + - ក្នុងការអនុវត្ត ៖ + Red–black trees ផ្តល់ជូនការធានាករណីអាក្រក់បំផុតសម្រាប់ពេលវេលាបញ្ចូល ពេលវេលាលុប និង ពេលវេលាស្វែងរក។ + វាមិនត្រឹមតែធ្វើឱ្យពួកគេល្អនៅក្នុងកម្មវិធីដែលត្រូវការពេលវេលាប៉ុណ្ណោះទេ ដូចជាកម្មវិធីជាក់ស្តែង + ប៉ុន្តែវាធ្វើឱ្យពួកគេប្លុកមានតម្លៃនៅក្នុងរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យផ្សេងទៀតដែលផ្តល់នូវការធានាករណីអាក្រក់បំផុត។ + ឧទាហរណ៍រចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទិន្នន័យជាច្រើនដែលត្រូវបានប្រើក្នុងធរណីមាត្រគណនាអាចផ្អែកលើដើមឈើ red–black និង Completely Fair Scheduler ដែលប្រើនៅក្នុងខឺណែលលីនុចបច្ចុប្បន្នប្រើដើមឈើred–black ។ + នៅក្នុងកំណែ ៨ នៃចាវ៉ា ការប្រមូលHashMapត្រូវបានកែប្រែហើយដើមឈើ Red-Black ត្រូវបានប្រើ ជំនួសឱ្យការប្រើLinkedListដើម្បីផ្ទុកធាតុដូចគ្នាបេះបិទទៅនឹងhashcodes មិនល្អ + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (តំណភ្ជាប់លោតទៅចំណុចចាប់ផ្តើម) (វីដេអូ)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + + - **2-3 search trees** + - ក្នុងការអនុវត្ត ៖ + 2-3 trees មានការបញ្ចូលលឿនជាងមុននៅក្នុងការចំណាយនៃការស្វែងរកយឺត (ដោយសារកំពស់ខ្ពស់ជាងបេីប្រៀបទៅ AVL trees). + - អ្នកអាចនឹងកំរប្រេី 2-3 tree ដោយសារតែការអនុវត្តរបស់វាទាក់ទងនឹងប្រភេទផ្សេងៗគ្នានៃថ្នាំង. ជំនួសវិញយេីងប្រេី Red Black trees. + - [23-Tree Intuition និង និយមន័យ (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + + - **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** + - ក្នុងការអនុវត្ត៖ + សម្រាប់រាល់ 2-4 tree, វាមាន red–black trees ជាមួយ data elements ដែលមានលំដាប់ដូចគ្នា. ការបញ្ចូលនិងការលុប + ប្រតិបត្ដិការនៅលើដើមឈើ 2-4 គឺស្មើទៅនឹងត្រឡប់ពណ៌និងការបង្វិលនៅក្នុងដើមឈើខ្មៅក្រហម. នេះធ្វើឱ្យដើមឈើ 2-4 ដើម + ឧបករណ៍សំខាន់សម្រាប់ការស្វែងយល់ពីតក្កវិជ្ជានៅពីក្រោយដើមឈើក្រហម - ក្រហមហើយនេះជាមូលហេតុដែលអត្ថបទណែនាំជាច្រើននៃក្បួនដោះស្រាយណែនាំ + ដើមឈើ ២-៤ ដើមមុនដើមឈើក្រហម - ក្រហមទោះបី ** ដើមឈើ ២-៤ ក៏មិនត្រូវបានប្រើក្នុងការអនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែងដែរ ** ។ + - [CS 61B មេរៀនទី 26: Balanced Search Trees (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) + - [Bottom Up 234-Trees (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [Top Down 234-Trees (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + + - **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** + - ចំណាំ: the N ឬ K ជា branching factor (max branches) + - binary trees គឺជា 2-ary tree មួយ, ដែលមាន branching factor = 2 + - 2-3 trees គឺជា 3-ary + - [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + + - **B-Trees** + - ការពិត: វាជាអាថ៌កំបាំង, តែ B អាចជា Boeing, Balanced, ឬ Bayer (co-inventor). + - ក្នុងការអនុវត្ត: + B-Trees ត្រូវបានប្រើយ៉ាងទូលំទូលាយនៅក្នុង databases. filesystems ទំនើបបំផុតភាគច្រេីនប្រេី B-trees (ឬ Variants). បន្ថែមពីលើ + ការប្រើប្រាស់របស់វានៅក្នុង databases, B-tree ក៏ត្រូវបានប្រើនៅក្នុង filesystems ដើម្បីអនុញ្ញាតឱ្យចូលទៅកាន់ quick random access ទៅ arbitrary + block មួយ ក្នុងឯកសារជាក់លាក់មួយ. បញ្ហាមូលដ្ឋានគឺការប្រែក្លាយបណ្តុំឯកសារអាយទៅជាប្លុកឌីស (ឬ ប្រហែលជាអាសយដ្ឋាន cylinder-head-sector) + - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [B-Tree Datastructure](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) + - [សេចក្តីផ្តើមទៅ B-Trees (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [និយមន័យ B-Tree និង Insertion (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ការលុប B-Tree (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - រៀនពី cache-oblivious B-Trees, data structures + - ៣៧ នាទីដំបូងគឺបច្ចេកទេសហើយប្រហែលជាអាចរំលងចោល (B is block size, cache line size) + + +- ### k-D Trees + - ល្អសម្រាប់ការស្វែងរកចំនួនចំនុចក្នុងចតុកោណកែងឬវត្ថុវិមាត្រខ្ពស់ + - ល្អសំរាប់ k-nearest neighbors + - [Kd Trees (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - [kNN K-d tree algorithm (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + +- ### Skip lists + - "These are somewhat of a cult data structure" - Skiena + - [Randomization: Skip Lists (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [សម្រាប់ចលនានិងលម្អិតបន្ថែមទៀត](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + +- ### Network Flows + - [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) + - [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [Network Flows (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + +- ### Disjoint Sets & Union Find + - [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) + - [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) + +- ### Math for Fast Processing + - [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (ប្រេីក្នុង cryptography) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + +- ### Treap + - ការរួមបញ្ចូលគ្នានៃ binary search tree និង a heap + - [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [Data Structures: Treaps explained (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + +- ### Linear Programming (វីដេអូ) + - [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) + +- ### Geometry, Convex hull (វីដេអូ) + - [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - មេរៀនទី 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - មេរៀនទី 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + +- ### Discrete math + - សូមមើលវីដេអូខាងក្រោម + +- ### Machine Learning + - ហេតុអ្វី ML? + - [Google ធ្វេីខ្លួនជាក្រុមហ៊ុន Machine Learning ](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + - [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + - [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification ដោយ Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + - [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + - [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + - [Tensorflow (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) + - [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + - វគ្គសិក្សា: + - [វគ្គចាប់ផ្តើមដ៏អស្ចារ្យ: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) + - [វីដេអូ](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) + - មេីលវីដេអូ 12-18 សំរាប់ linear algebra (14 និង 15 ដូចគ្នា) + - [Neural Networks for Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) + - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) + - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) + - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) + - [Metis Online Course ($99 សំរាប់ 2 ខែ)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) + - ធនធាន: + - សៀវភៅ: + - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) + - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) + - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) + - [Machine Learning សម្រាប់វិស្វករ Software](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) + - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ + +--- + +## Additional Detail on Some Subjects +## ពត៌មានលំអិតបន្ថែមលើមុខវិជ្ជាមួយចំនួន + + ខ្ញុំបានបន្ថែមគំនិតទាំងនេះដើម្បីពង្រឹងគំនិតមួយចំនួនដែលបានបង្ហាញខាងលើប៉ុន្តែខ្ញុំមិនចង់បញ្ចូលវាខាងលើព្រោះវាច្រើនពេក។ វាងាយស្រួលក្នុងការធ្វើឱ្យវាហួសប្រមាណលើប្រធានបទ។ + អ្នកចង់ទទួលបានការងារនៅសតវត្សនេះមែនទេ? + +- **SOLID** + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [ប្រភេទផ្សេងទៀត](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [ប្រភេទផ្សេងទៀត](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [ប្រភេទផ្សេងទៀត](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use + - [គោលការណ៍នៃ Interface Segregation ក្នុងរយៈពេល 5 នាទី (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [ប្រភេទផ្សេងទៀត](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. + - [ហេតុអ្វីបានជា The Dependency Inversion Principle និងហេតុអ្វីវាសំខាន់](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [ប្រភេទផ្សេងទៀត](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) + +- **Union-Find** + - [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) + +- **More Dynamic Programming** (វីដេអូ) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + - [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + - [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) + +- **Advanced Graph Processing** (វីដេអូ) + - [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) + +- MIT **Probability** ប្រូបាប (គណិតវិទ្យា បងៀនយឹតល្អ) (វីដេអូ): + - [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) + +- [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) + +- **String Matching** + - Rabin-Karp (វីដេអូ): + - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) + - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) + - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) + - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) + - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) + - Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): + - [TThe Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) + - Boyer–Moore string search algorithm + - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) + - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) + - [Coursera: Algorithms អំពី Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - ចាប់ផ្តើមល្អ ប៉ុន្តែដល់ពេលហួស KMP វាកាន់តែស្មុគស្មាញ + - ការពន្យល់ដ៏ល្អនៃការព្យាយាម + - អាចរំលងបាន + +- **Sorting** + + - Stanford lectures on sorting: + - [មេរៀនទី 15 | Programming Abstractions (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [មេរៀនទី 16 | Programming Abstractions (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - [Algorithms - Sorting - មេរៀនទី 2 (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [Algorithms - Sorting II - មេរៀនទី 3 (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - ការបង្រៀនរបស់ Steven Skiena អំពី sorting: + - [មេរៀនចាប់ផ្តេីមពី 26:46 (វីដេអូ)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [មេរៀនចាប់ផ្តេីមពី 27:40 (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [មេរៀនចាប់ផ្តេីមពី 35:00 (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [មេរៀនចាប់ផ្តេីមពី 23:50 (វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + +## Video Series +## ស៊េរីវីដេអូ + +រីករាយជាមួយវិដេអូរខាងក្រោម + +- [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + +- [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) + +- [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) + +- [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) + +- [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) + +- [Discrete Mathematics ដោយ Shai Simonson (19 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) + +- [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) + +- CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 វីដេអូ) + - [ការបង្រៀនរបស់ Skiena ពី Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) + +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) + +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + +- [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 វីដេអូ)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) + +- [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + +- ~~[UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~ + +- [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDSlqjcPpoL64CJdF0Qee5oWqGS6we_Yu) + +- [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) + +- [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) + +- [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) + +- [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) + +- [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + +- [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) + +- [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) + +- [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) + +- [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) + +- [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) + +- [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) + - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) + +- [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) + +- [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 វីដេអូ)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) + +## Computer Science Courses +## វគ្គសិក្សាវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រកុំព្យូទ័រ + +- [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) +- [Directory of CS Courses (ភាគច្រើនជាមួយការបង្រៀនតាមអ៊ិនធរណេត)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) + +## Papers +## អត្ថបទ + +- [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) +- [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) +- [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - ជំនួសដោយ Colossus ក្នុងឆ្នាំ 2012 +- [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - ជំនួសដោយ Cloud Dataflow? +- [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) + - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) +- [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) +- [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) + - អត្ថបទ Dynamo ចាប់ផ្តេីមអោយមាន NoSQL +- [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) +- [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) +- [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) +- [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) + - មិនមាន អត្ថបទ +- 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: + - [អត្ថបទ](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [វីដេអូ](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) +- 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: + - [អត្ថបទ](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [វីដេអូ](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) +- [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) +- [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +- [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +- [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) +- [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +- [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) + + +## LICENSE +## សាលាកប័រត + +[CC-BY-SA-4.0](./LICENSE.txt) diff --git a/translations/README-ko.md b/translations/README-ko.md index bc8447d..cc0976a 100644 --- a/translations/README-ko.md +++ b/translations/README-ko.md @@ -1,490 +1,482 @@ -# 코딩 인터뷰 대학(Coding Interview University) +# 코딩 면접 대학(Coding Interview University) -> 나는 원래 이것을 소프트웨어 엔지니어가 되기 위한 짧은 연구 목록으로 만들었다. -> 그러나 지금 당신이 볼수 있듯이 이 목록은 매우 커졌다. 이 목록을 숙지 한 후, -> [나는 아마존에 소프트웨어 엔지니어로 채용됐다](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! -> 당신은 아마 내가 한 것처럼 많이 공부할 필요는 없을 것이다. 어쨌든 당신이 필요로 하는 모든 것은 여기에 있다. +> 이 글은 원래 제가 소프트웨어 엔지니어가 되기 위해 정리한 짧은 주제들이었습니다. +> 그러나 지금은 보다시피 주제들이 굉장히 많아졌습니다. 아래 내용을 모두 습득한 후, +> [저는 아마존에 소프트웨어 엔지니어로 채용되었습니다](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! +> 여러분은 아마 아래 글들을 모두 다 공부할 없을 겁니다. 아무튼 여러분에게 필요한 모든 것은 여기에 있습니다. > -> 여기에 나열된 목록들은 아마존, 페이스북, 구글, 마이크로소프트 같은 거대 기업을 포함한 거의 모든 소프트웨어 회사의 인터뷰를 준비하는데에 도움이 될것이다. -> +> 몇 달 동안 저는 하루에 8-12시간 정도 공부했습니다. 다음 글에는 제 이야기를 적어놓았습니다. [Google 면접을 위해 8개월 동안 풀 타임으로 공부한 이유](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) > -> *행운을 빈다!* - +> **반드시 읽어주세요:** 다시 한번 말하지만, 여러분은 여기에 있는 글들을 모두 알 필요는 없습니다. 저는 제가 알지 않아도 될 것에 많은 시간을 뺏겼습니다. 여러분의 귀중한 시간을 잃지 않게 해당 파트에 더 자세하게 적어놓겠습니다. +> +>여기에 정리된 글들은 아마존, 페이스북, 구글, 마이크로소프트 같은 거대 기업을 포함한 거의 모든 소프트웨어 회사의 면접을 준비하는 데에 도움이 될 것입니다. +> +> +> *행운을 빕니다!*
-번역: +완료된 번역: -- [베트남어](translations/README-vi.md) -- [브라질 포르투갈어](translations/README-ptbr.md) -- [스페인어](translations/README-es.md) - [중국어](translations/README-cn.md) +- [베트남어](translations/README-vi.md) +- [스페인어](translations/README-es.md) +- [브라질 포르투갈어](translations/README-ptbr.md) +- [폴란드어](translations/README-pl.md) +- [타이완어](translations/README-tw.md) +- [일본어](translations/README-ja.md) +- [러시아어](translations/README-ru.md) +- [독일어](translations/README-de.md) +- [인도네시아어](translations/README-id.md) +- [크메르어](translations/README-kh.md) +- [우즈베크어](translations/README-uz.md) +
진행 중인 번역: -- [그리스어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) -- [러시아어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) -- [말라얄람어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) -- [바하사 인도네시아어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) -- [아랍어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) -- [우르두어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) -- [우크라이나어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) -- [이탈리아어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) -- [일본어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/257) -- [태국어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) -- [터키어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) -- [텔루구어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) -- [폴란드어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/122) -- [프랑스어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) -- [한국어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) -- [히브리어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) - [힌디어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +- [히브리어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) +- [아랍어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) +- [터키어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) +- [프랑스어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) +- [러시아어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) +- [우크라이나어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [한국어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) +- [텔루구어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) +- [우르두어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) +- [태국어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +- [그리스어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) +- [이탈리아어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) +- [말라얄람어](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) +
-## 코딩 인터뷰 대학이란? +
+
+

+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

+

+ Special thanks to: +

+

+ +

+ Simplify +
+
+

+ Applying to jobs? Autofill all your applications in 1-click. +

+
+
+ Stop manually re-entering your information. Simplify’s extension helps you autofill jobs & internship applications on millions of sites. +
+ +

+
+

+ +

+ OSS Capital +
+
+ Founded in 2018, OSS Capital is the first and only venture capital platform focused
exclusively on supporting early-stage COSS (commercial open source) startup founders. +
+ +

+
+

+ +

+ Gitpod +
+
+

+ Dev environments built for the cloud +

+
+
+ Natively integrated with GitLab, GitHub, and Bitbucket, Gitpod automatically and continuously prebuilds dev environments for all your branches. As a result team members can instantly start coding with fresh dev environments for each new task - no matter if you are building a new feature, want to fix a bug, or work on a code review. +
+ +

+
+
-코딩 인터뷰 대학은 (컴퓨터공학 학위 없이 독학한) 웹 개발자에서 큰 회사의 소프트웨어 엔지니어가 되기 위한 나의 몇 달간의 공부 계획이다. +## 이건 대체 뭐하는 건가요? -![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) +![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) -이 글은 **신입 소프트웨어 엔지니어** 혹은 소프트웨어/웹 개발에서 (컴퓨터과학 지식이 필요한) 소프트웨어 엔지니어링으로 전환자고자 하는 사람들을 위한 글입니다. 만약 당신이 여러 해의 소프트웨어 엔지니어링 경력이 있다면, 더 어려운 인터뷰가 예상된다. +이 글은 저의 대기업의 소프트웨어 엔지니어가 되기 위한 여러 달에 걸친 공부계획을 적어놓은 것입니다. -만약 당신이 여러 해의 소프트웨어/웹 개발 경험을 가지고 있다면, 구글과 아마존, 페이스북 그리고 마이크로소프트과 같은 큰 규모의 소프트웨어 회사들은 소프트웨어 엔지니어링을 소프트웨어/웹 개발과 다르게 바라보고 있으며 컴퓨터과학 지식을 요구한다는 사실에 주목하도록 하자. +**필요한 것:** +* 조금이라도 코딩을 해본 경험 (변수, 반복문, 메서드/함수 등등) +* 인내심 +* 시간 -믿음직한 엔지니어 혹은 시스템 엔지니어가 되고 싶다면, 선택적인 주제 목록(네트워크, 보안 등)을 더 공부하도록 하자. +주의) 이 글은 **소프트웨어 엔지니어**가 되기 위한 계획이지 웹 개발을 배우기 위한 것이 아닙니다.구글, 아마존, 페이스북 그리고 마이크로소프트 같은 대기업은 소프트웨어 엔지니어링이랑 웹 개발을 서로 다른 것으로 봅니다. 예를 들어, 아마존에는 프론트엔드 엔지니어와 소프트웨어 개발 엔지니어가 있습니다. 이 두 역할은 서로 나뉘어져있으므로 면접 역시 같게 보진 않을 것이고, 갖추어야할 역량 역시 다릅니다. 위의 회사들은 소프트웨어 개발자/엔지니어 역할에 좀 더 전문적인 컴퓨터 과학 지식을 요구합니다. --- ## 목차 -- [코딩 인터뷰 대학이란?](#코딩-인터뷰-대학이란) -- [이걸 왜 써야하죠?](#이걸-왜-써야하죠) -- [어떻게 쓰면 되나요?](#어떻게-쓰면-되나요) -- [당신은 충분히 똑똑합니다](#당신은-충분히-똑똑합니다) +### 공부 계획 + +- [이건 대체 뭐하는 건가요?](#이건-대체-뭐하는-건가요) +- [이걸 왜 해야하죠?](#이걸-왜-해야하죠) +- [어떻게 하면 되나요?](#어떻게-하면-되나요) +- [머리가 나쁘다고 자책하지 마세요](#-머리가-나쁘다고-자책하지-마세요) - [영상 자료에 관하여](#영상-자료에-관하여) -- [인터뷰 과정 & 전반적인 인터뷰 준비 과정](#인터뷰-과정--전반적인-인터뷰-준비-과정) -- [인터뷰를 위한 언어 고르기](#인터뷰를-위한-언어-고르기) -- [도서 목록](#도서-목록) -- [시작하기 전에](#시작하기-전에) +- [프로그래밍 언어 선택하기](#프로그래밍-언어-선택하기) +- [자료구조와 알고리즘에 대한 도서](#자료구조와-알고리즘에-대한-도서) +- [면접 준비 관련 도서](#면접-준비-관련-도서) +- [저와 같은 실수는 하지마세요](#저와-같은-실수는-하지마세요) - [다루지 않을 것](#다루지-않을-것) -- [먼저 알아야 할 지식](#먼저-알아야-할-지식) -- [하루 하루의 계획](#하루-하루의-계획) +- [하루하루의 계획](#하루하루의-계획) +- [코딩 질문 연습하기](#코딩-질문-연습하기) +- [코딩 문제들](#코딩-문제들) + +### 공부 주제 + - [알고리즘 복잡도 / Big-O / 점근적 분석](#알고리즘-복잡도--big-o--점근적-분석) - [자료구조](#자료구조) - - [배열](#배열) - - [링크드 리스트](#링크드-리스트) - - [스택](#스택) - - [큐](#큐) - - [해시 테이블](#해시-테이블) + - [배열](#배열) + - [링크드 리스트](#링크드-리스트) + - [스택](#스택) + - [큐](#큐) + - [해시 테이블](#해시-테이블) - [추가 지식](#추가-지식) - - [이진 탐색/이진 검색](#binary-search) - - [비트 연산](#bitwise-operations) + - [이진 탐색/이진 검색](#binary-search) + - [비트 연산](#bitwise-operations) - [트리](#트리) - - [트리 - 배경지식](#trees---notes--background) - - [이진 탐색 트리(BST)](#binary-search-trees-bsts) - - [힙 / 우선순위 큐 / 이진 힙](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) - - 균형 탐색 트리 (간단한 개념) - - 트리 순회: 전위 순회, 중위 순회, 후위 순회, 너비 우선 탐색(BFS), 깊이 우선 탐색(DFS) + - [트리 - 배경지식](#trees---notes--background) + - [이진 탐색 트리(BST)](#binary-search-trees-bsts) + - [힙 / 우선순위 큐 / 이진 힙](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) + - 균형 탐색 트리 (간단한 개념) + - 트리 순회: 전위 순회, 중위 순회, 후위 순회, 너비 우선 탐색(BFS), 깊이 우선 탐색(DFS) - [정렬](#정렬) - - 선택 정렬 - - 삽입 정렬 - - 힙 정렬 - - 퀵 정렬 - - 병합 정렬 + - 선택 정렬 + - 삽입 정렬 + - 힙 정렬 + - 퀵 정렬 + - 병합 정렬 - [그래프](#그래프) - - 방향 그래프 - - 무방향 그래프 - - 인접 행렬 - - 인접 리스트 - - 그래프 순회: 너비 우선 탐색(BFS), 깊이 우선 탐색(DFS) + - 방향 그래프 + - 무방향 그래프 + - 인접 행렬 + - 인접 리스트 + - 그래프 순회: 너비 우선 탐색(BFS), 깊이 우선 탐색(DFS) - [더 많은 지식](#even-more-knowledge) - - [재귀](#recursion) - - [동적 프로그래밍](#dynamic-programming) - - [객체 지향 프로그래밍](#object-oriented-programming) - - [디자인 패턴](#design-patterns) - - [조합 & 확률](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) - - [NP와 NP-완전, 그리고 근사 알고리즘](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) - - [캐시](#caches) - - [프로세스와 쓰레드](#processes-and-threads) - - [논문](#papers) - - [테스트](#테스트) - - [스케줄링](#scheduling) - - [시스템 루틴의 구현](#implement-system-routines) - - [문자열 검색 & 조작](#string-searching--manipulations) - - [트라이](#tries) - - [부동 소수점](#floating-point-numbers) - - [유니코드](#unicode) - - [엔디언(Endianness)](#endianness) -- [네트워크](#networking) -- [시스템 디자인, 확장성, 데이터 핸들링](#시스템-디자인-확장성-데이터-핸들링) (4년 이상 경력자를 위한 주제) + - [재귀](#recursion) + - [동적 프로그래밍](#dynamic-programming) + - [객체 지향 프로그래밍](#object-oriented-programming) + - [디자인 패턴](#design-patterns) + - [조합 & 확률](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) + - [NP와 NP-완전, 그리고 근사 알고리즘](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) + - [캐시](#caches) + - [프로세스와 쓰레드](#processes-and-threads) + - [테스트](#테스트) + - [스케줄링](#scheduling) + - [시스템 루틴의 구현](#implement-system-routines) + - [문자열 검색 & 조작](#string-searching--manipulations) + - [트라이](#tries) + - [부동 소수점](#floating-point-numbers) + - [유니코드](#unicode) + - [엔디언(Endianness)](#endianness) + - [네트워크](#networking) - [최종 검토](#최종-검토) -- [코딩 문제 연습](#코딩-문제-연습) -- [코딩 연습/도전](#코딩-연습도전) -- [인터뷰가 얼마 남지 않았을 때](#인터뷰가-얼마-남지-않았을-때) + +### 직업 구하기 + +- [면접이 얼마 남지 않았을 때](#면접이-얼마-남지-않았을-때) - [이력서](#이력서) - [인터뷰가 다가오면 생각해보기](#인터뷰가-다가오면-생각해보기) - [면접관에게 받았던 질문들](#면접관에게-받았던-질문들) - [취직했다면](#취직했다면) ----------------- 여기부터는 선택사항입니다. ---------------- +**---------------- 이 아래로는 전부 선택사항입니다 ----------------** - [추가 도서](#additional-books) - [추가 주제](#additional-learning) - - [컴파일러](#compilers) - - [부동 소수점 수](#floating-point-numbers) - - [유니코드](#unicode) - - [엔디언](#endianness) - - [Emacs 와 vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) - - [유닉스 명령어 도구](#unix-command-line-tools) - - [정보 이론](#information-theory-videos) - - [패리티 & 해밍코드](#parity--hamming-code) - - [엔트로피](#entropy) - - [암호기법](#cryptography) - - [압축](#compression) - - [네트워크](#networking) (만약 당신이 네트워크에 대한 경험이 있거나 시스템 엔지이너가 되고 싶다면 받을 수 있는 질문들) - - [컴퓨터 보안](#computer-security) - - [가비지 콜렉션](#garbage-collection) - - [병렬 프로그래밍](#parallel-programming) - - [메세징, 직렬화, 그리고 큐잉 시스템](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems) - - [A* 알고리즘](#a) - - [고속 푸리에 변환(FFT)](#fast-fourier-transform) - - [블룸 필터](#bloom-filter) - - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) - - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) - - [van Emde Boas 트리](#van-emde-boas-trees) - - [Augmented Data Structures](#augmented-data-structures) - - [트라이(Tries)](#tries) - - [N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees](#n-ary-k-ary-m-ary-trees) - - [균형 탐색 트리](#balanced-search-trees) - - AVL 트리 - - Splay 트리 - - 레드블랙 트리(RBT) - - 2-3 탐색 트리 - - 2-3-4 트리(aka 2-4 트리) - - N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) 트리 - - B-트리 - - [k-D 트리](#k-d-trees) - - [스킵 리스트](#skip-lists) - - [네트워크 플로우(유량)](#network-flows) - - [분리집합 & 유니온 파인드(Disjoint Sets & Union Find)](#disjoint-sets--union-find) - - [빠른 프로세싱을 위한 수학](#math-for-fast-processing) - - [트립](#treap) - - [선형 계획법](#linear-programming) - - [기하학, 볼록 껍질](#geometry-convex-hull) - - [이산수학](#discrete-math) - - [기계학습](#machine-learning) + - [컴파일러](#compilers) + - [Emacs 와 vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) + - [유닉스 명령어 도구](#unix-command-line-tools) + - [정보 이론](#information-theory-videos) + - [패리티 & 해밍코드](#parity--hamming-code) + - [엔트로피](#entropy) + - [암호기법](#cryptography) + - [압축](#compression) + - [컴퓨터 보안](#computer-security) + - [가비지 콜렉션](#garbage-collection) + - [병렬 프로그래밍](#parallel-programming) + - [메세징, 직렬화, 그리고 큐잉 시스템](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems) + - [A* 알고리즘](#a) + - [고속 푸리에 변환(FFT)](#fast-fourier-transform) + - [블룸 필터](#bloom-filter) + - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) + - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) + - [van Emde Boas 트리](#van-emde-boas-trees) + - [Augmented Data Structures](#augmented-data-structures) + - [균형 탐색 트리](#balanced-search-trees) + - AVL 트리 + - Splay 트리 + - 레드블랙 트리(RBT) + - 2-3 탐색 트리 + - 2-3-4 트리(aka 2-4 트리) + - N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) 트리 + - B-트리 + - [k-D 트리](#k-d-trees) + - [스킵 리스트](#skip-lists) + - [네트워크 플로우(유량)](#network-flows) + - [분리집합 & 유니온 파인드(Disjoint Sets & Union Find)](#disjoint-sets--union-find) + - [빠른 프로세싱을 위한 수학](#math-for-fast-processing) + - [트립](#treap) + - [선형 계획법](#linear-programming) + - [기하학, 볼록 껍질](#geometry-convex-hull) + - [이산수학](#discrete-math) + - [기계학습](#machine-learning) - [몇몇 주제에 대한 세부사항](#몇몇-주제에-대한-세부사항) - [영상 자료](#video-series) - [컴퓨터 과학 강의들](#컴퓨터-과학-강의들) -- [라이센스](#라이센스) +- [논문들](#논문들) --- -## 이걸 왜 써야하죠? +## 이걸 왜 해야하죠? -내가 이 프로젝트를 시작했을 때, 나는 힙이나 스택, 시간복잡도, 트리, 그래프 순회 등에 대하여 전혀 아는 바가 없었다. -만약 내가 정렬 알고리즘을 코딩해야 했다면, 나는 그리 잘하지 못했을 것이다. -모든 사용했던 모든 자료 구조는 언어 안에서 구현되어 있던 것들이고, 나는 그것들이 보이지 않는 곳에서 어떻게 작동하고 있는지 몰랐다. -나는 실행 중인 프로세스가 메모리 초과 에러를 메시지를 보내지 않는 한 메모리를 관리할 필요가 없었고, 나는 해결책을 찾아야만 했다. -나는 몇몇 다차원 배열이나 연관 배열을 사용해왔지만, 자료구조를 처음부터 구현해본 적은 없었다. +대기업에서 소프트웨어 엔지니어로 일하기 위해서는 알아야 할 것들이 많습니다. -하지만 이 공부 계획을 진행하면서 나는 내가 고용될 것이라는 자신감을 갖게 되었다. 이 것은 내게 여러 달이 필요한 긴 계획이다. -만약 당신이 이 중 많은 내용에 익숙하다면 시간은 훨씬 덜 들 것이다. +만약 여러분이 저처럼 컴퓨터 관련 전공이 아니라면 이 과정은 전공자들을 따라잡으면서도 4년이라는 시간을 절약하게 해줍니다. -## 어떻게 사용하면 되나요? +제가 이 프로젝트를 시작했을 때, 저는 힙이나 스택, 시간 복잡도, 트리, 그래프 순회 등에 대하여 전혀 아는 바가 없었습니다. 만약 그 때의 제가 정렬 알고리즘을 직접 코딩해야 할 일이 있었다면, 아마 제 코드는 끔찍한 상태였을 겁니다. +제가 사용했던 모든 자료 구조는 이미 언어 안에서 구현되어 있던 것들이고, 저는 그것들이 보이지 않는 곳에서 어떻게 작동하고 있는지 몰랐습니다. 실행 중인 프로세스가 메모리 초과 에러를 메시지를 보내지 않는 이상 메모리를 관리할 필요조차 없었고, 에러가 발생하면 그제야 해결책을 찾곤 했습니다. 또한 저는 몇몇 다차원 배열이나 연관 배열을 사용한 적은 있지만, 자료구조를 완전 밑바닥부터 구현해 본 적은 없었습니다. -
-How to use it? +매우 긴 과정이고 몇 달이나 걸릴지 모릅니다. 그렇치만 여러분이 이런 분야에 익숙하다면 분명 훨씬 더 적은 시간이 걸릴 겁니다. -아래의 모든 것은 대략적인 개요이며 당신은 위에서 아래 순서대로 진행해야 한다. +## 어떻게 하면 되나요? -이 문서는 진행 상황을 확인하기 위한 목록 작성부터 다른 곳에도, Github식 마크다운 문법을 사용하고 있다. +아래에 있는 모든 것들은 대략적인 개요이며 여러분은 위에서 아래 순서대로 차근차근 진행해야 합니다. -**새 브랜치를 만들어서 중괄호에 x표를 넣는 식으로 항목을 체크하라: [x]** +이 글은 진행 상황 파악을 위해 목차를 만드는 등 Github 특유의 마크다운을 이용한 방식을 사용하고 있습니다. - 브랜치를 포크하고 아래의 명령을 따라라 +**새 브랜치를 만들어서 중괄호에 x를 추가하는 식으로 항목을 체크하세요: [x]** -`git checkout -b progress` + 브랜치를 포크(fork)하고 아래의 커맨드들을 입력하세요 -`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` +포크 버튼을 눌러 Github 레포지토리를 포크하세요. -`git fetch --all` +로컬 레포지토리에 클론(clone)하기: - 끝났으면 박스에 x로 체크하라 + git clone git@github.com:/coding-interview-university.git + git checkout -b progress + git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university + git fetch --all -`git add . ` +끝났으면 박스를 x로 체크하기: -`git commit -m "Marked x" ` - -`git rebase jwasham/master ` - -`git push --force ` + git add . + git commit -m "Marked x" + git rebase jwasham/main + git push --set-upstream origin progress + git push --force [Github식 마크다운에 대하여](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) -
+## 머리가 나쁘다고 자책하지 마세요 -## 당신은 충분히 똑똑합니다 -- 성공한 소프트웨어 엔지니어들은 똑똑합니다. 하지만 그들 조차도 자신들의 지적 능력면에 대해서 불안감을 갖기 일쑤입니다. +- 성공한 소프트웨어 엔지니어들은 똑똑합니다. 하지만 그들조차도 자신들의 지적 능력에 대해서 불안감을 갖기 일쑤입니다. - [천재 프로그래머에 대한 미신(迷信)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) - [위험한 홀로서기: 테크 산업의 보이지 않는 괴물들의 전쟁](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) -- [Believe you can change](http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/dweck) ## 영상 자료에 관하여 -몇몇 영상들은 Cousera, Edx, Lynda.com 클래스에 등록하여야만 시청이 가능합니다. 이것들은 MOOCs라고 불리는데요. -강의가 없는 경우에는 몇 달 동안 기다려야 할 수도 있습니다. Lynda.com 강좌들은 무료가 아닙니다. +몇몇 영상들은 Cousera, Edx에 등록을 해야만 접근할 수 있습니다. 이들을 MOOCs라고 부르기도 합니다. +가끔씩 강의가 진행중이지 않아서 몇 달 동안 기다려야 할 수도 있습니다. - 여러분이 YouTube 온라인 강의 동영상과 같이 무료이고 항상 접근 가능한 동영상 소스들을 추가해주면 정말 감사하겠습니다. - 저는 대학 강의 듣는 것을 좋아합니다. +YouTube 온라인 강의 동영상과 같이 무료이고 항상 접근 가능한 동영상 소스들을 추가해주신다면 많은 분이 온라인 강의가 다시 시작할 때까지 기다리지 않고 언제나 공부할 수 있게 될 테니 정말 감사하겠습니다. -## 인터뷰 과정 & 전반적인 인터뷰 준비 과정 +## 프로그래밍 언어 선택하기 -
-인터뷰 과정 & 전반적인 인터뷰 준비 과정 +여러분은 코딩 면접용 프로그래밍 언어도 선택해야하지만, 컴퓨터 과학을 배우기 위한 프로그래밍 언어 역시 선택해야합니다. -- [ ] [ABC: 항상 코딩 하라](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) -- [ ] [화이트 보드 쓰기](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) -- [ ] [코딩 인터뷰에서 화이트 보드 효율적으로 쓰기](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) -- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) -- [ ] 코딩 인터뷰 정복 Set 1: - - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - 코딩 인터뷰 정복 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) - - [ ] [저자와 함께하는 코딩 인터뷰 정복 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) -- [ ] Big 4에 취업하는 방법: - - [ ] ['Big 4에 취업하는 방법 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft' (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) +왠만하면 둘 다에 해당하는 언어를 골라서 일단 하나에 숙달되도록 하는 것을 추천합니다. -- [ ] 준비 코스: - - [ ] [소프트웨어 엔지니어 인터뷰 대공개 (유료 강좌)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): - - 전직 구글 면접관이 당신이 어떻게 소프트웨어 엔지니어 인터뷰를 준비해야 하는지 알려줍니다. - - [ ] [자료 구조, 알고리즘 그리고 면접을 위한 파이썬! (유료 강좌)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): - - 자료 구조와 알고리즘, 모의 면접 등을 다루는 파이썬 중점 면접의 준비 강좌입니다. +### 이 공부 계획을 위해서 -
+제가 공부할 때에는 C와 Python이란 2가지의 언어를 주로 썼습니다. -## 인터뷰를 위한 언어 고르기 +* C: 굉장히 저급 언어입니다. 포인터와 메모리 할당 및 해제를 직접 다루어서 데이터 구조와 알고리즘을 뼈 속 깊이 새겨둘 수 있게 됩니다. Python이나 Java와 같은 고급 언어들은 이런 걸 알아서 처리하기 때문에 가려져 있습니다. 이는 일상 업무를 할 때에는 아주 훌륭하지만 만약 저급 수준 데이터 구조가 어떻게 짜여져있는지 자체를 배우는 중이라면 c 언어를 사용해 기계와 가까워 지는 것이 더 좋습니다. + - C 언어는 어디에나 있습니다. 여러분은 공부하는 내내 이 사실을 깨닫게 될겁니다. + - [The C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - 이 책은 짧은 책이지만 여러분이 C 언어를 잘 다루게 만들어주고, 만약 조금씩 연습해본다면 더 빠르게 발전할 겁니다. C 언어를 이해하면 프로그램이 어떻게 돌아가고 메모리가 어떻게 작동하는지 이해하는데 도움을 줍니다. + - 여러분은 이 책을 깊게 파고들 필요는 없습니다(심지어 다 안 읽으셔도 됩니다). 그저 여러분이 C 언어를 읽고 쓰는 데에 익숙해질 정도면 됩니다. + - [이 책의 문제에 대한 정답들](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) -인터뷰때에 당신이 쓰기에 편한 언어를 선택해도 되지만, 큰 기업들은 보통 아래의 언어들을 선택합니다. +* Python: 현대적이고 굉장히 많은 것들을 할 수 있습니다. 저는 그냥 완전 유용하고 면접 때 써야할 코드를 줄여주기도 해서 배웠습니다. + +이건 물론 제 취향일 뿐이고 여러분은 원하시는 걸 하시면 됩니다. + +아마 필요없으실 수도 있지만, 새 언어를 배우기 위한 여러 사이트 주소들입니다. +- [Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks) +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) +- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) +- [Codeforces](https://codeforces.com/) + +### 면접을 위해서 + +면접에서는 여러분이 쓰기에 편한 언어를 사용해도 되지만, 대기업들은 보통 다음과 같은 정해진 언어들을 사용합니다: - C++ - Java - Python -아래 언어들을 사용할 수 있지만 주의하여야 합니다. +아래 언어들을 사용할 수도 있지만 제대로 확인하셔야합니다. 주의사항이 있을 수도 있습니다: - JavaScript - Ruby -당신은 당신의 언어에 매우 익숙하고 그 언어에 대해 잘 알아야 합니다. +코딩 면접를 위한 언어를 선택하는 것과 관련하여 제가 쓴 글입니다: [코딩 면접을 위한 언어 선택하기](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/) +이 글은 제가 기반으로 사용한 원본 글입니다: http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ -언어 선택을 도움이 될 만한 읽을 거리들 -- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ -- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ +여러분은 여러분이 선택한 언어에 대해 매우 익숙하고 잘 알아야 합니다. + +언어 선택에 도움이 될 만한 읽을 거리들 +- [코딩 면접을 위해 맞는 언어 고르기](http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/) [프로그래밍 언어 참고목록](programming-language-resources.md) -제가 공부하고 있는 C, C++, Python 강의를 아래서 볼 수 있습니다. 아래를 보시면 관련된 책들이 몇 개 있습니다. +## 자료구조와 알고리즘에 대한 도서 -## 도서 목록 +이 책들은 여러분의 컴퓨터 과학에 대한 기반을 다져줄 책들입니다. -아래의 목록은 내가 공부했던 책들보다는 적다. 당신의 시간을 절약하기 위해 몇몇 책들은 생략하였다. +그냥 아무거나 하나 여러분이 편한 언어와 관련된 것으로 선택하세요. 엄청나게 많은 책 읽기와 코딩을 하게 될 겁니다. -### 인터뷰 준비를 위해서 +### C -- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) - - C++ 과 JAVA 문제의 답변을 위해서 - - Cracking the Coding Interview 책을 위한 좋은 사전학습용 책이기 때문에 - - 어렵지 않고, 당신이 인터뷰에서 마주할 대부분의 문제들 보다 쉽기 때문에 -- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - JAVA 문제의 답변을 위해서 - -
-만일 당신이 많은 여유 시간이 있다면: - -- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) - - 모든 코드가 C++로 되어있다, 만일 당신의 인터뷰에서 C++를 사용하길 고려한다면 정말 좋은 책이다. - - 일반적인 문제들을 해결하기 위해 좋은 책이다. -- [ ] Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version) - - [book](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) - - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) - -
- -### 컴퓨터 구조 - -- [ ] [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) - - 이 책은 2004년에 출판된 다소 구식의 책이지만, 간략히 컴퓨터를 이해하는 데에 훌륭한 자료입니다. - - 이 책의 저자는 HLA를 발명했습니다. 그래서 회의적인 시선으로 HLA에 대해 언급하고 예로 듭니다. 널리 읽히지는 않지만, 어셈블리가 어떻게 생겼는 지를 보여주는 좋은 예입니다. - - 이 장들은 당신에게 탄탄한 기초를 세워줄 것입니다: -
- ...... - - - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation - - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations - - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation - - Chapter 5 - Character Representation - - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access - - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects - - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture - - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture - - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization - -
- -
-만약에 시간적 여유가 좀 더 있다면 아래 서적을 읽어보는 것을 권유합니다. - -- [ ] [Computer Architecture, Fifth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/012383872X/) - - For a richer, more up-to-date (2011), but longer treatment - -
- -### 특정 언어 관련 - -**인터뷰를 위해 당신의 언어를 선택하여야 합니다 (윗글 참조)** 아래는 제가 추천하는 언어들입니다. 이 언어들중에 부연설명이나 부가 자료들이 있다면 나눠 주세요. - -이 중 하나를 읽으려면 코딩 문제 푸는 데 필요한 데이터 구조 및 알고리즘 지식이 있어야합니다. - -검토(review)를 좋아하지 않는다면, **이 프로젝트의 모든 영상은 생략해도 됩니다.** - -[Additional language-specific resources here.](programming-language-resources.md) - -### C++ - -
-C++ - -나는 아래의 두 책들을 읽지 않았습니다. 하지만 Sedgewick이 높게 평가한 책들입니다. 그는 정말 대단한 사람입니다. - -- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) -- [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) - -C++에 대한 더 나은 추천 책이 있다면 알려주십시오. 포괄적인 자료를 찾고 있습니다. - -
- -### Java - -
-Java - -- [ ] [Algorithms (Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) - - videos with book content (and Sedgewick!) on coursera: - - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) - -또는: - -- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) - - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - UC버클리 대학의 CS입문 과정의 선택 텍스트로 사용됨 - - 아래에서 Python 버전에 대한 나의 책 보고서를 참조하십시오. 이 책은 동일한 주제를 다루고 있습니다. - -
+- [Algorithms in C, Parts 1-5 (Bundle), 3rd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-5-Bundle-Fundamentals/dp/0201756080) + - 기본적인 것들, 데이터 구조들, 정렬, 탐색, 그리고 그래프와 관련된 알고리즘 등이 들어있습니다. ### Python -
-Python +- [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - 저는 이 책이 좋습니다. Python에 대한 모든 것과 부가적인 것을 다룹니다. + - Python적인 코드 + - 저의 열렬한 서적 보고서: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ -- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) - - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - 나는 이 책을 사랑한다. 이 책은 모든 것을 다룬다. - - Pythonic code - - 나의 열렬한 서적 보고서: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ +### Java -
+여러분이 선택하세요: -### 선택 도서 +- Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) +- Sedgewick and Wayne: + - [Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - 책의 내용을 가르쳐주는 무료 Cousera 강의 (저자가 가르쳐줍니다!): + - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) -**어떤 사람들은 이 책들을 추천한다. 하지만 만약 당신이 소프트웨어 엔지니어링 분야에 오랜 경험이 있고, 그로 인해 훨씬 더 어려운 인터뷰를 볼 것이라 생각하지 않는다면, 나는 이 책들을 공부하는 것이 너무 과하다고 생각한다:** -
-Optional Books +### C++ -- [ ] [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) - - As a review and problem recognition - - 알고리즘 카탈로그 부분은 면접에서 다루는 난이도의 범주를 훨씬 넘깁니다. - - 이 책은 2개의 파트가 있습니다: - - class textbook on data structures and algorithms - - 장점: - - is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be - - 산학과 연구에서 문제들을 해결한 그의 경험을 이야기하는 것이 좋음 - - 예제 코드가 C언어 - - 단점: - - CLRS처럼 너무 함축되어 있어서 헤아리기 힘들 수 있다. 그래서 어떤 주제는 CLRS를 읽는 게 더 나을 수도 있다. - - 7, 8, 9장은 따라가기 힘들 수 있다. 어떤 항목들은 설명이 잘 안되어있거나 더 많은 배경 지식이 필요하기 때문이다. - - (오해하지 마세요) 전 Skiena씨와 그 분의 교육 스타일과 매너리즘은 좋아합니다만, 스토니브룩 대학의 자료는 그렇지 않더군요. - - 알고리즘 카탈로그: - - 이게 이 책을 사는 진짜 이유 - - about to get to this part. Will update here once I've made my way through it. - - 아마존 킨들에서 도서 대여 가능 - - Answers: - - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) - - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) - - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +여러분이 선택하세요: -- [ ] [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) - - **중요:** 이 책을 읽으면 특별한 가치를 얻을 수 있습니다. 이 책은 알고리즘과 자료구조를 훌륭하게 살피고 있지만, 좋은 코드를 작성하는 법을 알려주지는 않습니다. 괜찮은 솔루션을 코드로 효율적으로 옮겨적을 줄 알아야합니다. - - CLR 또는 CLRS로 알려져있습니다. (역: 저자들 이름의 첫글자를 따서 CLRS라고 불리지만, 초판에는 Stein이 없었습니다.) +- Goodrich, Tamassia, and Mount + - [Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, 2nd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/0470383275) +- Sedgewick and Wayne + - [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) + - [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/). -- [ ] [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) - - 처음 두 장은 (데이터 테이프를 사용한 아주 오래된) 문제를 프로그래밍하는 기발한 솔루션을 보여줍니다. 하지만, - that is just an intro. This a guidebook on program design and architecture, much like Code Complete, but much shorter. -- ~~"Algorithms and Programming: Problems and Solutions" by Shen~~ - - 좋은 책. 하지만 몇 페이지 넘기면서 문제를 해결한 후에 파스칼, do while 반복문, 1-indexed 배열, unclear post-condition satisfaction results를 보고 좌절했다. - - 다른 책이나 온라인 코딩 문제에 있는 코딩 문제를 보는 게 나을 것 같다. +## 면접 준비 관련 도서 -
+여러분은 이 책 뭉터기들을 다 살 필요는 없습니다. 솔직하게 말해서 "Cracking the Coding Interview"라는 책 하나면 충분합니다. 하지만 저는 더 준비해보기 위해 많이 사보았습니다. 결국 항상 너무 과했지만 말이죠. -## 시작하기 전에 +저는 이 책을 둘 다 샀습니다. 굉장히 많은 걸 준비하게 해주었습니다. -이 문서는 몇 달간 계속 업데이트 되고 있으며, 그런 이유로, 내가 감당할 수 없어지기 시작한 듯하다. +- [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) + - C++와 Java로 답변되어 있습니다. + - Cracking the Coding Interview 책을 위한 좋은 사전학습용 책입니다. + - 너무 어렵지 않습니다. 대부분의 문제가 여러분이 직접 겪게될 면접 문제보다 쉬울지도 모릅니다(제가 읽기로는) +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - JAVA로 답변되어 있습니다. -내가 저지른 몇 가지 실수들을 소개한다. 이를 통해 당신은 이 과정을 좀 더 효과적으로 진행할 수 있기를 바란다. +### 만일 당신이 시간이 넘쳐난다면 -### 1. 당신은 이것을 다 기억하지 못할 것이다. +하나를 선택하세요: -나는 수 시간의 비디오를 보고 방대한 양의 노트를 작성했지만, 몇 달 뒤에는 대부분의 내용을 기억하지 못했다. 나는 3일 동안 내가 작성한 노트를 보고 flashcard를 만들면서 내용들을 다시 검토해야 했다. +- [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) -꼭 읽고 내가 한 실수들을 반복하지 않길 바란다. +## 저와 같은 실수는 하지마세요 + +이 문서는 많은 달에 걸쳐서 추가되고 있고, 맞습니다, 이미 제 손을 떠났습니다. + +여기에 제가 저지른 몇 가지 실수들을 적어놓았으니 여러분은 참고하시고 더 나은 방향으로 나아가시길 바랍니다. 물론 몇 달의 시간도 절약하실 겁니다. + +### 1. 당신은 이것을 다 기억하지 못할 것이다 + +저는 수 시간의 비디오를 보고 방대한 양의 노트를 작성했지만, 몇 달 뒤에는 대부분의 내용을 기억하지 못했습니다. 저는 3일에 걸쳐 제가 작성한 노트를 보고 flashcard를 제작해서 복습할 수 있게 만들었습니다. 그 많은 지식들까지는 사실 필요 없었습니다. + +꼭 읽고 제가 한 실수들을 반복하지 않길 바랍니다: [Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) -### 2. Flashcard를 사용하자. +### 2. 요약집(Flashcard)을 만들자 -이 문제를 해결하기 위해 나는 2가지 종류(일반적인 내용, 코드)의 flashcard를 보관하고 추가할 수 있는 작은 사이트를 만들었다. -각 카드는 다른 서식을 가지고 있다. +이 문제를 해결하기 위해 2가지 종류(일반적인 내용, 코드)의 요약집을 보관하고 추가할 수 있는 조그만 사이트를 만들었습니다. +각 정리본은 다른 형식을 가지고 있습니다. 저는 모바일 우선인 웹사이트를 만들어서 제 휴대폰이나 태블릿 등 어디서나 볼 수 있게 했습니다. -이 사이트는 모바일에 최적화 되어있기 때문에 내 전화기나 태블릿 어디에서든 이를 확인할 수 있다. - -당신만의 카드를 무료로 만들어보자: +여러분만의 요약집을 무료로 만들어봅시다: - [Flashcard 사이트 repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [내 flashcard 데이터베이스 (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): -- [내 flashcard 데이터베이스 (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): -앞에서도 언급했듯이 나는 불필요하게 많은 것을 공부하려고 했고, 내 카드의 내용들은 어셈블리 언어와 Python의 자잘한 지식들부터 기계 학습과 통계학까지 넘나들게 되었다. 결국 기업이 요구하는 것보다 훨씬 멀리 가버리고 말았다. +**제 요약집을 그대로 사용하시는 건 추천하지 않습니다.** 거기엔 너무 많은 것들이 있고 대부분은 여러분이 필요하지 않은 것들뿐입니다. -**flashcard에 대한 참고사항:** 답을 할 수 있더라도 처음부터 안다고 표시하지 말자. 정확히 알기 전까지는 같은 카드를 보고 여러 번 답변할 수 있어야한다. -반복 학습을 통해 해당 지식은 당신의 뇌에 깊이 각인될 것이다. +하지만 제 말을 듣고 싶지 않은 청개구리 같은 분들을 위해, 주소는 남겨두겠습니다: +- [내 flashcard 데이터베이스 (1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [내 flashcard 데이터베이스 (확장판 - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): -나의 flashcard site를 사용하는 대신 [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/)를 사용해도 된다. 나는 이 것을 여러 번 추천받았다. 이것은 당신이 기억하는 것을 돕기 위해 반복적인 시스템을 사용한다. +앞에서도 언급했듯이 저는 불필요하게 많은 것을 공부하려고 했고, 카드의 내용들은 어셈블리 언어와 Python의 자잘한 지식들부터 기계 학습과 통계학까지 넘나들게 되었습니다. 이건 필요한 것에서 엇나가도 너무 엇나간 겁니다. -이것은 사용자 친화적이며, 모든 플랫폼에서 사용가능하다. 또한 클라우드 동기화 시스템을 제공한다. 이것은 iOS에서는 $25이지만 다른 플랫폼에서는 무료로 사용 가능하다. +**flashcard에 대한 참고사항:** 한 번 답을 맞췄다고 해서 안다고 표시하지 맙시다. 정확히 알기 전까지는 같은 카드를 보고 여러 번 맞추어 보아야합니다. +반복 학습은 그 지식을 뇌에 깊이 각인시켜 줄 겁니다. -Anki format의 내 flashcard 데이터베이스: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) +제 사이트를 사용하는 대신 [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/)를 사용해도 됩니다. 여러 번 추천받았던 사이트입니다. 이 사이트는 반복 시스템을 통해 여러분의 기억을 돕습니다. 사용자 친화적이며, 모든 플랫폼에서 사용 가능합니다. 또한 클라우드 동기화 시스템을 제공합니다. iOS에서는 2만 5천 원이지만 다른 플랫폼에서는 무료입니다. -### 3. 검토, 검토, 검토 +Anki 형식의 내 요약집 데이터베이스: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 ([@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)에게 감사의 말을 전합니다). -나는 ASCII, OSI 구조, Big-O 표기법 등에 관한 일련의 치트시트를 만들어 놓고, 여유 시간이 날 때마다 공부한다. +어떤 분들이 공백과 관련된 포맷팅 문제가 있다고 언급하셨는데 다음 방법으로 해결할 수 있습니다: open deck, edit card, click cards, select the "styling" radio button, add the member "white-space: pre;" to the card class. -30분 동안 프로그래밍 문제를 해결하고, flashcard를 살펴보자. +### 3. 배우는 동안에 코딩 면접 질문들을 보기 -### 4. 집중 +굉장히 중요합니다! -주의를 산만하게 만드는 많은 것이 있으며, 이것들은 우리의 귀중한 시간을 뺏어간다. 주의를 집중하는 것은 힘든 일이다. +코딩 면접 질문들을 여러분이 데이터 구조와 알고리즘을 배우는 동안에 봐두세요. + +한 주제를 공부하고 충분히 익숙해졌다고 느낀다면(예를 들어 그것이 **연결 리스트**라면): +1. [코딩 면접 책들](#면접-준비-관련-도서)이나 더 밑에서 다룰 코딩 문제 사이트들을 준비합니다. +1. 연결 리스트에 관한 문제를 두세 문제 풀어봅니다. +1. 다음 배울 주제로 넘어갑니다. +1. 나중에, 다시 돌아와서 또 다른 두세 문제를 연결 리스트와 관련해서 풀어봅니다. +1. 이를 새 내용을 배울 때마다 반복합니다. + +**반드시 여러분이 배우는 동안에 문제를 푸세요, 다 배우고 나서가 아니라.** + +여러분은 지식 자체가 필요해서 고용되는 것이 아니라 그 지식을 활용하기 위해서 고용되는 것입니다. + +이를 위한 엄청나게 많은 자료들이 아래에 있습니다. 계속 합시다. + +### 4. 집중하기 + +주의를 산만하게 만드는 많은 것들이 우리의 귀중한 시간을 뺏어갑니다. 주의를 집중하는 일은 물론 힘듭니다. 가사 없는 음악을 듣다보면 좀 더 쉽게 집중하실 수 있습니다. ## 다루지 않을 것 @@ -494,69 +486,88 @@ Anki format의 내 flashcard 데이터베이스: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info - Javascript - HTML, CSS, 그리고 다른 프론트엔드 기술들 -## 하루 하루의 계획 +## 하루하루의 계획 -어떤 주제들은 하루가 걸리고, 어떤 것들은 며칠이 걸릴 것이다. -또 어떤것은 구현할 것들이 없이 그냥 배우는 것들이다. +이 과정에는 엄청나게 많은 주제가 있습니다. 어떤 주제들은 며칠이 걸리거나 심지어 아마 일주일이나 그 이상이 걸릴지도 모릅니다. 여러분의 일정에 달려있습니다. -아래 리스트에 있는 것에서 매일 하나의 주제를 택했고, 그 주제에 대한 강의를 보고, 구현을 했다: -- C - 인자를 가지는 구조체와 함수 사용 -- C++ - 빌트인 타입 사용하지 않음 -- C++ - 링크리스트를 위한 STL's std::list 같은 빌트인 타입 사용 -- Python - 빌트인 타입 사용 (파이선 연습을 계속 하려고) -- 제대로 하고 있는지 테스트를 했고 가끔은 간단한 assert() 사용 -- 당신은 아마 자바나 그 어떤 언어를 이용하겠지만 이것은 그냥 내 것들이다. +매일매일, 다음 주제로 넘어가면서, 주제에 관한 동영상들을 보고, 그리고 실제로 선택한 언어의 데이터 구조나 알고리즘을 구현하세요. -당신은 이것을 다 할 필요는 없다. 단지 [인터뷰를 위한 하나의 언어를 할 것.](#인터뷰를 위한 언어를 하나 골라 두어라). +여기서 제 코드들을 볼 수 있습니다: +- [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) +- [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) +- [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) -왜 이 모든것을 코딩해야 하는가? -- 나는 이것에 미칠때까지 연습하고 또 연습했고, 아무런 문제 없이 할 수 있게 되었다 (어떤 것들은 다양한 케이스가 있고 이것을 기억하기 위해 기록을 보관했다.) -- 있는 그대로의 제한 속에서 연습 (garbage collection의 도움없이 메모리 할당과 해지 (파이선 빼고)) -- 빌트인 타입을 사용하여 나는 빌트인 도구에 대한 경험이 있게 되었다. (내 프로젝트의 링크 리스트 구현은 쓰지 않을 예정) +모든 알고리즘을 외울 필요는 없습니다. 그저 그걸 이해하고 나만의 방식으로 구현할 수 있으면 됩니다. -모든 주제에 대한 모든 것을 할 수 없지만 나는 노력했다. +## 코딩 질문 연습하기 -나의 코드를 여기서 확인하세요: - - [C] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) - - [C++] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) - - [Python] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + 왜 이게 여기 있죠? 전 아직 면접볼 준비가 안되어 있는데요. -당신은 모든 알고리즘에 대해서 기억할 필요는 없다. +[그렇다면 이걸 다시 읽어보세요](#3-배우는-동안에-코딩-면접-질문들을-보기) -컴퓨터에 코딩하지 말고 와이트보드나 종이에 적어보아라. 인풋 값으로 샘플 테스트를 해 보아라. 그리고 컴퓨터로 테스트해 보아라. +왜 프로그래밍 문제들을 풀면서 연습히야하는가: +- 문제 인식, 그리고 어디에 어떤 데이터 구조와 알고리즘을 썼어야했는지 알 수 있음 +- 문제의 요구사항이 뭐였는지 이해할 수 있음 +- 실제 면접처럼 자신만의 방식으로 문제를 설명할 수 있음 +- 컴퓨터가 아니라 화이트보드나 종이에 코딩함 +- 시간과 공간 복잡도를 함께 생각하게 됨(아래의 Big-O를 볼 것) +- 코드가 맞나 확인하게 됨 -## 먼저 알아야 할 지식 +면접에서 방법론적인, 양방향 소통인 문제 해결에 대한 훌륭한 소개글이 있습니다. 물론 프로그래밍 면접 책들에서도 배울 수 있겠지만 이 글이 더 미친 수준이라 봅니다: [Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) -
-Prerequisite Knowledge +컴퓨터가 아니라 화이트보드나 종이에 직접 코드를 적어보세요. 그리고 여기에 값들을 넣어보면서 테스트해보세요. 그리고는 컴퓨터에 코드를 치고 테스트해보세요. -- [ ] **C언어 배우기** - - C 는 어디에나 있다. 당신은 책이나 강의, 비디오 등 공부하는 동안 모든 곳에서 예제를 볼 것이다. - - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) - - 이 책은 분량이 적은 책이지만 C언어를 잘 다룰 수 있게 해 줄 것이다. 또한 조금만 연습하더라도 연습량에 비해 빠르게 배울 수 있을 것이다. C언어를 이해하는 것은 프로그램과 메모리가 어떻게 돌아가는지 이해하는 것을 도와준다. - - [질의 응답](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) +만약 화이트보드가 집에 없다면, 문방구에 가서 그림용 공책을 사서 거기서 연습해보세요. +이건 제 "소파 화이트보드"입니다. 크기 비교를 위해 사진에 펜을 추가해봤습니다. 펜을 쓰신다면 몇 분 후 지워지지 않는 펜을 원망하는 자신을 보게 될 겁니다. +엄청 빨리 더러워집니다. **저는 그래서 연필과 지우개를 썼습니다.** -- [ ] **컴퓨터가 프로그램을 어떻게 처리하는 지:** - - [ ] [CPU는 프로그램을 어떻게 실행하는 지 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) - - [ ] [컴퓨터의 계산 방법 - ALU (영상)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) - - [ ] [레지스터와 RAM (영상)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) - - [ ] [중앙처리장치(CPU) (영상)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) - - [ ] [명렁어와 프로그램 (영상)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) +![제 소파 화이트보드](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) -
+**코딩 문제 연습은 프로그래밍 문제에 대한 답을 외우는 연습이 아니다.** + +## 코딩 문제들 +[여기 있는](#면접-준비-관련-도서) 코딩 면접 책들을 잊지마세요. + +문제 푸는 법들: +- [해답을 찾는 법](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [탑코더 문제 상태 파헤치기](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) + +코딩 면접 질문 관련 동영상들: +- [IDeserve (동영상 88개)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (플레이리스트 5개)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - Super for walkthroughs of problem solutions +- [Nick White - 릿코드 해답 (동영상 187개)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - Good explanations of solution and the code + - You can watch several in a short time +- [FisherCoder - 릿코드 해답](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) + +도전 사이트들: +- [릿코드](https://leetcode.com/) + - My favorite coding problem site. It's worth the subscription money for the 1-2 months you'll likely be preparing. + - See Nick White and FisherCoder Videos above for code walk-throughs. +- [해커랭크](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [탑코더](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/explore/?page=1) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/) +- [Project Euler](https://projecteuler.net/) + +## 이제 시작해봅시다 + +네, 잡설은 그만하고, 배워봅시다! + +하지만 위의 코딩 문제를 배우는 중에 같이 풀어보는 거 절대 잊지마세요! ## 알고리즘 복잡도 / Big-O / 점근적 분석 -
-Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis - - 구현할 것은 없다. +- 여기에는 다양한 영상들이 있다. 이해할 때까지 충분히 보고 언제든지 다시 돌아와서 복습할 수 있다. +- 일부 강의가 너무 수학적이라면, 아래로 가서 이산 수학에 대한 동영상을 보며 배경 지식을 쌓아보세요. - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) - [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) - [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) - [ ] Skiena: - - [동영상](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [슬라이드 자료](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) + - [동영상](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [슬라이드 자료](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) - [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) - [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/59) - [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/61) @@ -565,314 +576,289 @@ Anki format의 내 flashcard 데이터베이스: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info - [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) - [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/63) - [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): - - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) - - 일부 강의가 너무 수학적이라면, 아래로 가서 이산 수학에 대한 동영상을 보며 배경 지식을 쌓아보세요. - -
- ## 자료구조 -
-Data Structures - - ### 배열 - - 자동 리사이징 벡터 구현하기 - - [ ] 설명: - - [배열 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) - - [UCBerkley CS61B - 선형과 다차원 배열 (영상)](https://youtu.be/Wp8oiO_CZZE?t=15m32s) - - [배열 기본 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_04-basicArrays.mp4) - - [다차원 배열 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_05-multidimensionalArrays.mp4) - - [동적 배열 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) - - [가변 배열 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) - - [가변 배열 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_06-jaggedArrays.mp4) - - [배열 리사이징 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/03_01-resizableArrays.mp4) - - [ ] 벡터 구현하기 (자동 리사이징을 포함한 동적 배열): - - [ ] 배열, 포인터 및 인덱싱 대신하여 특정 인덱스에 접근하는 포인터 연산을 통한 코딩 연습 - - [ ] 메모리 할당을 포함한 새 배열 - - 배열 메소드 등의 기능을 활용하지 않으면서 정수 배열에 메모리를 할당할 수 있어야 함 - - 16으로 시작하거나 시작하는 숫자가 크다면 2의 제곱수(16, 32, 64, 128)로 시작 - - [ ] size() - 항목의 개수 - - [ ] capacity() - 들어갈 수 있는 항목의 최대 개수 - - [ ] is_empty() - - [ ] at(index) - 인덱스에 있는 항목을 돌려주고, 인덱스가 범위 밖이면 에러를 냄 - - [ ] push(item) - - [ ] insert(index, item) - index에 item을 삽입하고 기존 인덱스의 값부터 쭉 오른쪽으로 쉬프트 - - [ ] prepend(item) - 맨 앞에 원소를 삽입 - - [ ] pop() - 마지막 원소를 삭제하고 값을 돌려준다 - - [ ] delete(index) - delete item at index, shifting all trailing elements left - - [ ] remove(item) - looks for value and removes index holding it (even if in multiple places) - - [ ] find(item) - looks for value and returns first index with that value, -1 if not found - - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private 함수 - - 용량이 꽉 차면, 그 두배로 크기를 조정한다. - - item을 하나 꺼낼 때, 용량이 1/4이라면, 용량을 절반으로 줄인다. - - [ ] 시간 복잡도 - - 접근, 수정, 끝에 추가/삭제하는 데 O(1) - - 다른 곳에 추가/삭제하는 데 O(n) - - [ ] 공간 복잡도 - - 메모리에 연속적으로 있어서, 근접성이 성능을 향상시킨다. - - 필요한 공간 = (n 이상인 배열의 용량) * item의 크기, 하지만 2n 크기에서는 여전히 O(n) + - 자동 리사이징 벡터 구현하기 + - [ ] 설명: + - [배열 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) + - [UCBerkley CS61B - 선형과 다차원 배열 (영상)](https://youtu.be/Wp8oiO_CZZE?t=15m32s) + - [배열 기본 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_04-basicArrays.mp4) + - [다차원 배열 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_05-multidimensionalArrays.mp4) + - [동적 배열 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) + - [가변 배열 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [가변 배열 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_06-jaggedArrays.mp4) + - [배열 리사이징 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/03_01-resizableArrays.mp4) + - [ ] 벡터 구현하기 (자동 리사이징을 포함한 동적 배열): + - [ ] 배열, 포인터 및 인덱싱 대신하여 특정 인덱스에 접근하는 포인터 연산을 통한 코딩 연습 + - [ ] 메모리 할당을 포함한 새 배열 + - 배열 메소드 등의 기능을 활용하지 않으면서 정수 배열에 메모리를 할당할 수 있어야 함 + - 16으로 시작하거나 시작하는 숫자가 크다면 2의 제곱수(16, 32, 64, 128)로 시작 + - [ ] size() - 항목의 개수 + - [ ] capacity() - 들어갈 수 있는 항목의 최대 개수 + - [ ] is_empty() + - [ ] at(index) - 인덱스에 있는 항목을 돌려주고, 인덱스가 범위 밖이면 에러를 냄 + - [ ] push(item) + - [ ] insert(index, item) - index에 item을 삽입하고 기존 인덱스의 값부터 쭉 오른쪽으로 쉬프트 + - [ ] prepend(item) - 맨 앞에 원소를 삽입 + - [ ] pop() - 마지막 원소를 삭제하고 값을 돌려준다 + - [ ] delete(index) - delete item at index, shifting all trailing elements left + - [ ] remove(item) - looks for value and removes index holding it (even if in multiple places) + - [ ] find(item) - looks for value and returns first index with that value, -1 if not found + - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private 함수 + - 용량이 꽉 차면, 그 두배로 크기를 조정한다. + - item을 하나 꺼낼 때, 용량이 1/4이라면, 용량을 절반으로 줄인다. + - [ ] 시간 복잡도 + - 접근, 수정, 끝에 추가/삭제하는 데 O(1) + - 다른 곳에 추가/삭제하는 데 O(n) + - [ ] 공간 복잡도 + - 메모리에 연속적으로 있어서, 근접성이 성능을 향상시킨다. + - 필요한 공간 = (n 이상인 배열의 용량) * item의 크기, 하지만 2n 크기에서는 여전히 O(n) - ### 링크드 리스트 - - [ ] 설명: - - [ ] [단일 연결 리스트 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - - [ ] [CS 61B - 연결 리스트 1 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) - - [ ] [CS 61B - 연결 리스트 2 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) - - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) + - [ ] 설명: + - [ ] [단일 연결 리스트 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) + - [ ] [CS 61B - 연결 리스트 1 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B - 연결 리스트 2 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - 전체 영상은 아니고, 노드 구조와 메모리 할당에 대한 부분입니다. - - [ ] 연결 리스트 vs 배열: - - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) - - [실세계에서의 연결 리스트 Vs 배열 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) - - [ ] [왜 연결 리스트를 기피해야 하는지 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) - - [ ] 짚고가기: 이중 포인터에 대한 지식이 필요하다면: + - [ ] 연결 리스트 vs 배열: + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) + - [실세계에서의 연결 리스트 Vs 배열 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) + - [ ] [왜 연결 리스트를 기피해야 하는지 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [ ] 짚고가기: 이중 포인터에 대한 지식이 필요하다면: (for when you pass a pointer to a function that may change the address where that pointer points) 이 페이지는 포인터가 포인터를 가리키는 것을 파악하는 정도입니다. 저는 아래 목록을 순서대로 읽지 않기를 권장합니다. 가독성과 유지 보수성이 더 좋기 때문입니다. - - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) - - [ ] 구현 (저는 tail 포인터가 있는 것과 없는 것 모두 구현했었습니다.): - - [ ] size() - returns number of data elements in list - - [ ] empty() - bool returns true if empty - - [ ] value_at(index) - returns the value of the nth item (starting at 0 for first) - - [ ] push_front(value) - adds an item to the front of the list - - [ ] pop_front() - remove front item and return its value - - [ ] push_back(value) - adds an item at the end - - [ ] pop_back() - removes end item and returns its value - - [ ] front() - get value of front item - - [ ] back() - get value of end item - - [ ] insert(index, value) - insert value at index, so current item at that index is pointed to by new item at index - - [ ] erase(index) - removes node at given index - - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - returns the value of the node at nth position from the end of the list - - [ ] reverse() - reverses the list - - [ ] remove_value(value) - removes the first item in the list with this value - - [ ] 이중 연결 리스트 - - [설명 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) - - 구현할 필요는 없습니다. + - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) + - [ ] 구현 (저는 tail 포인터가 있는 것과 없는 것 모두 구현했었습니다.): + - [ ] size() - returns number of data elements in list + - [ ] empty() - bool returns true if empty + - [ ] value_at(index) - returns the value of the nth item (starting at 0 for first) + - [ ] push_front(value) - adds an item to the front of the list + - [ ] pop_front() - remove front item and return its value + - [ ] push_back(value) - adds an item at the end + - [ ] pop_back() - removes end item and returns its value + - [ ] front() - get value of front item + - [ ] back() - get value of end item + - [ ] insert(index, value) - insert value at index, so current item at that index is pointed to by new item at index + - [ ] erase(index) - removes node at given index + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - returns the value of the node at nth position from the end of the list + - [ ] reverse() - reverses the list + - [ ] remove_value(value) - removes the first item in the list with this value + - [ ] 이중 연결 리스트 + - [설명 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) + - 구현할 필요는 없습니다. - ### 스택 - - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) - - [ ] [Using Stacks Last-In First-Out (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_01-usingStacksForLast-inFirst-out.mp4) - - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. + - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [Using Stacks Last-In First-Out (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_01-usingStacksForLast-inFirst-out.mp4) + - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. - ### 큐 - - [ ] [Using Queues First-In First-Out(video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_03-usingQueuesForFirst-inFirst-out.mp4) - - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) - - [ ] [Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_04-priorityQueuesAndDeques.mp4) - - [ ] tail 포인터가 있는 연결 리스트를 사용하여 구현하기: - - enqueue(value) - tail이 가리키는 곳에 value를 추가한다 - - dequeue() - value를 반환하고 가장 최근에 추가된 원소(front)를 제거한다. - - empty() - - [ ] 고정 길이 배열을 사용하여 구현하기: - - enqueue(value) - 사용 가능한 저장 공간의 끝에 item을 추가한다. - - dequeue() - value를 반환하고 가장 최근에 추가된 원소를 제거한다. - - empty() - - full() - - [ ] 비용: - - a bad implementation using linked list where you enqueue at head and dequeue at tail would be O(n) + - [ ] [Using Queues First-In First-Out(video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_03-usingQueuesForFirst-inFirst-out.mp4) + - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) + - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_04-priorityQueuesAndDeques.mp4) + - [ ] tail 포인터가 있는 연결 리스트를 사용하여 구현하기: + - enqueue(value) - tail이 가리키는 곳에 value를 추가한다 + - dequeue() - value를 반환하고 가장 최근에 추가된 원소(front)를 제거한다. + - empty() + - [ ] 고정 길이 배열을 사용하여 구현하기: + - enqueue(value) - 사용 가능한 저장 공간의 끝에 item을 추가한다. + - dequeue() - value를 반환하고 가장 최근에 추가된 원소를 제거한다. + - empty() + - full() + - [ ] 비용: + - a bad implementation using linked list where you enqueue at head and dequeue at tail would be O(n) because you'd need the next to last element, causing a full traversal each dequeue - - enqueue: O(1) (amortized, linked list and array [probing]) - - dequeue: O(1) (linked list and array) - - empty: O(1) (linked list and array) + - enqueue: O(1) (amortized, linked list and array [probing]) + - dequeue: O(1) (linked list and array) + - empty: O(1) (linked list and array) - ### 해시 테이블 - - [ ] 동영상들: - - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) - - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] 동영상들: + - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) - - [ ] 온라인 강의들: - - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_02-understandingHashFunctions.mp4) - - [ ] [Using Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_03-usingHashTables.mp4) - - [ ] [Supporting Hashing (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_04-supportingHashing.mp4) - - [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_05-languageSupportForHashTables.mp4) - - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) - - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) - - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) - - [ ] distributed hash tables: - - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) - - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) + - [ ] 온라인 강의들: + - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_02-understandingHashFunctions.mp4) + - [ ] [Using Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_03-usingHashTables.mp4) + - [ ] [Supporting Hashing (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_04-supportingHashing.mp4) + - [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_05-languageSupportForHashTables.mp4) + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) + - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) + - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) + - [ ] distributed hash tables: + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) + - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) - - [ ] Linear probing을 사용하여 배열로 구현해보기 - - hash(k, m) - m은 해시 테이블의 크기 - - add(key, value) - 키가 이미 존재한다면, 값을 갱신한다. - - exists(key) - - get(key) - - remove(key) - -
+ - [ ] Linear probing을 사용하여 배열로 구현해보기 + - hash(k, m) - m은 해시 테이블의 크기 + - add(key, value) - 키가 이미 존재한다면, 값을 갱신한다. + - exists(key) + - get(key) + - remove(key) ## 추가 지식 -
-More Knowledge - - ### Binary search - - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - - [ ] [자세한 내용](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) - - [ ] 구현: - - (정수가 정렬된 배열에서) 이진 탐색 - - 재귀를 사용한 이진 탐색 + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + - [ ] [자세한 내용](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] 구현: + - (정수가 정렬된 배열에서) 이진 탐색 + - 재귀를 사용한 이진 탐색 - ### Bitwise operations - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) - - [ ] 비트 연산자(&, |, ^, ~, >>, <<) 제대로 이해하기 - - [ ] [워드](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - - [ ] 시작하기 좋은 곳: + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] 비트 연산자(&, |, ^, ~, >>, <<) 제대로 이해하기 + - [ ] [워드](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) + - [ ] 시작하기 좋은 곳: [Bit Manipulation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) - - [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) - - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) - - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) - - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) - - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) - - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) - - [ ] 2의 보수와 1의 보수 - - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) - - [1의 보수](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1의_보수) - - [2의 보수](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2의_보수) - - [ ] count set bits - - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) - - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) - - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) - - [ ] round to next power of 2: - - [Round Up To Next Power Of Two](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/roundUpToNextPowerOfTwo.html) - - [ ] swap values: - - [Swap](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) - - [ ] absolute value: - - [Absolute Integer](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) - -
+ - [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) + - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) + - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) + - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] [Bit Hacks (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZusiKXcz_ac) + - [ ] 2의 보수와 1의 보수 + - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) + - [1의 보수](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1의_보수) + - [2의 보수](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2의_보수) + - [ ] Count set bits + - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) + - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) + - [ ] Swap values: + - [Swap](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + - [ ] Absolute value: + - [Absolute Integer](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) ## 트리 -
-Trees - - ### Trees - Notes & Background - - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) - - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) - - 트리 기초 형태 만들기 - - 순회 - - 알고리즘 다루기 - - [ ] [BFS(너비-우선 탐색;breadth-first search) and DFS(깊이-우선 탐색;depth-first search)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) - - BFS 노트: - - level order (BFS, 큐를 사용하여) - - 시간 복잡도: O(n) - - 공간 복잡도: + - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) + - 트리 기초 형태 만들기 + - 순회 + - 알고리즘 다루기 + - [ ] [BFS(너비-우선 탐색;breadth-first search) and DFS(깊이-우선 탐색;depth-first search)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) + - BFS 노트: + - level order (BFS, 큐를 사용하여) + - 시간 복잡도: O(n) + - 공간 복잡도: 최고: O(1) 최악: O(n/2)=O(n) - - DFS 노트: - - 시간 복잡도: O(n) - - 공간 복잡도: + - DFS 노트: + - 시간 복잡도: O(n) + - 공간 복잡도: 최고: O(log n) - 평균적으로, 트리의 높이이다. 최악: O(n) - - 중위(inorder) (DFS: 왼쪽, 자신, 오른쪽) - - 후위(postorder) (DFS: 왼쪽, 오른쪽, 자신) - - 전위(preorder) (DFS: 자신, 왼쪽, 오른쪽) + - 중위(inorder) (DFS: 왼쪽, 자신, 오른쪽) + - 후위(postorder) (DFS: 왼쪽, 오른쪽, 자신) + - 전위(preorder) (DFS: 자신, 왼쪽, 오른쪽) - ### Binary search trees: BSTs - - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [Series (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) - - starts with symbol table and goes through BST applications - - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) - - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) - - C/C++: - - [ ] [이진 탐색 트리 - C/C++로 구현하기 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) - - [ ] [BST 구현 - 스택과 힙에 메모리 할당 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) - - [ ] [이진 탐색 트리에서 가장 작은 원소와 가장 큰 원소 찾기 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [이진 트리의 높이 구하기 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) - - [ ] [이진 트리 순회 - 너비-우선과 깊이-우선 전략 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) - - [ ] [이진 트리: Level Order Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [이진 트리 순회: 전위, 중위, 후위 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [이진 트리가 이진 탐색 트리인지 아닌 지 확인하기 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [이진 탐색 트리에서 노드 삭제하기 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) - - [ ] [Inorder Successor in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] 구현: - - [ ] insert // 트리에 어떤 값을 삽입 - - [ ] get_node_count // 저장된 값들의 개수 세기 - - [ ] print_values // 트리 안의 값들을 최소부터 최대까지 출력 - - [ ] delete_tree - - [ ] is_in_tree // 주어진 값이 트리 안에 있는 지를 반환 - - [ ] get_height // 어떤 노드의 높이를 반환 (노드 하나의 높이는 1이다.) - - [ ] get_min // 트리에 저장된 값 중 가장 작은 값을 반환 - - [ ] get_max // 트리에 저장된 값 중 가장 큰 값을 반환 - - [ ] is_binary_search_tree - - [ ] delete_value - - [ ] get_successor // 값이 주어지면, 다음으로 가장 큰 값을, 없으면 -1을 반환 + - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [Series (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) + - starts with symbol table and goes through BST applications + - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) + - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + - C/C++: + - [ ] [이진 탐색 트리 - C/C++로 구현하기 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) + - [ ] [BST 구현 - 스택과 힙에 메모리 할당 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) + - [ ] [이진 탐색 트리에서 가장 작은 원소와 가장 큰 원소 찾기 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [이진 트리의 높이 구하기 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) + - [ ] [이진 트리 순회 - 너비-우선과 깊이-우선 전략 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) + - [ ] [이진 트리: Level Order Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [이진 트리 순회: 전위, 중위, 후위 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [이진 트리가 이진 탐색 트리인지 아닌 지 확인하기 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [이진 탐색 트리에서 노드 삭제하기 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) + - [ ] [Inorder Successor in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] 구현: + - [ ] insert // 트리에 어떤 값을 삽입 + - [ ] get_node_count // 저장된 값들의 개수 세기 + - [ ] print_values // 트리 안의 값들을 최소부터 최대까지 출력 + - [ ] delete_tree + - [ ] is_in_tree // 주어진 값이 트리 안에 있는 지를 반환 + - [ ] get_height // 어떤 노드의 높이를 반환 (노드 하나의 높이는 1이다.) + - [ ] get_min // 트리에 저장된 값 중 가장 작은 값을 반환 + - [ ] get_max // 트리에 저장된 값 중 가장 큰 값을 반환 + - [ ] is_binary_search_tree + - [ ] delete_value + - [ ] get_successor // 값이 주어지면, 다음으로 가장 큰 값을, 없으면 -1을 반환 - ### Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap - - 트리처럼 보여지지만, 보통은 선형으로 저장됩니다. (배열, 링크드리스트처럼) - - [ ] [힙(Heap)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) - - [ ] [소개 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) - - [ ] [Naive한 구현들 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) - - [ ] [이진 트리 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) - - [ ] [Tree Height Remark (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) - - [ ] [기본 연산들 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) - - [ ] [완전 이진 트리 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) - - [ ] [의사 코드(Pseudocode) (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) - - [ ] [힙 정렬 - 시작하기 (영상)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) - - [ ] [힙 정렬 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) - - [ ] [힙 만들기 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) - - [ ] [MIT: 힙과 힙 정렬 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: 우선순위 큐 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - - [ ] [선형 시간에 힙 만들기 (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) - - [ ] max-heap 구현하기: - - [ ] insert - - [ ] sift_up - `insert` 하려면 필요 - - [ ] get_max - 최대 원소를 반환하되, 삭제는 하지 않는다. - - [ ] get_size() - 저장된 원소들의 개수를 반환 - - [ ] is_empty() - 힙에 원소를 하나도 없는 지 반환 - - [ ] extract_max - 최대 원소를 반환하고, 그걸 삭제한다. - - [ ] sift_down - `extract_max` 하려면 필요하다 - - [ ] remove(x) - x번째 원소를 삭제 - - [ ] heapify - 배열에 있는 원소들로 힙을 만든다. `heap_sort` 하려면 필요 - - [ ] heap_sort() - 정렬되지 않은 배열을 받아서 정렬된 배열로 만든다. 추가 메모리 없이 제자리에서 max-heap을 사용한다. - - 노트: min-heap을 사용하면 연산을 줄일 수 있지만, 공간이 두 배로 필요합니다. (제자리에서 못 하기 때문에) - -
+ - 트리처럼 보여지지만, 보통은 선형으로 저장됩니다. (배열, 링크드리스트처럼) + - [ ] [힙(Heap)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) + - [ ] [소개 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) + - [ ] [Naive한 구현들 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [이진 트리 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) + - [ ] [Tree Height Remark (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) + - [ ] [기본 연산들 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) + - [ ] [완전 이진 트리 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) + - [ ] [의사 코드(Pseudocode) (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) + - [ ] [힙 정렬 - 시작하기 (영상)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [힙 정렬 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) + - [ ] [힙 만들기 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) + - [ ] [MIT: 힙과 힙 정렬 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: 우선순위 큐 (영상)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) + - [ ] [선형 시간에 힙 만들기 (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] max-heap 구현하기: + - [ ] insert + - [ ] sift_up - `insert` 하려면 필요 + - [ ] get_max - 최대 원소를 반환하되, 삭제는 하지 않는다. + - [ ] get_size() - 저장된 원소들의 개수를 반환 + - [ ] is_empty() - 힙에 원소를 하나도 없는 지 반환 + - [ ] extract_max - 최대 원소를 반환하고, 그걸 삭제한다. + - [ ] sift_down - `extract_max` 하려면 필요하다 + - [ ] remove(x) - x번째 원소를 삭제 + - [ ] heapify - 배열에 있는 원소들로 힙을 만든다. `heap_sort` 하려면 필요 + - [ ] heap_sort() - 정렬되지 않은 배열을 받아서 정렬된 배열로 만든다. 추가 메모리 없이 제자리에서 max-heap을 사용한다. + - 노트: min-heap을 사용하면 연산을 줄일 수 있지만, 공간이 두 배로 필요합니다. (제자리에서 못 하기 때문에) ## 정렬 -
-Sorting - - [ ] Notes: - - 정렬들 구현 & 각 정렬의 최적의 경우/최악의 경우, 평균적인 복잡도를 알기: - - 버블 소트 쓰지 마세요 - 끔찍하니까요 - n이 16이하 제외하고 O(n^2) - - [ ] 정렬 알고리즘들의 안정성 ("퀵소트는 안정적인가?") - - [정렬 알고리즘의 안정성](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) - - [정렬 알고리즘들의 안정성](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) - - [정렬 알고리즘들의 안정성](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) - - [정렬 알고리즘들 - 안정성](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) - - [ ] 어떤 알고리즘들에 연결 리스트를 쓸 수 있는가? 배열은? 둘 다는? - - 연결 리스트를 정렬하는 것은 추천하지 않지만, 병합 정렬은 가능합니다. - - [링크드 리스트로 병합 정렬](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) + - 정렬들 구현 & 각 정렬의 최적의 경우/최악의 경우, 평균적인 복잡도를 알기: + - 버블 소트 쓰지 마세요 - 끔찍하니까요 - n이 16이하 제외하고 O(n^2) + - [ ] 정렬 알고리즘들의 안정성 ("퀵소트는 안정적인가?") + - [정렬 알고리즘의 안정성](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) + - [정렬 알고리즘들의 안정성](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) + - [정렬 알고리즘들의 안정성](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) + - [정렬 알고리즘들 - 안정성](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) + - [ ] 어떤 알고리즘들에 연결 리스트를 쓸 수 있는가? 배열은? 둘 다는? + - 연결 리스트를 정렬하는 것은 추천하지 않지만, 병합 정렬은 가능합니다. + - [링크드 리스트로 병합 정렬](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) - 힙소트의 경우, 위의 힙 데이터 구조를 보세요. 힙 정렬은 훌륭하지만 안정적이지 못합니다. - [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) - - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort) - - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) - - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/xAltF/sorting-complexity) - - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/9FYhS/comparators) - - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) + - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort) + - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) + - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/xAltF/sorting-complexity) + - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/9FYhS/comparators) + - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) - [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) - - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/vjvnC/quicksort) - - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/UQxFT/selection) - - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/XvjPd/duplicate-keys) - - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/QBNZ7/system-sorts) + - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/vjvnC/quicksort) + - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/UQxFT/selection) + - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/XvjPd/duplicate-keys) + - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/QBNZ7/system-sorts) - [ ] UC Berkeley: - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) - [ ] [Bubble Sort (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - [ ] [Analyzing Bubble Sort (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) @@ -883,419 +869,347 @@ Anki format의 내 flashcard 데이터베이스: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info - [ ] [선택 정렬 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - [ ] 병합 정렬 코드: - - [ ] [Using output array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) - - [ ] [Using output array (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) - - [ ] [In-place (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) + - [ ] [Using output array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) + - [ ] [Using output array (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) + - [ ] [In-place (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) - [ ] 퀵 정렬 코드: - - [ ] [구현 (C언어)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) - - [ ] [구현 (C언어)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - - [ ] [구현 (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) + - [ ] [구현 (C언어)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) + - [ ] [구현 (C언어)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) + - [ ] [구현 (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) - [ ] 구현: - - [ ] 병합 정렬: 평균과 최악의 경우 O(n log n) - - [ ] 퀵 정렬: 평균적인 경우 O(n log n) - - 선택 정렬과 삽입 정렬은 둘 다 평균과 최악의 경우에 O(n^2) - - 힙 정렬의 경우, 위의 힙 데이터 구조를 보세요. + - [ ] 병합 정렬: 평균과 최악의 경우 O(n log n) + - [ ] 퀵 정렬: 평균적인 경우 O(n log n) + - 선택 정렬과 삽입 정렬은 둘 다 평균과 최악의 경우에 O(n^2) + - 힙 정렬의 경우, 위의 힙 데이터 구조를 보세요. - [ ] 필요한 건 아니지만, 아래도 추천합니다: - - [ ] [Sedgewick - 기수 정렬(Radix Sorts) (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) - - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) - - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting) - - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) - - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) - - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/crkd5/3-way-radix-quicksort) - - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) - - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) - - [ ] [Radix Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) - - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - 기수 정렬(Radix Sorts) (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) + - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting) + - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/crkd5/3-way-radix-quicksort) + - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) + - [ ] [Radix Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) 개략적으로 보자면, 여기에 시각적으로 나타낸 [15가지 정렬 알고리즘들](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg)을 보세요. 이 주제에 대해서 더 자세히 알고 싶다면, [몇몇 주제에 대한 세부사항](#몇몇-주제에-대한-세부사항)에서 "정렬" 섹션를 보세요. -
- ## 그래프 -
-Graphs - 그래프는 컴퓨터 과학의 여러 문제들을 표현하는 데 사용할 수 있다. 때문에 이 섹션은 트리나 정렬 섹션처럼 길다. - 노트: - - 메모리에 그래프를 표시하는 세 가지 기본 방법이 있다: - - 오브젝트와 포인터 - - 행렬 - - 인접 리스트 - - 각각의 표현과 장단점을 숙지하라. - - 넓이 우선 탐색(BFS)와 깊이 우선 탐색(DFS) - 계산상의 복잡성, 장단점, 실제 코드로 구현하는 방법을 알아야 한다. - - 질문을 받을 시 먼저 그래프 기반 솔루션을 찾고, 없을 경우에 다른 솔루션으로 넘어가라. + - 메모리에 그래프를 표시하는 네 가지 기본 방법이 있다: + - 오브젝트와 포인터 + - 행렬 + - 인접 리스트 + - 인접 맵 + - 각각의 표현과 장단점을 숙지하라. + - 넓이 우선 탐색(BFS)와 깊이 우선 탐색(DFS) - 계산상의 복잡성, 장단점, 실제 코드로 구현하는 방법을 알아야 한다. + - 질문을 받을 시 먼저 그래프 기반 솔루션을 찾고, 없을 경우에 다른 솔루션으로 넘어가라. - [ ] MIT(영상): - - [ ] [너비 우선 탐색(BFS;Breadth-First Search)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) - - [ ] [깊이 우선 탐색(DFS;Depth-First Search)]((https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) + - [ ] [너비 우선 탐색(BFS;Breadth-First Search)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - [ ] [깊이 우선 탐색(DFS;Depth-First Search)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) - [ ] Skiena의 강좌 - 시작하기 아주 좋습니다: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - [ ] 그래프 (검토, 그 외 여러가지): - - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) - - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) - - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - Lecture 6 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) - - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) - - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) - - [ ] ~~[CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489)~~ - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - Lecture 6 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + - [ ] ~~[CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489)~~ + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) + - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) - Full Coursera Course: - - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) + - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) - 내가 구현할 것: - - [ ] DFS with 인접 리스트 (재귀) - - [ ] DFS with 인접 리스트 (스택을 쓴 비재귀) - - [ ] DFS with 인접 행렬 (재귀) - - [ ] DFS with 인접 행렬 (스택을 쓴 비재귀) - - [ ] BFS with 인접 리스트 - - [ ] BFS with 인접 행렬 - - [ ] 단일 출발지 최단 경로 (다익스트라) - - [ ] 최소 신장 트리 (MST;minimum spanning tree) - - DFS-기반 알고리즘들 (위의 Aduni 영상들을 보세요): - - [ ] 사이클 검사/확인 (위상 정렬할 때 필요합니다. 시작하기 전에 검사해야 하거든요.) - - [ ] 위상 정렬 - - [ ] 그래프 내의 연결 요소(Connected Component)들 개수 - - [ ] 강연결요소(SCC;Strongly Connected Component)들 나열하기 - - [ ] 이분 그래프 확인하기 + - [ ] DFS with 인접 리스트 (재귀) + - [ ] DFS with 인접 리스트 (스택을 쓴 비재귀) + - [ ] DFS with 인접 행렬 (재귀) + - [ ] DFS with 인접 행렬 (스택을 쓴 비재귀) + - [ ] BFS with 인접 리스트 + - [ ] BFS with 인접 행렬 + - [ ] 단일 출발지 최단 경로 (다익스트라) + - [ ] 최소 신장 트리 (MST;minimum spanning tree) + - DFS-기반 알고리즘들 (위의 Aduni 영상들을 보세요): + - [ ] 사이클 검사/확인 (위상 정렬할 때 필요합니다. 시작하기 전에 검사해야 하거든요.) + - [ ] 위상 정렬 + - [ ] 그래프 내의 연결 요소(Connected Component)들 개수 + - [ ] 강연결요소(SCC;Strongly Connected Component)들 나열하기 + - [ ] 이분 그래프 확인하기 Skiena의 책(아래의 책 섹션 참조)과 인터뷰 책에서 더 많은 그래프 실습을 할 수 있습니다. -
- ## Even More Knowledge -
-더 많은 지식 - - ### Recursion - - [ ] 재귀와 백트래킹에 대한 스탠포드 대학 강의: - - [ ] [Lecture 8 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) - - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) - - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) - - 재귀는 언제 사용해야 하는 지 - - 꼬리 재귀를 사용하는 게 그렇지 않은 것보다 얼마나 나은가요? - - [ ] [꼬리 재귀가 무엇이고 왜 그게 좋지 않은지에 대하여](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - - [ ] [꼬리 재귀 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) - + - [ ] 재귀와 백트래킹에 대한 스탠포드 대학 강의: + - [ ] [Lecture 8 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) + - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) + - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) + - 재귀는 언제 사용해야 하는 지 + - 꼬리 재귀를 사용하는 게 그렇지 않은 것보다 얼마나 나은가요? + - [ ] [꼬리 재귀가 무엇이고 왜 그게 좋지 않은지에 대하여](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) + - [ ] [꼬리 재귀 (영상)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) - ### Dynamic Programming - - 이 주제는 아주 어렵습니다. DP로 풀리는 각 문제마다 어떤 점화식을 정의해야 하는데 그게 까다롭습니다. - - 얽혀있는 패턴들을 확실히 이해할 때까지, 많은 DP 예시 문제들을 찾아보기를 권합니다. - - [ ] Videos: - - Skiena씨의 영상들은 따라가기 힘듭니다. 가끔 화이트보드를 사용하시는 데 너무 작아서 보기가 힘들거든요. - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - 동적 프로그래밍 소개 (영상)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - 동적 프로그래밍 예제들 (영상)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - 동적 프로그래밍의 활용 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) - - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (59:18부터 시작) (영상)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) - - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) - - [ ] List of individual DP problems (each is short): + - 인터뷰에서 DP 문제를 접하지 않을 수도 있습니다. 하지만 알고 있는게 미뤄두는 것 보다 낫습니다. + - 이 주제는 아주 어렵습니다. DP로 풀리는 각 문제마다 어떤 점화식을 정의해야 하는데 그게 까다롭습니다. + - 얽혀있는 패턴들을 확실히 이해할 때까지, 많은 DP 예시 문제들을 찾아보기를 권합니다. + - [ ] Videos: + - Skiena씨의 영상들은 따라가기 힘듭니다. 가끔 화이트보드를 사용하시는 데 너무 작아서 보기가 힘들거든요. + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - 동적 프로그래밍 소개 (영상)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - 동적 프로그래밍 예제들 (영상)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - 동적 프로그래밍의 활용 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (59:18부터 시작) (영상)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (영상)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] List of individual DP problems (each is short): [Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) - - [ ] Yale Lecture notes: - - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) - - [ ] Coursera: - - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) - - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) - - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) - - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) - - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) - - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) - - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] Yale Lecture notes: + - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) + - [ ] Coursera: + - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) + - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) + - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) - ### Object-Oriented Programming - - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) - - [ ] 객체 지향 소프트웨어 공학: UML과 JAVA를 사용한 소프트웨어 개발 (21개의 영상): - - Can skip this if you have a great grasp of OO and OO design practices. - - [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] SOLID OOP Principles: - - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) - - [ ] [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) - - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) - - [더 알아보기](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) - - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension for not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) - - [더 알아보기](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) - - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) - - [더 알아보기](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) - - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use - - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) - - [더 알아보기](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) - - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. - - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) - - [더 알아보기](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) + - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) + - [ ] SOLID OOP Principles: + - [ ] [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) - ### Design patterns - - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) - - [ ] Learn these patterns: - - [ ] strategy - - [ ] singleton - - [ ] adapter - - [ ] prototype - - [ ] decorator - - [ ] visitor - - [ ] factory, abstract factory - - [ ] facade - - [ ] observer - - [ ] proxy - - [ ] delegate - - [ ] command - - [ ] state - - [ ] memento - - [ ] iterator - - [ ] composite - - [ ] flyweight - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 1) - Patterns (video)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] [Series of videos (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) - - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) - - I know the canonical book is "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", but Head First is great for beginners to OO. - - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) - - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) - + - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) + - [ ] Learn these patterns: + - [ ] strategy + - [ ] singleton + - [ ] adapter + - [ ] prototype + - [ ] decorator + - [ ] visitor + - [ ] factory, abstract factory + - [ ] facade + - [ ] observer + - [ ] proxy + - [ ] delegate + - [ ] command + - [ ] state + - [ ] memento + - [ ] iterator + - [ ] composite + - [ ] flyweight + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 1) - Patterns (video)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Series of videos (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) + - I know the canonical book is "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", but Head First is great for beginners to OO. + - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) + - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) - ### Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability - - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) - - [ ] [Make School: Probability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) - - [ ] [Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) - - [ ] Khan Academy: - - Course layout: - - [ ] [Basic Theoretical Probability](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) - - Just the videos - 41 (each are simple and each are short): - - [ ] [Probability Explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) + - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [Make School: Probability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + - [ ] [Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) + - [ ] Khan Academy: + - Course layout: + - [ ] [Basic Theoretical Probability](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) + - Just the videos - 41 (each are simple and each are short): + - [ ] [Probability Explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) - ### NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms - - Know about the most famous classes of NP-complete problems, such as traveling salesman and the knapsack problem, + - Know about the most famous classes of NP-complete problems, such as traveling salesman and the knapsack problem, and be able to recognize them when an interviewer asks you them in disguise. - - Know what NP-complete means. - - [ ] [Computational Complexity (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) - - [ ] Simonson: - - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) - - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [NP Completeness III (Video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) - - [ ] Skiena: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 23 - Introduction to NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 24 - NP-Completeness Proofs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 25 - NP-Completeness Challenge (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) - - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) - - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - Peter Norvig discusses near-optimal solutions to traveling salesman problem: - - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) - - Pages 1048 - 1140 in CLRS if you have it. + - Know what NP-complete means. + - [ ] [Computational Complexity (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) + - [ ] Simonson: + - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness III (Video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) + - [ ] Skiena: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 23 - Introduction to NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 24 - NP-Completeness Proofs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 25 - NP-Completeness Challenge (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) + - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) + - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - Peter Norvig discusses near-optimal solutions to traveling salesman problem: + - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) + - Pages 1048 - 1140 in CLRS if you have it. - ### Caches - - [ ] LRU cache: - - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) - - [ ] [Implementing LRU (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) - - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) - - [ ] CPU cache: - - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) - - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + - [ ] LRU cache: + - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) + - [ ] [Implementing LRU (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) + - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) + - [ ] CPU cache: + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) - ### Processes and Threads - - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operating Systems (25 videos): - - for processes and threads see videos 1-11 - - [Operating Systems and System Programming (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) - - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) - - Covers: - - Processes, Threads, Concurrency issues - - difference between processes and threads - - processes - - threads - - locks - - mutexes - - semaphores - - monitors - - how they work - - deadlock - - livelock - - CPU activity, interrupts, context switching - - Modern concurrency constructs with multicore processors - - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) - - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) - - [Scheduling (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Gu5mYdKbu4&index=4&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8) - - Process resource needs (memory: code, static storage, stack, heap, and also file descriptors, i/o) - - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own pc, stack counter, registers, and stack) - - Forking is really copy on write (read-only) until the new process writes to memory, then it does a full copy. - - Context switching - - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware - - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) - - [ ] concurrency in Python (videos): - - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) - - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) - - [ ] [Understanding the Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) - - [reference](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) - - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) - - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) - - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) - -- ### Papers - - Reading all from end to end with full comprehension will likely take more time than you have. I recommend being selective on papers and their sections. - - [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) - - [ ] [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) - - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) - - [ ] [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) - - replaced by Colossus in 2012 - - [ ] [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) - - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow? - - [ ] [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) - - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) - - [ ] [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) - - [ ] [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) - - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution - - [ ] [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) - - [ ] [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) - - [ ] [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) - - [ ] [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) - - paper not available - - [ ] 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: - - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) - - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) - - [ ] 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: - - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) - - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) - - [ ] [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) - - [ ] [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) - - [ ] [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) + - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operating Systems (25 videos): + - for processes and threads see videos 1-11 + - [Operating Systems and System Programming (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) + - Covers: + - Processes, Threads, Concurrency issues + - difference between processes and threads + - processes + - threads + - locks + - mutexes + - semaphores + - monitors + - how they work + - deadlock + - livelock + - CPU activity, interrupts, context switching + - Modern concurrency constructs with multicore processors + - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) + - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) + - Process resource needs (memory: code, static storage, stack, heap, and also file descriptors, i/o) + - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own pc, stack counter, registers, and stack) + - Forking is really copy on write (read-only) until the new process writes to memory, then it does a full copy. + - Context switching + - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware + - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] concurrency in Python (videos): + - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) + - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) + - [ ] [Understanding the Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) + - [reference](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) + - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) + - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) + - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) - ### 테스트 - - 알아 두어야 할 것: - - 유닛 테스트는 어떻게 작동하는지 - - mock object 는 무엇인지 - - 통합 테스트는 무엇인지 - - 의존성 주입은 무엇인지 - - [ ] [James Bach과 함께하는 애자일 소프트웨어 테스트 (비디오)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) - - [ ] [소프트웨어 테스트에 대한 James Bach의 무료 강의 (비디오)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) - - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven 개발 (이것은 우리가 의미하는 것은 아니다) (비디오)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) - - [참고자료](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) - - [ ] [TDD는 끝났다. 오래 사는 테스팅.](http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html) - - [ ] [TDD는 정말 끝났는가? (비디오)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9quxZsLcfo) - - [ ] [비디오 시리즈 (152 개) - 다 볼 필요 없음 (비디오)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzJapzxH_rE&list=PLAwxTw4SYaPkWVHeC_8aSIbSxE_NXI76g) - - [ ] [파이턴과 함께하는 Test-Driven 웹 개발](http://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/pages/book.html#toc) - - [ ] 의존성 주입: - - [ ] [비디오](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) - - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) - - [ ] [테스트 어떻게 작성하는지](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) + - 알아 두어야 할 것: + - 유닛 테스트는 어떻게 작동하는지 + - mock object 는 무엇인지 + - 통합 테스트는 무엇인지 + - 의존성 주입은 무엇인지 + - [ ] [James Bach과 함께하는 애자일 소프트웨어 테스트 (비디오)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) + - [ ] [소프트웨어 테스트에 대한 James Bach의 무료 강의 (비디오)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) + - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven 개발 (이것은 우리가 의미하는 것은 아니다) (비디오)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) + - [참고자료](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) + - [ ] 의존성 주입: + - [ ] [비디오](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) + - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) + - [ ] [테스트 어떻게 작성하는지](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) - ### Scheduling - - 운영체제(OS)에서 어떻게 동작하는지 - - 운영 체제 관련 영상들에서 알아보실 수 있습니다. - -- ### Implement system routines - - 당신이 사용하는 프로그래밍 API들이 어떤 이점을 가져오는지 이해하기 - - 그리고 그것들을 구현할 수 있는가? + - 운영체제(OS)에서 어떻게 동작하는지 + - 운영 체제 관련 영상들에서 알아보실 수 있습니다. - ### String searching & manipulations - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) - - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/introduction-to-substring-search) - - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) - - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) - - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) - - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) - - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/introduction-to-substring-search) + - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) + - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) + - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) + - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) + - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) 이 주제를 더 자세히 알고 싶으시다면, [몇몇 주제에 대한 세부사항](#몇몇-주제에-대한-세부사항)에서 "문자열 매칭" 섹션을 읽어보세요. - ### Tries - - 트라이에는 여러 종류가 있다는 것을 유의하라. 어떤 건 접두사가 있는 데, 어떤 건 그렇지 않고 또 어떤 것은 경로 추적을 위해 비트 대신에 문자열을 사용한다. - - 나는 코드만 읽었고, 구현은 안 했다. - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) - - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) - - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) - - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) - - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) - - [ ] Short course videos: - - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) - - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) - - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) - - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) - - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/using-tries/) - - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) - - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - 트라이에는 여러 종류가 있다는 것을 유의하라. 어떤 건 접두사가 있는 데, 어떤 건 그렇지 않고 또 어떤 것은 경로 추적을 위해 비트 대신에 문자열을 사용한다. + - 나는 코드만 읽었고, 구현은 안 했다. + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) + - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) + - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) + - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] Short course videos: + - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) + - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - ### Floating Point Numbers - - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) - - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) - ### Unicode - - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) - - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) - ### Endianness - - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://www.cs.umd.edu/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) - - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) - - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) - - Very technical talk for kernel devs. Don't worry if most is over your head. - - The first half is enough. + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://www.cs.umd.edu/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - Very technical talk for kernel devs. Don't worry if most is over your head. + - The first half is enough. - ### Networking - - **만약 당신이 네트워크에 대한 경험이 있거나 operations engineer 또는 믿음직한 엔지니어가 되고 싶다면 받을 수 있는 질문들** - - 즉, 알면 좋은 것들이다. - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) - - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) - - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) - - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) - - [ ] [HTTP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) - - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) - - [ ] [SSL/TLS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) - - [ ] [HTTP 2.0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) - - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) - - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) - - [ ] 소켓: - - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) - - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) - -
+ - **만약 당신이 네트워크에 대한 경험이 있거나 operations engineer 또는 믿음직한 엔지니어가 되고 싶다면 받을 수 있는 질문들** + - 즉, 알면 좋은 것들이다. + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) + - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] 소켓: + - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) ## 시스템 디자인, 확장성, 데이터 핸들링 -
-System Design, Scalability, Data Handling - - **4년 이상의 경력자라면 이런 시스템 디자인 질문들을 받을 수 있다.** - Scalability and System Design are very large topics with many topics and resources, since there is a lot to consider when designing a software/hardware system that can scale. Expect to spend quite a bit of time on this. - 고려사항: - - scalability - - Distill large data sets to single values - - Transform one data set to another - - Handling obscenely large amounts of data - - system design - - features sets - - interfaces - - class hierarchies - - designing a system under certain constraints - - simplicity and robustness - - tradeoffs - - performance analysis and optimization + - scalability + - Distill large data sets to single values + - Transform one data set to another + - Handling obscenely large amounts of data + - system design + - features sets + - interfaces + - class hierarchies + - designing a system under certain constraints + - simplicity and robustness + - tradeoffs + - performance analysis and optimization - [ ] **여기서 시작하세요**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) - [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) @@ -1308,74 +1222,73 @@ Skiena의 책(아래의 책 섹션 참조)과 인터뷰 책에서 더 많은 그 - [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) - [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) - [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) -- [ ] Paxos Consensus algorithm: - - [short video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) - - [extended video with use case and multi-paxos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEpsBg0AO6o) - - [paper](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf) +- [ ] Consensus Algorithms: + - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + - [ ] [Easy-to-read paper](https://raft.github.io/) + - [ ] [Infographic](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) - [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) - [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) - [ ] Scalability: - - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) - - [ ] Short series: - - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) - - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) - - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) - - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) - - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) - - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) - - [ ] [Pragmatic Programming Techniques](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) - - [extra: Google Pregel Graph Processing](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) - - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) - - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) - - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) - - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) - - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) - - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) - - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2009)](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Scale-at-Facebook) - - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) - - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) - - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) - - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) - - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) - - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) - - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) - - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) - - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) - - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Get In The Queue](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) - - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) - - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) - - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) - - [ ] [Egnyte Architecture: Lessons Learned In Building And Scaling A Multi Petabyte Distributed System](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html) - - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) - - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) - - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) - - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) - - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) - - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) - - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) - - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) - - [ ] [Does AMP Counter An Existential Threat To Google?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/14/does-amp-counter-an-existential-threat-to-google.html) - - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) - - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) - - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) - - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) - - [ ] [Cinchcast Architecture - Producing 1,500 Hours Of Audio Every Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) - - [ ] [Justin.Tv's Live Video Broadcasting Architecture](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) - - [ ] [Playfish's Social Gaming Architecture - 50 Million Monthly Users And Growing](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) - - [ ] [TripAdvisor Architecture - 40M Visitors, 200M Dynamic Page Views, 30TB Data](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) - - [ ] [PlentyOfFish Architecture](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) - - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) - - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) - - [ ] See "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" way below for info on some of the technologies that can glue services together - - [ ] Twitter: - - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) - - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) - - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [Video Series](#video-series) section. + - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] Short series: + - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) + - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + - [ ] [Pragmatic Programming Techniques](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) + - [extra: Google Pregel Graph Processing](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) + - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) + - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) + - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2009)](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Scale-at-Facebook) + - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) + - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) + - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) + - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) + - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) + - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Get In The Queue](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) + - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) + - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) + - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) + - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) + - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) + - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) + - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) + - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) + - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) + - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) + - [ ] [Cinchcast Architecture - Producing 1,500 Hours Of Audio Every Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) + - [ ] [Justin.Tv's Live Video Broadcasting Architecture](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) + - [ ] [Playfish's Social Gaming Architecture - 50 Million Monthly Users And Growing](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) + - [ ] [TripAdvisor Architecture - 40M Visitors, 200M Dynamic Page Views, 30TB Data](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) + - [ ] [PlentyOfFish Architecture](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) + - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) + - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + - [ ] See "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" way below for info on some of the technologies that can glue services together + - [ ] Twitter: + - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) + - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [Video Series](#video-series) section. - [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: - - review: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) - - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - - flow: + - review: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - flow: 1. Understand the problem and scope: - define the use cases, with interviewer's help - suggest additional features @@ -1394,49 +1307,40 @@ Skiena의 책(아래의 책 섹션 참조)과 인터뷰 책에서 더 많은 그 - infrastructure: load balancing, messaging - rough overview of any key algorithm that drives the service - consider bottlenecks and determine solutions - - Exercises: - - [Design a CDN network: old article](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) - - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) - - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) - - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) - - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) - - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) - - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) - - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) - -
+ - Exercises: + - [Design a CDN network: old article](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) + - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) + - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) + - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) + - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) --- ## 최종 검토 -
-Final Review - 이 섹션에는 중요한 개념들을 빠르게 검토할 수 있는 짧은 영상들이 포함되어 있다. 복습을 하고자 한다면, 이 영상들이 도움이 될 것이다. - [ ] 2-3분 분량의 주제별 짧은 영상 시리즈 (23 videos) - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) - [ ] 2-5분 분량의 주제별 짧은 영상 시리즈 - Michael Sambol (18 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) - [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) -
- --- ## 코딩 문제 연습 -
-Coding Question Practice - 이제 당신은 위의 컴퓨터 과학 주제들을 모두 알고 있으므로, 코딩 문제에 답하는 것을 연습할 차례이다. **코딩 문제 연습은 프로그래밍 문제에 대한 답을 외우는 것이 아니다.** 당신에게 프로그래밍 문제를 푸는 연습이 필요한 이유: + - 문제 인식, 그리고 어떤 자료구조와 알고리즘이 언제 필요한지 - 문제의 조건을 모으기 - 인터뷰를 하듯 당신이 문제를 푸는 과정을 말하기 @@ -1450,7 +1354,7 @@ Skiena의 책(아래의 책 섹션 참조)과 인터뷰 책에서 더 많은 그 소파에 앉아서 연습할 수 있다. 이 것은 내 "소파 화이트보드"이다. 크기 비교를 위해 사진에 펜을 추가하였다. 펜을 쓰면, 곧 지우고 싶어질 것이다. 금방 지저분해 진다. -![my sofa whiteboard](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/art_board_sm_2-1476233630368.jpg) +![my sofa whiteboard](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/880d361d19c21cf62d49846283c2742890b53905/68747470733a2f2f64336a32706b6d6a74696e366f752e636c6f756466726f6e742e6e65742f6172745f626f6172645f736d5f322e6a7067) 보충: @@ -1462,19 +1366,14 @@ Skiena의 책(아래의 책 섹션 참조)과 인터뷰 책에서 더 많은 그 **읽고 프로그래밍 문제 풀기 (순서대로):** - [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) - - C, C++, Java로 답변 + - C, C++, Java로 답변 - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - Java로 답변 + - Java로 답변 [위의 도서 목록](#도서-목록)을 보세요. -
- ## 코딩 연습/도전 -
-Coding Question Practice - 공부하는 게 머리에 잘 안 들어올 때, 한번 해보세요. 가능한 한 매일 코딩 챌린지를 하는겁니다. @@ -1482,44 +1381,57 @@ Skiena의 책(아래의 책 섹션 참조)과 인터뷰 책에서 더 많은 그 - [ ] [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) 코딩 인터뷰 질문들 영상: + - [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) - [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) +- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 Videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - Good explanations of solution and the code. + - You can watch several in a short time. +- [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) Challenge sites: + - [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) -- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) -- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) -- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) -- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) + - My favorite coding problem site. It's worth the subscription money for the 1-2 months you'll likely be preparing. + - [LeetCode solutions from FisherCoder](https://github.com/fishercoder1534/Leetcode) + - See Nick White Videos above for short code-throughs - [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) -- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) - [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) - [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) +- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) +- [Code Exercises](https://code-exercises.com) + +Language-learning sites, with challenges: + +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) - [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) - [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) Challenge repos: + - [Interactive Coding Interview Challenges in Python](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) 모의 면접: + - [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - I used this and it helped me relax for the phone screen and on-site interview. - [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - peer-to-peer model of practice interviews - [Refdash: Mock interviews and expedited interviews](https://refdash.com/) - also help candidates fast track by skipping multiple interviews with tech companies. +- [interviewing.io: Practice mock interview with senior engineers](https://interviewing.io) - anonymous algorithmic/systems design interviews with senior engineers from FAANG anonymously. -
- -## 인터뷰가 얼마 남지 않았을 때 +## 면접이 얼마 남지 않았을 때 - [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (videos): - - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) - - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) + - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) + - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) ## 이력서 - See Resume prep items in Cracking The Coding Interview and back of Programming Interviews Exposed - ## 인터뷰가 다가오면 생각해보기 아래의 아이템들에 따른 너가 받을 20개의 인터뷰 질문에 대해 생각하라. 각각 2-3개의 대답을 준비해라. @@ -1551,6 +1463,7 @@ Challenge repos: - 지금은 어떤 일을 하고 계신가요? - What do you like about it? - 어떤 Work life를 생각하시나요? +- 워라밸은 어떤게 좋나요? ## 취직했다면 @@ -1576,232 +1489,268 @@ Challenge repos: ## Additional Books -
-Additional Books + 아래는 당신이 흥미로워하는 주제에 대해 공부할 수 있는 자료들입니다. - [ ] [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) - - an oldie but a goodie + - an oldie but a goodie - [ ] [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) - - a modern option + - a modern option - [ ] [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) - - a gentle introduction to design patterns + - a gentle introduction to design patterns - [ ] [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) - - aka the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF - - the canonical design patterns book + - aka the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF + - the canonical design patterns book - [ ] [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 5th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0134277554/) +- [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - As a review and problem recognition + - The algorithm catalog portion is well beyond the scope of difficulty you'll get in an interview. + - This book has 2 parts: + - class textbook on data structures and algorithms + - pros: + - is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be + - nice stories from his experiences solving problems in industry and academia + - code examples in C + - cons: + - can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects + - chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have + - don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material. + - algorithm catalog: + - this is the real reason you buy this book. + - about to get to this part. Will update here once I've made my way through it. + - Can rent it on kindle + - Answers: + - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +- [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - The book was published in 2004, and is somewhat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief. + - The author invented [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly), so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like. + - These chapters are worth the read to give you a nice foundation: + - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation + - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations + - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation + - Chapter 5 - Character Representation + - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access + - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects + - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture + - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture + - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization +- [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) + - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently. + - aka CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game -
+- [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + - For a richer, more up-to-date (2017), but longer treatment + +- [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + - The first couple of chapters present clever solutions to programming problems (some very old using data tape) but + that is just an intro. This a guidebook on program design and architecture. ## Additional Learning -
-Additional Learning - -These topics will likely not come up in an interview, but I added them to help you become a well-rounded -software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so you'll have a bigger toolbox. + 두루 갖춘 소프트웨어 엔지니어가 되는데 도움이 될만한 것들을 추가했습니다. 이를 통해 더 큰 도구들을 다루실 수 있게 되실 겁니다. - ### Compilers - - [ ] [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) - - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) - - [ ] [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) - - [ ] [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) + - [ ] [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [ ] [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [ ] [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) - ### Emacs and vi(m) - - Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor - - vi(m): - - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) - - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) - - set of 4 videos: - - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) - - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) - - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) - - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) - - [Using Vi Instead of Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) - - emacs: - - [Basics Emacs Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) - - set of 3 (videos): - - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) - - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) - - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) - - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) - - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) - - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) + - Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor + - vi(m): + - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) + - set of 4 videos: + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) + - [Using Vi Instead of Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) + - emacs: + - [Basics Emacs Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) + - set of 3 (videos): + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) + - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) + - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) + - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) - ### Unix command line tools - - I filled in the list below from good tools. - - [ ] bash - - [ ] cat - - [ ] grep - - [ ] sed - - [ ] awk - - [ ] curl or wget - - [ ] sort - - [ ] tr - - [ ] uniq - - [ ] [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) - - [ ] [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + - I filled in the list below from good tools. + - bash + - cat + - grep + - sed + - awk + - curl or wget + - sort + - tr + - uniq + - [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) - ### Information theory (videos) - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) - - [ ] more about Markov processes: - - [ ] [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) - - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below. + - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - More about Markov processes: + - [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below. - ### Parity & Hamming Code (videos) - - [ ] [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) - - [ ] [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) - - [ ] Hamming Code: - - [Error detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) - - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) - - [ ] [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + - [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - Hamming Code: + - [Error detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) + - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) + - [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) - ### Entropy - - also see videos below - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + - also see videos below + - make sure to watch information theory videos first + - [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) - ### Cryptography - - also see videos below - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) - - [ ] [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) - - [ ] [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - also see videos below + - make sure to watch information theory videos first + - [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - ### Compression - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] Computerphile (videos): - - [ ] [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) - - [ ] [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) - - [ ] [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) - - [ ] [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) - - [ ] [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) - - [ ] [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) - - [ ] [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) - - [ ] [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) + - make sure to watch information theory videos first + - Computerphile (videos): + - [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) - ### Computer Security - - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) - - [ ] [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) - - [ ] [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) - - [ ] [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - ### Garbage collection - - [ ] [Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) - - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) - - [ ] [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) + - [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) - ### Parallel Programming - - [ ] [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) - - [ ] [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + - [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) - ### Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems - - [ ] [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) - - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) - - [ ] [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) - - [Tutorials](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) - - [ ] [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) - - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) - - [ ] [Redis](http://redis.io/) - - [Tutorial](http://try.redis.io/) - - [ ] [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) - - [ ] [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) - - [ ] [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) - - [Get Started](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) - - [ ] [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) - - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) - - [ ] [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) - - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) - - [ ] [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) - - [ ] [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) - - [ ] [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) - - [ ] [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + - [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) + - [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [Tutorials](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) + - [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) + - [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [Tutorial](http://try.redis.io/) + - [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [Get Started](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) + - [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) + - [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) + - [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) - ### A* - - [ ] [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) - - [ ] [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) - - [ ] [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) + - [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) - ### Fast Fourier Transform - - [ ] [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) - - [ ] [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) - - [ ] [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) - - [ ] [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + - [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) - ### Bloom Filter - - Given a Bloom filter with m bits and k hashing functions, both insertion and membership testing are O(k) - - [Bloom Filters](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) - - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) - - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) - - [How To Write A Bloom Filter App](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) + - Given a Bloom filter with m bits and k hashing functions, both insertion and membership testing are O(k) + - [Bloom Filters](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) + - [How To Write A Bloom Filter App](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) - ### HyperLogLog - - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) + - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) - ### Locality-Sensitive Hashing - - used to determine the similarity of documents - - the opposite of MD5 or SHA which are used to determine if 2 documents/strings are exactly the same. - - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) + - used to determine the similarity of documents + - the opposite of MD5 or SHA which are used to determine if 2 documents/strings are exactly the same. + - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) - ### van Emde Boas Trees - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) - - [ ] [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + - [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) - ### Augmented Data Structures - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) + - [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) - ### Balanced search trees - - Know at least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented): - - "Among balanced search trees, AVL and 2/3 trees are now passé, and red-black trees seem to be more popular. + - 적어도 하나의 타입의 균형 이진 트리에 대하여 알고 계시는 게 좋습니다 (그리고 어떻게 적용되는지까지요): + - "Among balanced search trees, AVL and 2/3 trees are now passé, and red-black trees seem to be more popular. A particularly interesting self-organizing data structure is the splay tree, which uses rotations to move any accessed key to the root." - Skiena - - Of these, I chose to implement a splay tree. From what I've read, you won't implement a + - Of these, I chose to implement a splay tree. From what I've read, you won't implement a balanced search tree in your interview. But I wanted exposure to coding one up and let's face it, splay trees are the bee's knees. I did read a lot of red-black tree code. - - splay tree: insert, search, delete functions + - splay tree: insert, search, delete functions If you end up implementing red/black tree try just these: - - search and insertion functions, skipping delete - - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets. - - [ ] [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + - search and insertion functions, skipping delete + - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets. + - [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) - - [ ] **AVL trees** - - In practice: + - **AVL trees** + - In practice: From what I can tell, these aren't used much in practice, but I could see where they would be: The AVL tree is another structure supporting O(log n) search, insertion, and removal. It is more rigidly balanced than red–black trees, leading to slower insertion and removal but faster retrieval. This makes it attractive for data structures that may be built once and loaded without reconstruction, such as language dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter). - - [ ] [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) - - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) - - [ ] **Splay trees** - - In practice: + - **Splay trees** + - In practice: Splay trees are typically used in the implementation of caches, memory allocators, routers, garbage collectors, data compression, ropes (replacement of string used for long text strings), in Windows NT (in the virtual memory, networking and file system code) etc. - - [ ] [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) - - [ ] MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: - - Gets very mathy, but watch the last 10 minutes for sure. - - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) + - [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) + - MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: + - Gets very mathy, but watch the last 10 minutes for sure. + - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) - - [ ] **Red/black trees** - - these are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below) - - In practice: + - **Red/black trees** + - these are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below) + - In practice: Red–black trees offer worst-case guarantees for insertion time, deletion time, and search time. Not only does this make them valuable in time-sensitive applications such as real-time applications, but it makes them valuable building blocks in other data structures which provide worst-case guarantees; @@ -1809,279 +1758,308 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo the Completely Fair Scheduler used in current Linux kernels uses red–black trees. In the version 8 of Java, the Collection HashMap has been modified such that instead of using a LinkedList to store identical elements with poor hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used. - - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) - - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - - [ ] [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) - - [ ] **2-3 search trees** - - In practice: + - **2-3 search trees** + - In practice: 2-3 trees have faster inserts at the expense of slower searches (since height is more compared to AVL trees). - - You would use 2-3 tree very rarely because its implementation involves different types of nodes. Instead, people use Red Black trees. - - [ ] [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) - - [ ] [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - You would use 2-3 tree very rarely because its implementation involves different types of nodes. Instead, people use Red Black trees. + - [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** - - In practice: + - **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** + - In practice: For every 2-4 tree, there are corresponding red–black trees with data elements in the same order. The insertion and deletion operations on 2-4 trees are also equivalent to color-flipping and rotations in red–black trees. This makes 2-4 trees an important tool for understanding the logic behind red–black trees, and this is why many introductory algorithm texts introduce 2-4 trees just before red–black trees, even though **2-4 trees are not often used in practice**. - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) - - [ ] [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + - [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) + - [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) - - [ ] **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** - - note: the N or K is the branching factor (max branches) - - binary trees are a 2-ary tree, with branching factor = 2 - - 2-3 trees are 3-ary - - [ ] [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + - **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** + - note: the N or K is the branching factor (max branches) + - binary trees are a 2-ary tree, with branching factor = 2 + - 2-3 trees are 3-ary + - [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) - - [ ] **B-Trees** - - fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor) - - In Practice: - B-Trees are widely used in databases. Most modern filesystems use B-trees (or Variants). In addition to - its use in databases, the B-tree is also used in filesystems to allow quick random access to an arbitrary - block in a particular file. The basic problem is turning the file block i address into a disk block - (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address. - - [ ] [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) - - [ ] [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) - - [ ] [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - **B-Trees** + - 재밌는 사실: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor) + - In Practice: + B-트리는 데이터베이스에 광범위하게 사용됩니다. 가장 현대적인 파일시스템은 B-트리를 씁니다 (or Variants). + 데이터베이스에 사용될 뿐만 아니라, B-트리는 특정한 파일의 임의의 블록에 '빠른 무작위 탐색'을 가능하게 합니다. + 기본적인 문제는 파일블록 주소 i를 하나의 디스크 블록(또는 아마도 실린더-헤드-섹터) 주소로 바꾸는 것입니다. + - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) - - ### k-D Trees - - great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object - - a good fit for k-nearest neighbors - - [ ] [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) - - [ ] [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + - great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object + - a good fit for k-nearest neighbors + - [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) - ### Skip lists - - "These are somewhat of a cult data structure" - Skiena - - [ ] [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + - "These are somewhat of a cult data structure" - Skiena + - [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) - ### Network Flows - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - - [ ] [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + - [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) + - [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) - ### Disjoint Sets & Union Find - - [ ] [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) - - [ ] [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) + - [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) + - [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) - ### Math for Fast Processing - - [ ] [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + - [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) - ### Treap - - Combination of a binary search tree and a heap - - [ ] [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) - - [ ] [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) - - [ ] [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + - Combination of a binary search tree and a heap + - [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) - ### Linear Programming (videos) - - [ ] [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) - - [ ] [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) - - [ ] [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) - - [ ] [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) + - [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) - ### Geometry, Convex hull (videos) - - [ ] [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) - - [ ] [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + - [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) -- ### Discrete math - - 아래에 있는 영상을 확인하세요. +- ### 이산수학 + - 아래에 있는 영상을 확인하세요. -- ### Machine Learning - - [ ] Why ML? - - [ ] [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) - - [ ] [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) - - [ ] [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) - - [ ] [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) - - [ ] [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) - - [ ] [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) - - [ ] [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) - - [ ] [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) - - Courses: - - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) +- ### 기계학습 + - 왜 기계학습이 중요하죠? + - [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + - [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + - [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + - [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + - [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + - [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) + - [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + - 강의들: + - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) - [videos only](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) - see videos 12-18 for a review of linear algebra (14 and 15 are duplicates) - - [Neural Networks for Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) - - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) - - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) - - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) - - [Metis Online Course ($99 for 2 months)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) - - Resources: - - Books: - - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) - - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) - - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) - - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) - - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ - -
+ - [Neural Networks for Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) + - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) + - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) + - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) + - [Metis Online Course ($99 for 2 months)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) + - 자료들: + - Books: + - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) + - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) + - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) + - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) + - Data School: --- ## 몇몇 주제에 대한 세부사항 -
-Additional Detail on Some Subjects + 이미 언급한 몇몇의 개념에 대한 설명을 좀 더 보강하기 위해서 적었습니다. + 하지만 더하길 원하지 않았어요. 왜냐면 그 양이 너무나 방대하기 때문이지요. + 하나의 주제에 대하여 지나치게 깊게 파고드는 것은 쉬운 일입니다. + 이번 세기에 직장을 구하고 싶으시잖아요, 맞죠? - I added these to reinforce some ideas already presented above, but didn't want to include them - above because it's just too much. It's easy to overdo it on a subject. - You want to get hired in this century, right? +- **SOLID** + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use + - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. + - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) -- [ ] **Union-Find** - - [ ] [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) - - [ ] [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) - - [ ] [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) - - [ ] [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) - - [ ] [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) - - [ ] [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) +- **Union-Find** + - [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) -- [ ] **More Dynamic Programming** (videos) - - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) - - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) - - [ ] [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) - - [ ] [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) +- **More Dynamic Programming** (videos) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + - [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + - [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) -- [ ] **Advanced Graph Processing** (videos) - - [ ] [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) - - [ ] [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) +- **Advanced Graph Processing** (videos) + - [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) -- [ ] MIT **Probability** (mathy, and go slowly, which is good for mathy things) (videos): - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) +- MIT **Probability** (mathy, and go slowly, which is good for mathy things) (videos): + - [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) -- [ ] [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) +- [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) -- [ ] **문자열 매칭 - - [ ] 라빈-카프(Rabin-Karp) (동영상): - - [라빈 카프 알고리즘](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) - - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) - - [최적화: 구현과 분석](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) - - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) - - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) - - [ ] Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): - - [The Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) - - [ ] 보이어-무어(Boyer–Moore) 문자열 검색 알고리즘 - - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) - - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) - - [ ] [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) - - starts off great, but by the time it gets past KMP it gets more complicated than it needs to be - - 트라이(tries)에 대해서 잘 설명하고 있다. - - 이건 생략 가능 +- **문자열 매칭 + - 라빈-카프(Rabin-Karp) (동영상): + - [라빈 카프 알고리즘](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) + - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) + - [최적화: 구현과 분석](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) + - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) + - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) + - Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): + - [The Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) + - 보이어-무어(Boyer–Moore) 문자열 검색 알고리즘 + - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) + - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) + - [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - starts off great, but by the time it gets past KMP it gets more complicated than it needs to be + - 트라이(tries)에 대해서 잘 설명하고 있다. + - 이건 생략 가능 -- [ ] **정렬** +- **정렬** - - [ ] 스탠포드 대학의 정렬 강의들: - - [ ] [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): - - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) - - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) - - [ ] Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: - - [ ] [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) - -
+ - 스탠포드 대학의 정렬 강의들: + - [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: + - [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) ## Video Series 편하게 보세요. "Netflix and skill"이라니까요 :P -
-비디오 시리즈 +- [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) -- [ ] [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) +- [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) -- [ ] [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) +- [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) -- [ ] [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) +- [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) -- [ ] [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) +- [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) -- [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) +- [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) +- [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) +- CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) + - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) -- [ ] CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) - - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) +- [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) +- [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) -- [ ] [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) +- ~~[UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~ -- [ ] ~~[UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~ +- [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) -- [ ] [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) +- [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) -- [ ] [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) +- [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) -- [ ] [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) +- [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) -- [ ] [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) +- [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) -- [ ] [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) +- [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) -- [ ] [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) +- [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) -- [ ] [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) +- [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) -- [ ] [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) +- [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) -- [ ] [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) +- [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) -- [ ] [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) +- [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) -- [ ] [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) +- [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) +- [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) -- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=9D558D49CA734A02) +- [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) + - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) -- [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) - - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) +- [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) -- [ ] [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) - -- [ ] [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) - -
+- [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) ## 컴퓨터 과학 강의들 -
-Computer Science Courses - - [컴퓨터 과학 온라인 강의들](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) - [(많은 온라인 강의가 있는) 컴퓨터 과학 강의들](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) -
+## 학술 자료들 + +- [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) +- [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) +- [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - replaced by Colossus in 2012 +- [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow? +- [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) + - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) +- [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) +- [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) + - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution +- [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) +- [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) +- [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) +- [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) + - paper not available +- 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: + - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) +- 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: + - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) +- [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) +- [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +- [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +- [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) +- [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +- [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) ## 라이센스 diff --git a/translations/README-pl.md b/translations/README-pl.md index 604b620..06e4ead 100644 --- a/translations/README-pl.md +++ b/translations/README-pl.md @@ -1,154 +1,213 @@ -# Coding Interview University - Uniwersytet przygotowujący do rozmowy kwalifikacyjnej w Google +# Przygotowanie do rozmowy kwalifikacyjnej w Google - Coding Interview University -Oryginał (angielski): https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university - ->**Pierwotnie, to była mała lista rzeczy do nauki, ale urosła ona do dużych rozmiarów, jak to można dzisiaj zobaczyć. -Praca w Google była główną motywacją, stąd nazwa. [Nie dostałem się do Google'a](https://googleyasheck.com/i-didnt-get-hired-heres-why/), -ale nazwa pozostanie taka sama, bo zmiana mogła by zmylić wielu z was. Zagadnienia zawarte tutaj, przygotują was do pracy w każdej firmie, -wliczając w to gigantów: Amazon, Microsoft, Google i Facebook.** +> Pierwotnie stworzyłem ten projekt, jako krótką listę tematów do nauki, które warto poznać aby zostać Software Engineer, +> ale powiększył się do dużej listy, którą widzisz dzisiaj. Po przejściu przez ten plan studiów [zostałem zatrudniony +> jako Software Development Engineer w Amazon](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! +> Prawdopodobnie nie będziesz musiał uczyć się tak dużo jak ja. W każdym razie wszystko, czego potrzebujesz, jest tutaj. > ->*Powodzenia!* +> Przez kilka miesięcy uczyłem się około 8-12 godzin dziennie. Oto moja historia: [Dlaczego uczyłem się w pełnym wymiarze godzin przez 8 miesięcy na rozmowę w Google](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) +> +> Pozycje wymienione tutaj dobrze przygotują cię na wywiad techniczny w prawie każdej firmie zajmującej się wytwarzaniem oprogramowania, włączając w to takich gigantów jak: Amazon, Facebook, Google, and Microsoft. +> +> *Powodzenia!* + +
+Tłumaczenia: -Tłumaczenia: - [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) -- Niekompletne tłumaczenia: - - [Español](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/80) - - [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) - - [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) - - [Bahasa Indonesia](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) - - [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) - - [Vietnamese](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/92) - - [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) - - [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) - - [Russian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) - - [Ukrainian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) - - [Brazilian Portuguese](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/113) - - [Korean](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) - - [Polish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/122) +- [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md) +- [Español](translations/README-es.md) +- [Português Brasileiro](translations/README-ptbr.md) +- [Polish](https://github.com/mbiesiad/coding-interview-university/blob/master/translations/README-pl.md) +
+ +
+Tłumaczenia w trakcie: + +- [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +- [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) +- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) +- [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) +- [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) +- [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) +- [Russian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) +- [Ukrainian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) +- [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) +- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) +- [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +- [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) +- [Italian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) +- [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) +- [Japanese (日本語)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/257) + +
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## Co to jest? -Jest to mój wielomiesięczny program nauczania mający na celu awans z poziomu web developera (samouka, bez studiów informatycznych) -do poziomu inżyniera oprogramowania w Google. -![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) +To jest mój wielomiesięczny plan nauki od przejścia od programisty (samouka, bez dyplomu CS - informatyki) do inżyniera oprogramowania dla dużej firmy. -Znajdziesz tutaj wiele rzeczy związanych z Google, ale starałem się uogólnić tę listę, aby była przydatna dla każdego. +![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) -Ta długa lista została napisana na podstawie porad i wskazówek Google'a, więc znajdziesz tu rzeczy, które musisz wiedzieć. -Są tutaj też dodatkowe rzeczy, które dodałem na końcu, mogące pojawić się na rozmowie kwalifikacyjnej lub okazać się pomocne -w rozwiązywaniu problemów. Wiele pozycji jest z "[Get that job at Google](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)" od Steva Yegge i czasem są też przepisane słowo w słowo z notek Google'a. +Jest to przeznaczone dla **początkujących software engineers** lub tych przełączających się z software/web development na software engineering (gdzie wiedza z informatyki jest wymagana). Jeśli masz wieloletnie doświadczenie i stwierdziłeś, że masz wieloletnie doświadczenie w inżynierii oprogramowania, oczekuj trudniejszej rozmowy. -Wybrałem to co musisz wiedzieć spośród rzeczy zalecanych przez Yegge'a. Poprawiłem także listę wymagań podanych przez niego -na podstawie informacji, które otrzymałem od swojego kontaktu w Google. Projekt jest napisany z myślą o **początkujących inżynierach oprogramowania** -lub tych, którzy przerzucają się z oprogramowania/web-devu na inżynierę oprogramowania, gdzie informatyka (computer science) jest potrzebna. Jeżeli masz wiele lat doświadczenia, spodziewaj się trudniejszej rozmowy kwalifikacyjnej. -[Przeczytaj więcej tutaj (EN)](https://googleyasheck.com/what-you-need-to-know-for-your-google-interview-and-what-you-dont/). +Jeśli masz wieloletnie doświadczenie w tworzeniu oprogramowania/stron internetowych, pamiętaj, że duże firmy programistyczne, takie jak Google, Amazon, Facebook i Microsoft postrzegają inżynierię oprogramowania jako inną niż tworzenie oprogramowania / stron internetowych i wymagają wiedzy informatycznej. -Weź pod uwagę fakt, iz Google traktuje oprogramowanie/web-dev inaczej niż inżynierę oprogramowania -i wymagają szczegołowej wiedzy z zarkesu informatyki. - -Jeśli chcesz być inżynierem ds. niezawodności i bezpieczeństwa lub systemów, ucz się -więcej z dodatkowej listy (sieć, bezpieczeństwo). +Jeśli chcesz być inżynierem ds. niezawodności i bezpieczeństwa lub systemów, zapoznaj się z listą dodatkową (sieć, bezpieczeństwo). --- -## Table of Contents +## Spis treści - [Co to jest?](#co-to-jest) -- [Dlaczego?](#dlaczego) -- [Jak używać?](#jak-używać) -- [Don't feel you aren't smart enough](#dont-feel-you-arent-smart-enough) -- [About Video Resources](#about-video-resources) -- [Interview Process & General Interview Prep](#interview-process--general-interview-prep) -- [Pick One Language for the Interview](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview) -- [Book List](#book-list) -- [Before you Get Started](#before-you-get-started) -- [What you Won't See Covered](#what-you-wont-see-covered) -- [Prerequisite Knowledge](#prerequisite-knowledge) -- [The Daily Plan](#the-daily-plan) -- [Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis](#algorithmic-complexity--big-o--asymptotic-analysis) -- [Data Structures](#data-structures) +- [Dlaczego z tego korzystać?](#dlaczego-z-tego-korzystać) +- [Jak tego używać](#jak-tego-używać) +- [Nie uważaj, że jesteś niewystarczająco mądry](#nie-uważaj-że-jesteś-niewystarczająco-mądry) +- [Informacje o materiałach wideo](#informacje-o-materiałach-wideo) +- [Proces rozmowy i ogólne przygotowanie do rekrutacji](#proces-rozmowy-i-ogólne-przygotowanie-do-rekrutacji) +- [Wybierz jeden język do rozmowy kwalifikacyjnej](#wybierz-jeden-język-do-rozmowy-kwalifikacyjnej) +- [Lista książek](#lista-książek) +- [Zanim zaczniesz](#zanim-zaczniesz) +- [Czego tutaj nie zobaczysz](#czego-tutaj-nie-zobaczysz) +- [Wymagana wiedza](#wymagana-wiedza) +- [Plan dzienny](#plan-dzienny) +- [Złożoność algorytmiczna / Big-O / Analiza asymptotyczna](#złożoność-algorytmiczna--big-o--analiza-asymptotyczna) +- [Struktury danych](#struktury-danych) - [Arrays](#arrays) - - [Linked Lists](#linked-lists) - - [Stack](#stack) - - [Queue](#queue) - - [Hash table](#hash-table) -- [More Knowledge](#more-knowledge) + - [Listy łączone](#listy-łączone) + - [Stos](#stos) + - [Kolejka](#kolejka) + - [Hash table - tablica mieszająca](#hash-table--tablica-mieszająca) +- [Więcej wiedzy](#więcej-wiedzy) - [Binary search](#binary-search) - - [Bitwise operations](#bitwise-operations) -- [Trees](#trees) - - [Trees - Notes & Background](#trees---notes--background) - - [Binary search trees: BSTs](#binary-search-trees-bsts) - - [Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) + - [Operacje bitowe](#operacje-bitowe) +- [Drzewa](#drzewa) + - [Drzewa - uwagi & zarys](#trees---uwagi--zarys) + - [Binary search trees: BSTs - drzewa binarne](#binary-search-trees-bsts--drzewa-binarne) + - [Sterta / kolejka priorytetowa / sterta binarna](#sterta--kolejka-priorytetowa--sterta-binarna) - balanced search trees (general concept, not details) - traversals: preorder, inorder, postorder, BFS, DFS -- [Sorting](#sorting) - - selection - - insertion - - heapsort - - quicksort - - merge sort -- [Graphs](#graphs) - - directed - - undirected - - adjacency matrix - - adjacency list +- [Sortowanie](#sortowanie) + - selection (sortowanie przez wybieranie) + - insertion (sortowanie przez wstawianie) + - heapsort (sortowanie przez kopcowanie) + - quicksort (sortowanie szybkie) + - merge sort (sortowanie przez scalanie) +- [Grafy](#grafy) + - skierowany + - nieskierowany + - macierz sąsiedztwa + - lista sąsiedztwa - traversals: BFS, DFS -- [Even More Knowledge](#even-more-knowledge) - - [Recursion](#recursion) - - [Dynamic Programming](#dynamic-programming) - - [Object-Oriented Programming](#object-oriented-programming) - - [Design Patterns](#design-patterns) - - [Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) +- [Znów więcej wiedzy](#znów-więcej-wiedzy) + - [Rekursja](#rekursja) + - [Programowanie dynamiczne](#programowanie-dynamiczne) + - [Object-Oriented Programming - programowanie obiektowe](#object-oriented-programming--programowanie-obiektowe) + - [wzorce-projektowe](#wzorce-projektowe) + - [Kombinatoryka (n choose k) & probabilistyka](#kombinatoryka-n-choose-k--probabilistyka) - [NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) - [Caches](#caches) - - [Processes and Threads](#processes-and-threads) - - [Papers](#papers) - - [Testing](#testing) + - [Procesy i wątki](#procesy-i-wątki) + - [Testowanie](#testowanie) - [Scheduling](#scheduling) - - [Implement system routines](#implement-system-routines) - [String searching & manipulations](#string-searching--manipulations) -- [System Design, Scalability, Data Handling](#system-design-scalability-data-handling) (if you have 4+ years experience) -- [Final Review](#final-review) -- [Coding Question Practice](#coding-question-practice) -- [Coding exercises/challenges](#coding-exerciseschallenges) -- [Once you're closer to the interview](#once-youre-closer-to-the-interview) -- [Your Resume](#your-resume) -- [Be thinking of for when the interview comes](#be-thinking-of-for-when-the-interview-comes) -- [Have questions for the interviewer](#have-questions-for-the-interviewer) -- [Once You've Got The Job](#once-youve-got-the-job) - ----------------- Everything below this point is optional ---------------- - -- [Additional Books](#additional-books) -- [Additional Learning](#additional-learning) - - [Compilers](#compilers) + - [Tries](#tries) - [Floating Point Numbers](#floating-point-numbers) - [Unicode](#unicode) - [Endianness](#endianness) - - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) - - [Unix command line tools](#unix-command-line-tools) - - [Information theory](#information-theory) - - [Parity & Hamming Code](#parity--hamming-code) - - [Entropy](#entropy) - - [Cryptography](#cryptography) - - [Compression](#compression) - - [Networking](#networking) (if you have networking experience or want to be a systems engineer, expect questions) - - [Computer Security](#computer-security) - - [Garbage collection](#garbage-collection) + - [Networking](#networking) +- [Projektowanie systemu, skalowalność, przetwarzanie danych](#projektowanie-systemu-skalowalność-przetwarzanie-danych) (jeśli masz 4+ lat doświadczenia) +- [Końcowa rozmowa rekrutacyjna](#końcowa-rozmowa-rekrutacyjna) +- [Praktyka kodowania](#praktyka-kodowania) +- [Zadania/wyzwania programistyczne](#zadania-wyzwania-programistyczne) +- [Gdy już jesteś bliżej rozmowy rekrutacyjnej](#gdy-już-jesteś-bliżej-rozmowy-rekrutacyjnej) +- [Twoje CV](#twoje-cv) +- [Zastanów się, kiedy rozmowa kwalifikacyjna będzie nadchodzić](#zastanów-się-kiedy-rozmowa-kwalifikacyjna-będzie-nadchodzić) +- [Pytania dla rekrutera](#pytania-dla-rekrutera) +- [Gdy już zdobędziesz pracę](#gdy-już-zdobędziesz-pracę) + +---------------- Wszystko poniżej tego punktu jest nadprogramowe ---------------- + +## Dodatkowe materiały + +- [Dodatkowe książki](#dodatkowe-książki) +- [Dodatkowe materiały](#dodatkowe-materiały) + - [Kompilatory](#kompilatory) + - [Emacs oraz vi(m)](#emacs-oraz-vim) + - [Narzędzia wiersza poleceń systemu Unix](#narzędzia-wiersza-poleceń-systemu-unix) + - [Teoria informacji](#teoria-informacji-filmy) + - [Parity & Hamming Code](#parity--hamming-code-videos) + - [Entropia](#entropia) + - [Kryptografia](#kryptografia) + - [Kompresja](#kompresja) + - [Bezpieczeństwo komputerowe](#bezpieczeństwo-komputerowe) + - [Garbage collection - Odśmiecanie pamięci](#garbage-collection--odśmiecanie-pamięci) - [Parallel Programming](#parallel-programming) - [Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems) - - [Fast Fourier Transform](#fast-fourier-transform) - - [Bloom Filter](#bloom-filter) + - [A*](#a) + - [Szybka transformata Fouriera](#szybka-transformata-fouriera) + - [Filtr Blooma](#filtr-blooma) - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) - [van Emde Boas Trees](#van-emde-boas-trees) - [Augmented Data Structures](#augmented-data-structures) - - [Tries](#tries) - - [N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees](#n-ary-k-ary-m-ary-trees) - [Balanced search trees](#balanced-search-trees) - - AVL trees - - Splay trees - - Red/black trees + - drzewa AVL + - drzewa Splay + - drzewa czerwono-czarne - 2-3 search trees - 2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees) - N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees @@ -158,37 +217,36 @@ więcej z dodatkowej listy (sieć, bezpieczeństwo). - [Network Flows](#network-flows) - [Disjoint Sets & Union Find](#disjoint-sets--union-find) - [Math for Fast Processing](#math-for-fast-processing) - - [Treap](#treap) - - [Linear Programming](#linear-programming) - - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull) - - [Discrete math](#discrete-math) - - [Machine Learning](#machine-learning) - - [Go](#go) -- [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) -- [Video Series](#video-series) -- [Computer Science Courses](#computer-science-courses) + - [Sterta](#sterta) + - [Programowanie liniowe](#programowanie-liniowe) + - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull-videos) + - [Matematyka dyskretna](#matematyka-dyskretna) + - [Machine Learning - Uczenie maszynowe](#machine-learning--uczenie-maszynowe) +- [Dodatkowe szczegóły na niektóre tematy](#dodatkowe-szczegóły-na-niektóre-tematy) +- [Serie wideo](#serie-wideo) +- [Kursy Computer Science](#kursy-computer-science) +- [Literatura](#literatura) --- -## Dlaczego? +## Dlaczego z tego korzystać? -Kiedy zaczynałem ten projekt, nie odróżniałem stacka od heapu, nie wiedziałem o żadnej notacji "duże O", nic o drzewkach, -ani jak przeszukiwać graf. Gdybym miał napisać algorym sortujący, mówię Ci, byłby zły. Każda struktura danych, którą używałem -była wpudowana w język, kompletnie nie wiedziałem jak działają. Nigdy nie musiałem zarządzać pamięcią, dopóki proces nie wyrzucił -błędu o "braku pamięci". Używałem kilku wielowymiarowych tablic i tysięcy tablic asocjacyjnych w swoim życiu, ale nigdy -nie stworzyłem struktury od podstaw. +Kiedy rozpocząłem ten projekt, nie rozpoznawałem stosu (stack) od sterty (heap), nie znałem notacji dużego O (złożoności obliczeniowej algorytmów, asymptotycznego tempa wzrostu), nie wiedziałem nic o drzewach ani tego, jak przejść przez graf. Gdybym musiał kodować algorytm sortowania, mogę powiedzieć, że nie byłby zbyt dobry. +Wszystkie struktury danych, z którymi miałem kiedykolwiek do czynienia, były wbudowane w język i nie wiedziałem w ogóle, jak działają pod maską. Nigdy nie musiałem zarządzać pamięcią, chyba że uruchamiany przeze mnie proces wyrzuciłby błąd "out of +memory", a potem musiałbym znaleźć obejście. W swoim życiu użyłem kilku wielowymiarowych tablic i tysiące tablic asocjacyjnych, ale nigdy nie tworzyłem struktur danych od zera. -To długi plan. Może zająć Ci nawet kilka miesięcy. Jeśli jednak jesteś zaznajomiony z tymi rzeczami, zajmie Ci to o wiele mniej czasu. +To długi plan. Może on zająć miesiące. Jeśli jednak znasz już co nieco z tego, zajmie ci to znacznie mniej czasu. -## Jak używać? +## Jak tego używać -Wszystko co znajdziesz poniżej jest planem, powinieneś zaznaczać wpisy od góry do dołu. +Wszystko poniżej jest konspektem i powinieneś zajmować się tymi punktami w kolejności od góry do dołu. -Używam specjalniej, GitHubowej odmiany markdowna. +Używam specjalnej odmiany Markdown GitHub, w tym list zadań do sprawdzania postępów. -**Stwórz nową gałąź (branch), abyś mógł zaznaczać element stawiając x w nawiasie, tj. [x]** +**Utwórz nową gałąź (brancha), aby móc sprawdzać te pozycje, po prostu wstawiając x w nawiasach: [x]** - Zforkuj galąź i wpisz poniższe polecenia + + Fork a branch and follow the commands below `git checkout -b progress` @@ -196,346 +254,301 @@ Używam specjalniej, GitHubowej odmiany markdowna. `git fetch --all` - Zaznacz wszystkie pola X-em kiedy skończysz. + Mark all boxes with X after you completed your changes -`git add . ` +`git add .` -`git commit -m "Marked x" ` +`git commit -m "Marked x"` -`git rebase jwasham/master ` +`git rebase jwasham/main` -`git push --force ` +`git push --force` -[Więcej o markdownie na GitHubie](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) +[Więcej na temat Github-flavored markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) -## Don't feel you aren't smart enough -- Successful software engineers are smart, but many have an insecurity that they aren't smart enough. + +## Nie uważaj, że jesteś niewystarczająco mądry + +- Odnoszący sukcesy inżynierowie oprogramowania są mądrzy, ale wielu nie ma pewności siebie odnośnie tego, że nie są wystarczająco mądrzy. - [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) - [It's Dangerous to Go Alone: Battling the Invisible Monsters in Tech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) -## About Video Resources +## Informacje o materiałach wideo -Some videos are available only by enrolling in a Coursera, EdX, or Lynda.com class. These are called MOOCs. -Sometimes the classes are not in session so you have to wait a couple of months, so you have no access. Lynda.com courses are not free. +Niektóre filmy są dostępne tylko po zapisaniu się na kurs Coursera lub EdX. Są to tak zwane MOOC. +Czasami zajęcia nie są w sesji, więc musisz poczekać kilka miesięcy, więc wtedy nie masz dostępu. - I'd appreciate your help to add free and always-available public sources, such as YouTube videos to accompany the online course videos. - I like using university lectures. + Będę wdzięczny za pomoc w dodawaniu bezpłatnych i zawsze dostępnych źródeł publicznych, takich jak filmy z YouTube, które towarzyszą filmom z kursów online. + Lubię korzystać z wykładów uniwersyteckich. -## Interview Process & General Interview Prep +## Proces rozmowy i ogólne przygotowanie do rekrutacji - [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) - [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) - [ ] [Effective Whiteboarding during Programming Interviews](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) +- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4: + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) - [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) -- [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4: - - [ ] ['How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft' (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) - +- [ ] Cracking the Facebook Coding Interview + - [ ] [The Approach](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) + - [ ] [Problem Walkthrough](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) - [ ] Prep Course: - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): - - Learn how to make yourself ready for software engineer interviews from a former Google interviewer. + - Dowiedz się, jak przygotować się na rozmowę kwalifikacyjną na inżyniera oprogramowania od byłego rekrutera Google. + - [ ] [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - Kurs przygotowujący do rekrutacji skoncentrowanej na Pythonie, który obejmuje struktury danych, algorytmy, próbne zadania i wiele innych. + - [ ] [Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms using Python (Udacity free course)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): + - Darmowy kurs struktur i algorytmów skoncentrowanych na języku Python. + - [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms Nanodegree! (Udacity paid Nanodegree)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): + - Przećwicz praktyczne ćwiczenia z ponad 100 struktur danych i ćwiczeń algorytmicznych oraz wskazówek od dedykowanego mentora, aby pomóc Ci przygotować się na rozmowy kwalifikacyjne i scenariusze w miejscu pracy. -## Pick One Language for the Interview +## Wybierz jeden język do rozmowy kwalifikacyjnej -You can use a language you are comfortable in to do the coding part of the interview, but for large companies, these are solid choices: +Możesz użyć języka, w którym czujesz się komfortowo, aby wykonać część wywiadu dotyczącą programowania, ale w przypadku dużych firm są to solidne propozycje: - C++ - Java - Python -You could also use these, but read around first. There may be caveats: +Możesz ich również użyć, ale najpierw przeczytaj co nieco. Mogą istnieć zastrzeżenia: - JavaScript - Ruby -You need to be very comfortable in the language and be knowledgeable. +Oto artykuł, który napisałem o wyborze języka do rozmowy kwalifikacyjnej: [Wybierz jeden język do wywiadu kodującego](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/) -Read more about choices: +Musisz czuć się bardzo wygodnie w języku i posiadać z niego wiedzę. + +Przeczytaj więcej na temat wyborów tutaj: - http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ - http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ -[See language resources here](programming-language-resources.md) +[Zobacz materiały językowe tutaj](programming-language-resources.md) -You'll see some C, C++, and Python learning included below, because I'm learning. There are a few books involved, see the bottom. +Poniżej zobaczysz trochę uczenia się C, C ++ i Python, ponieważ uczę się. W grę wchodzi kilka książek, patrz na dole. -## Book List +## Lista książek -This is a shorter list than what I used. This is abbreviated to save you time. +To jest krótsza lista niż ta, której użyłem. Jest to skrócone, aby zaoszczędzić czas. -### Interview Prep +### Przygotowanie do rozmowy rekrutacyjnej -- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) - - answers in C++ and Java - - recommended in Google candidate coaching - - this is a good warm-up for Cracking the Coding Interview - - not too difficult, most problems may be easier than what you'll see in an interview (from what I've read) +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) + - odpowiedzi w C++ oraz Java + - to dobra rozgrzewka przed Cracking the Coding Interview + - nie jest zbyt trudne, większość problemów może być łatwiejsza niż to, co zobaczysz podczas rekrutacji (z tego, co przeczytałem) - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - answers in Java - - recommended on the [Google Careers site](https://www.google.com/about/careers/how-we-hire/interview/) + - odpowiedzi w Java -If you have tons of extra time: +### Jeśli masz mnóstwo dodatkowego czasu: -- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) - - all code is in C++, very good if you're looking to use C++ in your interview - - a good book on problem solving in general. +Wybierz jeden: -### Computer Architecture +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [ ] Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version) + - [book](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) -If short on time: +### Konkretny język -- [ ] [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) - - The book was published in 2004, and is somewhat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief. - - The author invented HLA, so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like. - - These chapters are worth the read to give you a nice foundation: - - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation - - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations - - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation - - Chapter 5 - Character Representation - - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access - - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects - - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture - - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture - - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization +**Musisz wybrać język do rozmowy kwalifikacyjnej (patrz powyżej).** -If you have more time (I want this book): +Oto moje rekomendacje według języka. Nie mam materiałów dla wszystkich języków. Miło widziane dodatki. -- [ ] [Computer Architecture, Fifth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/012383872X/) - - For a richer, more up-to-date (2011), but longer treatment +Jeśli zapoznasz się z jednym z nich, powinieneś mieć całą wiedzę na temat struktur danych i algorytmów, których potrzebujesz, aby zacząć robić problemy z kodowaniem. +**Możesz pominąć wszystkie wykłady wideo w tym projekcie**, chyba że chcesz recenzję. -### Language Specific - -**You need to choose a language for the interview (see above).** Here are my recommendations by language. I don't have resources for all languages. I welcome additions. - -If you read though one of these, you should have all the data structures and algorithms knowledge you'll need to start doing coding problems. -**You can skip all the video lectures in this project**, unless you'd like a review. - -[Additional language-specific resources here.](programming-language-resources.md) +[Dodatkowe materiały specyficzne dla języka tutaj.](programming-language-resources.md) ### C++ -I haven't read these two, but they are highly rated and written by Sedgewick. He's awesome. +Nie przeczytałem tych dwóch, ale są wysoko ocenione i napisane przez Sedgewicka. On jest wspaniały. - [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) - [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) -If you have a better recommendation for C++, please let me know. Looking for a comprehensive resource. +Jeśli masz lepszą rekomendację dla C++, daj mi znać. W poszukiwaniu wyczerpującego materiału. ### Java - [ ] [Algorithms (Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) - - videos with book content (and Sedgewick!): - - [Algorithms I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=2) - - [Algorithms II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=3&view=50&sort=dd) + - filmy z zawartością książek (i Sedgewick!) na coursera: + - [Algorytmy I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [Algorytmy II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) -OR: +LUB: - [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) - - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - used as optional text for CS intro course at UC Berkeley - - see my book report on the Python version below. This book covers the same topics. + - od Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - używany jako opcjonalny tekst dla kursu wprowadzającego dla informatyki na UC Berkeley + - zobacz moją recenzję książki na temat wersji Python poniżej. Ta książka obejmuje te same tematy. ### Python - [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) - - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - I loved this book. It covered everything and more. - - Pythonic code - - my glowing book report: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ + - od Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - Uwielbiam tę książkę. Obejmowała wszystko i więcej. + - kod Pythona + - moja entuzjastyczna recenzja: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ -### Optional Books +## Zanim zaczniesz -**Some people recommend these, but I think it's going overboard, unless you have many years of software engineering experience and expect a much harder interview:** +Ta lista rosła przez wiele miesięcy i tak, wymknęła się spod kontroli. -- [ ] [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) - - As a review and problem recognition - - The algorithm catalog portion is well beyond the scope of difficulty you'll get in an interview. - - This book has 2 parts: - - class textbook on data structures and algorithms - - pros: - - is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be - - nice stories from his experiences solving problems in industry and academia - - code examples in C - - cons: - - can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects - - chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have - - don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material. - - algorithm catalog: - - this is the real reason you buy this book. - - about to get to this part. Will update here once I've made my way through it. - - To quote Yegge: "More than any other book it helped me understand just how astonishingly commonplace - (and important) graph problems are – they should be part of every working programmer's toolkit. The book also - covers basic data structures and sorting algorithms, which is a nice bonus. But the gold mine is the second half - of the book, which is a sort of encyclopedia of 1-pagers on zillions of useful problems and various ways to solve - them, without too much detail. Almost every 1-pager has a simple picture, making it easy to remember. This is a - great way to learn how to identify hundreds of problem types." - - Can rent it on kindle - - Half.com is a great resource for textbooks at good prices. - - Answers: - - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) - - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) - - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +Oto kilka błędów, które popełniłem, rzuć okiem - dzięki temu będziesz mieć lepsze odczucia. -- [ ] [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) - - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently. - - To quote Yegge: "But if you want to come into your interviews *prepped*, then consider deferring your application until you've made your way through that book." - - Half.com is a great resource for textbooks at good prices. - - aka CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game +### 1. Nie zapamiętasz tego wszystkiego -- [ ] [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) - - The first couple of chapters present clever solutions to programming problems (some very old using data tape) but - that is just an intro. This a guidebook on program design and architecture, much like Code Complete, but much shorter. +Oglądałem godziny filmów i robiłem obszerne notatki, a miesiące później wiele nie pamiętałem. Spędziłem 3 dni +na moje notatki i tworzenie fiszek, abym mógł je przejrzeć. -- ~~"Algorithms and Programming: Problems and Solutions" by Shen~~ - - A fine book, but after working through problems on several pages I got frustrated with the Pascal, do while loops, 1-indexed arrays, and unclear post-condition satisfaction results. - - Would rather spend time on coding problems from another book or online coding problems. +Przeczytaj proszę, żebyś nie popełnił moich błędów: +[Utrzymanie wiedzy informatycznej](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/). -## Before you Get Started +Kurs zalecany mi (jeszcze go nie zacząłem): [Naucz się, jak się uczyć](https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn) -This list grew over many months, and yes, it kind of got out of hand. +### 2. Użyj Flashcards -Here are some mistakes I made so you'll have a better experience. +Aby rozwiązać problem, stworzyłem małą stronę z fiszkami (flashcards), w której mogłem dodać fiszki 2 typów: ogólne i kod. +Każda karta ma inne formatowanie. -### 1. You Won't Remember it All +Stworzyłem witrynę mobilną, aby móc przeglądać na moim telefonie i tablecie, gdziekolwiek jestem. -I watched hours of videos and took copious notes, and months later there was much I didn't remember. I spent 3 days going -through my notes and making flashcards so I could review. - -Read please so you won't make my mistakes: - -[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://googleyasheck.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) - -### 2. Use Flashcards - -To solve the problem, I made a little flashcards site where I could add flashcards of 2 types: general and code. -Each card has different formatting. - -I made a mobile-first website so I could review on my phone and tablet, wherever I am. - -Make your own for free: +Stwórz własną za darmo: - [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): -- [My flash cards database (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): +- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [My flash cards database (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): -Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required. +Pamiętaj, że poszedłem ostro i mam karty obejmujące wszystko, od języka asemblera i ciekawostek Python po uczenie maszynowe i statystyki. To o wiele za dużo na to, w stosunku do tego co jest wymagane. -**Note on flashcards:** The first time you recognize you know the answer, don't mark it as known. You have to see the -same card and answer it several times correctly before you really know it. Repetition will put that knowledge deeper in -your brain. +**Uwaga odnośnie fiszek:** Gdy rozpoznasz odpowiedź po raz pierwszy, nie oznaczaj jej jako znanej. Musisz zobaczyć +tę samą kartę i odpowiedzieć kilka razy poprawnie, zanim się nauczysz porzadnie. Powtarzanie pogłębi tę wiedzę. -An alternative to using my flashcard site is [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), which has been recommended to me numerous times. It uses a repetition system to help you remember. -It's user-friendly, available on all platforms and has a cloud sync system. It costs $25 on iOS but is free on other platforms. +Alternatywą dla korzystania z mojej strony z kartami jest [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), która była mi polecana wiele razy. Używa systemu powtarzania, aby pomóc Ci zapamiętać. +Jest przyjazna dla użytkownika, dostępna na wszystkich platformach i ma system synchronizacji w chmurze. Kosztuje $25 na iOS ale jest darmowa na innych platformach. -My flashcard database in Anki format: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) +Moja baza danych fiszekw formacie Anki: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (dzięki [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) -### 3. Review, review, review +### 3. Zacznij robić pytania programistyczne do rozmowy kwalifikacyjnej, ucząc się struktur danych i algorytmów -I keep a set of cheat sheets on ASCII, OSI stack, Big-O notations, and more. I study them when I have some spare time. +Musisz zastosować zdobytą wiedzę do rozwiązywania problemów, inaczej zapomnisz. Popełniłem ten błąd. Gdy nauczysz się tematu, +aby czuć się z tym komfortowo, np. listy powiązane - otwórz jedną z książek o rekrutacji IT i zrób kilka pytań dotyczących list powiązanych (linked lists). Następnie przejdź do następnego tematu do nauki. Potem wróć i zrób kolejne zadanie z listą powiązaną, problem z rekurencją lub cokolwiek innego. Ale rób zadania podczas nauki. Nie jesteś zatrudniony do wiedzy, +ale do tego jak zastosować wiedzę. Polecam kilka książek i stron. +Zobacz tutaj, aby uzyskać więcej informacji: [Praktyczne pytania programistyczne](#praktyczne-pytania-programistyczne) -Take a break from programming problems for a half hour and go through your flashcards. +### 4. Przeglądaj, przeglądaj, przeglądaj -### 4. Focus +Trzymam zestaw ściąg na ASCII, stos OSI, notacje Big-O i inne. Przeglądam je, kiedy mam trochę wolnego czasu. -There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concentration are hard. +Zrób sobie przerwę od problemów programistycznych na pół godziny i przejrzyj swoje fiszki. -## What you won't see covered +### 5. Skupienie -This big list all started as a personal to-do list made from Google interview coaching notes. These are prevalent -technologies but were not mentioned in those notes: +Istnieje wiele czynników, które mogą zająć cenny czas. Skupienie i koncentracja są trudne. Włącz muzykę bez słów, a będziesz w stanie całkiem dobrze się skupić. + +## Czego tutaj nie zobaczysz + +Są to dominujące technologie, ale nie są częścią tego planu nauki: - SQL - Javascript -- HTML, CSS, and other front-end technologies +- HTML, CSS, oraz inne technologie frontend -## The Daily Plan +## Plan dzienny -Some subjects take one day, and some will take multiple days. Some are just learning with nothing to implement. +Niektóre przedmioty zajmą jeden dzień, a inne kilka dni. Niektórzy dopiero się uczą nie mając nic do zaimplementowania. -Each day I take one subject from the list below, watch videos about that subject, and write an implementation in: -- C - using structs and functions that take a struct * and something else as args. -- C++ - without using built-in types -- C++ - using built-in types, like STL's std::list for a linked list -- Python - using built-in types (to keep practicing Python) -- and write tests to ensure I'm doing it right, sometimes just using simple assert() statements -- You may do Java or something else, this is just my thing. +Każdego dnia biorę jeden temat z poniższej listy, oglądam filmy na ten temat i piszę implementację w: +- C - używając struktur i funkcji, które mają * i coś jeszcze jako args. +- C++ - bez używania wbudowanych typów +- C++ - używając wbudowanych typów, takich jak z STL np. std::list dla linked list +- Python - używając wbudowanych typów (aby ćwiczyć Python) +- i piszę testy, aby upewnić się, że robię to dobrze, czasem używając prostych instrukcji assert() +- Możesz tak robić z Java lub czymś innym, to po prostu moje podejście. -You don't need all these. You need only [one language for the interview](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview). +Nie potrzebujesz tych wszystkich. Do rozmowy potrzebny jest tylko [jeden język](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview). -Why code in all of these? -- Practice, practice, practice, until I'm sick of it, and can do it with no problem (some have many edge cases and bookkeeping details to remember) -- Work within the raw constraints (allocating/freeing memory without help of garbage collection (except Python)) -- Make use of built-in types so I have experience using the built-in tools for real-world use (not going to write my own linked list implementation in production) +Po co kodować w tych wszystkich? +- Ćwiczenia, ćwiczenia, ćwiczenia, dopóki nie mam tego dość, i mogę to zrobić bez problemu (niektórzy mają wiele skrajnych przypadków i szczegółów księżek do zapamiętania) +- Praca w ramach surowych ograniczeń (przydzielanie / zwalnianie pamięci bez pomocy odśmiecania (z wyjątkiem Pythona lub Java)) +- Korzystam z wbudowanych typów, więc mam doświadczenie w korzystaniu z wbudowanych narzędzi do użytku w świecie rzeczywistym (nie zamierzam pisać własnej implementacji list powiązanych na produkcji) -I may not have time to do all of these for every subject, but I'll try. +Może nie mam czasu na zrobienie wszystkich tych rzeczy dla każdego przedmiotu, ale próbuję. -You can see my code here: - - [C] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) - - [C++] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) - - [Python] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) +Możesz zobaczyć moje kody tutaj: + - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) -You don't need to memorize the guts of every algorithm. +Nie musisz zapamiętywać wnętrzności każdego algorytmu. -Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample inputs. Then test it out on a computer. +Napisz kod na tablicy lub papierze, a nie na komputerze. Testuj z niektórymi przykładowymi danymi wejściowymi. Następnie przetestuj na komputerze. -## Prerequisite Knowledge +## Wymagana wiedza -- [ ] **Learn C** - - C is everywhere. You'll see examples in books, lectures, videos, *everywhere* while you're studying. +- [ ] **Nauka języka C** + - C jest wszędzie. Przykłady znajdziesz w książkach, wykładach, filmach, *wszędzie* podczas nauki. - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) - - This is a short book, but it will give you a great handle on the C language and if you practice it a little - you'll quickly get proficient. Understanding C helps you understand how programs and memory work. - - [answers to questions](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) + - Jest to krótka książka, ale zapewni doskonałą znajomość języka C i jeśli trochę go przećwiczysz + szybko osiągniesz biegłość. Zrozumienie C pomaga zrozumieć, jak działają programy i pamięć. + - [odpowiedzi na pytania](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) -- [ ] **How computers process a program:** - - [ ] [How does CPU execute program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) - - [ ] [Machine Code Instructions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2XQgpbTNE) +- [ ] **Jak komputery przetwarzają program:** + - [ ] [Jak procesor wykonuje program (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + - [ ] [Jak komputery liczą - ALU (wideo)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + - [ ] [Rejestry i pamięć RAM (wideo)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [ ] [Central Processing Unit (CPU) - procesor (wideo)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [ ] [Instrukcje i programy (wideo)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) -## Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis -- nothing to implement -- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) -- [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) -- [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +## Złożoność algorytmiczna / Big-O / Analiza asymptotyczna + +- Nic do implementacji +- Tutaj jest wiele filmów. Po prostu oglądaj wystarczająco długo, aż zrozumiesz. Zawsze możesz wrócić i przejrzeć ponownie. +- Jeśli niektóre wykłady są zbyt matematyczne, możesz zeskoczyć na dół i obejrzeć filmy z matematyki dyskretnej, aby uzyskać podstawową wiedzę. +- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Notacja asymptotyczna (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [Big O Notations (ogólny szybki samouczek) (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [Big O Notation (oraz Omega i Theta) - najlepsze wyjaśnienia matematyczne (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) - [ ] Skiena: - - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [slides](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) + - [wideo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [prezentacja](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) - [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) -- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/59) -- [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/61) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://youtu.be/VIS4YDpuP98) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://youtu.be/ca3e7UVmeUc) -- [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/63) +- [ ] [Orders of Growth (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/orders-of-growth-6PKkX) +- [ ] [Asymptotics (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/asymptotics-bXAtM) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_ca3e7UVmeUc) +- [ ] [Amortized Analysis (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/illustrating-big-o-YVqzv) - [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): - - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) -- [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) +- [ ] [Ściągawka](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) - - If some of the lectures are too mathy, you can jump down to the bottom and - watch the discrete mathematics videos to get the background knowledge. - -## Data Structures +## Struktury danych - ### Arrays - - Implement an automatically resizing vector. - - [ ] Description: - - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) - - [UCBerkley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://youtu.be/Wp8oiO_CZZE?t=15m32s) - - [Basic Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_04-basicArrays.mp4) - - [Multi-dim (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_05-multidimensionalArrays.mp4) - - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) - - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) - - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_06-jaggedArrays.mp4) - - [Resizing arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/03_01-resizableArrays.mp4) - - [ ] Implement a vector (mutable array with automatic resizing): + - Zaimplementuj wektor automatycznie zmieniający rozmiar. + - [ ] Opis: + - [Arrays (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) + - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (Start watching from 15m 32s) + - [Basic Arrays (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_04-basicArrays.mp4) + - [Multi-dim (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_05-multidimensionalArrays.mp4) + - [Dynamic Arrays (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) + - [Jagged Arrays (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [Jagged Arrays (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_06-jaggedArrays.mp4) + - [Resizing arrays (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/03_01-resizableArrays.mp4) + - [ ] Zaimplementuj vector (mutable array z automatycznym zmienianiem rozmiaru): - [ ] Practice coding using arrays and pointers, and pointer math to jump to an index instead of using indexing. - [ ] new raw data array with allocated memory - - can allocate int array under the hood, just not use its features - - start with 16, or if starting number is greater, use power of 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 + - potraf zaalokować int array pod maską, bez używania gotowych funkcji + - zacznij z 16, lub jeśli liczba początkowa jest większa, użyj potęgi 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 - [ ] size() - number of items - [ ] capacity() - number of items it can hold - [ ] is_empty() @@ -548,24 +561,25 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] remove(item) - looks for value and removes index holding it (even if in multiple places) - [ ] find(item) - looks for value and returns first index with that value, -1 if not found - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private function - - when you reach capacity, resize to double the size - - when popping an item, if size is 1/4 of capacity, resize to half - - [ ] Time - - O(1) to add/remove at end (amortized for allocations for more space), index, or update + - po osiągnięciu pojemności zmień rozmiar, aby podwoić rozmiar + - podczas usuwania elementu, jeśli rozmiar wynosi 1/4 pojemności, przeskaluj do połowy + - [ ] Czas (złożoność czasowa) + - O(1) to add/remove na koniec (amortized for allocations for more space), index, or update - O(n) to insert/remove elsewhere - - [ ] Space + - [ ] Miejsce (złożoność pamięciowa) - contiguous in memory, so proximity helps performance - space needed = (array capacity, which is >= n) * size of item, but even if 2n, still O(n) -- ### Linked Lists - - [ ] Description: - - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) - - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) +- ### Listy łączone + - [ ] Opis: + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [C Code (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation. - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: - - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) - - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) + - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) - [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) - [ ] Gotcha: you need pointer to pointer knowledge: (for when you pass a pointer to a function that may change the address where that pointer points) @@ -586,20 +600,20 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - returns the value of the node at nth position from the end of the list - [ ] reverse() - reverses the list - [ ] remove_value(value) - removes the first item in the list with this value - - [ ] Doubly-linked List - - [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) - - No need to implement + - [ ] Lista podwójnie łączona + - [Opis (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) + - Bez potrzeby implementacji -- ### Stack - - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) - - [ ] [Using Stacks Last-In First-Out (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_01-usingStacksForLast-inFirst-out.mp4) +- ### Stos + - [ ] [Stacks (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [Using Stacks Last-In First-Out (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_01-usingStacksForLast-inFirst-out.mp4) - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. -- ### Queue - - [ ] [Using Queues First-In First-Out(video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_03-usingQueuesForFirst-inFirst-out.mp4) - - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) +- ### Kolejka + - [ ] [Using Queues First-In First-Out(wideo)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_03-usingQueuesForFirst-inFirst-out.mp4) + - [ ] [Queue (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) - - [ ] [Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_04-priorityQueuesAndDeques.mp4) + - [ ] [Priority Queues (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_04-priorityQueuesAndDeques.mp4) - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) @@ -616,25 +630,25 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - dequeue: O(1) (linked list and array) - empty: O(1) (linked list and array) -- ### Hash table - - [ ] Videos: - - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) - - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) +- ### Hash table - tablica mieszająca + - [ ] Materiały wideo: + - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [(Zaawansowane) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [(Zaawansowane) Perfect hashing (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) - - [ ] Online Courses: - - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_02-understandingHashFunctions.mp4) - - [ ] [Using Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_03-usingHashTables.mp4) + - [ ] Kursy online: + - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_02-understandingHashFunctions.mp4) + - [ ] [Using Hash Tables (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_03-usingHashTables.mp4) - [ ] [Supporting Hashing (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_04-supportingHashing.mp4) - - [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_05-languageSupportForHashTables.mp4) - - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) - - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) - - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) + - [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_05-languageSupportForHashTables.mp4) + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) + - [ ] [Data Structures (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4) + - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) - [ ] distributed hash tables: - - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) - [ ] implement with array using linear probing @@ -644,19 +658,19 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - get(key) - remove(key) -## More Knowledge +## Więcej wiedzy - ### Binary search - - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] [Binary Search (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) + - [ ] [Binary Search (wideo)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) - [ ] Implement: - binary search (on sorted array of integers) - binary search using recursion -- ### Bitwise operations - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) - - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << +- ### Operacje bitowe + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] Dobrze zrozum manipulowanie bitami korzystając z: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - [ ] Good intro: [Bit Manipulation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) @@ -664,8 +678,8 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) - - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) - - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) - [ ] 2s and 1s complement - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) @@ -674,54 +688,49 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) - - [ ] round to next power of 2: - - [Round Up To Next Power Of Two](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/roundUpToNextPowerOfTwo.html) - [ ] swap values: - - [Swap](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + - [Swap](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) - [ ] absolute value: - - [Absolute Integer](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) + - [Absolute Integer](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) -## Trees +## Drzewa -- ### Trees - Notes & Background - - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) - - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) - - basic tree construction - - traversal +- ### Drzewa - uwagi & zarys + - [ ] [Series: Trees (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) + - podstawy budowy drzewa + - traversal (ścieżki) - manipulation algorithms - - BFS (breadth-first search) - - [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) - - level order (BFS, using queue) - time complexity: O(n) - space complexity: best: O(1), worst: O(n/2)=O(n) - - DFS (depth-first search) - - [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) - - notes: - time complexity: O(n) - space complexity: - best: O(log n) - avg. height of tree - worst: O(n) - - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) - - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) - - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + - [ ] [BFS(breadth-first search) and DFS(depth-first search) (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) + - BFS notes: + - level order (BFS, using queue) + - złożoność czasowa: O(n) + - złożoność pamięciowa: best: O(1), worst: O(n/2)=O(n) + - DFS notes: + - złożoność czasowa: O(n) + - złożoność pamięciowa: + najlepsza: O(log n) - avg. height of tree + najgorsza: O(n) + - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) + - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) + - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) -- ### Binary search trees: BSTs - - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [Series (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) +- ### Binary search trees: BSTs - drzewa binarne + - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [Series (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) - starts with symbol table and goes through BST applications - - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) - - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + - [ ] [Wprowadzenie (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) + - [ ] [MIT (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) - C/C++: - - [ ] [Binary search tree - Implementation in C/C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) - - [ ] [BST implementation - memory allocation in stack and heap (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) - - [ ] [Find min and max element in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [Find height of a binary tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) - - [ ] [Binary tree traversal - breadth-first and depth-first strategies (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) - - [ ] [Binary tree: Level Order Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [Binary tree traversal: Preorder, Inorder, Postorder (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [Check if a binary tree is binary search tree or not (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [Delete a node from Binary Search Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) - - [ ] [Inorder Successor in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Binary search tree - Implementation in C/C++ (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) + - [ ] [BST implementation - memory allocation in stack and heap (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) + - [ ] [Find min and max element in a binary search tree (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Find height of a binary tree (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal - breadth-first and depth-first strategies (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) + - [ ] [Binary tree: Level Order Traversal (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal: Preorder, Inorder, Postorder (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Check if a binary tree is binary search tree or not (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Delete a node from Binary Search Tree (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) + - [ ] [Inorder Successor in a binary search tree (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - [ ] Implement: - [ ] insert // insert value into tree - [ ] get_node_count // get count of values stored @@ -735,21 +744,21 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] delete_value - [ ] get_successor // returns next-highest value in tree after given value, -1 if none -- ### Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap - - visualized as a tree, but is usually linear in storage (array, linked list) - - [ ] [Heap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) - - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) - - [ ] [Naive Implementations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) - - [ ] [Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) - - [ ] [Tree Height Remark (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) - - [ ] [Basic Operations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) - - [ ] [Complete Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) - - [ ] [Pseudocode (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) - - [ ] [Heap Sort - jumps to start (video)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) - - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) - - [ ] [Building a heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) - - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) +- ### Sterta / kolejka priorytetowa / sterta binarna + - przedstawiane jako drzewo, ale zwykle liniowo w pamięci (array, linked list) + - [ ] [Sterta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) + - [ ] [Wprowadzenie (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) + - [ ] [Naive Implementations (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [Binary Trees (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) + - [ ] [Tree Height Remark (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) + - [ ] [Basic Operations (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) + - [ ] [Complete Binary Trees (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) + - [ ] [Pseudocode (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) + - [ ] [Heap Sort - jumps to start (wideo)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [Heap Sort (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) + - [ ] [Building a heap (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) + - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) - [ ] Implement a max-heap: - [ ] insert @@ -764,9 +773,9 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] heap_sort() - take an unsorted array and turn it into a sorted array in-place using a max heap - note: using a min heap instead would save operations, but double the space needed (cannot do in-place). -## Sorting +## Sortowanie -- [ ] Notes: +- [ ] Uwagi: - Implement sorts & know best case/worst case, average complexity of each: - no bubble sort - it's terrible - O(n^2), except when n <= 16 - [ ] stability in sorting algorithms ("Is Quicksort stable?") @@ -778,34 +787,34 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - I wouldn't recommend sorting a linked list, but merge sort is doable. - [Merge Sort For Linked List](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) -- For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. Heap sort is great, but not stable. +- dla heapsort, zobacz Struktury danych - sterta, powyżej. Heapsort jest świetny, ale niestabilny. -- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9&index=1) - - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGOIGUYjeyk&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9&index=2) - - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvU_mIWo0Ac&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MvC1kmBza0&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XD_5iINB5GI&index=5&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort) + - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) + - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/xAltF/sorting-complexity) + - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/9FYhS/comparators) + - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) -- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M5A7qPWk84&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgVYfSyct_M&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBFzOYJ5ybM&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rejpZ2htBjE&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/vjvnC/quicksort) + - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/UQxFT/selection) + - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/XvjPd/duplicate-keys) + - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/QBNZ7/system-sorts) - [ ] UC Berkeley: - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EiUvYS2DT6I&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=29) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hTY3t80Qsk&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=30) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6LOLpxg6Dc&index=32&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNMQ4ly43p4&index=33&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [CS 61B Wykład 29: Sortowanie I (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) + - [ ] [CS 61B Wykład 30: Sortowanie II (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) + - [ ] [CS 61B Wykład 32: Sortowanie III (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) + - [ ] [CS 61B Wykład 33: Sortowanie V (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) -- [ ] [Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [Analyzing Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [Insertion Sort, Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) -- [ ] [Insertion Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [Quicksort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [Selection Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Sortowanie bąbelkowe (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Analiza sortowania bąbelkowego (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Sortowanie przez wstawianie, Sortowanie przez scalanie (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) +- [ ] [Sortowanie przez wstawianie (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Sortowanie przez scalanie (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Sortowanie szybkie Quicksort (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Sortowanie przez wybieranie (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - [ ] Merge sort code: - [ ] [Using output array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) @@ -823,66 +832,65 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. - [ ] Not required, but I recommended them: - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRzU-FWsjNU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=6) - - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtgKYmXs62w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=5) - - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pGVq_BwPKs&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=4) - - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3cYNY90R6c&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVl58kfE6i8&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=1) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) + - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting) + - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/crkd5/3-way-radix-quicksort) + - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) - - [ ] [Radix Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) - - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) + - [ ] [Radix Sort (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) -If you need more detail on this subject, see "Sorting" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) +Podsumowując, oto wizualna reprezentacja [15 algorytmów sortowania](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg). +Jeśli potrzebujesz więcej informacji na ten temat, zobacz sekcję "Sortowanie" w [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) -## Graphs +## Grafy -Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this section is long, like trees and sorting were. +Grafy mogą być wykorzystane do przedstawienia wielu problemów w informatyce, więc ta sekcja jest długa, podobnie jak drzewa i sortowanie. -- Notes from Yegge: - - There are three basic ways to represent a graph in memory: - - objects and pointers - - matrix - - adjacency list +- Uwagi: + - Są 4 podstawowe sposoby reprezentacji grafu w pamięci: + - objects and pointers (obiekty i wskaźniki) + - adjacency matrix (macierz sąsiedztwa) + - adjacency list (lista sąsiedztwa) + - adjacency map (mapa sąsiedztwa) - Familiarize yourself with each representation and its pros & cons - BFS and DFS - know their computational complexity, their tradeoffs, and how to implement them in real code - When asked a question, look for a graph-based solution first, then move on if none. -- [ ] Skiena Lectures - great intro: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) +- [ ] MIT (wideo): + - [ ] [Breadth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - [ ] [Depth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) -- [ ] Graphs (review and more): +- [ ] Wykłady Skiena - świetne wprowadzenie: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) - - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) - - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - Lecture 6 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) - - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) - - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) - - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) +- [ ] Grafy (review and more): -- Full Coursera Course: - - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) + - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - Lecture 6 (wideo)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (wideo)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + - [ ] ~~[CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (wideo)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489)~~ + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) + - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) -- Yegge: If you get a chance, try to study up on fancier algorithms: - - [ ] Dijkstra's algorithm - see above - 6.006 - - [ ] A* - - [ ] [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) - - [ ] [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) - - [ ] [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) +- Pełny kurs Coursera: + - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) - I'll implement: - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (recursive) @@ -900,264 +908,261 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] list strongly connected components - [ ] check for bipartite graph -You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and the interview books +## Znów więcej wiedzy -## Even More Knowledge - -- ### Recursion +- ### Rekursja - [ ] Stanford lectures on recursion & backtracking: - - [ ] [Lecture 8 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) - - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) - - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) + - [ ] [Wykład 8 | Programming Abstractions (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) + - [ ] [Wykład 9 | Programming Abstractions (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) + - [ ] [Wykład 10 | Programming Abstractions (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [Wykład 11 | Programming Abstractions (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) - when it is appropriate to use it - how is tail recursion better than not? - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) -- ### Dynamic Programming - - **NOTE:** DP is a valuable technique, but it is not mentioned on any of the prep material Google provides. But you could get a problem where DP provides an optimal solution. So I'm including it. +- ### Programowanie dynamiczne + - Prawdopodobnie nie będziesz mieć programowania dynamicznego podczas swojej rekrutacji, ale warto umieć rozpoznawać problem, jako kandydata na ten właśnie rodzaj. - This subject can be pretty difficult, as each DP soluble problem must be defined as a recursion relation, and coming up with it can be tricky. - I suggest looking at many examples of DP problems until you have a solid understanding of the pattern involved. - [ ] Videos: - the Skiena videos can be hard to follow since he sometimes uses the whiteboard, which is too small to see - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) - - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) - - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Wykład 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Wykład 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Wykład 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (wideo)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Wykład 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (wideo)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Wykład 11 (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Wykład 12 (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) - [ ] List of individual DP problems (each is short): - [Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + [Dynamic Programming (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) - [ ] Yale Lecture notes: - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) - [ ] Coursera: - - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) - - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) - - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) - - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) - - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) - - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) - - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) + - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) + - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) -- ### Object-Oriented Programming - - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) - - [ ] Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos): - - Can skip this if you have a great grasp of OO and OO design practices. - - [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] SOLID OOP Principles: - - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) - - [ ] [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) - - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) - - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) - - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) - - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) - - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use - - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) - - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. - - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) +- ### Object-Oriented Programming - programowanie obiektowe + - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) + - [ ] SOLID OOP Principles: [SOLID Principles (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) -- ### Design patterns - - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) - - [ ] Learn these patterns: - - [ ] strategy +- ### Wzorce projektowe + - [ ] [Quick UML review (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) + - [ ] Naucz się tych wzorców: + - [ ] strategy (strategia) - [ ] singleton - [ ] adapter - - [ ] prototype - - [ ] decorator - - [ ] visitor - - [ ] factory, abstract factory - - [ ] facade - - [ ] observer - - [ ] proxy - - [ ] delegate - - [ ] command - - [ ] state - - [ ] memento + - [ ] prototype (prototyp) + - [ ] decorator (dekorator) + - [ ] visitor (odwiedzający) + - [ ] factory, abstract factory (fabryka, fabryka abstrakcyjna) + - [ ] facade (fasada) + - [ ] observer (obserwator) + - [ ] proxy (pełnomocnik) + - [ ] delegate (delegat) + - [ ] command (polecenie) + - [ ] state (stan) + - [ ] memento (pamiątka) - [ ] iterator - - [ ] composite - - [ ] flyweight - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 1) - Patterns (video)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] [Series of videos (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + - [ ] composite (kompozyt) + - [ ] flyweight (pyłek) + - [ ] [Rozdział 6 (Część 1) - Patterns (wideo)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) + - [ ] [Rozdział 6 (Część 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Rozdział 6 (Część 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Series of videos (27 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) - I know the canonical book is "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", but Head First is great for beginners to OO. - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) + - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) -- ### Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability - - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) - - [ ] [Make School: Probability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) - - [ ] [Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) + +- ### Kombinatoryka (n choose k) & probabilistyka + - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [Make School: Probability (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + - [ ] [Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) - [ ] Khan Academy: - Course layout: - [ ] [Basic Theoretical Probability](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) - Just the videos - 41 (each are simple and each are short): - - [ ] [Probability Explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) + - [ ] [Probability Explained (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) - ### NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms - Know about the most famous classes of NP-complete problems, such as traveling salesman and the knapsack problem, and be able to recognize them when an interviewer asks you them in disguise. - Know what NP-complete means. - - [ ] [Computational Complexity (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) + - [ ] [Computational Complexity (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) - [ ] Simonson: - - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) - - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [NP Completeness III (Video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) + - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (wideo)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness III (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) - [ ] Skiena: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 23 - Introduction to NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 24 - NP-Completeness Proofs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 25 - NP-Completeness Challenge (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) - - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) - - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Wykład 23 - Introduction to NP-Completeness (wideo)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Wykład 24 - NP-Completeness Proofs (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Wykład 25 - NP-Completeness Challenge (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) + - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) + - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - Peter Norvig discusses near-optimal solutions to traveling salesman problem: - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) - Pages 1048 - 1140 in CLRS if you have it. - ### Caches - [ ] LRU cache: - - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) - - [ ] [Implementing LRU (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) - - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) + - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) + - [ ] [Implementing LRU (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) + - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++) (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) - [ ] CPU cache: - - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) - - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) -- ### Processes and Threads - - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operating Systems (25 videos): - - for processes and threads see videos 1-11 - - [Operating Systems and System Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) +- ### Procesy i wątki + - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operating Systems (25 wideo): + - dla procesów i wątków zobacz wideo 1-11 + - [Operating Systems and System Programming (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) - - Covers: - - Processes, Threads, Concurrency issues - - difference between processes and threads - - processes - - threads - - locks - - mutexes - - semaphores - - monitors - - how they work - - deadlock - - livelock + - Pokrywa: + - Procesy, wątki, problemy z współbieżnością + - różnica między procesami a wątkami + - procesy + - wątki + - locks (zamki) + - mutexes (muteksy) + - semaphores (semafory) + - monitors (monitory) + - jak działają + - deadlock (zakleszczenie) + - livelock (specjalny przypadek zagłodzenia) - CPU activity, interrupts, context switching - Modern concurrency constructs with multicore processors - - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) - - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) - - [Scheduling (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Gu5mYdKbu4&index=4&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8) + - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) + - [Przerwania (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) - Process resource needs (memory: code, static storage, stack, heap, and also file descriptors, i/o) - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own pc, stack counter, registers, and stack) - Forking is really copy on write (read-only) until the new process writes to memory, then it does a full copy. - Context switching - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware - - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) - - [ ] concurrency in Python (videos): + - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] współbieżność w Python (wideo): - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) - [ ] [Understanding the Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) - [reference](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) - - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) + - [ ] [Muteks w Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) -- ### Papers - - These are Google papers and well-known papers. - - Reading all from end to end with full comprehension will likely take more time than you have. I recommend being selective on papers and their sections. - - [ ] [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) - - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) - - [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) - - [ ] [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) - - replaced by Colossus in 2012 - - [ ] [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) - - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow? - - [ ] [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) - - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) - - [ ] [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) - - [ ] [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) - - [ ] [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) - - [ ] [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) - - [ ] [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) - - paper not available - - [ ] 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: - - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) - - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) - - [ ] 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: - - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) - - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) - - [ ] [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) - - [ ] [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) - - [ ] [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) - -- ### Testing - - To cover: - - how unit testing works - - what are mock objects - - what is integration testing - - what is dependency injection - - [ ] [Agile Software Testing with James Bach (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) - - [ ] [Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) - - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant) (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) - - [slides](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) - - [ ] [TDD is dead. Long live testing.](http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html) - - [ ] [Is TDD dead? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9quxZsLcfo) - - [ ] [Video series (152 videos) - not all are needed (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzJapzxH_rE&list=PLAwxTw4SYaPkWVHeC_8aSIbSxE_NXI76g) - - [ ] [Test-Driven Web Development with Python](http://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/pages/book.html#toc) +- ### Testowanie + - Aby pokryć: + - jak działają testy jednostkowe (unit tests) + - czym są mock objects (mockowanie) + - co to testy integracyjne + - czym jest dependency injection (wstrzykiwanie zależności) + - [ ] [Agile Software Testing with James Bach (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) + - [ ] [Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) + - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant) (wideo)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) + - [prezentacja](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) - [ ] Dependency injection: - - [ ] [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) + - [ ] [wideo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) - - [ ] [How to write tests](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) + - [ ] [Jak pisać testy](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) - ### Scheduling - in an OS, how it works - can be gleaned from Operating System videos -- ### Implement system routines - - understand what lies beneath the programming APIs you use - - can you implement them? - - ### String searching & manipulations - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg) - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) - - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) - - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcDXwIGEXYU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=4) - - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-7n-FDEWzc&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) - - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7Ch6pZXfM&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=2) - - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) - - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/introduction-to-substring-search) + - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) + - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) + - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) + - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) + - [ ] [Search pattern in text (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) If you need more detail on this subject, see "String Matching" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) ---- +- ### Tries -## System Design, Scalability, Data Handling -- **You can expect system design questions if you have 4+ years of experience.** -- Scalability and System Design are very large topics with many topics and resources, since - there is a lot to consider when designing a software/hardware system that can scale. - Expect to spend quite a bit of time on this. -- Considerations from Yegge: - - scalability - - Distill large data sets to single values - - Transform one data set to another - - Handling obscenely large amounts of data - - system design - - features sets - - interfaces - - class hierarchies - - designing a system under certain constraints - - simplicity and robustness - - tradeoffs - - performance analysis and optimization -- [ ] **START HERE**: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +Trie to drzewo węzłów, które obsługuje operacje Znajdź i Wstaw [etc (...)](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drzewo_trie) + + - Uwaga: istnieją różne rodzaje drzew tries. Niektóre mają prefixy, niektóre nie, a niektóre używają stringów zamiast bitów + do śledzenia ścieżki. + - Czytam kod, ale go nie implementuję. + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) + - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) + - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) + - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] Short course videos: + - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) + - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through) (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + +- ### Floating Point Numbers + - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + +- ### Unicode + - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + +- ### Endianness + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141940/http://www.cs.umd.edu:80/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - Bardzo techniczna rozmowa dla programistów jądra. Nie martw się, jeśli większość jest zbyt ciężka. + - Pierwsza połowa wystarczy. + +- ### Sieci komputerowe + - **jeśli masz doświadczenie w pracy w sieci etc, oczekuj podobnych pytań** + - tak czy inaczej, dobrze to znać + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) + - [ ] [UDP oraz TCP: Porównanie protokołów warstwy transportowej (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained! (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial. (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL oraz HTTPS (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0 (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [Serie wideo (21 wideo) (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] Sockets: + - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Wprowadzenie (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [ ] [Socket Programming (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) + +## Projektowanie systemu, skalowalność, przetwarzanie danych + +**Jeśli masz ponad 4-letnie doświadczenie, możesz spodziewać się pytań dotyczących projektowania systemu.** + +- Skalowalność i projektowanie systemu to bardzo duże tematy z wieloma innymi tematami i materiałami, + przy projektowaniu systemu oprogramowania/sprzętu, który można skalować, należy wziąć pod uwagę wiele kwestii. + Spodziewaj się, że poświęcisz temu sporo czasu. +- Przemyślenia: + - skalowalność + - Wyodrębnij duże zestawy danych do pojedynczych wartości + - Przekształć jeden zestaw danych w inny + - Obsługa nieprzyzwoicie dużych ilości danych + - projektowanie systemu + - zestawy funkcji + - interfejsy + - hierarchie klas + - projektowanie systemu z pewnymi ograniczeniami + - prostota i solidność + - kompromisy + - analiza wydajności i optymalizacja +- [ ] **ZACZNIJ TUTAJ**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) - [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) - [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) @@ -1168,14 +1173,16 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) - [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) - [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) -- [ ] Paxos Consensus algorithm: - - [short video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) - - [extended video with use case and multi-paxos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEpsBg0AO6o) - - [paper](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf) +- [ ] Consensus Algorithms: + - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + - [ ] [Easy-to-read paper](https://raft.github.io/) + - [ ] [Infographic](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) - [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) - [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) -- [ ] Scalability: - - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) +- [ ] Skalowalność: + - You don't need all of these. Just pick a few that interest you. + - [ ] [Great overview (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) - [ ] Short series: - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) @@ -1189,9 +1196,8 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) - - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) + - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) - - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2009)](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Scale-at-Facebook) - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) @@ -1205,7 +1211,6 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) - - [ ] [Egnyte Architecture: Lessons Learned In Building And Scaling A Multi Petabyte Distributed System](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html) - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) @@ -1214,7 +1219,6 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) - - [ ] [Does AMP Counter An Existential Threat To Google?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/14/does-amp-counter-an-existential-threat-to-google.html) - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) @@ -1230,14 +1234,15 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] Twitter: - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) - - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the Video Series section. + - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [Video Series](#video-series) section. - [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: - - review: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - review: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - flow: - 1. Understand the problem and scope: - - define the use cases, with interviewer's help - - suggest additional features + 1. Zrozumienie problemu i zakresu: + - zdefiniowanie przypadków użycia, z pomocą rekrutera + - sugestia dodatkowych funkcji - remove items that interviewer deems out of scope - assume high availability is required, add as a use case 2. Think about constraints: @@ -1253,7 +1258,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - infrastructure: load balancing, messaging - rough overview of any key algorithm that drives the service - consider bottlenecks and determine solutions - - Exercises: + - Ćwiczenia: - [Design a CDN network: old article](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) @@ -1265,369 +1270,379 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th --- -## Final Review +## Końcowa rozmowa rekrutacyjna - This section will have shorter videos that you can watch pretty quickly to review most of the important concepts. - It's nice if you want a refresher often. + W tej sekcji znajdują się krótsze filmy, które można dość szybko obejrzeć, aby przejrzeć większość ważnych pojęć. + Fajnie, jeśli często chcesz sobie odświeżać. -- [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) +- [ ] Seria 2-3 minutowych, krótkich filmów tematycznych (23 wideo) - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (18 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) -- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) - - [ ] [01. Union-Find](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) - - [ ] [02. Analysis of Algorithms](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZN-nFW0mEpg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTf0_bkOhh7sa5uqeppp3Sr0) - - [ ] [03. Stacks and Queues](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIC1gappbP8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe-9jhnj3P_3mmrCh0A7iHh) - - [ ] [04. Elementary Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CD2AL6VO0ak&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe_5WhGV0F--7CK8MoRUqBd) - - [ ] [05. Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - - [ ] [06. Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M5A7qPWk84&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [07. Priority Queues](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9TMe0KC0w0&list=PLe-ggMe31CTducy9LDiGVkdSv0NfiRwn5) - - [ ] [08. Elementary Symbol Tables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=up_nlilw3ac&list=PLe-ggMe31CTc3a8nKRDxFZZrWrBvkc9SG) - - [ ] [09. Balanced Search Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qC1BLLPK_5w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTf7jHH_mFT50kayjCEA6Rhu) - - [ ] [10. Geometric Applications of BST](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wl30aGAp6TY&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdBsRIw0hXln0hilRs-DqAx) - - [ ] [11. Hash Tables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QA8fJGO-i9o&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcKxIRGqqThMts2eHtSrf11) -- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?flow=list&shelf_id=3&view=50) - - [ ] [01. Undirected Graphs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmVhD-mmMBg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTc0zDzANxl4I2MhMoRVlbRM) - - [ ] [02. Directed Graphs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_z-JsVaUS40&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcEwaU8a1P1Gd95A77HV85K) - - [ ] [03. Minimum Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8fNk9tfVYY&list=PLe-ggMe31CTceUZxDesGfHGLE7kcSafqj) - - [ ] [04. Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoGSiB7tSeI&list=PLe-ggMe31CTePpG3jbeOTsnGUGZDKxgZD) - - [ ] [05. Maximum Flow](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYIKlFstBqE&list=PLe-ggMe31CTduQ68XQ-sVj32wYJIspTma) - - [ ] [06. Radix Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [07. Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [08. Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) - - [ ] [09. Regular Expressions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQWNQsJSPnk&list=PLe-ggMe31CTetTlJWouM42fyttyKPgSDh) - - [ ] [10. Data Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=at9tjpxcBh8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTciifRRo6yY0Yt0mzgIXXVZ) - - [ ] [11. Reductions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow5x-ooMGv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe_yliW5vc3yO-dj1LSSDyF) - - [ ] [12. Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWhcLyiLZLA&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdy6dKzMgkWFuTTN1H8B-E1) - - [ ] [13. Intractability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qcaaDp4cdQ&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcZCjluBHw53e_ek2k9Kn-S) +- [ ] Seria 2–5 minutowych, krótkich filmów tematycznych - Michael Sambol (18 wideo): + - [Wideo](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorytmy I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorytmy II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) --- -## Coding Question Practice +## Praktyka kodowania -Now that you know all the computer science topics above, it's time to practice answering coding problems. +Teraz, gdy znasz już wszystkie powyższe tematy informatyki, nadszedł czas, aby poćwiczyć odpowiadanie na problemy z kodowaniem. -**Coding question practice is not about memorizing answers to programming problems.** +**Praktyka kodowania nie polega na zapamiętywaniu odpowiedzi, ale rozwiązywaniu problemów.** -Why you need to practice doing programming problems: -- problem recognition, and where the right data structures and algorithms fit in -- gathering requirements for the problem -- talking your way through the problem like you will in the interview -- coding on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer -- coming up with time and space complexity for your solutions -- testing your solutions +Dlaczego musisz ćwiczyć rozwiązywanie problemów programistycznych: +- rozpoznawanie problemów i ustalenie gdzie pasują odpowiednie struktury danych i algorytmy +- zbieranie wymagań dla problemu +- omawianie problemu tak, jak podczas rozmowy rekrutacyjnej +- kodowanie na tablicy lub papierze, a nie na komputerze +- wymyślanie złożoności czasowej i pamięciowej dla swoich rozwiązań +- testowanie twoich rozwiązań -There is a great intro for methodical, communicative problem solving in an interview. You'll get this from the programming -interview books, too, but I found this outstanding: +Tam jest świetny wstęp do metodycznego, komunikatywnego rozwiązywania problemu podczas rozmowy. Znajdziesz to również w książkach z rozmów rekrutacyjnych programistycznych, ale to znalazłem i uznałem za wybitne: [Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) -[My Process for Coding Interview (Book) Exercises](https://googleyasheck.com/my-process-for-coding-interview-exercises/) +Brak tablicy w domu? To ma sens. Jestem dziwakiem i mam dużą tablicę. Zamiast tablicy, podnieś +duża podkładka do rysowania ze sklepu ze sztuką. Możesz usiąść na kanapie i ćwiczyć. To moja "sofa whiteboard". +Do zdjęcia dodałem pióro na skali. Jeśli używasz pióra, możesz wymazać. Szybko się psuje. Używam ołówka i gumki. -No whiteboard at home? That makes sense. I'm a weirdo and have a big whiteboard. Instead of a whiteboard, pick up a -large drawing pad from an art store. You can sit on the couch and practice. This is my "sofa whiteboard". -I added the pen in the photo for scale. If you use a pen, you'll wish you could erase. Gets messy quick. +![my sofa whiteboard](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) -![my sofa whiteboard](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/art_board_sm_2-1476233630368.jpg) +Uzupełniające: -Supplemental: - -- [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) -- [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) +- [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) +- [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) - [MIT Interview Materials](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) - [Exercises for getting better at a given language](http://exercism.io/languages) -**Read and Do Programming Problems (in this order):** +**Przeczytaj i wykonaj zadania z programowania (w tej kolejności):** - [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) - answers in C, C++ and Java - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - answers in Java + - odpowiedzi w Java -See [Book List above](#book-list) +Zobacz [Lista książek powyżej](#book-list) -## Coding exercises/challenges -Once you've learned your brains out, put those brains to work. -Take coding challenges every day, as many as you can. +## Zadania/wyzwania programistyczne -- [ ] [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) -- [ ] [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) +Gdy już się nauczysz, pozwól popracować swojemu mózgowi. +Podejmuj wyzwania programistyczne każdego dnia, tak dużo, jak to możliwe. + +- [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) Coding Interview Question Videos: - [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) - [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - Super for walkthroughs of problem solutions. +- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 Videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - Good explanations of solution and the code. + - You can watch several in a short time. +- [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) Challenge sites: - [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) -- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) -- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) -- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) + - My favorite coding problem site. It's worth the subscription money for the 1-2 months you'll likely be preparing. + - [LeetCode solutions from FisherCoder](https://github.com/fishercoder1534/Leetcode) + - See Nick White Videos above for short code-throughs - [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) -- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) - [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) - [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) +- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) + +Language-learning sites, with challenges: +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) - [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) +- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) + +Challenge repos: +- [Interactive Coding Interview Challenges in Python](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) Mock Interviews: -- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) -- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) +- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - I used this and it helped me relax for the phone screen and on-site interview. +- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - peer-to-peer model of practice interviews +- [Refdash: Mock interviews and expedited interviews](https://refdash.com/) - also help candidates fast track by skipping multiple interviews with tech companies. -## Once you're closer to the interview -- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (videos): +## Gdy już jesteś bliżej rozmowy rekrutacyjnej + +- Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (videos): - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) - - [Ask Me Anything: Gayle Laakmann McDowell (author of Cracking the Coding Interview)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fqxMuPmGak) -## Your Resume +## Twoje CV -- [Ten Tips for a (Slightly) Less Awful Resume](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.co.uk/2007_09_01_archive.html) -- See Resume prep items in Cracking The Coding Interview and back of Programming Interviews Exposed +- Zobacz elementy przygotowujące do CV w Cracking The Coding Interview i wróć do Programming Interviews Exposed -## Be thinking of for when the interview comes +## Zastanów się, kiedy rozmowa kwalifikacyjna będzie nadchodzić -Think of about 20 interview questions you'll get, along with the lines of the items below. Have 2-3 answers for each. -Have a story, not just data, about something you accomplished. +Pomyśl o około 20 pytaniach, które otrzymasz, wraz z wierszami poniższych pozycji. Po 2-3 odpowiedzi dla każdego. +Dobrze mieć historię, a nie tylko dane, opowiedz o czymś co osiągnąłeś. -- Why do you want this job? -- What's a tough problem you've solved? -- Biggest challenges faced? -- Best/worst designs seen? -- Ideas for improving an existing product. -- How do you work best, as an individual and as part of a team? -- Which of your skills or experiences would be assets in the role and why? -- What did you most enjoy at [job x / project y]? -- What was the biggest challenge you faced at [job x / project y]? -- What was the hardest bug you faced at [job x / project y]? -- What did you learn at [job x / project y]? -- What would you have done better at [job x / project y]? +- Czemu chcesz tę pracę? +- Jaki jest najcięższy problem, który rozwiązałeś? +- Największe wyzwanie z jakim się spotkałeś? +- Najlepsze/najgorsze projekty jaki widziałeś? +- Pomysły na ulepszenie istniejącego produktu. +- Jak pracujesz najlepiej, indywidualnie, czy jako część zespołu? +- Które z twoich umiejętności lub doświadczeń byłyby atutem w tej roli i dlaczego? +- Co najbardziej ci się podobało w [pracy x / projekcie y]? +- Jakie było największe wyzwanie, przed którym stanąłeś w [pracy x / projekcie y]? +- Jaki był najtrudniejszy bug, z jakim się spotkałeś w [pracy x / projekcie y]? +- Czego się nauczyłeś w [pracy x / projekcie y]? +- Co zrobiłbyś lepiej w [pracy x / projekcie y]? -## Have questions for the interviewer +## Pytania dla rekrutera - Some of mine (I already may know answer to but want their opinion or team perspective): + Niektóre z nich są moje (mogę już znać odpowiedź, ale chcę znać ich opinię lub perspektywę zespołu): -- How large is your team? -- What does your dev cycle look like? Do you do waterfall/sprints/agile? -- Are rushes to deadlines common? Or is there flexibility? -- How are decisions made in your team? -- How many meetings do you have per week? -- Do you feel your work environment helps you concentrate? -- What are you working on? -- What do you like about it? -- What is the work life like? +- Jak duży jest twój zespół? +- Jak wygląda twój cykl deweloperski? Czy pracujecie waterfall/sprints/agile? +- Czy pośpiech związany z deadline'ami jest częsty? Czy jest elastyczność? +- Jak podejmowane są decyzje w twoim zespole? +- Ile spotkań masz na tydzień? +- Czy uważasz, że twoje środowisko pracy pomaga ci się skoncentrować? +- Nad czym pracujesz? +- Co w tym lubisz? +- Jak wygląda życie zawodowe? +- Jak wygląda równowaga między pracą, a życiem prywatnym? -## Once You've Got The Job +## Gdy już zdobędziesz pracę -Congratulations! +Gratulacje! -Keep learning. +Ucz się. -You're never really done. +Tak na prawdę nigdy nie skończyłeś. --- ***************************************************************************************************** ***************************************************************************************************** - Everything below this point is optional. - By studying these, you'll get greater exposure to more CS concepts, and will be better prepared for - any software engineering job. You'll be a much more well-rounded software engineer. + Wszystko poniżej tego punktu jest opcjonalne. + Ucząc się ich, zyskasz większą ekspozycję na więcej koncepcji informatyki i będziesz lepiej przygotowany do + dowolnych zadań inżynierii oprogramowania. Będziesz o wiele bardziej wszechstronnym inżynierem oprogramowania. ***************************************************************************************************** ***************************************************************************************************** --- -## Additional Books +## Dodatkowe książki -- [ ] [The Unix Programming Environment](http://product.half.ebay.com/The-UNIX-Programming-Environment-by-Brian-W-Kernighan-and-Rob-Pike-1983-Other/54385&tg=info) - - an oldie but a goodie -- [ ] [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) - - a modern option -- [ ] [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) -- [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) - - a gentle introduction to design patterns -- [ ] [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) - - aka the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF - - the canonical design patterns book -- [ ] [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0131480057/) + Są tutaj, abyś mógł zagłębić się w interesujący ciebie temat. -## Additional Learning +- [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) + - staruszek ale dobry +- [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - współczesna wersja +- [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) +- [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - łagodne wprowadzenie do wzorców projektowych +- [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - znane też jako książka "Banda czworga" lub GOF + - kanoniczna książka wzorców projektowych +- [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 5th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0134277554/) +- [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - Jako przegląd i rozpoznanie problemu + - Część katalogu algorytmów znacznie wykracza poza zakres trudności, jakie napotkasz podczas rekrutacji. + - Ta książka składa się z 2 części: + - class textbook on data structures and algorithms + - plusy: + - is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be + - nice stories from his experiences solving problems in industry and academia + - code examples in C + - minusy: + - can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects + - chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have + - don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material. + - algorithm catalog: + - this is the real reason you buy this book. + - about to get to this part. Will update here once I've made my way through it. + - Można pożyczyć na kindle + - Odpowiedzi: + - [Rozwiązania](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [Rozwiązania](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +- [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - The book was published in 2004, and is somewhat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief. + - The author invented [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly), so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like. + - These chapters are worth the read to give you a nice foundation: + - Rozdział 2 - Numeric Representation + - Rozdział 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations + - Rozdział 4 - Floating-Point Representation + - Rozdział 5 - Character Representation + - Rozdział 6 - Memory Organization and Access + - Rozdział 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects + - Rozdział 9 - CPU Architecture + - Rozdział 10 - Instruction Set Architecture + - Rozdział 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization +- [Wprowadzenie do algorytmów](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) + - **Ważne:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently. + - aka CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game -- ### Compilers - - [ ] [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) - - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) - - [ ] [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) - - [ ] [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) +- [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + - For a richer, more up-to-date (2017), but longer treatment -- ### Floating Point Numbers - - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) - - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) +- [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + - The first couple of chapters present clever solutions to programming problems (some very old using data tape) but + that is just an intro. This a guidebook on program design and architecture. -- ### Unicode - - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) - - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) +## Dodatkowe materiały + + Dodałem je, aby pomóc Ci zostać wszechstronnym inżynierem oprogramowania i mieć świadomość + technologii i algorytiki, dzięki czemu będziesz mieć większy zestaw narzędzi. -- ### Endianness - - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://www.cs.umd.edu/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) - - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) - - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) - - Very technical talk for kernel devs. Don't worry if most is over your head. - - The first half is enough. +- ### Kompilatory + - [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [C++ (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) -- ### Emacs and vi(m) - - suggested by Yegge, from an old Amazon recruiting post: Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor +- ### Emacs oraz vi(m) + - Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor - vi(m): - - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) - - set of 4 videos: - - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) - - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) - - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) - - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) - - [Using Vi Instead of Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) + - zestaw 4 wideo: + - [Edytor vi/vim - Lekcja 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) + - [Edytor vi/vim - Lekcja 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) + - [Edytor vi/vim - Lekcja 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) + - [Edytor vi/vim - Lekcja 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) + - [Używanie Vi zamiast Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) - emacs: - - [Basics Emacs Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) - - set of 3 (videos): + - [Basics Emacs Tutorial (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) + - zestaw 3-ch (wideo): - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) - - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) + - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) - - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) + - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) -- ### Unix command line tools - - suggested by Yegge, from an old Amazon recruiting post. I filled in the list below from good tools. - - [ ] bash - - [ ] cat - - [ ] grep - - [ ] sed - - [ ] awk - - [ ] curl or wget - - [ ] sort - - [ ] tr - - [ ] uniq - - [ ] [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) - - [ ] [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) +- ### Narzędzia wiersza poleceń systemu Unix + - I filled in the list below from good tools. + - bash + - cat + - grep + - sed + - awk + - curl or wget + - sort + - tr + - uniq + - [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) -- ### Information theory (videos) - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) - - [ ] more about Markov processes: - - [ ] [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) +- ### Teoria informacji (filmy) + - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - more about Markov processes: + - [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below. -- ### Parity & Hamming Code (videos) - - [ ] [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) - - [ ] [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) - - [ ] Hamming Code: +- ### Parity & Hamming Code (wideo) + - [Wprowadzenie](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [Kontrola parzystości](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - Hamming Code: - [Error detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) - - [ ] [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + - [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) -- ### Entropy - - also see videos below - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) +- ### Entropia + - zobacz też materiały wideo poniżej + - upewnij się że widziałeś wcześniej wideo z teorii informacji + - [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) -- ### Cryptography - - also see videos below - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) - - [ ] [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) - - [ ] [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) +- ### Kryptografia + - zobacz też materiały wideo poniżej + - upewnij się że widziałeś wcześniej wideo z teorii informacji + - [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) -- ### Compression - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] Computerphile (videos): - - [ ] [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) - - [ ] [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) - - [ ] [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) - - [ ] [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) - - [ ] [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) - - [ ] [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) - - [ ] [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) - - [ ] [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) +- ### Kompresja + - upewnij się że widziałeś wcześniej wideo z teorii informacji + - Computerphile (wideo): + - [Kompresja](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [Entropia w kompresji](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [Upside Down Trees (Drzewa Huffman)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Drzewa Huffman](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [(opcjonalnie) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) -- ### Networking - - **if you have networking experience or want to be a systems engineer, expect questions** - - otherwise, this is just good to know - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) - - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) - - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) - - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) - - [ ] [HTTP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) - - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) - - [ ] [SSL/TLS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) - - [ ] [HTTP 2.0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) - - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) - - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) - - [ ] Sockets: - - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) - - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) - -- ### Computer Security +- ### Bezpieczeństwo komputerowe - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) - - [ ] [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) - - [ ] [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) - - [ ] [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- ### Garbage collection - - [ ] [Garbage collection (Java); Augmenting data str (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) - - [ ] [Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) - - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) - - [ ] [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) +- ### Garbage collection - Odśmiecanie pamięci + - [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) - ### Parallel Programming - - [ ] [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) - - [ ] [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + - [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) - ### Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems - - [ ] [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) - - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) - - [ ] [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) - - [Tutorials](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) - - [ ] [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) - - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) - - [ ] [Redis](http://redis.io/) - - [Tutorial](http://try.redis.io/) - - [ ] [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) - - [ ] [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) - - [ ] [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) - - [Get Started](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) - - [ ] [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) - - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) - - [ ] [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) - - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) - - [ ] [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) - - [ ] [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) - - [ ] [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) - - [ ] [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + - [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [Samouczek](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) + - [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [Samouczki](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) + - [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) + - [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [Samouczek](http://try.redis.io/) + - [Amazon SQS (kolejka)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [Rozpocznij](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) + - [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [Pierwsze kroki z Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) + - [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [Wstęp - przeczytaj podręcznik](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) + - [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) -- ### Fast Fourier Transform - - [ ] [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) - - [ ] [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) - - [ ] [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) - - [ ] [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) +- ### A* + - [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) -- ### Bloom Filter +- ### Szybka transformata Fouriera + - [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [What is the Fourier Transform? (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [Divide & Conquer: FFT (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + +- ### Filtr Blooma - Given a Bloom filter with m bits and k hashing functions, both insertion and membership testing are O(k) - - [Bloom Filters](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) - - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - [Bloom Filters (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) - [How To Write A Bloom Filter App](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) @@ -1640,32 +1655,14 @@ You're never really done. - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) - ### van Emde Boas Trees - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) - - [ ] [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + - [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) -- ### Augmented Data Structures - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://youtu.be/zksIj9O8_jc?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&t=950) + - ### Rozszerzone struktury danych + - [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) -- ### Tries - - Note there are different kinds of tries. Some have prefixes, some don't, and some use string instead of bits - to track the path. - - I read through code, but will not implement. - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buq2bn8x3Vo&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LelV-kkYMIg&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ&index=1) - - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) - - [ ] Short course videos: - - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) - - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) - - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) - - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) - - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/using-tries/) - - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) - - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - -- ### Balanced search trees - - Know least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented): +- ### Zrównoważone drzewa wyszukiwania + - Know at least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented): - "Among balanced search trees, AVL and 2/3 trees are now passé, and red-black trees seem to be more popular. A particularly interesting self-organizing data structure is the splay tree, which uses rotations to move any accessed key to the root." - Skiena @@ -1676,31 +1673,31 @@ You're never really done. If you end up implementing red/black tree try just these: - search and insertion functions, skipping delete - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets. - - [ ] [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + - [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) - - [ ] **AVL trees** + - **AVL trees** - In practice: From what I can tell, these aren't used much in practice, but I could see where they would be: The AVL tree is another structure supporting O(log n) search, insertion, and removal. It is more rigidly balanced than red–black trees, leading to slower insertion and removal but faster retrieval. This makes it attractive for data structures that may be built once and loaded without reconstruction, such as language dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter). - - [ ] [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) - - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + - [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [AVL Trees (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [AVL Tree Implementation (wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) - - [ ] **Splay trees** + - **Splay trees** - In practice: Splay trees are typically used in the implementation of caches, memory allocators, routers, garbage collectors, data compression, ropes (replacement of string used for long text strings), in Windows NT (in the virtual memory, networking and file system code) etc. - - [ ] [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Najzh1rYQTo&index=23&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) - - [ ] MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: + - [CS 61B: Splay Trees (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) + - MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: - Gets very mathy, but watch the last 10 minutes for sure. - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) - - [ ] **Red/black trees** + - **Red/black trees** - these are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below) - In practice: Red–black trees offer worst-case guarantees for insertion time, deletion time, and search time. @@ -1710,47 +1707,48 @@ You're never really done. the Completely Fair Scheduler used in current Linux kernels uses red–black trees. In the version 8 of Java, the Collection HashMap has been modified such that instead of using a LinkedList to store identical elements with poor hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used. - - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) - - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - - [ ] [Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (wideo)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) - - [ ] **2-3 search trees** + - **2-3 search trees** - In practice: 2-3 trees have faster inserts at the expense of slower searches (since height is more compared to AVL trees). - You would use 2-3 tree very rarely because its implementation involves different types of nodes. Instead, people use Red Black trees. - - [ ] [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) - - [ ] [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** + - **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** - In practice: For every 2-4 tree, there are corresponding red–black trees with data elements in the same order. The insertion and deletion operations on 2-4 trees are also equivalent to color-flipping and rotations in red–black trees. This makes 2-4 trees an important tool for understanding the logic behind red–black trees, and this is why many introductory algorithm texts introduce 2-4 trees just before red–black trees, even though **2-4 trees are not often used in practice**. - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqrqYXkth6Q&index=26&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - - [ ] [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + - [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) + - [Bottom Up 234-Trees (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [Top Down 234-Trees (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) - - [ ] **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** + - **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** - note: the N or K is the branching factor (max branches) - binary trees are a 2-ary tree, with branching factor = 2 - 2-3 trees are 3-ary - - [ ] [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + - [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) - - [ ] **B-Trees** + - **B-Trees** - fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor) - In Practice: B-Trees are widely used in databases. Most modern filesystems use B-trees (or Variants). In addition to its use in databases, the B-tree is also used in filesystems to allow quick random access to an arbitrary block in a particular file. The basic problem is turning the file block i address into a disk block (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address. - - [ ] [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) - - [ ] [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) - - [ ] [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [B-Tree Datastructure](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) + - [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) @@ -1758,57 +1756,57 @@ You're never really done. - ### k-D Trees - great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object - a good fit for k-nearest neighbors - - [ ] [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) - - [ ] [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + - [Kd Trees (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - [kNN K-d tree algorithm (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) - ### Skip lists - "These are somewhat of a cult data structure" - Skiena - - [ ] [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + - [Randomization: Skip Lists (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) - ### Network Flows - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - - [ ] [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + - [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) + - [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [Network Flows (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) - ### Disjoint Sets & Union Find - - [ ] [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAEGXTwmUsI&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=21) - - [ ] [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) + - [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) + - [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 wideo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) - ### Math for Fast Processing - - [ ] [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + - [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) -- ### Treap +- ### Sterta - Combination of a binary search tree and a heap - - [ ] [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) - - [ ] [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) - - [ ] [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + - [Sterta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [Struktury danych: wytłumaczenie sterty (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) -- ### Linear Programming (videos) - - [ ] [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) - - [ ] [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) - - [ ] [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) - - [ ] [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) +- ### Programowanie liniowe (wideo) + - [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) - ### Geometry, Convex hull (videos) - - [ ] [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) - - [ ] [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + - [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) -- ### Discrete math - - see videos below +- ### Matematyka dyskretna + - zobacz wideo poniżej -- ### Machine Learning - - [ ] Why ML? - - [ ] [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) - - [ ] [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) - - [ ] [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) - - [ ] [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) - - [ ] [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) - - [ ] [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) - - [ ] [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) - - [ ] [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) +- ### Machine Learning - Uczenie maszynowe + - Czemu ML? + - [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + - [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + - [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + - [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + - [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + - [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) + - [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) - Courses: - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) - [videos only](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) @@ -1826,153 +1824,198 @@ You're never really done. - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ -- ### Go - - [ ] Videos: - - [ ] [Why Learn Go?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTl0tl9BGdc) - - [ ] [Go Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CF9S4QZuV30) - - [ ] [A Tour of Go](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytEkHepK08c) - - [ ] Books: - - [ ] [An Introduction to Programming in Go (read free online)](https://www.golang-book.com/books/intro) - - [ ] [The Go Programming Language (Donovan & Kernighan)](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Addison-Wesley-Professional-Computing/dp/0134190440) - - [ ] [Bootcamp](https://www.golang-book.com/guides/bootcamp) +--- --- - -## Additional Detail on Some Subjects +## Dodatkowe szczegóły na niektóre tematy I added these to reinforce some ideas already presented above, but didn't want to include them above because it's just too much. It's easy to overdo it on a subject. You want to get hired in this century, right? -- [ ] **Union-Find** - - [ ] [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) - - [ ] [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) - - [ ] [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) - - [ ] [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) - - [ ] [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) - - [ ] [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) +- **SOLID** + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use + - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. + - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) -- [ ] **More Dynamic Programming** (videos) - - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) - - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) - - [ ] [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) - - [ ] [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) -- [ ] **Advanced Graph Processing** (videos) - - [ ] [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) - - [ ] [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) +- **Union-Find** + - [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) -- [ ] MIT **Probability** (mathy, and go slowly, which is good for mathy things) (videos): - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) +- **Bardziej dynamiczne programowanie** (wideo) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + - [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + - [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) -- [ ] [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) +- **Zaawansowane przetwarzanie wykresów** (wideos) + - [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) -- [ ] **String Matching** - - [ ] Rabin-Karp (videos): +- MIT **Prawdopodobieństwo** (matma, i idź po mału, co jest dobre dla takich rzeczy) (wideos): + - [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) + +- [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) + +- **String Matching** + - Rabin-Karp (videos): - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) - - [ ] Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): + - Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): - [TThe Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) - - [ ] Boyer–Moore string search algorithm + - Boyer–Moore string search algorithm - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) - - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) - - [ ] [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) + - [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) - starts off great, but by the time it gets past KMP it gets more complicated than it needs to be - nice explanation of tries - can be skipped -- [ ] **Sorting** +- **Sortowania** - - [ ] Stanford lectures on sorting: - - [ ] [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): - - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) - - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) - - [ ] Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: - - [ ] [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + - Stanford lectures on sorting: + - [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: + - [lecture begins at 26:46 (wideo)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [lecture begins at 27:40 (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 35:00 (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 23:50 (wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) -## Video Series +## Serie wideo -Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P +Usiądź i spędź miło czas. "Netflix and skill" :P -- [ ] [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) +- [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) -- [ ] [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) +- [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) -- [ ] [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) +- [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) -- [ ] [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) +- [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) -- [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) +- [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) +- [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) +- [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) -- [ ] CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) +- CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 filmy) - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFPmKGIrQs4&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJJeUFyuvvg&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) +- [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 wideo)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) -- [ ] [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) +- [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr) +- ~~[UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 filmy)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~ -- [ ] [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) +- [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDSlqjcPpoL64CJdF0Qee5oWqGS6we_Yu) -- [ ] [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) +- [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) -- [ ] [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) +- [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) -- [ ] [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) +- [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) -- [ ] [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) +- [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) -- [ ] [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) +- [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) -- [ ] [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) +- [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) -- [ ] [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) +- [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) -- [ ] [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) +- [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) -- [ ] [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) +- [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) -- [ ] [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) +- [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) -- [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) +- [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=9D558D49CA734A02) +- [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) -- [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) +- [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) -- [ ] [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) +- [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) -- [ ] [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) +- [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 wideo)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) -## Computer Science Courses +## Kursy Computer Science -- [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) -- [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) +- [Katalog internetowych kursów informatyki](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) +- [Katalog kursów informatyki (wiele z wykładami online)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) + +## Literatura + +- [Lubisz tradycyjne prace naukowe?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) +- [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [zaimplementowane w Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) +- [2003: System plików Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - zastąpiony przez Colossus w 2012 r +- [2004: MapReduce: Uproszczone przetwarzanie danych w dużych klastrach]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - w większości zastąpiony przez Cloud Dataflow? +- [2006: Bigtable: Rozproszony system przechowywania danych strukturalnych](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) + - [Spojrzenie od wewnątrz na Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) +- [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) + - [2007: Dynamo: Wysoce dostępny magazyn Amazon o kluczowej wartości](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) + - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution +- [2007: Co każdy programista powinien wiedzieć o pamięci (bardzo długie, ale autor zachęca do pomijania niektórych sekcji)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) +- [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) +- [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) +- [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) + - paper not available +- 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: + - [praca (pdf)](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [film](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) +- 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: + - [praca (pdf)](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [film](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) +- [2014: Machine Learning: Wysokooprocentowana karta kredytowa długu technicznego](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) +- [2015: Continuous Pipelines w Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +- [2015: Wysoka dostępność na masową skalę: budowanie infrastruktury danych Google dla reklam](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +- [2015: TensorFlow: Wielkoskalowe uczenie maszynowe w heterogenicznych systemach rozproszonych](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) +- [2015: Jak programiści szukają kodu: studium przypadku](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +- [2016: Borg, Omega oraz Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) + + +## LICENCJA + +[CC-BY-SA-4.0](./LICENSE.txt) + +Polska wersja od: @[mbiesiad](https://github.com/mbiesiad) diff --git a/translations/README-ptbr.md b/translations/README-ptbr.md index 03c11d3..304cabe 100644 --- a/translations/README-ptbr.md +++ b/translations/README-ptbr.md @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ # Universidade de Entrevista de Programação -> Originalmente eu criei isso como uma pequena lista to-do de tópicos de estudo para se tornar um engenheiro de software, -> mas isso cresceu para a grande lista que você vê hoje. Após passar por esse plano de estudo, [Eu fui contratado +> Originalmente eu criei isso como uma pequena lista to-do (a fazer) de tópicos de estudo para se tornar um engenheiro de software, +> mas isso cresceu para este imenso acervo que você consulta hoje. Após passar por todo esse plano de estudo, [Eu fui contratado > como Engenheiro de Desenvolvimento de Software na Amazon](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! > Você provavelmente não vai precisar estudar tanto quanto eu. De qualquer maneira, tudo que você precisa está aqui. > > Os itens listados aqui irão preparar você muito bem para uma entrevista em praticamente qualquer empresa de software, -> incluindo as gigantes: Amazon, Facebook, Google ou Microsoft. +> incluindo as gigantes como: Amazon, Facebook, Google ou Microsoft. > > *Boa sorte para todos vocês!* -**Original**: [Inglês](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/README.md) +**Original**: [Inglês](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/README.md) - [Acompanhe o progresso da tradução aqui!](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/pull/115) @@ -39,17 +39,70 @@ Traduções em progresso: - [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) - [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) - [Italian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) - + +
+
+

+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

+

+ Special thanks to: +

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+ Founded in 2018, OSS Capital is the first and only venture capital platform focused
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+ Dev environments built for the cloud +

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+
+ Natively integrated with GitLab, GitHub, and Bitbucket, Gitpod automatically and continuously prebuilds dev environments for all your branches. As a result team members can instantly start coding with fresh dev environments for each new task - no matter if you are building a new feature, want to fix a bug, or work on a code review. +
+ +

+
+
+ ## O que é isso? -Esse é o meu plano de estudo mensal para ir de desenvolvedor web (autodidata, sem formação em Ciência da Computação) à engenheiro de software para uma grande empresa. +Esse é o meu plano de estudo mensal para ir de desenvolvedor web (autodidata, sem formação em Ciência da Computação) à engenheiro de software em uma grande empresa. -![Programando no quadro branco - do Vale do Silício da HBO](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) +![Programando no quadro branco - do Vale do Silício da HBO](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) Essa longa lista foi extraída e expandida a partir das **anotações de treinamento da Google**, então essas são as coisas que você precisa saber. Eu adicionei alguns itens extras no final que podem aparecer na entrevista ou serem úteis para resolver um problema. Muitos itens são da obra “[Get that job at Google](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)” (Consiga aquele trabalho na Google) de Steve Yegge's e às vezes são expressados palavra-por-palavra nas anotações de treinamento da Google. -Isso é direcionado à **engenheiros de software novos** ou àqueles que estão migrando de desenvolvimento de software/web para engenharia de software (onde conhecimento de ciência da computação é necessário). Se você tem vários anos de experiência e está alegando muitos anos de experiência com engenharia de software, pode esperar por uma entrevista mais difícil. +Isso é direcionado à **novos engenheiros de software**, ou àqueles que estão migrando de desenvolvimento de software/web para engenharia de software, onde conhecimento sobre ciência da computação é necessário. Se você tem vários anos de experiência e está alegando muitos anos de experiência com engenharia de software, pode esperar por uma entrevista mais difícil. Se você tem vários anos de experiência com desenvolvimento de software/web, observe que grandes empresas como Google, Amazon, Facebook e Microsoft consideram engenharia de software como algo distinto de desenvolvimento de software/web e elas requerem conhecimento de ciência da computação. @@ -73,13 +126,13 @@ Se você quer ser um engenheiro de confiabilidade ou engenheiro de sistemas, est - [Conhecimento Prévio](#conhecimento-prévio) - [Complexidade Algorítmica / Big-O / Análise assintótica](#complexidade-algorítmica--big-o--análise-assintótica) - [Estrutura de Dados](#estrutura-de-dados) - - [Arrays](#arrays) - - [Listas Ligadas](#listas-ligadas) - - [Stack](#stack) - - [Queue (Fila)](#queue-fila) - - [Tabela hash](#tabela-hash) + - [Vetores (Arrays)](#arrays) + - [Listas Ligadas (Linked List)](#listas-ligadas) + - [Pilha (Stack)](#stack) + - [Fila (Queue)](#queue-fila) + - [Tabela hash (Hash Table)](#tabela-hash) - [Mais Conhecimento](#mais-conhecimento) - - [Busca binária](#busca-binária) + - [Busca binária ( Binary Search)](#busca-binária) - [Lógica binária](#lógica-binária) - [Árvores](#Árvores) - [Árvores - Anotações e Fundamentos](#Árvores---anotações-e-fundamentos) @@ -88,17 +141,17 @@ Se você quer ser um engenheiro de confiabilidade ou engenheiro de sistemas, est - árvores de busca balanceadas (conceito geral, não detalhes) - transversais: pré-ordem, em-ordem (ordem simétrica), pós-ordem, busca em largura, busca em profundidade - [Ordenação](#ordenação) - - seleção - - inserção - - heapsort - - quicksort - - ordenação por mistura (merge sort) + - Seleção + - Inserção + - Heapsort + - Quicksort + - Merge sort - [Grafos](#grafos) - - directed - - undirected - - matriz de adjacência - - lista de adjacência - - traversals: BFS, DFS + - Diretos + - Indiretos + - Matriz de Adjacência + - Lista de Adjacência + - Traversals: BFS, DFS - [Ainda Mais Conhecimento](#ainda-mais-conhecimento) - [Recursão](#recursão) - [Programação Dinâmica](#programação-dinâmica) @@ -113,7 +166,7 @@ Se você quer ser um engenheiro de confiabilidade ou engenheiro de sistemas, est - [Agendamento](#agendamento) - [Implementar rotinas de sistema](#implementar-rotinas-de-sistema) - [Busca de string e manipulações](#busca-de-string-e-manipulações) - - [Tries (ou Árvore de Prefixos)](#tries-ou-Árvore-de-prefixos) + - [Árvore de Prefixos (Tries)](#tries-ou-Árvore-de-prefixos) - [Números de Ponto Flutuantes ("Floating Point Numbers")](#números-de-ponto-flutuantes-floating-point-numbers) - [Unicode](#unicode) - [Extremidade (ordenação) (ou "endianness" em Inglês)](#extremidade-ordenação-ou-endianness-em-inglês) @@ -178,13 +231,13 @@ Se você quer ser um engenheiro de confiabilidade ou engenheiro de sistemas, est ## Por que usar? Quando eu comecei esse projeto, eu não sabia diferenciar memória dinâmica de memória estática, não sabia notação Big-O, árvores, ou como percorrer um grafo. Se eu tivesse que escrever um algoritmo de ordenação, eu posso te dizer que ele não seria muito bom. -Todas as estruturas de dados que eu já usei eram construídas dentro da linguagem, e eu não sabia como elas funcionavam por debaixo dos panos. Eu nunca tive que gerenciar memória a não ser que um processo que eu estava rodando desse um erro de "memória insuficiente", nesse caso eu teria que dar um jeito. Eu já usei alguns arrays multidimensionais na minha vida e milhares de arrays associativos, mas eu nunca criei estruturas de dados do zero. +Todas as estruturas de dados que eu já usei eram construídas dentro da linguagem, e eu não sabia como elas funcionavam por debaixo dos panos. Eu nunca tive que gerenciar memória a não ser que um processo que eu estava rodando desse um erro de "memória insuficiente", nesse caso eu teria que dar um jeito. Eu já usei alguns vetores multidimensionais na minha vida e milhares de vetores associativos, mas eu nunca criei estruturas de dados do zero. É um longo plano. Você vai levar meses. Se você já é familiarizado com muitas dessas coisas, você vai precisar de muito menos tempo. ## Como usar -Tudo abaixo é um esboço, e você deve abordar os itens em ordem de cima para baixo. +**Tudo abaixo é um esboço**, e você deve abordar os itens em ordem de cima para baixo. Eu estou usando a sintaxe de markdown especial do Github, incluindo listas de tarefas para verificar o progresso. @@ -205,7 +258,7 @@ Eu estou usando a sintaxe de markdown especial do Github, incluindo listas de ta `git commit -m "Marked x" ` -`git rebase jwasham/master ` +`git rebase jwasham/main ` `git push --force ` @@ -316,7 +369,7 @@ Se você tem mais tempo (eu quero esse livro): Se você ler um desses, você deverá ter todo conhecimento de estrutura de dados e algoritmos que precisará para começar a resolver problemas de programação. **Você pode pular todas as aulas em vídeo nesse projeto**, a não ser que você queira uma revisão. -[Recursos adicionais específicos a cada linguagem aqui.](programming-language-resources.md) +[Recursos adicionais específicos a cada linguagem aqui.](../programming-language-resources.md) ### C++ @@ -393,13 +446,13 @@ OU: ## Antes de começar -Essa lista cresceu por longos meses, e sim, ela meio que saiu do controle. +Essa lista cresceu por longos meses, e sim, ela meio que saiu do controle! -Aqui estão alguns erros que eu cometi para que você tenha uma experiência melhor. +**Aqui estão alguns erros que eu cometi para que você tenha uma experiência melhor**. ### 1. Você não se lembrará de tudo -Assisti a horas de vídeos e fiz anotações e meses depois havia muito que eu não lembrava. Eu passei 3 dias revisando minhas anotaçes e fazendo flashcards para que eu pudesse relembrar. +Assisti a horas de vídeos e fiz anotações e meses depois havia muito que eu não lembrava. Eu passei 3 dias revisando minhas anotações e fazendo flashcards para que eu pudesse relembrar. Por favor, leia para que você não cometa os meus erros: @@ -415,8 +468,8 @@ Eu fiz um website focado em mobile para que eu pudesse rever no meu celular, tab Faça o seu próprio, grátis: - [Repositório de flashcards](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [Minha base de dados de flashcards (antigo - 1200 cartões)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): -- [Minha base de dados de flashcards (novo - 1800 cartões)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): +- [Minha base de dados de flashcards (antigo - 1200 cartões)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [Minha base de dados de flashcards (novo - 1800 cartões)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): Tenha em mente que eu exagerei e tenho cartões abrangendo desde linguagem assembly e trivialidades de Python até aprendizado de máquina e estatísticas. É demais para o que é requerido.  @@ -467,9 +520,9 @@ Por que programar em todas essas linguagens? Talvez eu não tenha tempo para fazer tudo isso para cada tema, mas eu vou tentar. Você pode ver meu código aqui: - - [C] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) - - [C++] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) - - [Python] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) Você não precisa memorizar os detalhes intrínsecos de cada algoritmo. @@ -650,7 +703,7 @@ Escreva código em um quadro branco ou papel, não em um computador. Teste com u - busca binária usando recursividade - ### Lógica binária - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) (Folha de consultas sobre Bits) - você deve conhecer várias das potências de 2 de (2^1 até 2^16 e 2^32) + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) (Folha de consultas sobre Bits) - você deve conhecer várias das potências de 2 de (2^1 até 2^16 e 2^32) - [ ] Consiga um bom entendimento sobre manipulação de bits com: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) (palavras) - [ ] Boa introdução: @@ -679,7 +732,6 @@ Escreva código em um quadro branco ou papel, não em um computador. Teste com u ## Árvores - ### Árvores - Anotações e Fundamentos - - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) (Série: Fundamentos de Árvores - vídeo) - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) (Série: Árvores - vídeo) - contrução básica de árvore - transversal @@ -903,7 +955,7 @@ Você ganhará mais prática com grafos no livro do Skiena (veja a seção de li - quando é apropriado usá-la - como a recursão de cauda é melhor do que nada? - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) (O Que É Recursão de Cauda E Por Que Ela É Tão Ruim?) - - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) (Recursão de Cauda - vídeo) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) (Recursão de Cauda - vídeo) - ### Programação Dinâmica - Esse assunto pode ser bem difícil, já que cada problema solúvel de PD deve ser definido como uma relação de recursão, e isso pode ser complicado. @@ -1133,17 +1185,17 @@ Você ganhará mais prática com grafos no livro do Skiena (veja a seção de li - Note que há tipos diferentes de tries. Alguns tem prefixos, alguns não, e alguns usam string ao invés de bits para rastrear o caminho. - Eu li todo o código, mas não irei implementar. - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 vídeos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [1. Tries R-Way](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buq2bn8x3Vo&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LelV-kkYMIg&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) (Tries de Busca Ternária) - - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ&index=1) (Operações Baseadas Em Caracteres) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 vídeos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. Tries R-Way](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) + - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) (Tries de Busca Ternária) + - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) (Operações Baseadas Em Caracteres) - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) (Anotações sobre Estruturas de Dados e Técnicas de Programação) - [ ] Vídeos de cursos curtos: - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) (Introdução À Tries - vídeo) - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) (Desempenho De Tries - vídeo) - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) (Implementando Uma Trie - vídeo) - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) (A Trie: Uma Estrutura de Dados Negligenciada) - - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/using-tries/) (TopCoder - Usando Tries) + - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/using-tries) (TopCoder - Usando Tries) - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) (Aula de Stanfort (caso de uso no mundo real) - vídeo) - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (pode ficar bem obscuro pela metade)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) (MIT, Estruturas De Dados Avançadas, Strings) @@ -1275,7 +1327,7 @@ Você ganhará mais prática com grafos no livro do Skiena (veja a seção de li - [ ] Praticando o processo de design de sistema: Aqui estão algumas ideias para tentar trabalhar no papel, cada uma com documentação sobre como ela foi tratada no mundo real: - revisão: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) (A Base de Design de Sistema) - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) (Design de Sistema, por HiredInTech) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) (folha de consultas) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) (folha de consultas) - fluxo: 1. Compreenda o problema e seu escopo: - defina os casos de uso, com a ajuda do entrevistador @@ -1407,7 +1459,7 @@ Websites de desafios: - [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) - [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) - [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) - [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) Repositórios de desafios: @@ -1598,7 +1650,6 @@ Esses tópicos provavelmente não aparecerão em uma entrevista, mas eu adicione - [ ] [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) (Ataques Side-Channel) - ### Coleta de lixo - - [ ] [Garbage collection (Java); Augmenting data str (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) (Coleta de lixo - Java) - [ ] [Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) (Compiladores - vídeo) - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) (Coleta de lixo em Python - vídeo) - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) (Mergulhando Fundo em Java: Coleta de Lixo é Bom) @@ -1912,7 +1963,7 @@ Sente-se e aproveite. "Netflix e habilidade" :P - [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) (Ciência da Computação 70, 001 - Primavera de 2005 - Matemática Discreta e Teoria de Probabilidade) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) (Matemática Discreta por Shai Simonson - 19 vídeos) +- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) (Matemática Discreta por Shai Simonson - 19 vídeos) - [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) (Matemática Discreta Parte 1 por Sarada Herke - 5 vídeos) @@ -1953,7 +2004,7 @@ Sente-se e aproveite. "Netflix e habilidade" :P - [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) (MIT 6.858 Segurança de Sistemas de Computador, Outono de 2014) -- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=9D558D49CA734A02) (Stanford: Paradigmas de Programação - 27 vídeos) +- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) (Stanford: Paradigmas de Programação - 27 vídeos) - [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) (Introdução a Criptografia por Christof Paar) - [Website de Curso junto com Slides e Conjuntos de Problemas](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) @@ -1965,4 +2016,4 @@ Sente-se e aproveite. "Netflix e habilidade" :P ## Cursos de Ciência da Computação - [Diretório de Cursos Online de Ciência da Computação](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) -- [Diretório de Cursos Online de Ciência da Computação (muitos com aulas online)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) +- [Diretório de Cursos Online de Ciência da Computação (muitos com aulas online)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translations/README-ru.md b/translations/README-ru.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77b559b --- /dev/null +++ b/translations/README-ru.md @@ -0,0 +1,2048 @@ +# Google Interview University + +Оригинальная версия: [Английский](../README.md) + +
+
+

+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

+

+ Особые благодарности: +

+

+ +

+
+

+ Applying to jobs? Autofill all your applications in 1-click. +

+
+
+ Stop manually re-entering your information. Simplify’s extension helps you autofill jobs & internship applications on millions of sites. +
+ +

+
+

+ +

+
+ Основанная в 2018, OSS Capital - первая и единственная венчурная платформа, ориентированная
исключительно для поддержки основателей стартапов на ранней стадии COSS (commercial open source - коммерческий открытый источник). +
+ +

+
+

+ +

+
+

+ Среды разработки, созданные для облачных сервисов +

+
+
+ + Изначально интегрированный с GitLab, GitHub и Bitbucket, Gitpod автоматически, продолжительно и предварительно собирает + среды разработки всех ветвей (branches). В результате члены команды могут мгновенно приступить к написанию кода с новыми + средами разработки для каждой новой задачи - независимо от того, создаете ли вы новую функцию (feature), хотите исправить ошибку + или работаете над проверкой кода (code review). + +
+ +

+
+
+ +## Для кого это? + +Это мой учебный план, рассчитанный на несколько месяцев для веб-разработчиков, не имеющих образования в Computer Science (CS) +и планирующих работать инженерами-программистами (software engineer) в компании Google. + +![Кодирование на доске - из телесериала канала HBO Кремниевая Долина](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) + +За основу учебного плана я взял список вопросов **Google's coaching notes** и значительно расширил его. Тут вы найдёте +много полезных вещей, которые необходимо знать. Дополнительные вопросы я добавил в конец списка: их могут задавать на +интервью, a также они могут быть полезны в решении повседневных задач. Некоторые пункты я взял из поста Стива Йеги (Steve Yegge) +"[Получить работу в Google](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)", а некоторые слово в слово +соответствуют вопросам, разбираемых Google в их постах о подготовке. + +Я сократил тот объем знаний, который необходим, по сравнению с рекомендациями Йеги. Я изменил требования Йеги исходя +из той информации, которую мне предоставил мой знакомый из Google. Это важно для тех, кто сейчас еще **новички в +разработке программного обеспечения** или являются веб-разработчиками и планируют стать инженерами-программистами +(это та профессия где требуются знания в области CS). Если вы опытный разработчик, ожидайте что собеседование будет сложным. +[Подробнее](https://googleyasheck.com/what-you-need-to-know-for-your-google-interview-and-what-you-dont/). + +Если вы обладаете многолетним опытом разработки ПО, помните, что Google разделяет понятия инженер-программист и +разработчик ПО/веб-разработчик. Первое требует знаний в области CS. + +Если вы хотите быть инженерами обеспечивающими надежность ПО или системными инженерами, то уделите внимание вопросам из +опционального списка (разделы Сеть, Безопасность). + +--- + +## Содержание + +- [Для кого это?](#Для-кого-это) +- [Чем это полезно?](#Чем-это-полезно) +- [Как пользоваться](#Как-пользоваться) +- [Получи гугловское настроение](#Получи-гугловское-настроение) +- [Получил ли я работу?](#Получил-ли-я-работу) +- [Двигайся вместе со мной](#Двигайся-вместе-со-мной) +- [Не переживайте о том, что вы недостаточно умны](#Не-переживайте-о-том,-что-вы-недостаточно-умны) +- [О Google](#О-google) +- [О видео ресурсах](#О-видео-ресурсах) +- [Процесс собеседования & Основное в подготовке к интервью](#Процесс-собеседования-Основное-в-подготовке-к-интервью) +- [Выберите один язык для собеседования](#Выберите-один-язык-для-собеседования) +- [Список книг](#Список-книг) +- [Перед тем как вы начнете](#Перед-тем-как-вы-начнете) +- [Что еще не охвачено](#То,-что-не-охватывает-этот-учебный-план) +- [Необходимые знания](#Необходимые-знания) +- [План на день](#План-на-день) +- [Сложность алгоритмов / Big-O / Асимптотический анализ](#Сложность-алгоритмов,-Big-O,-Асимптотический-анализ) +- [Структуры данных](#Структуры-данных) + - [Массивы](#Массивы) + - [Связные списки](#Связные-списки-(Linked-Lists)) + - [Стек](#Стек) + - [Очередь](#Очередь) + - [Хеш-таблицы](#Хеш-таблица) +- [Дополнительно](#Дополнительно) + - [Двоичный поиск](#Бинарный-поиск) + - [Битовые операции](#Побитовые-операции) +- [Деревья](#Деревья) + - [Деревья](#Деревья,-Заметки-и-Основные-понятия) + - [Двоичное дерево поиска: BSTs](#Бинарное-дерево-поиска-(BST:-Binary-search-trees)) + - [Куча / Очередь с приоритетом / Двоичная куча](#Куча,-Приоритетная-очередь,-Бинарная-куча) + - Сбалансированные деревья поиска (основная идея, без деталей) + - Обходы: прямой, симметричный, обратный, BFS, DFS +- [Сортировка](#Сортировка) + - выбором + - вставками + - пирамидальная + - быстрая + - слиянием +- [Графы](#Графы) + - ориентированные + - неориентированные + - матрица смежности + - лист смежности + - обходы: BFS, DFS +- [Еще больше знаний](#Еще-больше-знаний) + - [Рекурсия](#Рекурсия) + - [Объектно-ориентированное программирование](#Объектно-ориентированное-программирование) + - [Шаблоны проектирования](#Шаблоны-проектирования) + - [Комбинаторика & Вероятность](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) + - [NP, NP-полные and Аппроксимирующие алгоритмы](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) + - [Кэш](#caches) + - [Процессы и нити](#processes-and-threads) + - [Статьи](#Статьи) + - [Тестирование](#Тестирование) + - [Планирование](#Планирование) + - [Реализация системных вызовов](#Реализация-системных-вызовов) + - [Поиск в строке & манипуляции](#string-searching--manipulations) +- [Проектирование систем, Масштабируемость, Обработка данных](#system-design-scalability-data-handling) (if you have 4+ years experience) +- [Заключительный обзор](#final-review) +- [Практика: задачи по программированию](#coding-question-practice) +- [Упражнения по программированию](#coding-exerciseschallenges) +- [Перед собеседованием](#once-youre-closer-to-the-interview) +- [Ваше резюме](#your-resume) +- [Подумайте об этом когда подходит время собеседования](#be-thinking-of-for-when-the-interview-comes) +- [Приготовьте вопросы для интервьювера](#have-questions-for-the-interviewer) +- [Когда вас приняли на работу](#once-youve-got-the-job) + + +---------------- Все что ниже - опционально ---------------- + +- [Дополнительные книги](#additional-books) +- [Дополнительное обучение](#additional-learning) + - [Динамическое программирование](#dynamic-programming) + - [Компиляторы](#compilers) + - [Числа с плавующей запятой](#floating-point-numbers) + - [Unicode](#unicode) + - [Порядок следования байт](#endianness) + - [Emacs и vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) + - [Командная строка Unix](#unix-command-line-tools) + - [Теория информации](#Теория-информации) + - [Чётность & Код Хемминга](#Чётность-и-Код-Хемминга) + - [Энтропия](#Энтропия) + - [Криптография](#Криптография) + - [Сжатие](#Сжатие) + - [Сети](#Сети-и-сетевые-протоколы) + - [Компьютерная безопасность](#Компьютерная-безопасность) + - [Сборка мусора](#Сборка-мусора-(Garbage-collection)) + - [Параллельное программирование](#Параллельное-программирование) + - [Сообщения, сериализация и системы очередей](#Сообщения,-сериализация-и-системы-очередей) + - [Быстрое преобразование Фурье](#Быстрое-преобразование-Фурье) + - [Фильтр Блума](#Фильтр Блума) + - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) + - [Локально-чувствительное хеширование](#locality-sensitive-hashing) + - [Дерево ван Эмде Боаса](#van-emde-boas-trees) + - [Дополнительные структуры данных](#augmented-data-structures) + - [Префиксные деревья](#tries) + - [N-арные (K-арные, M-арные) деревья](#n-ary-k-ary-m-ary-trees) + - [Сбалансированные деревья поиска](#balanced-search-trees) + - АВЛ деревья + - Splay-деревья + - Красно-черные деревья + - 2-3 деревья поиска + - 2-3-4 деревья + - N-арные (K-арные, M-арные) деревья + - B-деревья + - [k-D деревья](#k-d-trees) + - [Списки с пропусками](#skip-lists) + - [Сеть](#network-flows) + - [Система непересекающихся множеств](#disjoint-sets--union-find) + - [Математика для быстрой обработки](#math-for-fast-processing) + - [Декартово дерево](#treap) + - [Линейное программирование](#linear-programming) + - [Геометрия, Выпуклая оболочка](#geometry-convex-hull) + - [Дискретная математика](#discrete-math) + - [Машинное обучение](#machine-learning) + - [Go](#go) +- [Дополнительные детали](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) +- [Видео](#video-series) +- [Курсы по Computer Science](#computer-science-courses) + +--- + +## Чем это полезно? + +Я следую этому плану, готовясь к собеседованию в Google. Я разрабатываю веб-приложения, сервисы и запускаю стартапы с +1997 года. У меня есть степень по экономике, но нет по CS. На данный момент у меня очень успешная карьера, но я хочу работать +в Google. Я хочу работать с большими системами и понять принципы их работы, изучить эффективность алгоритмов и различные +структуры данных, узнать, как работают низкоуровневые языки программирования. Если ты не знаешь что-то из перечисленного, +Google не возьмёт тебя на работу. + +Когда я начал этот проект, я ничего не знал о стеке, куче, Big-O, деревья и способах обхода графа. Если бы мне нужно +было писать код для сортировки, это было бы не очень хорошо. Структуры данных, которые я использовал, были частью языка, +и я не знал, как они на самом деле работали. Мне никогда не приходилось управлять памятью, если процесс, который я +запускал, сообщал об ошибке "out of memory", я искал способ как ее обойти. Я использовал в своей работе несколько +многомерных массивов и тысячи ассоциативных, но никогда не создавал структуру данных "с нуля". + +Но после выполнения этого учебного плана я поверил, что Google меня наймет. Это длинный путь. Я потрачу на это месяцы. +Если вы уже знакомы с большинством тем, то потратите намного меньше времени. + + +## Как пользоваться + +Ниже описан способ использования, вы должны выполнить пункты в описанном порядке. + +Я использую разметку Github, включающую список задач для оценки прогресса. + +- [x] Создай новую ветку и тогда ты сможешь оставлять отметки у элементов списка, просто добавляя x внутрь скобок: [x] + + Скопируй репозиторий и выполни команды перечисленные ниже + +`git checkout -b progress` + +`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university` + +`git fetch --all` + + Mark all boxes with X after you completed your changes + +`git add . ` + +`git commit -m "Marked x" ` + +`git rebase jwasham/main ` + +`git push --force ` + +[Подробнее о разметке на Github](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) + +## Получил ли я работу? + +Пока я ожидаю своей очереди. Надеюсь интервью будет скоро. + + Thanks for the referral, JP. + +## Двигайся вместе со мной + +Моя история: [Почему я готовился в течении 8 месяцев для собеседования в Google](https://medium.com/@googleyasheck/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) + +Я ещё на пути к цели. Двигаемся вперёд: + +- Twitter: [@StartupNextDoor](https://twitter.com/StartupNextDoor) +- LinkedIn: [johnawasham](https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnawasham) + +## Не переживайте о том, что вы недостаточно умны +- Успешные инженеры умные, но многие из них переживают, что недостаточно умны. +- [Миф о гениальных программистах](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +- [Это опасно, идти в одиночку: Сражаться с невидимыми монстрами в технологиях](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) + +## О Google + +- [ ] Для студентов - [Google Careers: Руководство по развитию в технологиях](https://www.google.com/about/careers/students/guide-to-technical-development.html) +- [ ] Как работает поиск: + - [ ] [The Evolution of Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTBShTwCnD4) + - [ ] [How Search Works - the story](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/) + - [ ] [How Search Works](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/) + - [ ] [How Search Works - Matt Cutts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNHR6IQJGZs) + - [ ] [How Google makes improvements to its search algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5RZOU6vK4Q) +- [ ] Серии: + - [ ] [How Google Search Dealt With Mobile](https://backchannel.com/how-google-search-dealt-with-mobile-33bc09852dc9) + - [ ] [Google's Secret Study To Find Out Our Needs](https://backchannel.com/googles-secret-study-to-find-out-our-needs-eba8700263bf) + - [ ] [Google Search Will Be Your Next Brain](https://backchannel.com/google-search-will-be-your-next-brain-5207c26e4523) + - [ ] [The Deep Mind Of Demis Hassabis](https://backchannel.com/the-deep-mind-of-demis-hassabis-156112890d8a) +- [ ] [Книга: Как работает Google](https://www.amazon.com/How-Google-Works-Eric-Schmidt/dp/1455582344) +- [ ] [Made by Google announcement - Oct 2016 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4y0KOeXViI) + +## О видео ресурсах + +Некоторые видео доступно в том случае, если вы являетесь слушателями курсов Coursera, EdX или Lynda.com +Их называют MOOCs. Некоторые курсы не имеют круглогодичного доступа и вам нужно подождать несколько месяцев, +прежде чем получите к ним доступ. Курсы на Lynda.com платные. + + Я был бы вам благодарен за помощь в добавлении бесплатных, всегда доступных публичных ресурсов, таких + как видео с YouTube сопровождающих онлайн курсы. Мне нравится использовать университетские лекции. + + +## Процесс собеседования & Основное в подготовке к интервью + +- [ ] Видео: + - [ ] [Как работать в Google: Подготовка к собеседованию на позицию инженера (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ko-KkSmp-Lk) + - [ ] [Как работать в Google: Пример кодирования/Собеседование инженера (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKu_SEDAykw) + - [ ] [Как работать в Google - Подготовка кандидатов (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWbUtlUhwa8&feature=youtu.be) + - [ ] [Советы для технического собеседования от рекрутеров из Google (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qc1owf2-220&feature=youtu.be) + - [ ] [Как работать в Google: Подготовка технического резюме (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8npJLXkcmu8) + +- [ ] Статьи: + - [ ] [Стать гуглером за три шага](http://www.google.com/about/careers/lifeatgoogle/hiringprocess/) + - [ ] [Получить работу Google](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html) + - все что он упоминает из того что вы должны знать перечисленно ниже + - [ ] (сильно устаревшее)[Как получить работу в Google, Вопросы на собеседовании, Процесс найма](http://dondodge.typepad.com/the_next_big_thing/2010/09/how-to-get-a-job-at-google-interview-questions-hiring-process.html) + - [ ] [Вопросы с собеседования по телефону](http://sites.google.com/site/steveyegge2/five-essential-phone-screen-questions) + +- [ ] Подготовительные курсы: + - [ ] [Собеседование инженера-программиста (платный курс)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): + - Как самостоятельно подготовиться к собеседованию на позицию инженера-программиста от бывшего сотрудника Google + +- [ ] Дополнительно (это не рекомендация Google, а моя собственная): + - [ ] [ABC: Программируй всегда](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) + - [ ] [4 шага к Google без образования в CS](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/four-steps-to-google-without-a-degree-8f381aa6bd5e#.asalo1vfx) + - [ ] [Кодирование на доске](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) + - [ ] [Что думает Google о найме, управлении и культуре](http://www.kpcb.com/blog/lessons-learned-how-google-thinks-about-hiring-management-and-culture) + - [ ] [Эффективное кодирование на доске в процессе собеседования](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) + - [ ] Прохождения собеседования по программированию набор 1: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Прохождения собеседования по программированию (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Прохождения собеседования по программированию с Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) + - [ ] Как получить работу в большой четверке: + - [ ] ['Как получить работу в большой четверке - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft' (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) + - [ ] [Ошибки на собеседованиях в Google](http://alexbowe.com/failing-at-google-interviews/) + +## Выберите один язык для собеседования + +Я написал небольшую статью об этом: [Важно: Выберите один язык для собеседования в Google](https://googleyasheck.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-google-interview/) + +На этапе собеседования, когда требуется программировать, вы можете использовать наиболее комфортный для вас язык +программирования. Для Google лучшим выбором будут следующие: + +- C++ +- Java +- Python + +Также подойдут: + +- JavaScript +- Ruby + +Вы должны хорошо знать выбранный язык и уметь комфортно писать на нём программы. + +Подробнее о выборе: +- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ +- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ +- https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-best-language-to-program-in-for-an-in-person-Google-interview + +[Ресурсы по языкам программирования вы можете найти тут](../programming-language-resources.md) + +Вы найдете кое-что по С, С++ и Python ниже, потому что я еще в процессе обучения. + +## Список книг + +Это краткий список того, чем я пользовался. Он сокращен для того, чтобы сэкономить ваше время. + +### Подготовка к собеседованию + +- [ ] [Собеседование по программированию в подробностях: Секреты получения твоей следующей работы, 2-е издание](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) + - ответы на C++ и Java + - рекомендации Google по обучению кандидатов + - это отличная разминка перед подробным разбором собеседования по программированию + - не так уж и сложно, некоторые задачи проще чем вам кажутся на собеседовании (из того что я прочитал) +- [ ] [Разбор собеседования по программированию, 6-е издание](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - ответа на Java + - рекомендована [Google Careers сайт](https://www.google.com/about/careers/how-we-hire/interview/) + - Если вы видели ссылку на "The Google Resume", эта книга заменена "Разбор собеседования по программированию" + ("Cracking the Coding Interview"). + +Если у вас есть много свободного времени: + +- [ ] [Элементы собеседования по программированию](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) + - весь код написан на C++, полезна если вы планируете использовать C++ на собеседовании + - хорошая книга, описывающая решения общих задач + +### Архитектура компьютера + +Если мало времени: + +- [ ] [Писать отличный код: Том 1: Понимание компьютера](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - Книга была опубликована в 2004 и отчасти она устарела, но благодаря ей вы быстро поймете как устроены компьютеры. + - Автор придумал HLA, поэтому скептически отнеситесь к примерам и упоминаниям HLA. Широко не используется, но содержит ряд примеров, демонстрирующих assembler. + - Чтение следующих глав не займет много времени и даст хорошую основу: + - Глава 2 - Представление в числовой форме + - Глава 3 - Двоичная арифметика и битовые операции + - Глава 4 - Представление числа с плавающей точкой + - Глава 5 - Представление символа + - Глава 6 - Организация памяти и доступа + - Глава 7 - Составные типы данных и объекты в памяти + - Глава 9 - Архитектура CPU + - Глава 10 - Набор инструкций + - Глава 11 - Архитектура и организация памяти + +Если вы располагаете свободным временем (я хочу купить эту книгу): + +- [ ] [Архитектура компьютера, 5-е издание: Количественный подход](https://www.amazon.com/dp/012383872X/) + +### По языкам программирования + +**Вам необходимо выбрать один язык для интервью (смотри выше).** Здесь вы найдете мои рекомендации по языкам. У меня нет информации по всем языкам, но если есть у вас - добро пожаловать. + +Если вы читали одну из них, то у вас есть достаточно знаний по алгоритмам и структурам данных и вы можете приступить к решению задач по программированию. +**Вы можете пропустить все видео лекции в этом разделе**, если не хотите повторить темы. + +[Дополнительные ресурсы по языкам программирования здесь](../programming-language-resources.md) + +### C++ + +Я не читал обе, но они весьма полезны и написаны Седжвиком (Sedgewick). Он отличный автор. + +- [ ] [Алгоритмы на C++, Части 1-4: Основы, Структуры данных, Сортировка, Поиск](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) +- [ ] [Алгоритмы на C++ Часть 5: Алгоритмы графов](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) + +Если вы можете порекомендовать литературу по C++, которая лучше, сообщите мне об этом. Я ищу лучшие книги. + +### Java + +- [ ] [Алгоритмы (Седжвик и Вайн)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - книга с видео контентом (и Седжвик!): + - [Алгоритмы I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=2) + - [Алгоритмы II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=3&view=50&sort=dd) + +или: + +- [ ] [Структуры данных и алгоритмы на Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) + - авторы Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - используется в Беркли США как опциональный учебник по введению в CS + - смотрите мой отчет по книги по Python ниже. Эта книга содержит те же темы. + +### Python + +- [ ] [Структуры данных и алгоритмы на Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - авторы Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - Я люблю эту книгу. Она содержит все что нужно и даже больше. + - Pythonic code + - мой отчет по книге: https://googleyasheck.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ + + +### Опциональные книги + +**Некоторые рекомендуют эти книги, но я думаю это перебор, если только вы не инженер-программист с большим опытом работы и не ожидаете более сложного собеседования. + +- [ ] [Руководство по разработке алгоритмов](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - Как обзор и описание проблем + - Некоторые алгоритмы вряд ли попадутся вам на собеседовании. + - Эта книга состоит из 2-х частей: + - классный учебник по структурам данных и алгоритмам + - преимущества: + - отличный учебник, содержащий обзор существующих алгоритмов + - автор описывает реальный опыт решения задач как академических, так и промышленных + - примеры кода написаны на C + - недостатки: + - местами изложение может быть неочевидным и непонятным как в CLRS (Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest, Stein), некоторые темы лучше описаны в CLRS + - главы 7, 8, 9 сложно понять, некоторые вещи плохо разъяснены или требуют больших знаний чем есть у меня + - не поймите меня неправильно: Мне нравится Skiena, его стиль и манера изложения, но я не могу стать физически Stony Brook. + - каталог алгоритмов: + - это реальная причина, почему следует купить эту книгу. + - о том, как дойти до этой части. Обновлю, когда изучу этот раздел. + - Цитата Йеги: "Больше чем какая-либо другая книга, эта помогла мне понять насколько банальны задачи на графы - они должны + быть в инструментарии каждого программиста. Книга так же включает в себя разбор базовых структур данных и алгоритмов сортировки, + что является приятным бонусом. Но важнейшей частью стала вторая часть книги, которая написана как энциклопедия, описывающая большое + количество различных алгоритмических задач и способов их решения без лишних деталей. Почти каждая страница-описание содержит + изображение, облегчающее запоминание. Это полезный способ, позволяющий запомнить и в последствии идентифицировать сотни + типов задач." + + - Можете ее арендовать + - Half.com - отличный ресурс, где можно заказать книги по выгодным ценам. + - Ответы: + - [Решения](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [Решения](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [Опечатки](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) + +- [ ] [Введение в алгоритмы](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) + - **Важно:** Чтение этой книги будет полезно только для повторения алгоритмов и структур данных. Она не научит вас программировать. + - Цитата Йеги: "Но если вы хотите идти на собеседование, отложите его пока не изучите эту книгу." + - Half.com - отличный ресурс, где можно заказать книги по выгодным ценам. + - известная как CLR, иногда CLRS, потому что Stein опоздал на игру + +- [ ] [Жемчужины программирования](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + - В первых двух главах представлены решения задач программирования (в некоторых из них используются устаревшие типы данных), но + это только введение. Это руководство по разработке программ и архитектуре, такое же как Code Complete, но более краткое. + +- ~~"Алгоритмы и программирование: Проблемы и решения" автор Shen~~ + - Отличная книга, но после разбора нескольких задач написанных на Pascal я разочаровался в его синтаксисе. + - Лучше провести время решая задачи по программированию из других книг или онлайн ресурсов. + + +## Перед тем как вы начнете + +Я создавал эту учебную программу на протяжении нескольких месяцев своими руками. + +Ниже я описал некоторые ошибки, которые я совершил. Это поможет вам их избежать. + +### 1. Вы не сможете сразу запомнить все + +Я смотрел часами видео делая заметки, но спустя несколько месяцев многое из этого я не помнил. После чего потратил +3 дня разбираясь в своих заметках и делая карточки-напоминания (flashcards) для того, чтобы потом можно было повторить пройденный материал. + +Прочитайте пожалуйста эту статью, что бы не совершать моих ошибок: + +[Как сохранить знания в CS](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) + +### 2. Используйте карточки-напоминания + +Для решения этой проблемы я сделал небольшой сайт, на котором можно добавлять карточки двух типов: общие и с кодом. +Каждая карта имеет разный формат. + +Я сделал мобильную версию сайта и могу читать карточки на мобильном телефоне или планшете. + +Сделай свой собственный бесплатно: + +- [Репозиторий сайта Flashcards](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) +- [Моя база данных с карточками](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): Имейте в виду, я сделал больше чем требуется в Google, описав все начиная с assembler и заканчивая Python с машиным обучением и статистикой. + +**Заметка о карточках:** в первый раз вы сразу вспомните ответ, но не помечайте эту карточку как изученную. Нужно просмотреть +много раз карточку и ответить правильно прежде чем вы действительно ее запомните. Повторение позволяет мозгу надолго +запомнить материал. + +В качестве альтернативы вы можете использовать сайт [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), который мне рекомендовали много раз. Он использует систему повторений для того что бы помочь вам запомнить. +Это ресурс user-friendly, доступен на всех платформах и имеет возможность синхронизации с облаком. На платформе iOS стоит 25$, на других бесплатный. + +Моя база данных в формате Anki: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (спасибо [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) + +### 3. Повторение, повторение, повторение + +У меня постоянно с собой шпаргалки по ASCII, стеку OSI, Big-O нотации и другим темам. Я повторяю их когда у меня есть свободное время. + +Делай перерывы от программирования на пол часа и повторяй свои карточки. + +### 4. Фокусируйтесь + +Есть много отвлекающих факторов, на которые тратится время. Сосредотачиваться и концентрироваться сложно. + +## То, что не охватывает этот учебный план + +Это список персональных тем, взятых из заметок Google по подготовке к собеседованию. Это распространенные технологии, +но они не встречаются в других ресурсах: + +- SQL +- JavaScript +- HTML, CSS и другие front-end технологии + +## План на день + +Для изучения некоторых тем требуется один день, для других несколько. Некоторые нужно только изучить и не нужно программировать. + +Каждый день я беру одну тему из списка ниже, смотрю видео на эту тему и программирую, используя пройденный материал: +- C - используя структуры и функции, которые в качестве аргументов принимают указатель на структуру или что-нибудь еще. +- C++ - без использования встроенных типов +- C++ - используя встроенные типы, такие как std::list для связанного списка +- Python - используя встроенные типы (для практики на Python) +- написание тестов для проверки правильности кода, иногда просто используя выражение assert() +- Вы можете программировать на Java или других языках, это только лишь мой выбор. + +Вам не нужны все эти языки для собеседования, нужен только один [один язык для собеседования](#Выберите-один-язык-для-собеседования). + +Зачем нужно программировать на нескольких языках: +- Практика, практика, практика пока это не надоедает мне я программирую +- Работа в рамках установленных ограничений (выделение/освобождение памяти без помощи сборщика мусора (кроме Python)) +- Используйте встроенные типы, потому как у меня есть опыт использования встроенных инструментах в реальных проектах (нет смысла в написание своей реализации связанного списка для продакшена) + +У меня может и не будет времени на все это, но я попробую. + + +Вы можете посмотреть на мой код тут: + - [C] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + +Вам не нужно запоминать внутренности каждого алгоритма. + +Пишите код на доске или листе бумаги, но не компьютере. Проверяйте на простых входных данных. Затем тестируйте на компьютере. + +## Необходимые знания + +- [ ] **Изучайте C** + - С используется везде. Вы встретите примеры в книгах, лекциях, видео, везде, пока вы будете учиться. + - [ ] [Язык программирования С, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - Это небольшая книга, но после ее прочтения вы получите необходимые знания по С и если будете практиковать, + то достаточно быстро его освоите. Понимание С поможет вам понять как работают программы и память. + - [ответы на вопросы](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) + +- [ ] **Как компьютеры выполняют программу:** + - [ ] [Как CPU выполняет программы (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) + - [ ] [Коды машинных инструкций(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2XQgpbTNE) + +## Сложность алгоритмов, Big-O, Асимптотический анализ +- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Асимптотическая нотация (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [Big O нотация (основное, короткое руководство) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [Big O нотация (и Omega и Theta) - лучшее математическое объяснение (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] Skiena: + - [видео](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [слайды](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) +- [ ] [Плавное введение в анализ сложности алгоритмов](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) +- [ ] [Порядок роста (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/59) +- [ ] [Асимптотика (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/61) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (видео)](https://youtu.be/VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (видео)](https://youtu.be/ca3e7UVmeUc) +- [ ] [Amortized Analysis (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] [Иллюстрация "Big O" (видео)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/63) +- [ ] TopCoder (включая рекуррентные соотношений и основную теорему): + - [Вычислительная сложность: Часть 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [Вычислительная сложность: Часть 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) +- [ ] [Шпаргалка](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) + + Если в некоторых лекциях слишком много математики, вы можете ниже найти и посмотреть + лекции по дискретной математике для получения базовых знаний. + +## Структуры данных + +- ### Массивы + - Реализация динамического вектора. + - [ ] Описание: + - [Массивы (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) + - [UCBerkley CS61B - Линейные и многомерные массивы (видео)](https://youtu.be/Wp8oiO_CZZE?t=15m32s) + - [Основные массивы (видео)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Basic-arrays/149042/177104-4.html) + - [Многомерные массивы (видео)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Multidimensional-arrays/149042/177105-4.html) + - [Динамические массивы (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) + - [Массив массивов (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [Массив массивов (видео)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Jagged-arrays/149042/177106-4.html) + - [Динамические массивы (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Resizable-arrays/149042/177108-4.html) + - [ ] Реализация вектора (изменяемый массив с автоматическим изменением размера): + - [ ] Тренируйтесь программировать используя массивы, указатели и арифметику указателей для перехода к индексу вместо индексации. + - [ ] выделение памяти для массива + - можно выделить память для массива целых чисел, просто не используя его возможности + - начиная с 16, или если начальная цифра больше, использовать степень 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 + - [ ] size() - количество элементов + - [ ] capacity() - количество элементов которое он может содержать + - [ ] is_empty() + - [ ] at(index) - возвращает элемент по индексу, изменяет размер, если индекс выходит за пределы + - [ ] push(item) + - [ ] insert(index, item) - вставка элемента по индексу, сдвигает значение по индексу и следующие за ним элементы вправо + - [ ] prepend(item) - может вставить элемент выше индекса 0 + - [ ] pop() - удалить последний элемент, вернуть значение + - [ ] delete(index) - удаляет элемент по индексу, сдвигает все следующие за ним элементы влево + - [ ] remove(item) - ищет элементы по значению и удаляет их, даже если их несколько + - [ ] find(item) - ищет элемент по значению и возвращает индекс первого найденного элемента, возвращает -1 если ничего не найдено + - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private function + - когда массив полностью заполнен, увеличивает его размер вдвое + - при добавлении элемента, если размер массива 1/4 от общего размера, увеличиваем на половину + - [ ] Время + - O(1) для операций add/remove в конце (амортизируется для размещения большего объема), index, или update + - O(n) для insert/remove в любом месте + - [ ] Работа с памятью + - смежные в памяти, это помогает повысить производительность + - необходимое пространство = (размер массива, который >= n) * размер элемента, но даже если 2n, по прежнему O(n) + +- ### Связные списки (Linked Lists) + - [ ] Описание: + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) + - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) + - не все видео целиком, только кусочки об узлах и распределении памяти. + - [ ] Связные списки vs Массивы: + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) + - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) + - [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [ ] Ага, попался: тебе нужны знания указателей на указатели: + (для тех случаев, когда ты передаешь указатель функции, которая может менять адрес, куда указывает указатель) + Это страница просто для того, чтобы понять указатели на указатели. Читабельность и обслуживаемость страдает + из-за искусности. + - [Указатели на указатели](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) + - [ ] воплотить в жизнь (я сделал это с помощью указателя на хвост и без): + - [ ] size() - возвращает количество элементов в листе + - [ ] empty() - возвращет true если список пуст + - [ ] value_at(n) - возращет значение n-го элемента, где 0 - первый элемент + - [ ] push_front(value) - добавляет элемент в начало списка + - [ ] pop_front() - удаляет первый и возращает его значение + - [ ] push_back(value) - добавляет элемент в конец списка + - [ ] pop_back() - удаляет последний и возращает его значение + - [ ] front() - возращает значение первого элемента в списке + - [ ] back() - возращает значение последнего элемента в списке + - [ ] insert(index, value) - помещает значение (value) в элемент по индексу (index), при этом заменяемый элемент + добавлен в список как новый элемент + - [ ] erase(index) - удаляет узел (элемент) по данному индексу + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - возращает значение n-го элемента c конца списка + - [ ] reverse() - реверсирует весь список + - [ ] remove_value(value) - удаляет первый элемент в списке с указанным значением (value) + - [ ] Двусвязный список + - [Описание (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) + - Можно не делать + +- ### Стек + - [ ] [Стек (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [Использование стека Last-In First-Out (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-stacks-last-first-out/149042/177120-4.html) + - [ ] Не будет реализован. Реализация с помощью массива очевидна. + +- ### Очередь + - [ ] [Использование очереди First-In First-Out(video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-queues-first-first-out/149042/177122-4.html) + - [ ] [Очередь (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) + - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [Очередь с приоритетом (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Priority-queues-deques/149042/177123-4.html) + - [ ] Реализация с использованием связанного списка и указателя на последний элемент(tail): + - enqueue(value) - добавляет элемент в конец очереди + - dequeue() - возвращает значение и удаляет из очереди последний добавленный элемент(front) + - empty() + - [ ] Реализация с применением массива фиксированного размера: + - enqueue(value) - добавляет элемент в конец очереди + - dequeue() - возвращает значение и удаляет из очереди последний добавленный элемент + - empty() + - full() + - [ ] Затраты: + - плохая реализация с применением связанного списка когда элемент добавляется в начало очереди и удаляется с конца очереди за O(n), + операция dequeue в таком случае будет требовать каждый раз обхода всего списка + - enqueue: O(1) (amortized, связанный список и массив [probing]) + - dequeue: O(1) (связанный список и массив) + - empty: O(1) (связанный список и массив) + +- ### Хеш-таблица + - [ ] Видео: + - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + + - [ ] Онлайн курсы: + - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Understanding-hash-functions/149042/177126-4.html) + - [ ] [Using Hash Tables (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-hash-tables/149042/177127-4.html) + - [ ] [Supporting Hashing (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Supporting-hashing/149042/177128-4.html) + - [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Language-support-hash-tables/149042/177129-4.html) + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) + - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) + - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) + - [ ] распределенные хеш-таблицы: + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) + - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) + + - [ ] реализация с помощью массива и применением linear probing + - hash(k, m) - m размер хеш-таблицы + - add(key, value) - если ключ уже существует обновляем значение + - exists(key) + - get(key) + - remove(key) + +## Дополнительно + +- ### Бинарный поиск + - [ ] [Бинарный поиск (видео на ютубе)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) + - [ ] [Бинарный поиск (видео на khanacademy)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + - [ ] [Длинная статья с деталями](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] Реализация: + - бинарный поиск (на отсортированном числовом массиве) + - бинарный поиск с использованием рекурсии + +- ### Побитовые операции + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - ты должен знать сколько степеней двойки от (2^1 до 2^16 и 2^32) + - [ ] Даст отличное понимание манипуляций битами с помощью: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << + - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) + - [ ] Хорошее введение: + [Bit Manipulation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) + - [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) + - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) + - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) + - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] 2s и 1s дополнения: + - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) + - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) + - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) + - [ ] счетчик битов: + - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) + - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) + - [ ] округление до следующей степени 2: + - [Round Up To Next Power Of Two](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/roundUpToNextPowerOfTwo.html) + - [ ] обмен значениями: + - [Swap](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + - [ ] абсолютные значения: + - [Absolute Integer](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) + +## Деревья + +- ### Деревья, Заметки и Основные понятия + - [ ] [Основы деревьев (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) + - [ ] [Деревья (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) + - базовые конструкции деревьев + - обход + - алгоритмы манипуляции + - BFS (breadth-first search - поиск в ширину) + - [MIT (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - порядок уровня (BFS, использование очереди) + сложность по времени выполнения: O(n) + сложность по памяти: лучшая: O(1), худшая: O(n/2)=O(n) + - DFS (depth-first search - поиск в глубину) + - [MIT (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) + - заметки: + сложность по времени выполнения: O(n) + сложность по памяти: + лучшая: O(log n) - средняя высота дерева + худшая: O(n) + - in-order (DFS: левый, вершина, правый) + - post-order (DFS: левый, правый, вершина) + - pre-order (DFS: вершина, левый, правый) + +- ### Бинарное дерево поиска (BST: Binary search trees) + - [ ] [Обзор бинарного дерева поиска (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [Лекции (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) + - начинается с таблицы символов и заканчивая BST приложениями + - [ ] [Введение (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) + - [ ] [MIT (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + - C/C++: + - [ ] [Бинарное дерево поиска - реализация на C/C++ (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) + - [ ] [BST реализация - аллокация памяти в стеке и куче (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) + - [ ] [Поиск минимального и максимального элемента в BST (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Нахождение высоты BST (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) + - [ ] [Обход BST - breadth-first и depth-first стратегии (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) + - [ ] [Бинарное дерево: обход по уровням (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Обход бинарного дерева: Pre-order, In-order, Post-order (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Проверка - бинарное дерево BST или нет (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Удаление узов в BST (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) + - [ ] [In-order аналог в BST (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] Реализация: + - [ ] insert // вставка значения в дерево + - [ ] get_node_count // получение количества хранящихся значений + - [ ] print_values // вывод значений, начиная с min к max + - [ ] delete_tree + - [ ] is_in_tree // возвращает если переданное значение есть в дереве + - [ ] get_height // возвращает высоту дерева в количестве узлов (высота одного узла 1) + - [ ] get_min // возвращает минимальное значение хранящиеся в узлах дерева + - [ ] get_max // возвращает максимальное значение хранящиеся в узлах дерева + - [ ] is_binary_search_tree + - [ ] delete_value + - [ ] get_successor // возвращает следующее максимальное значение в дереве после переданного, -1 если none + +- ### Куча, Приоритетная очередь, Бинарная куча + - визуализируется как дерево, но обычно хранится в линейных структурах данных (массив, связанные список) + - [ ] [Куча](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) + - [ ] [Введение (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) + - [ ] [Наивная реализация (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [Бинарные деревья (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) + - [ ] [Замечания к высоте дерева (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) + - [ ] [Базовые операции (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) + - [ ] [Полные двоичные деревья (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) + - [ ] [Псевдокод (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) + - [ ] [Пирамидальная сортировка - начальные шаги (видео)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [Пирамидальная сортировка (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) + - [ ] [Построение кучи (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) + - [ ] [MIT: Кучи и пирамидальная сортировка (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [CS 61B Лекция 24: Приоритетные очереди (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [Построение кучи за линейное время (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] Реализация max-heap: + - [ ] insert + - [ ] sift_up - необходима для вставки + - [ ] get_max - возвращает максимальный элемент, не удаляя его + - [ ] get_size() - возвращает количество хранящихся элементов + - [ ] is_empty() - возвращает true если куча пустая + - [ ] extract_max - возвращает максимальный элемент, удаляя его + - [ ] sift_down - необходима для extract_max + - [ ] remove(i) - удаляет элемент по индексу x + - [ ] heapify - создает кучу из элементов массива, необходима для heap_sort + - [ ] heap_sort() - берет не отсортированный массив и делает его отсортированным, не используя дополнительной памяти, кроме занимаемой самим массивом используя max heap + - важно: можно использовать min heap, но тогда понадобиться доболнительная память. + +## Сортировка + +- [ ] Заметки: + - Напиши код для разных сортировкок и помни про лучшую/худую, среднюю сложность для каждой: + - не пузырьковая сортировка - она медленная - O(n^2), заисключением n <= 16 + - [ ] устойчивость в алгоритмах сортировки ("Быстрая сортировка устойчива?") + - [Устоичивость алгоритма сортировки](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) + - [Устоичивость в алгоритмах сортировки](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) + - [Устоичивость в алгоритмах сортировки](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) + - [Алгоритмы сортировки - Устоичивость](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) + - [ ] Какие алгоритмы можно применять для связанного списка? Для массива? А какие для обоих структур данных? + - Я не рекомендовал бы сортировать связанный список, но если нужно, то сортировка слиянием подходит для этого. + - [Сортировка слиянием для связанного списка](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) + +- Для пирамидальной сортировки, см. структуру данных "Куча" выше. Пирамидальная сортировка эффективна, но не устойчива. + +- [ ] [Седжвик (Sedgewick) - Сортировка слиянием (5 видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + - [ ] [1. Сортировка слиянием](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9&index=1) + - [ ] [2. Сортировка слиянием наизнанку](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGOIGUYjeyk&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9&index=2) + - [ ] [3. Сложность сортировки](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvU_mIWo0Ac&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + - [ ] [4. Компараторы](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MvC1kmBza0&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + - [ ] [5. Устойчивость](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XD_5iINB5GI&index=5&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + +- [ ] [Седжвик (Sedgewick) - Быстрая сортировка (4 видео)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [1. Быстрая сортировка](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M5A7qPWk84&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [2. Выбор](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgVYfSyct_M&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [3. Дублирование ключей](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBFzOYJ5ybM&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [4. Системные сортировки](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rejpZ2htBjE&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + +- [ ] UC Berkeley: + - [ ] [CS 61B Лекция 29: Сортировка I (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EiUvYS2DT6I&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=29) + - [ ] [CS 61B Лекция 30: Сортировка II (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hTY3t80Qsk&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=30) + - [ ] [CS 61B Лекция 32: Сортировка III (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6LOLpxg6Dc&index=32&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [CS 61B Лекция 33: Сортировка V (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNMQ4ly43p4&index=33&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + +- [ ] [Пузырькова сортировка (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Анализ пузырьковой сортировки (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Сортировка вставками, Сортировка слиянием (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) +- [ ] [Сортировка вставками (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Сортировка слиянием (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Быстрая сортировка (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Сортировка выбором (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) + +- [ ] Код сортировки слиянием: + - [ ] [Использование выходного массива (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) + - [ ] [Использование выходного массива (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) + - [ ] [На одном массиве (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) +- [ ] Код быстрой сортировки: + - [ ] [Реализация (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) + - [ ] [Реализация (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) + - [ ] [Реализация (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) + +- [ ] Реализация: + - [ ] Сортировка слиянием: O(n log n) средний и худший случаи + - [ ] Быстрая сортировка O(n log n) средний случай + - Сортировка выбором и сортировка вставками обе имеют среднюю и худшую сложность O(n^2) + - Для пирамидальной сортировки, смотри структуру данных "Куча" выше. + +- [ ] Необязательно, но я рекомендую: + - [ ] [Седжвик (Sedgewick) - Поразрядная сортировка (6 видео)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) + - [ ] [1. Строки в Java](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRzU-FWsjNU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=6) + - [ ] [2. Ключевые индексные расчеты](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtgKYmXs62w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=5) + - [ ] [3. Наименьший значащий разряд первой строки поразрядной сортировки](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pGVq_BwPKs&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=4) + - [ ] [4. Наибольший значащий разряд первой строки поразрядной сортировки](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3cYNY90R6c&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) + - [ ] [5. 3 способа поразрядной сортировки](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVl58kfE6i8&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) + - [ ] [6. Суффиксные массивы](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=1) + - [ ] [Поразрядная сортировка](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) + - [ ] [Поразрядная сортировка (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [Поразрядная сортировка, Сортировка подсчётом (линейные временные ограничения) (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Рандомизация: Перемножение матриц, Быстрая сортировка, Алгоритм Фрейвальда (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Сортировка за линейное время (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) + +Если вам необходимо больше информации, смотрите секцию "Сортировка" в [Дополнительные детали о некоторых разделах](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) + +## Графы +Графы могут быть использованы для представления многих задач в области CS, поэтому раздел включает в себя такие темы как деревья и сортировку. + +- Заметки от Стива Йеги: + - Существуют три основных способа представления графа в памяти: + - объекты и указатели + - матрица + - список смежности + - Ознакомьтесь с каждым представлением, его преимуществами и недостатками + - BFS и DFS - узнайте их вычислительную сложность, соотношение преимуществ и недостатков, способы реализации в коде + - Когда вы получили задачу, сначала попробуйте решить её с использованием графов, а затем двигайтесь дальше, если такого решения нет. + +- [ ] Лекции профессора Стивена Скина - хорошее введение: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Лекция 11 - Структуры данных для представления графов (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Лекция 12 - Поиск в ширину (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Лекция 13 - Алгоритмы на графах (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Лекция 14 - Алгоритмы на графах (продолжение) (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Лекция 15 - Алгоритмы на графах (продолжение 2) (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Лекция 16 - Алгоритмы на графах (продолжение 3) (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + +- [ ] Графы (обзор и многое другое): + + - [ ] [6.006 Задача поиска кратчайших путей из одной вершины (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Алгоритм Дейкстры (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Алгоритм Беллмана-Форда (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + - [ ] [6.006 Оптимизация алгоритма Дейкстры (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + - [ ] [Aduni: Алгоритмы на графах I: Топологическая сортировка, Минимальное остовное дерево, Алгоритм Прима - Лекция 6 (видео)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Aduni: Алгоритмы на графах II: DFS, BFS, Алгоритм Краскала, Система непересекающихся множеств - Лекция 7 (видео)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) + - [ ] [Aduni: Алгоритмы на графах III: Кратчайший путь - Лекция 8 (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + - [ ] [Aduni: Алгоритмы на графах IV: Введение в геометрические алгоритмы - Лекция 9 (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014 (начиная с 58:09) (видео)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Взвешенные графы (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) + - [ ] [Жадные алгоритмы: Минимальное остовное дерево (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Сильно связные компоненты, Алгоритм Косарайю, Алгоритмы на графах (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + +- Полный курс на Coursera: + - [ ] [Алгоритмы на графах (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) + +- Стив Йеги: Если у вас есть возможность, попробуйте изучить более продвинутые алгоритмы: + - [ ] Алгоритм Дейкстры - смотри выше - 6.006 + - [ ] A* + - [ ] [Алгоритм поиска A](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [ ] [Учебное пособие по основам алгоритма поиска пути A* (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [ ] [Поиск пути A* (E01: объяснение алгоритма) (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) + +- Я смогу применить: + - [ ] DFS со списком смежности (рекурсия) + - [ ] DFS со списком смежности (итерационный подход со стеком) + - [ ] DFS с матрицей смежности (рекурсия) + - [ ] DFS с матрицей смежности (итерационный подход со стеком) + - [ ] BFS со списком смежности + - [ ] BFS с матрицей смежности + - [ ] Поиск кратчайшего пути из одной вершины (алгоритм Дейкстры) + - [ ] Минимальное остовное дерево + - Алгоритмы основанные на DFS (см видео Aduni выше): + - [ ] Поиск циклов в графе (необходимо для топологической сортировки, так как мы проверяем наличие циклов в графе перед началом работы алгоритма) + - [ ] топологическую сортировку + - [ ] подсчет компонентов связности в графе + - [ ] список сильно связных компонентов + - [ ] проверку графа на двудольность + +Вы найдете больше практических задач на графах в книге Стивена Скина (см. раздел книги ниже) и в книгах о прохождении интервью. + +## Еще больше знаний + +- ### Рекурсия + - [ ] Лекции Стэнфорда по рекурсии и механизмам возврата: + - [ ] [Лекция 8 | Абстракции программирования (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) + - [ ] [Лекция 9 | Абстракции программирования (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) + - [ ] [Лекция 10 | Абстракции программирования (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [Лекция 11 | Абстракции программирования (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) + - когда уместно использование рекурсии? + - когда лучше использовать хвостовую рекурсию? + - [ ] [Что такое хвостовая рекурсия и почему её использование нежелательно?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) + - [ ] [Хвостовая рекурсия (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) + +- ### Объектно-ориентированное программирование + - [ ] [Дополнительно: Серия уроков по UML 2.0 (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) + - [ ] Объектно-ориентированная разработка программного обеспечения: Разработка программного обеспечения с использованием UML и Java (21 видео): + - Можно пропустить эту часть, если у вас есть хорошее понимание концепции ООП и практик проектирования. + - [ООП: Разработка программного обеспечения с использованием UML и Java](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] Принципы дизайна ООП (SOLID): + - [ ] [Боб Мартин SOLID принципы объектно-ориентированного программирования и гибкое проектирование (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] [Шаблоны проектирования SOLID в C# (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8m4NUhTQU48oiGCSgCP1FiJEcg_xJzyQ) + - [ ] [Принципы SOLID (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) + - [ ] S - [Принцип единственной ответственности](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Одна зона ответственности для каждого объекта](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [больше подробностей](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [Принцип открытости/закрытости](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [Программные сущности должны быть готовы для расширения, но не для модификации](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [больше подробностей](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [Принцип подстановки Барбары Лисков](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Функции, которые используют ссылки на базовые классы, должны иметь возможность использовать объекты производных классов, не зная об этом](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [больше подробностей](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [Принцип разделения интерфейса](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | Клиенты не должны быть вынуждены реализовывать интерфейсы, которые они не используют + - [Принцип разделения интерфейса за 5 минут (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [больше подробностей](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D -[Принцип инверсии зависимостей](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Снизить зависимость в составе объектов + - [Что такое принцип инверсии зависимостей и почему он так важен](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [больше подробностей](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) + +- ### Шаблоны проектирования + - [ ] [Краткий обзор UML (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) + - [ ] Изучите эти шаблоны: + - [ ] стратегия + - [ ] одиночка + - [ ] адаптер + - [ ] прототип + - [ ] декоратор + - [ ] посетитель + - [ ] фабричный метод, абстрактная фабрика + - [ ] фасад + - [ ] наблюдатель + - [ ] заместитель + - [ ] делегирование + - [ ] команда + - [ ] состояние + - [ ] хранитель + - [ ] итератор + - [ ] компоновщик + - [ ] приспособленец + - [ ] [Глава 6 (Часть 1) - Паттерны (видео)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) + - [ ] [Глава 6 (Часть 2) - Абстрактное представление, Общая иерархия, Актер – Роль, Одиночка, Наблюдатель, Делегирование (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Глава 6 (Часть 3) - Адаптер, Фасад, Неизменяемый объект, интерфейс типа read-only, Заместитель (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Серия уроков (27 видео)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + - [ ] [Паттерны проектирования](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) + - Я знаю, что классической книгой для изучения паттернов является "Приемы объектно-ориентированного проектирования. Паттерны проектирования" (Джон Влиссидес, Ральф Джонсон, Ричард Хелм, Эрих Гамма), но "Паттерны проектирования" отлично подходят для тех, кто только начал изучать ООП. + - [ ] [Удобный справочник: 101 шаблон проектирования и советы для разработчиков](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) + +- ### Комбинаторика (n выбрать k) & Вероятность + - [ ] [Math Математические навыки: Как найти факториал, перестановки и комбинации (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [Make School: Вероятность (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + - [ ] [Make School: Больше про вероятность и цепи Маркова (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) + - [ ] Khan Academy: + - Макет курса: + - [ ] [Базовые основы теории вероятностей](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) + - Только видео - 41 (простые и короткие): + - [ ] [Объяснение вероятности (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) + +- ### NP, NP-полные и аппрпоксимирующие алгоритмы + - Наиболее популярные NP-полные задачи, таких как задача коммивояжора и задача о рюкзаке, и то как их нужно идетифицировать на собеседованиях. + - Что означает NP-полная задача. + - [ ] [Вычислительная сложность (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) + - [ ] Simonson: + - [ ] [Жадные алгоритмы. II & Введение в NP полноту (видео)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [NP полнота II & Понижение (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP полнота III (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP полнота IV (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) + - [ ] Skiena: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Лекция 23 - Введение в NP-полноту (видео)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Лекция 24 - NP-полнота доказательства (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Лекция 25 - NP-полнота сложности (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [Сложность: P, NP, NP-полная, понижение (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) + - [ ] [Сложность: Аппроксимирующие алгоритмы (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) + - [ ] [Сложность: Алгортимы с фиксированными параметрами (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - Peter Norvig обсуждает близкое к оптимальному решение задачи коммивояжера: + - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) + - Страницы 1048 - 1140 в CLRS если у тебя она есть. + +- ### Кэш + - [ ] LRU кэш: + - [ ] [Волшебство LRU кэша (100 дней Google Dev) (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) + - [ ] [Реализация LRU (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) + - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU кэш (C++) (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) + - [ ] CPU кэш: + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: Иерархия памяти (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Вопросы кэширования (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + +- ### Процессы и треды + - [ ] Компьтерные науки 162 - Операционные системы (25 видео): + - видео 1-11 про процес сы и треды + - [Операционные системы и системное программирование (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + - [В чем разница между процессами и тредами?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) + - Покрытие: + - Процессы, треды, конкурентность + - разница между процессами и тредами + - процессы + - треды + - блокировки + - мьютексы + - семафоры + - мониторы + - как они работают + - взаимная блокировка + - livelock + - CPU активность, прерывания, преключение контекста + - Современные конкурирующие конструкции и многоядерные процессоры + - Ресурсы процесса (память: код, статическое хранилище, стек, куча, и файловые дискрипторы, i/o) + - Ресурсы треда (указанные выше (минус стек) с другими тредами одного процесса, но каждый имеет собственный pc, счетчик стека, регистры, и стек) + - Форк действительно копируется при записи (только для чтения), пока новый процесс не запишет в память, а затем сделает полную копию. + - Переключение контекста + - Как переключение контекста инициируется операционной системой и соответствующим оборудованием + - [ ] [треды в C++ (серии - 10 видео)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] конкуренция в Python (видео): + - [ ] [Короткие видео о тредах](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) + - [ ] [Python треды](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) + - [ ] [Понимание Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) + - [ссылка](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) + - [ ] [David Beazley - Параллельный Python с нуля: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) + - [ ] [Основная мысль David Beazley - Интересные темы (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) + - [ ] [Мьютексы в Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) + +- ### Статьи + - Здесь вы найдете статьи от Google, а также дургие известные статьи. + - У вас вряд ли будет время прочитать их все с начала до конца. Я рекоммендую выбирать статьи и главы в них - тратье время грамотно на то, что хотите изучить глубже. + - [Любите классические статьи?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) + - [ ] [1978: Коммуникация последовательных процессов](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [разработка на языке Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) + - [ ] [2003: Файловая система Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - в 2012 заменена на Colossus + - [ ] [2004: MapReduce: Упрощенная обработка данных на крупных кластерах](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - в основном заменена Cloud Dataflow + - [ ] [2007: Что каждый программист должен знать о памяти (очень длинная статья, и автор говорит пропускать некоторые разделы)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) + - [ ] [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) + - [ ] 2012: AddressSanitizer: Быстрая проверка адресов: + - [статья](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [видео](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) + - [ ] 2013: Spanner: Глобальная дистрибутивная база данных Google: + - [статья](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [видео](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) + - [ ] [2014: Машинное обучение: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) + - [ ] [2015: Continuous Pipelines в Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) + - [ ] [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) + - [ ] [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) + - [ ] [2015: Как разработчики ищут код: на примере](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) + - [ ] [2016: Borg, Omega, и Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) + +- ### Тестирование + - Нужно пройти: + - модульное тестирование + - Mock-объекты (от англ. «объект-пародия», «объект-имитация») + - интеграционное тестирование + - внедрение зависимости + - [ ] [Гибкая методология разработки с James Bach (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) + - [ ] [Открытая лекция, данная James Bach на тему тестирования (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) + - [ ] [Steve Freeman - разработка через тестирование (это не то, что мы имели в виду) (видео)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) + - [слайды](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) + - [ ] [Новая эра разработки через тестирование](http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html) + - [ ] [Мертва ли разработка через тестирование? (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9quxZsLcfo) + - [ ] [Видео-курс (152 видео) - нужны не все (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzJapzxH_rE&list=PLAwxTw4SYaPkWVHeC_8aSIbSxE_NXI76g) + - [ ] [Вэб-разработка через тестирование на Питоне](http://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/pages/book.html#toc) + - [ ] Внедрение зависимости: + - [ ] [видео](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) + - [ ] [Принципы тестирования](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) + - [ ] [Как писать тесты](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) + +- ### Планирование + - как работает планирование (scheduling) в операционной системе + - можно найти информацию в видео про Операционные системы + +- ### Реализация системных вызовов + - пойми, что находится под обложкой библиотек и программных интерфейсов (API), которые ты используешь + - можешь ли ты написать код для них? + +- ### Строковый поиск & манипуляции + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Суффиксные массивы (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Поиск подстроки (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) + - [ ] [1. Введение в поиск подстроки](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) + - [ ] [2. Поиск подстроки грубой силой](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcDXwIGEXYU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=4) + - [ ] [3. Кнут-Моррис Пратт](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-7n-FDEWzc&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) + - [ ] [4. Бойер-Мур](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7Ch6pZXfM&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=2) + - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) + - [ ] [Шаблон поиска в тексте (текст)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + + Если вам нужно больше подробностей по этому вопросу, см. Раздел «Соответствие строк» в [Дополнительная информация по некоторым предметам](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) +--- + +## Проектирование систем, Масштабируемость, Обработка данных +- **Вы можете ожидать вопросов по проектированию систем если у вас 4+ лет опыта.** +- Масштабируемость и Проектирование систем это очень большие темы с большим количеством разделов и ресурсов, так как нужно многое учитывать при создании расширяемой программной/аппаратной системы. На освоение этого может уйти немало времени. +- Заметки от Стива Йеги: + - масштабируемость + - Извленечние отдельных значений из больших наборов данных + - Преобразование одних наборы данных в другие + - Обработка неприлично больших объёмов данных + - проектирование систем + - наборы функций + - интерфейсы + - иерархии классов + - проектирование системы удовлетворяющей определённым ограничениям + - простота и надёжность + - компромиссы + - анализ производительности и оптимизации +- [ ] **НАЧНИТЕ С ЭТОГО**: [Проектирование систем от HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] [Как я готовлюсь отвечать на вопросы по проектированию систем на технических интервью?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) +- [ ] [8 вещей которые вам нужно узнать прежде чем проходить собеседование по проектированию систем](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) +- [ ] [Проектирование алгоритмов](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) +- [ ] [Нормализация баз данных - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) +- [ ] [Собеседование по проектированию систем](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - Здесь собрано много ресурсов. Просмотрите статьи и примеры. Некоторые из них выложены ниже. +- [ ] [Как пройти собеседование по проектированию систем](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +- [ ] [Числа которые следует знать всем](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) +- [ ] [Сколько времени занимает переключение контекста?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) +- [ ] [Транзакции через центры обработки данных (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) +- [ ] [Простое английское введение в теорему CAP](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) +- [ ] Алгоритм Паксос: + - [короткое видео](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [более длинное видео со сценарием использования и мульти-паксосом](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEpsBg0AO6o) + - [статья](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf) +- [ ] [Последовательное хэширование](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) +- [ ] [NoSQL Шаблоны](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) +- [ ] Масштабируемость: + - [ ] [Большой обзор (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] Серия коротких статей: + - [Клоны](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [Базы данных](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [Кэш](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [Асинхронность](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [Масштабируемая Веб-архитектура и Распределённые системы](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) + - [ ] [Объяснение ошибок распределённых вычислений](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + - [ ] [Прагматичные методы программирования](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) + - [дополнительно: обработка графиков Google Pregel](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) + - [ ] [Джефф Дин - создание программных систем в Google и извлечённые уроки (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + - [ ] [Введение в проектирование расширяемых систем](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) + - [ ] [Масштабирование мобильных игр для глобальной аудитории с использованием App Engine и Cloud Datastore (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + - [ ] [Как Google разрабатывает планетарное масштабирование для инфраструктуры планетарного масштаба (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + - [ ] [Важность алгоритмов](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) + - [ ] [Разбиение на части](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [Расширение в Facebook (2009)](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Scale-at-Facebook) + - [ ] [Расширение в Facebook (2012), "Разработка для миллиарда пользователей" (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) + - [ ] [Проектирование для "долгой игры" - Основной принцип Астрид Аткинсон (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + - [ ] [7 лет уроков масштабирования с YouTube за 30 минут](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) + - [видео](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [Как PayPal расширили для миллиардов транзакций в день используя всего лишь 8 виртуальных машин](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) + - [ ] [Как удалять дубликаты из больших наборов данных](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) + - [ ] [Взгляд на масштабируемость и инженерную культуру Etsy с Джоном Кови (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + - [ ] [Что привело Amazon к созданию собственной микросервисной архитектуры](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + - [ ] [Сжимать или не сжимать - такой вопрос стоял перед Uber](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) + - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, вставай в очередь](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) + - [ ] [Когда следует использовать приблизительную обработку запросов?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) + - [ ] [Переход Google с единого центра обработки данных на отказоустойчивый, на собственную многосетевую архитектуру]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) + - [ ] [Архитектура Egnyte: уроки, извлеченные при построении и масштабировании многопетабайтной распределенной системы](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html) + - [ ] [Программирование на основе машинного обучения: новое программирование для нового мира](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) + - [ ] [Технология оптимизации изображений, которая обслуживает миллионы запросов в день](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) + - [ ] [Архитектура Patreon коротко](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + - [ ] [Tinder: как одна из самых больших систем рекомендаций решает кого вы увидите следующим?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) + - [ ] [Современное проектирование кэша](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + - [ ] [Прямая трансляция видео в масштабе Facebook](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + - [ ] [Руководство для начинающих по масштабированию до 11 миллионов пользователей на Amazon AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) + - [ ] [Как использование Docker влияет на время задержки?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) + - [ ] [Представляет ли AMP Counter угрозу существованию Google?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/14/does-amp-counter-an-existential-threat-to-google.html) + - [ ] [360-градусный обзор всего стека Netflix](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) + - [ ] [Время задержки везде и это стоит вам продаж - как с ним бороться](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + - [ ] [Бессерверность (очень длинная, нужна только суть)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) + - [ ] [Из чего состоит Instagram: Сотни экземпляров, десятки технологий](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) + - [ ] [Архитектура Cinchcast - 1500 часов аудио каждый день](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) + - [ ] [Архитектура прямого видео вещания Justin.Tv](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) + - [ ] [Социальная игровая архитектура Playfish - 50 миллионов пользователей в месяц и более](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) + - [ ] [Архитектура TripAdvisor - 40 миллионов посетителей, 200 миллионов динамических представлений страниц, 30TB данных](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) + - [ ] [Архитектура PlentyOfFish](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) + - [ ] [Архитектура Salesforce - Как они обрабатывают 1.3 миллиарда транзакций в день](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) + - [ ] [Архитектура ESPN в процессе расширения - работа со скоростью 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs в секунду](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + - [ ] См. Ниже раздел «Системы обмена сообщениями, сериализации и управления очередями» для получения информации о некоторых технологиях, которые могут "склеивать" сервисы. + - [ ] Twitter: + - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Джереми Койл, "Большие и маленькие данные в @Twitter" (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + - [Timelines в процессе расширения](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) + - Чтобы узнать ещё больше, посмотрите серию видео "Mining Massive Datasets" в разделе "Серии видео". +- [ ] Практика в проектировании систем: несколько идей чтобы проработать их с небольшим количеством информации о том, как это было сделано в действительности: + - обзор: [Проектирование систем с HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [шпаргалка](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - процесс работы: + 1. Поймите проблему и контекст: + - определите сценарии использования с помощью интервьера + - предложите дополнительные функции + - уберите детали, которые интервьюер посчитает выходящими за рамки + - предположите что нужна очень высокая доступность, добавьте соответствующий сценарий использования + 2. Подумайте об ограничениях: + - спросите сколько предполагается запросов в месяц + - спросите сколько предполагается запросов в секунду (вам могут просто сказать или предложить посчитать самостоятельно) + - ожидаемое соотношение чтений и записей + - держите в голове правило 80/20 когда оцениваете + - как много данных записывается в секунду + - общее количество памяти, необходимое через 5 лет + - как много запросов на чтение происходит в секунду + 3. Проектирование абстракций: + - слои (сервисный, данные, кэширование) + - инфраструктура: балансировка нагрузки, обмен сообщениями + - грубая оценка одного из ключевых алгоритмов которые управляют сервисом + - примите во внимание "бутылочные горлышки" и определите как от них избавиться + - Упражнения: + - [Спроектируйте CDN network: старая статья](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) + - [Спроектируйте систему генерации уникальных ID](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) + - [Спроектируйте карточную мультиплеерную онлайн-игру](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) + - [Спроектируйте базу данных ключ-значение](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) + - [Спроектируйте функцию возвращающую последние k запросов за прошедший период времени]( https://icmi.cs.ucsb.edu/research/tech_reports/reports/2005-23.pdf) + - [Спроектируйте систему передачи изображений](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + - [Спроектируйте систему рекомендаций](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + - [Спроектируйте систему укорачивания URL: скопировано из верхней части](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + - [Спроектируйте кэш-систему](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) + +--- + +## Заключительный обзор + + В этом разделе вы найдете короткие видео, которые можно посмотреть достаточно быстро чтобы повторить наиболее важные моменты. + Полезно освежать свои знания чаще. + +- [ ] Серия 2-3 минутных короткие видео по темам (23 видео) + - [Видео](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] Серия коротких 2-5 минутных видео - Michael Sambol (18 видео): + - [Видео](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] [Видео от Сэджвика - Алгоритмы I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - [ ] [01. Union-Find](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) + - [ ] [02. Анализ Алгоритмов](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZN-nFW0mEpg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTf0_bkOhh7sa5uqeppp3Sr0) + - [ ] [03. Стэки и Очереди](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIC1gappbP8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe-9jhnj3P_3mmrCh0A7iHh) + - [ ] [04. Элементарные сортировки](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CD2AL6VO0ak&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe_5WhGV0F--7CK8MoRUqBd) + - [ ] [05. Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + - [ ] [06. Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M5A7qPWk84&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [07. Приоритетные очереди](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9TMe0KC0w0&list=PLe-ggMe31CTducy9LDiGVkdSv0NfiRwn5) + - [ ] [08. Элементарные таблицы символов](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=up_nlilw3ac&list=PLe-ggMe31CTc3a8nKRDxFZZrWrBvkc9SG) + - [ ] [09. Сбалансированные деревья поиска](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qC1BLLPK_5w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTf7jHH_mFT50kayjCEA6Rhu) + - [ ] [10. Геометрические применениния BST](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wl30aGAp6TY&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdBsRIw0hXln0hilRs-DqAx) + - [ ] [11. Хэш таблицы](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QA8fJGO-i9o&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcKxIRGqqThMts2eHtSrf11) +- [ ] [Видео от Сэджвика - Алгоритмы II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?flow=list&shelf_id=3&view=50) + - [ ] [01. Ненаправленные графы](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmVhD-mmMBg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTc0zDzANxl4I2MhMoRVlbRM) + - [ ] [02. Направленные графы](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_z-JsVaUS40&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcEwaU8a1P1Gd95A77HV85K) + - [ ] [03. Minimum Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8fNk9tfVYY&list=PLe-ggMe31CTceUZxDesGfHGLE7kcSafqj) + - [ ] [04. Кратчайшие пути](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoGSiB7tSeI&list=PLe-ggMe31CTePpG3jbeOTsnGUGZDKxgZD) + - [ ] [05. Maximum Flow](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYIKlFstBqE&list=PLe-ggMe31CTduQ68XQ-sVj32wYJIspTma) + - [ ] [06. Radix Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) + - [ ] [07. Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [08. Поиск подстроки](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) + - [ ] [09. Регулярные выражения](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQWNQsJSPnk&list=PLe-ggMe31CTetTlJWouM42fyttyKPgSDh) + - [ ] [10. Сжатие данных](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=at9tjpxcBh8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTciifRRo6yY0Yt0mzgIXXVZ) + - [ ] [11. Reductions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow5x-ooMGv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe_yliW5vc3yO-dj1LSSDyF) + - [ ] [12. Линейное программирование](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWhcLyiLZLA&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdy6dKzMgkWFuTTN1H8B-E1) + - [ ] [13. Intractability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qcaaDp4cdQ&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcZCjluBHw53e_ek2k9Kn-S) + +--- + +## Практика: задачи по программированию + +Теперь, когда вы узнали все вышерассмотренные темы по компютерным наукам, настало время попрактиковаться в решении задач по программированию. + +**Решение задач по программированию - это не запоминание решений.** + +Для чего вам нужно практиковаться в решении задач по программированию: +- выявление проблем, и умение определять какие структуры данных и алгоритмы походят для их решения +- сбор требований для задачи +- проговаривание хода решения задачи, так же как вы будете это делать на собеседовании +- написание кода на доске или на бумаге, но не на компьютере +- умение оценивать сложность вашего решения по расходу времени и памяти +- тестирование решений + +Вот пример отличного введения в методичное, коммуникативное решение задач на собеседовании. Вы так же найдете это в книгах по интервью для программистов, но это подход мне кажется однм из лучших: +[Схема разработки алгоритма](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) + +[Мой процесс подготовки к собеседованию по программированию (Книга) Упражнения](https://googleyasheck.com/my-process-for-coding-interview-exercises/) + +У вас нет доски дома? Не удивительно. Я немного неормальный и у меня есть большая доска дома. Но вместо доски можно использователь и планшет для рисования из магазина художественных товаров, и практиковаться сидя на диване. Это моя "диванная доска". На фото я положил ручку чтобы иметь вы имели представление о масштабе. Если вы будете пользоваться ручкой, постоянно будет возникать желание что-то исправить и решение захламляется достаточно быстро. + +![моя диванная доска](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) + +Дополнительно: + +- [Математика для Топ-кодеров](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) +- [Динамическое программирование - От новичка до продвинутого](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) +- [Материалы для интервью от MIT](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) +- [Упражнения по улучшению навыков для определенного языка](http://exercism.io/languages) + +**Прочитайте и выполните упражнения (именно в этом порядке):** + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) + - решения на C, C++ и Java +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - решения на Java + +См. [Список книг ниже](#book-list) + +## Упражнения по программированию + +Как только вы заполнили свою голову знаниями, самое время применить их на практике. +Выполняйте упражнения по программированию каждый день, чем больше тем лучше. + +- [ ] [Как найти решение](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [ ] [Как разбирать задачи из Topcoder](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) + +Сайты с упражнениями: +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) + +Возможно: +- [Тестовые интервьюверы из больших компаний](http://www.gainlo.co/) + +## Перед собеседованием + +- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview набор 2 (видео): + - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) + - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) + - [Спросите у меня что угодно: Gayle Laakmann McDowell (автор Cracking the Coding Interview)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fqxMuPmGak) + +## Ваше резюме + +- [10 советов для подготовки (немного) менее ужасного резюме](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.co.uk/2007_09_01_archive.html) +- Загляните в раздел по подготовке резюме в книге Cracking The Coding Interview и в конце книги Programming Interviews Exposed + +## Подумайте об этом когда подходит время собеседования + +Подумайте как отвечать приблизительно на 20 распостраненных вопросов которые задают на собеседовании, подготовьте 2-3 ответа на каждый из них. +Расскажите историю, а не просто сухой пересказ о том над чем вы работали. + +- Почему вы хотите получить эту работу? +- Какая самая большая проблема которую вам приходилось решать? +- Самые сложные задачи с которыми вам приходилось сталкиваться? +- Лучшие/худшие дизайн решения с которыми вы сталкивались? +- Идеи как улучшить какой-нибудь существующий продукт. +- Вы более продуктивны как часть команды или как иднивидуальный разработчик? +- Какие из ваших навыков или что из опыта будет наиболее ценным для данной позиции? +- Что вам больше всего понравилось в работе над [проектом Х/в компании Х]? +- Какие самые сложные задачи вы решали в [компании X/проекте Х]? +- С каким самым сложным багом вам приходилось сталкиваться в [компании X/проекте Х]? +- Чему вы научились в [компании X/проекте Х]? +- Что бы вы могли сделать лучше работая в [компании X/проекте Х]? + +## Приготовьте вопросы для интервьювера + + Вот, некоторые из моих (возможно, я уже знаю ответ, но хочу я услышать мнение интервьювера или точку зрения команды): + +- Сколько человек в команде? +- Как выглядит ваш цикл разработки? Работаете ли вы по agile, спринтам или водопад? +- Насколько часто бывают переработки и дедлайны? Или сроки достаточно гибкие? +- Как в вашей команде принимаются решения? +- Сколько встреч вы проводите в неделю? +- Располагает ли ваше рабочее окружение к концентрации? +- Над чем вы работаете? +- Что вам в этом нравится? +- Как в целом протекает работа? + +## Когда вас приняли на работу + +Поздравляю! + +- [10 вещей которые я хотел бы знать в мой первый рабочий день в Google](https://medium.com/@moonstorming/10-things-i-wish-i-knew-on-my-first-day-at-google-107581d87286#.livxn7clw) + +Не прекращайте учиться. + +На самом деле это не конец. + +--- + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + + Все что находится ниже этого места - опционально. Это мои рекоммендации, а не от Google. + Изучая все это вы узнаете больше о компьютерных науках, и будуте лучше готовы для любой вакансии программиста. + Вы станете более всесторонне-развитым разработчиком. + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + +--- + +## Дополнительная литература + +- [ ] [Среда программирования Unix](http://product.half.ebay.com/The-UNIX-Programming-Environment-by-Brian-W-Kernighan-and-Rob-Pike-1983-Other/54385&tg=info) + - проверенно временем +- [ ] [Командная строка Linux: введение](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - современный вариант +- [ ] [Протокол TCP/IP с иллюстрациями(серия книг)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) +- [ ] [Погружение в шаблоны проектирования](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - введение в шаблоны проектирования +- [ ] [Шаблоны проектирования: переиспользование компонент в ООП](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - аля книга "Банды четырех", или GOF + - каноническая книга про шаблоны проектирования +- [ ] [Инженерия надежности сайта](https://landing.google.com/sre/book.html) + - [Инженерия надежности сайта: Как Google запускает продакшен системы](https://landing.google.com/sre/) +- [ ] [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0131480057/) + +## Дополнительная литература + +- ### Динамическое программирование + - Этот вопрос может быть довольно сложным, поскольку каждая разрешимая DP задача должна быть определена как рекурсивное отношение, и придумать его может быть сложно. + - Я предлагаю рассмотреть много примеров проблем с DP, пока у вас не будет четкого понимания паттерна. + - [ ] Видео: + - the Skiena видео может быть не удобно смотреть, так как он иногда использует доску, которая слишком мала + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Лекция 19 - Введение в динамическое программирование (видео)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Лекция 20 - Изменить расстояние (видео)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Лекция 21 - Примеры динамического программирования (видео)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Лекция 22 - Приложения динамического программирования (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson: Динамическое программирование 0 (начиная с 59:18) (видео)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson: Динамическое программирование I - Лекция 11 (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Simonson: Динамическое программирование II - Лекция 12 (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] Список проблем диннамического программирования: + [Динамическое программирование (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + - [ ] Йельские лекции: + - [ ] [Динамическое программирование](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) + - [ ] Coursera: + - [ ] [Проблема вторичной структуры РНК (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) + - [ ] [Алгоритм динамического программирования (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + - [ ] [Иллюстрация алгоритма динамического программирования (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [Время исполнения алгоритма динамического программирования (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP и рекурсивная имплементация (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) + - [ ] [Глобальное парное выравнивание последовательностей (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [Локальное попарное выравнивание последовательностей (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + +- ### Компиляторы + - [ ] [Как работает компилятор за ~1 минуту (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Компиляторы (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [ ] [C++ (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [ ] [Понимание оптимизаций компилятора (C++) (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) + +- ### Числа с плавающей точкой + - [ ] 8-bit: [Представление чисел с плавающей точкой - 1 (video - есть ошибка в рассчетах - смотри описание видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit двоичный файл с плавающей точкой (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + +- ### Unicode + - [ ] [Абсолютный минимум, который должен знать каждый разработчик про Unicode]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [Что каждый программист абсолютно, положительно должен знать о кодировании и наборах символов для работы с текстом](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + +- ### Порядок байт (Endianness) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://www.cs.umd.edu/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - Очень техническая беседа для разработчиков ядер. Не переживайте, если что-то выше вашего понимания. + - Первой половины достаточно. + +- ### Emacs и vi(m) + - предложено Yegge, из старого поста по найму в Amazon: Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor + - vi(m): + - [Редактирование с vim 01 - Установка, настройка и Режимы (видео на англ.)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) + - Набор из 4 видео: + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) + - [Использование Vi вместо Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) + - emacs: + - [Основы Emacs Руководство (видео на англ.)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) + - набор из 3 (видео на англю): + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) + - [Режим Зла: Или, Как Я Перестал Беспокоиться И Полюбил Emacs (видео на англ.)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) + - [Написание программ на языке C в Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) + - [(возможно) Погружение в Org режим: Управляя структурой (видео на англ.)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) + +- ### Инструменты командной строки Unix + - предложено Yegge, из старого поста по найму в Amazon. Я создал список ниже с хорошими утилитами. + - [ ] bash + - [ ] cat + - [ ] grep + - [ ] sed + - [ ] awk + - [ ] curl or wget + - [ ] sort + - [ ] tr + - [ ] uniq + - [ ] [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [ ] [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + +- ### Теория информации + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - [ ] Подробнее о Марковских Процессах: + - [ ] [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [ ] [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [ ] [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + - А также смотрите курс-сериал MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy в самом низу. + +- ### Чётность и Код Хемминга + - [ ] [Вступление](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [ ] [Чётность](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - [ ] Код Хемминга: + - [Обнаружение ошибок](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) + - [Исправление ошибок](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) + - [ ] [Проверка ошибок](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + +- ### Энтропия + - Не забудьте сначала посмотреть видео теории информации + - Затем посмотрите следующее видео + - [ ] [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + +- ### Криптография + - Не забудьте сначала посмотреть видео теории информации + - Затем посмотрите следующее видео + - [ ] [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [ ] [Криптография: Хеширование](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [ ] [Криптография: Шифрование](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- ### Сжатие + - Не забудьте сначала посмотреть видео теории информации + - [ ] Computerphile (видео на ютубе): + - [ ] [Сжатие](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [ ] [Энтропия в сжатии](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [ ] [Инвертированный деревья (Кодовые деревья Хаффмана)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [ ] [Экстра - Кодовые деревья Хаффмана](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [ ] [Элегантное сжатие текста (LZ 77 Метод)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [ ] [Сжатие текста и Теория Вероятностей](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [ ] [Compressor Head плейлист](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [ ] [Разработчики Google вживую: GZIP не достаточно!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) + +- ### Сети и сетевые протоколы + - **Если у вас уже есть опыт с сетями или вы хотить стать системным инженером, то ждите вопросов на эти темы** + - В противном случае, это все равно полезно знать + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) + - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Сравнение транспортных протоколов](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [Объяснение TCP/IP and модели OSI](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [Передача пакетов в интернете. Урок про сети и TCP/IP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [Плейлис на ютубе про сети (21 видео)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [Подсети без мифов - Часть 5 CIDR](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + +- ### Компьютерная безопасность + - [MIT (23 видео)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Вступление, Моделирование угроз](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Аттаки для перехвата контроля ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [ ] [Переполнение буфера: использование и защита](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [ ] [Разделение привилегий](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Возможности](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Машинный код в песочнице](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [ ] [Модель веб-безопасности](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Защита веб-приложений](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Символическое выполнение программ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Безопасность сети](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Сетевые протоколы](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Атака по сторонним каналам](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- ### Сборка мусора (Garbage collection) + - [ ] [Компиляторы (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) + - [ ] [Сборка мусора в Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [ ] [Глубокое погружение в Java: Сборка мусора - это здорово!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [ ] [Глубокое погружение в Python: Сборка мусора в CPython (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) + +- ### Параллельное программирование + - [ ] [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [ ] [Эффективное использование Python для высокопроизводительных параллельных вычислений (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + +- ### Сообщения, сериализация и системы очередей + - [ ] [Apache Thrift - язык описания интерфейсов](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [Урок по Thrift](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) + - [ ] [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [Уроки](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) + - [ ] [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC для Java разработчиков (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) + - [ ] [Redis — сетевое журналируемое хранилище данных](http://redis.io/) + - [Урок](http://try.redis.io/) + - [ ] [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [ ] [RabbitMQ - платформа для обмены сообщениями](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [Урок](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) + - [ ] [Celery - распределенная очередь заданий](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [Первые шаги с Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) + - [ ] [ZeroMQ - библиотека для передачи сообщений](http://zeromq.org/) + - [Вступление к ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) + - [ ] [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [ ] [Apache Kafka — распределённый программный брокер сообщений](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [ ] [MessagePack - компьютерный формат обмена данными](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [ ] [Apache Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + +- ### Быстрое преобразование Фурье + - [ ] [Интерактивное руководство по преобразованию Фурье](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [ ] [Что такое преобразованию Фурье? Для чего оно нужно?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [ ] [Что такое преобразованию Фурье? (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [ ] [Разделяй и властвуй: Быстрое преобразование Фурье (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [ ] [Объяснение Быстрого преобразования Фурье](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + +- ### Фильтр Блума + - Если у вас есть Фильтр Блума с m битами и к хеширующими функциями, то вставка и тестирование на членство имеют сложность O(k) + - [Фильтры Блума](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [Фильтры Блума | Добыча огромных наборов данных | Стэндфордский Университет](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - [Урок](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) + - [Как написать приложение фильтра Bloom](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) + +- ### HyperLogLog + - [Как посчитать миллиард различных объектов, когда у вас есть только 1.5KB памяти](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) + +- ### Хэширование с учетом локальных особенностей + - используется для определения сходства документов + - противоположность MD5 или SHA, которые используются для определения, являются ли 2 документа / строки одинаковыми. + - [Simhashing (надеюсь) стало проще](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) + +- ### Деревья ван Эмде Боаса + - [ ] [Разделяй и властвуй: Деревья ван Эмде Боаса (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [ ] [Конспект лекций МТИ(Массачусетский технологический институт)](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + +- ### Расширенные структуры данных + - [ ] [CS 61B Лекция 39: Расширение структур данных](https://youtu.be/zksIj9O8_jc?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&t=950) + +- ### Префиксные деревья + - Обратите внимание, что есть разные виды префиксных деревьев. Некоторые имеют префиксы, некоторые нет, а некоторые используют строку вместо битов +         для отслеживания пути. + - Я читаю код, но не буду реализовывать. + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Префиксные деревья (3 видео)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [1. R путь префиксных деревьев](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buq2bn8x3Vo&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [2. Троичный поиск в префиксных деревьях](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LelV-kkYMIg&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [3. Символьные операции](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ&index=1) + - [ ] [Примечания о структурах данных и методах программирования](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] Короткие видео курса: + - [ ] [Введение в префиксные деревья (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [Производительность префиксных деревьев (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [Реализация префиксных деревьев (видео)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [Префиксное дерево: забытая структура данных](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) + - [ ] [TopCoder - использование префиксных деревьев](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [Stanford лекция (использование в реальной жизни) (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT, сложные структуры данных, строки (может быть неясным до половине)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + +- ### Сбалансированные деревья поиска + - Знать как минимум один тип сбалансированного дерева поиска (и как его осуществить): + - "Среди сбалансированных деревьев поиска AVL и 2/3 деревья теперь в прошлом, а красно-черные деревья все больше набирают популярность. Довольно интересный саморегулирующийся тип это расширяющееся дерево, который использует вращения для перемещения любого ключа к вершине" - Стивен Сол Лекена + - Из всех них я предпочел написать расширяющееся дерево. Из того, что я читал, писать реализации сбалансированного дерева поиска во время интервью не понадобится. Но я хотел преодолеть еще одну задачу в програмировании, и будем честны, расширяющиеся деревья превосходны. Еще я прочитал довольно много про красно-черные деревья. + - расширяющееся дерево: вставка, поиска, и удаление + Если вы решите реализовать красно-черное дерево напишите: + - функции поиска и вставки, пропустите удаление + - Я хочу изучить побольше про B-деревья, т.к. они применимы при работе с очень большими данными + - [ ] [Сбалансированный поиск дерева](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + + - [ ] **AVL trees** + - In practice: + From what I can tell, these aren't used much in practice, but I could see where they would be: + The AVL tree is another structure supporting O(log n) search, insertion, and removal. It is more rigidly + balanced than red–black trees, leading to slower insertion and removal but faster retrieval. This makes it + attractive for data structures that may be built once and loaded without reconstruction, such as language + dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter). + - [ ] [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + + - [ ] **Splay trees** + - In practice: + Splay trees are typically used in the implementation of caches, memory allocators, routers, garbage collectors, + data compression, ropes (replacement of string used for long text strings), in Windows NT (in the virtual memory, + networking and file system code) etc. + - [ ] [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Najzh1rYQTo&index=23&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) + - [ ] MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: + - Gets very mathy, but watch the last 10 minutes for sure. + - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) + + - [ ] **Red/black trees** + - these are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below) + - In practice: + Red–black trees offer worst-case guarantees for insertion time, deletion time, and search time. + Not only does this make them valuable in time-sensitive applications such as real-time applications, + but it makes them valuable building blocks in other data structures which provide worst-case guarantees; + for example, many data structures used in computational geometry can be based on red–black trees, and + the Completely Fair Scheduler used in current Linux kernels uses red–black trees. In the version 8 of Java, + the Collection HashMap has been modified such that instead of using a LinkedList to store identical elements with poor + hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used. + - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [ ] [Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + + - [ ] **2-3 search trees** + - In practice: + 2-3 trees have faster inserts at the expense of slower searches (since height is more compared to AVL trees). + - You would use 2-3 tree very rarely because its implementation involves different types of nodes. Instead, people use Red Black trees. + - [ ] [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [ ] [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + + - [ ] **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** + - На практике: + На каждое 2-4 дерево, существуют соответствующие красно-чёрные деревья с элементами данных в таком же порядке. Операции вставки и удаления на 2-4 деревьях эквивалентны изменению цвета и ротациям в красно-чёрных деревьях. + Таким образом, 2-4 деревья являются важным инструментом в понимании логики красно-чёрных деревьев, именно поэтому много вводных учебников по алгоритмам начинают с 2-4 деревьев прямо перед красно-черными, несмотря на то, что **2-4 деревья редко используются на практике**. + - [ ] [CS 61B Лекция 26: Сбалансированные деревья поиска (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqrqYXkth6Q&index=26&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [234-Деревья Снизу Вверх (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [234-Деревья Сверху Вниз (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + + - [ ] **N-ичные (K-ичные, M-ичные) деревья** + - заметка: N или K это фактор ветвления (максимальное количество веток у каждого корня) + - бинарные деревья являются 2-ичными деревьями, где фактор ветвления = 2 + - 2-3 деревья 3-ичные + - [ ] [K-ичные деревья (en)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + + - [ ] **B-Деревья** + - забавно, но факт: это загадка, ведь B здесь может значить Boeing, сБалансированный, или Байер (фамилия ко-создателя) + - На практике: + B-Деревья очень широко используются в базах данных. Большинство современных файловых систем используют B-деревья (или вариации, B+ и B* деревья). + В дополнение к использованию в базах данных, B-дерево также применяют в файловых системах для быстрого рандомного доступа к произвольному блоку в конкретном файле. Основная проблема это превратить адрес i файлового блока в адрес дискового блока или, например, в CHS (цилиндр-голова-сектор). + - [ ] [B-Деревья (en)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [ ] [Введение в B-Деревья (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [ ] [B-Деревья Определение и Вставка (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [B-Деревья Удаление (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Модели Иерархии Памяти (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - включает кэш-агностические B-Деревья, крайне интересные структуры данных + - первые 37 минут очень технические, можно пропустить (B это размер блока, размер кэша) + +- ### k-D Деревья + - прекрасны для нахождения всех точек в прямоугольнике или более многомерном объекте + - хорошо подходят для k-ближайших соседей + - [ ] [Kd Деревья (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - [ ] [kNN Алгоритм K-d дерева (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + +- ### Список с пропусками + - "А это что-то из разряда культа в мире структур данных" - Стивен Скиена + - [ ] [Рандомизация: Список с пропусками (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Для анимаций и чуть побольше деталей](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + +- ### Транспортные сети + - [ ] [Алгоритм Форд — Фалкерсона за 5 минут (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [ ] [Алгоритм Форд — Фалкерсона (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [ ] [Транспортные сети (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + +- ### Непересекающиеся Множества и Система Непересекающихся Множеств + - [ ] [UCB 61B - Непересекающиеся Множества; Сортировка и выборка (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAEGXTwmUsI&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=21) + - [ ] [Алгоритмы Седжвика - Система непересекающихся множеств (6 видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) + +- ### Математика для Быстрой Обработки + - [ ] [Арифметика целых чисел, Умножение Карацубы (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Китайская теорема об остатках (используется в криптографии) (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + +- ### Декартово дерево + - Комбинация бинарного поискового дерева и структуры данных "куча" + - [ ] [Декартово дерево](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE) + - [ ] [Структуры данных: Декартово Дерево на пальцах (видео)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [ ] [Применения в множествах](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + +- ### Linear Programming (videos) + - [ ] [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [ ] [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [ ] [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [ ] [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) + +- ### Геометрия, Выпуклая оболочка (видео) + - [ ] [Graph Alg. IV: Введение в геометрические алгоритмы - Лекция 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [ ] [Геометрические алгоритмы: Грэм и Джарвис - Лекция 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Разделяй и властвуй: Выпуклая оболочка, Медианный поиск](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + +- ### Discrete math + - see videos below + +- ### Machine Learning + - [ ] Why ML? + - [ ] [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + - [ ] [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + - [ ] [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + - [ ] [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + - [ ] [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + - [ ] [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [ ] [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) + - [ ] [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + - Courses: + - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) + - [videos only](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) + - see videos 12-18 for a review of linear algebra (14 and 15 are duplicates) + - [Neural Networks for Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) + - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) + - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) + - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) + - [Metis Online Course ($99 for 2 months)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) + - Resources: + - Books: + - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) + - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) + - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) + - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) + - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ + +- ### Go + - [ ] Videos: + - [ ] [Why Learn Go?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTl0tl9BGdc) + - [ ] [Go Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CF9S4QZuV30) + - [ ] [A Tour of Go](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytEkHepK08c) + - [ ] Books: + - [ ] [An Introduction to Programming in Go (read free online)](https://www.golang-book.com/books/intro) + - [ ] [The Go Programming Language (Donovan & Kernighan)](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Addison-Wesley-Professional-Computing/dp/0134190440) + - [ ] [Bootcamp](https://www.golang-book.com/guides/bootcamp) + +-- + +## Additional Detail on Some Subjects + + I added these to reinforce some ideas already presented above, but didn't want to include them + above because it's just too much. It's easy to overdo it on a subject. + You want to get hired in this century, right? + +- [ ] **Union-Find** + - [ ] [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [ ] [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [ ] [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [ ] [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [ ] [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) + +- [ ] **More Dynamic Programming** (videos) + - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + - [ ] [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + - [ ] [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) + +- [ ] **Advanced Graph Processing** (videos) + - [ ] [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [ ] [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) + +- [ ] MIT **Probability** (mathy, and go slowly, which is good for mathy things) (videos): + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) + +- [ ] [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) + +- [ ] **String Matching** + - [ ] Rabin-Karp (videos): + - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) + - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) + - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) + - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) + - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) + - [ ] Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): + - [TThe Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) + - [ ] Boyer–Moore string search algorithm + - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) + - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) + - [ ] [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - starts off great, but by the time it gets past KMP it gets more complicated than it needs to be + - nice explanation of tries + - can be skipped + +- [ ] **Sorting** + + - [ ] Stanford lectures on sorting: + - [ ] [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - [ ] Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: + - [ ] [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [ ] [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + +## Video Series + +Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P + +- [ ] [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + +- [ ] [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) + +- [ ] [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) + +- [ ] [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) + +- [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) + +- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) + +- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) + +- [ ] CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) + - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) + +- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFPmKGIrQs4&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) + +- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + +- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJJeUFyuvvg&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) + +- [ ] [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + +- [ ] [UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + +- [ ] [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) + +- [ ] [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) + +- [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) + - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) + +- [ ] [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) + +- [ ] [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) + +## Computer Science Courses + +- [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) +- [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) diff --git a/translations/README-th.md b/translations/README-th.md index 4b8a3f8..1efa9c3 100644 --- a/translations/README-th.md +++ b/translations/README-th.md @@ -26,11 +26,64 @@ - [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) - [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +
+
+

+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

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+ Special thanks to: +

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+ Natively integrated with GitLab, GitHub, and Bitbucket, Gitpod automatically and continuously prebuilds dev environments for all your branches. As a result team members can instantly start coding with fresh dev environments for each new task - no matter if you are building a new feature, want to fix a bug, or work on a code review. +
+ +

+
+
+ ## นี่คืออะไร ? นี่เป็นแผนการศึกษาหลายเดือนของผมจากนักพัฒนาเว็บไซต์ (ด้วยการศึกษาด้วยตัวเอง โดยไม่ได้จบวิทยาการคอมพิวเตอร์) เพื่อจะเป็นวิศวกรซอฟต์แวร์ในบริษัทขนาดใหญ่ที่หลายๆ คนต้องการเข้าทำงานด้วย -![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) +![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) บทความนี้สำหรับคนที่อยากเป็น **วิศวกรซอฟต์แวร์** หรือต้องการเปลี่ยนมาจากนักพัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์หรือนักพัฒนาเว็บไซด์มาเป็นวิศวกรซอฟต์แวร์ (ผู้ซึ่งมีความรู้ความเข้าใจลึกซึ้งในหลักการของวิทยาการคอมพิวเตอร์) ถ้าคุณมีประสบการณ์หลายปีและมั่นใจในประสบการณ์การเป็นวิศวกรซอฟต์แวร์ของคุณ จะได้เจอการสัมภาษณ์ที่ยากขึ้นแน่นอน @@ -186,7 +239,7 @@ `git commit -m "Marked x" ` -`git rebase jwasham/master ` +`git rebase jwasham/main ` `git push --force ` @@ -392,8 +445,8 @@ Here are some mistakes I made so you'll have a better experience. คุณสามารถทำได้แบบฟรีๆ: - [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [คลัง flash card ของผม (เก่า - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): -- [คลัง flash cards ของผม (ใหม่- 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): +- [คลัง flash card ของผม (เก่า - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [คลัง flash cards ของผม (ใหม่- 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): คลังการ์ดของผมนั้น เนื้อหาจะครอบคลุมเกินเนื้อหาหลัก ตั้งแต่ภาษา assembly และ Python จนไปถึง machine learning และ สถิติ ซึ่งมันก็เกินกว่าที่เราต้องการ @@ -628,7 +681,7 @@ There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concen - binary search using recursion - ### Bitwise operations - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - [ ] Good intro: @@ -657,7 +710,6 @@ There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concen ## Trees - ### Trees - Notes & Background - - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) - basic tree construction - traversal @@ -880,7 +932,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - when it is appropriate to use it - how is tail recursion better than not? - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) - ### Dynamic Programming - This subject can be pretty difficult, as each DP soluble problem must be defined as a recursion relation, and coming up with it can be tricky. @@ -1248,7 +1300,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the Video Series section. - [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: - review: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - flow: 1. Understand the problem and scope: - define the use cases, with interviewer's help @@ -1379,7 +1431,7 @@ Challenge sites: - [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) - [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) - [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) - [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) Mock Interviews: @@ -1568,7 +1620,6 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo - [ ] [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - ### Garbage collection - - [ ] [Garbage collection (Java); Augmenting data str (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) - [ ] [Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) @@ -1882,7 +1933,7 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) +- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) - [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) @@ -1923,7 +1974,7 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=9D558D49CA734A02) +- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) - [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) diff --git a/translations/README-tr.md b/translations/README-tr.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..01389a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/translations/README-tr.md @@ -0,0 +1,2034 @@ +# Kodlama Mülakatı Üniversitesi + +> Aslında bunu yazılım mühendisi olabilmek için kısa bir yapılacaklar listesi olarak hazırladım, +> ama bugün gördüğünüz büyük listeye dönüştü. Bu çalışma planını tamamladıktan sonra, [Amazon tarafından +> Yazılım Geliştirme Mühendisi olarak işe alındım.](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! +> Muhtemelen yaptığım kadar çok çalışmanıza gerek kalmayacaktır. Her neyse, ihtiyaç duyabileceğiniz her şey burada. +> +> Birkaç ay boyunca günde 8 - 12 saat çalıştım. İşte benim hikayem: [Neden bir Google mülakatı için 8 ay boyunca tam zamanlı çalıştım?](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) +> +> Burada listelenenler sizi herhangi bir yazılım firmasıyla yapacağınız teknik mülakata iyi bir şekilde hazırlar, +> büyük devler de dahil: Amazon, Facebook, Google, ve Microsoft. +> +> *İyi Şanslar!* + + +
+Translations: + +- [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) +- [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamca](translations/README-vi.md) +- [İspanyolca](translations/README-es.md) +- [Brezilya Portekizcesi](translations/README-ptbr.md) +- [Lehçe](translations/README-pl.md) +- [繁體中文](translations/README-tw.md) +- [Japonca (日本語)](translations/README-ja.md) +- [Rusça](translations/README-ru.md) +- [Almanca](translations/README-de.md) +- [Bahasa Indonesia](translations/README-id.md) +- [ខ្មែរ - Kmer](translations/README-kh.md) +- [Özbekçe](translations/README-uz.md) + +
+ +
+Translations in progress: + +- [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +- [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) +- [Arapça](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) +- [Türkçe](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) +- [Fransızca](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) +- [Українська](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) +- [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) +- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/519) +- [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +- [Yunanca](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) +- [İtalyanca](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) +- [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) + +
+ +
+
+

+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

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+ Special thanks to: +

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+ Applying to jobs? Autofill all your applications in 1-click. +

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+ Founded in 2018, OSS Capital is the first and only venture capital platform focused
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+ Dev environments built for the cloud +

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+ Natively integrated with GitLab, GitHub, and Bitbucket, Gitpod automatically and continuously prebuilds dev environments for all your branches. As a result team members can instantly start coding with fresh dev environments for each new task - no matter if you are building a new feature, want to fix a bug, or work on a code review. +
+ +

+
+
+ +## Nedir? + +Bir web geliştiricisinden (CS derecesi olmadan, alaylı), büyük bir firmada yazılım mühendisi olmak için çok-aylı bir çalışma planıdır. + +![Beyaz tahtada kodlama - HBO'nun Silikon Vadisi'nden](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) + +Bu liste, yeni yazılım mühendisleri için veya web ya da yazılım geliştiriciliği alanlarından, yazılım mühendisliğine (bilgisayar bilimleri bilgisi gerekli) geçiş için hazırlanmıştır. +Eğer uzun yıllardır tecreübeniz varsa ve yazılım mühendisliği tecrübesi istiyorsanız, daha zor bir mülakat bekleyin. +Eğer uzun yıllardır yazılım/web geliştirme deneyiminiz varsa, Google, Amazon, Facebook ve Microsoft gibi büyük yazılım firmalarının yazılım mühendisliğini yazılım/web geliştirmekten farklı gördüğüne, ve bilgisayar bilimleri bilgisi istediğine dikkat edin. + +Eğer güvenlik ya da operasyon mühendisi olmak istiyorsanız, opsiyonel listeden (network, güvenlik) konulara daha fazla çalışın. + +--- + +## İçindekiler + +- [Nedir?](#nedir) +- [Neden kullanılır?](#neden-kullanılır) +- [Nasıl kullanılır?](#nasıl-kullanılır) +- [Yeterince zeki olmadığınızı hissetmeyin](#yeterince-zeki-olmadığınızı-hissetmeyin) +- [Video Kaynakları Hakkında](#video-kaynakları-hakkında) +- [Mülakat Süreci & Genel Mülakat Hazırlığı](#interview-process--general-interview-prep) +- [Mülakat İçin Bir Dil Seçin](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview) +- [Kitap Listesi](#book-list) +- [Başlamadan Önce](#before-you-get-started) +- [Örtülü Olarak Görmeyecekleriniz](#what-you-wont-see-covered) +- [Günlük Plan](#the-daily-plan) +- [Önkoşul Bilgisi](#prerequisite-knowledge) +- [Günlük Plan](#the-daily-plan) +- [Algoritma Karmaşıklığı / Big-O / Asimptotik Analizler](#algorithmic-complexity--big-o--asymptotic-analysis) +- [Veri Yapıları](#data-structures) + - [Diziler](#arrays) + - [Bağlı Listeler](#linked-lists) + - [Yığın](#stack) + - [Kuyruk](#queue) + - [Hash tablosu](#hash-table) +- [Ekstra Bilgi](#more-knowledge) + - [İkili arama](#binary-search) + - [Bitsel operasyonlar](#bitwise-operations) +- [Ağaçlar](#trees) + - [Ağaçlar - Notlar & Arkaplan](#trees---notes--background) + - [İkili Arama Ağaçları: BST'ler](#binary-search-trees-bsts) + - [Yığın / Öncelik Kuyruğu / İkili Yığın](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) + - dengeli arama ağaçları (genel konseptler, detaylar hariç) + - dolaşımlar: preorder, inorder, postorder, BFS, DFS +- [Sıralama](#sorting) + - seçimli (selection) + - eklemeli (insertion) + - yığın sıralama (heapsort) + - hızlı sıralama (quicksort) + - merge sort +- [Graflar](#graphs) + - yönlü + - yönsüz + - bitişiklik matrisi + - bitişiklik listesi + - dolaşımlar: BFS, DFS +- [Daha Fazla Bilgi](#even-more-knowledge) + - [Rekürsif](#recursion) + - [Dinamik Programlama](#dynamic-programming) + - [Nesneye-Yönelik Programlama](#object-oriented-programming) + - [Tasarım Desenleri](#design-patterns) + - [Kombinasyonlar (n seçim k) & İhtimaller](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) + - [NP, NP-Complete ve Yaklaşım Algoritmaları](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) + - [Önbellekler](#caches) + - [Prosesler ve Threadler](#processes-and-threads) + - [Test Etme](#testing) + - [Zamanlama](#scheduling) + - [Kağıtlar](#papers) + - [Test Etme](#testing) + - [Planlama](#scheduling) + - [String arama & manipulasyon](#string-searching--manipulations) + - [Denemeler](#tries) + - [Kayan Noktalı Sayılar](#floating-point-numbers) + - [Unicode](#unicode) + - [Endianness](#endianness) + - [Network Oluşturma](#networking) +- [Sistem Tasarımı, Ölçeklenebilirlik, Veri İşleme](#system-design-scalability-data-handling) (eğer 4+ yıldan fazla deneyiminiz varsa) +- [Final Bakışı](#final-review) +- [Kodlama Soruları Uygulaması](#coding-question-practice) +- [Kodlama egzersizleri/yarışmalar](#coding-exerciseschallenges) +- [Mülakata yakın olduğunuzda](#once-youre-closer-to-the-interview) +- [Sizin için En İyi Kariyer Fırsatlarını Bulma Yöntemi](#best-way-to-find-perfect-career-opportunities-for-you) +- [Özgeçmişiniz](#your-resume) +- [Mülakat geldiğinde düşünmek](#be-thinking-of-for-when-the-interview-comes) +- [Mülakat yapan kişiye sorularınızın olması](#have-questions-for-the-interviewer) +- [İşi Aldığınızda](#once-youve-got-the-job) + +---------------- Bu bölümün altındakiler opsiyoneldir ---------------- + +## Ek Kaynaklar + +- [Ek kitaplar](#additional-books) +- [Ek Öğrenim](#additional-learning) + - [Derleyiciler](#compilers) + - [Emacs ve vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) + - [Unix komut satırı araçları](#unix-command-line-tools) + - [Bilgi teorisi](#information-theory-videos) + - [Parite & Hamming Kodu](#parity--hamming-code-videos) + - [Entropi](#entropy) + - [Kriptografi](#cryptography) + - [Sıkıştırma](#compression) + - [Bilgisayar Güvenliği](#computer-security) + - [Çöp toplayıcı](#garbage-collection) + - [Paralel Programlama](#parallel-programming) + - [Mesajlaşma, Serileştirme ve Kuyruklama Sistemleri](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems) + - [A*](#a) + - [Hızlı Fourier Dönüşümü](#fast-fourier-transform) + - [Bloom Filtresi](#bloom-filter) + - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) + - [Konuma Duyarlı Hashleme](#locality-sensitive-hashing) + - [van Emde Boas Ağaçları](#van-emde-boas-trees) + - [Artırılmış Veri Yapıları](#augmented-data-structures) + - [Dengeli arama ağaçları](#balanced-search-trees) + - AVL ağaçları + - Splay ağaçları + - Kırmızı/siyah ağaçları + - 2-3 arama ağaçları + - 2-3-4 Ağaçları (aka 2-4 ağaçları) + - N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) ağaçları + - B-ağaçları + - [k-D Ağaçları](#k-d-trees) + - [Geçiş Listeleri](#skip-lists) + - [Network Akışları](#network-flows) + - [Ayrık Kümeler & Birlik Bulma](#disjoint-sets--union-find) + - [Hızlı İşleme için Matematik](#math-for-fast-processing) + - [Treap](#treap) + - [Lineer Programlama](#linear-programming-videos) + - [Geometri, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull-videos) + - [Ayrık matematik](#discrete-math) + - [Makine Öğrenmesi](#machine-learning) +- [Bazı Konular Hakkında Ekstra Bilgi](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) +- [Video Serileri](#video-series) +- [Bilgisayar Bilimleri Kursları](#computer-science-courses) +- [Makaleler](#papers) + +--- + +## Neden Kullanılır? + +Bu projeye başladığımda, Stack ya da heap farkını bilmiyordum, Big-O notasyonu hakkında bir şey bilmiyordum, ağaçlar hakkında bir şey +bilmiyordum, ya da bir graf nasıl dolaşılır bilmiyordum. Bir sıralama algoritması kodlamış olsaydım, iyi olmayacağını size +söyleyebilirdim. Kullandığım her veri yapısı dilin içinde hazır bulunmaktaydı, kaputun altında nasıl çalıştıklarını bilmiyordum. +Çalışmakta olduğum bir proses, "bellek yetersiz" uyarısı verene kadar herhangi bir bellek yönetimi yapmamıştım ve buna bir geçici çözüm +buldum. Hayatımda bir kaç sefer çok boyutlu dizileri kullandım ve binlerce birleştirici dizileri kullandım, ama hiç bir zaman sıfırdan +bir veri yapısı oluşturmadım. + +Bu uzun bir plan. Aylar sürebilir. Eğer bunlara aşinaysanız, daha az zamanınızı alacaktır. + +## Nasıl Kullanılır + +Aşağıdaki her şey bir ana hattır, ve yukarıdan aşağıya doğru öğeleri ele almalısınız. + +İlerlemeyi izlemek için görev listeleri de dahil olmak üzere GitHub'ın özel işaretleme özelliğini kullanıyorum. + +**Bu şekilde öğeleri seçmek için yeni bir dal oluşturun, braketler arasına sadece bir x koyun: [x]** + + + Bir dalı fork edin ve aşağıdaki komutları takip edin + +Github repositorysini https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university Fork butonuna tıklayarak fork edin + + Lokal repositorynize klonlayın + +`git clone git@github.com:/coding-interview-university.git` + +`git checkout -b progress` + +`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` + +`git fetch --all` + + Değişikliklerinizi tamamladıktan sonra bütün kutuları X ile işaretleyin + +`git add .` + +`git commit -m "Marked x"` + +`git rebase jwasham/main` + +`git push --set-upstream origin progress` + +`git push --force` + +[Github aromalı Markdown ile ilgili daha fazla bilgi](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) + + +## Yeterince zeki olmadığınızı hissetmeyin +- Başarılı yazılım mühendisleri akıllıdır, ancak çoğunluğu yeterince zeki olmadığı için güvensizlik yaşarlar. +- [Dahi programcı hakkında bir efsane](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +- [Yalnız Gitmek Tehlikeli: Teknolojide Görünmez Canavarla Savaşmak](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) +- [Değişebileceğine inan](http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/dweck) + + +## Video Kaynakları Hakkında + +Bazı videolar Coursera ya da EdX sınıflarına dahil olduğunuzda ulaşılabilmektedir. Bunlar MOOC'lar olarak adlandırılır. +Bazı kurslar aktif olmayabilirler, bir kaç ay beklemeniz gerekebilir, erişiminiz olmaz. + + Ücretsiz ve her zaman ulaşılabilir kaynaklar eklerseniz memnun olurum, YouTube videoları gibi çevrimiçi kurs videolarına eşlik edebilirsiniz. + Üniversite derslerini kullanmayı severim. + + +## Mülakat Süreci & Genel Mülakat Hazırlığı + +- [ ] [2021 Yılında Mühendislik Mülakatını Nasıl Geçersiniz](https://davidbyttow.medium.com/how-to-pass-the-engineering-interview-in-2021-45f1b389a1) +- [ ] [Beyaz tahtalama](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) +- [ ] [Teknoloji İşe Alımını Açıklığa Kavuşturmak](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] Büyük 4'lüde Nasıl İşe Girersiniz: + - [ ] [Büyük 4'lüde Nasıl İşe Girersiniz - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) + - [ ] [Büyük 4(.1)'lüde Nasıl İşe Girersiniz (Devam videosu)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6790FVXWBw8&feature=youtu.be) +- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] Cracking the Facebook Coding Interview: + - [ ] [Yaklaşım](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) + - [ ] [Problemde İzlenecek Yol](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) +- [ ] Hazırlık Kursu: + - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (ücretli kurs)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): + - Eski bir Google görüşmecisinden yazılım mühendisi görüşmelerine kendinizi nasıl hazırlayacağınızı öğrenin. + - [ ] [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews (ücretli kurs)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - Veri yapılarını, algoritmaları, sahte mülakatları ve çok daha fazlasını kapsayan Python merkezli bir mülakat hazırlık kursu. + - [ ] [Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms using Python (Udacity ücretsiz kurs)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): + - Ücretsiz bir Python merkezli veri yapıları ve algoritmaları kursu. + - [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms Nanodegree! (Udacity paid Nanodegree)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): + - Mülakatlara ve iş başında senaryolara hazırlanmanıza yardımcı olmak için özel bir danışmandan 100'den fazla veri yapısı ve algoritma alıştırmaları ve rehberliği ile uygulamalı pratik yapın. + - [ ] [Grokking the Behavioral Interview (Educative free course)](https://www.educative.io/courses/grokking-the-behavioral-interview): + - Çoğu zaman, sizi hayalinizdeki işe girmekten alıkoyan şey teknik yeterliliğiniz değil, görüşmede davranışsal nasıl performans gösterdiğinizdir. + +## Mülakat İçin Bir Dil Seçin + +Mülakatın kodlama bölümü için rahat hissettiğiniz bir dili kullanabilirsiniz, ancak büyük şirketler için, aşağıdakiler sağlam seçeneklerdir: + +- C++ +- Java +- Python + +Ayrıca bunları da kullanabilirsin, ancak önce okuyun. Bazı uyarılar olabilir: + +- JavaScript +- Ruby + +İşte mülakat için bir dil seçme hakkında yazdığım bir makale: [Pick One Language for the Coding Interview](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/). + +Bir dilde çok rahat ve bilgili olmanız gerekmektedir. + +Seçenekler hakkında daha fazlasını okuyun: +- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ +- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ + +[Dil kaynaklarına buradan göz atın](programming-language-resources.md) + +Aşağıda C, C++ ve Python öğreniminin dahil olduğunu göreceksiniz, çünkü ben öğreniyorum. Alta bakarsanız bir kaç kitap dahil edilmiştir. + +## Kitap Listesi + +Kendi kullandığım kısa bir liste. Zamandan tasarruf etmenizi sağlayacaktır. + +### Mülakat Hazırlığı + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) + - C++ ve Java dillerinde cevaplar + - Cracking the Coding Interview için iyi bir ısınma + - çok zor değil, çoğu problem bir mülakatta göreceğinizden daha kolay (benim okuduğum kadarıyla) +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - Java dilinde cevaplar + +### Eğer bir sürü ekstra vaktiniz varsa: + +Birini seçin: + +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [ ] Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version) + - [kitap](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) + +### Spesifik Dil + +**Mülakat için bir dil seçmeniz gerekir (alta bakın).** Dile göre önerilerim burada. Her dil için kaynaklara sahip değilim. İlaveleri memnuniyetle karşılarım. + +Eğer bunlardan birini okursanız, kodlama problemlerini yapmaya başlamanız için gereken tüm veri yapılarına ve algoritma bilgisine sahip olmanız gerekir. +İnceleme yapmak istemiyorsanız **bu projedeki bütün video derslerini atlayabilirsiniz** + +[Spesifik dillere özgü ek kaynaklar burada.](programming-language-resources.md) + +### C++ + +Henüz bu ikisini okumadım, ancak Sedgewick tararından yüksek derecelendirilmiş ve yazılmıştır. O mükemmel biri. + +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) +- [ ] [Open Data Structures in C++](https://opendatastructures.org/ods-cpp.pdf) + - Rich and detailed collection of Data Structures and Algorithms + - Great for first-timers + +C++ için daha iyi bir tavsiyeniz varsa, beni bilgilendirin. Kapsamlı bir kaynak arıyorum. + +### Java + +- [ ] [Algorithms (Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - kitap içeriğiyle birlikte coursera videoları (ve Sedgewick!): + - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +YA DA: + +- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) + - Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser tarafından + - UC Berkeley'de bilgisayar bilimleri tanıtımı için opsiyonel metin olarak kullanılır + - aşağıda Python versiyonuyla ilgili kitap raporuma bak. Bu kitap aynı konuları kapsıyor. + +### Python + +- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser tarafından + - Bu kitabı seviyorum. Her şeyi ve daha fazlasını kapsıyor. + - Pythonic kod + - kitap raporum: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ +- [ ] [Open Data Structures in Python](https://opendatastructures.org/ods-python.pdf) + +## Başlamadan Önce + +Bu liste birkaç ayda büyüdü, ve evet, biraz elden çıktı. + +Yaptığım hatalar şunlardır; böylece daha iyi bir tecrübeye sahip olacaksınız. + +### 1. Hepsini Hatırlamayacaksın + +Saatlerce videolar izledim ve bol bol notlar aldım ancak aylar sonra hatırlamadığım çok şey oldu. Notlar karıştırarak ve +flashcardlar yaparak tekrarlamaya 3 günümü harcadım. + +Lütfen okuyun, benim hatalarımı yapmayın: +[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/). + +A course recommended to me (haven't taken it): [Learning how to Learn](https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn). + +### 2. Flashcard Kullanın + +Problemi çözmek için, genel ve kod olmak üzere 2 tür flashcard ekleyebildiğim küçük bir flashcard sitesi hazırladım. +Her kart farklı bir formata sahip. + +Nerede olursam olayım, telefonumdan ve tabletimden inceleyebilmek için bir mobil web sitesi hazırladım. + +Kendinizinkini ücretsiz olarak yapın: + +- [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) +- [Benim flashcard veritabanım (eski - 1200 kart)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [Benim flashcard veritabanım (yeni - 1800 kart)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): + +Kartlarla ilgili biraz aşırıya kaçtım, benim kartlarım Assembly dilinden Python'a, makine öğrenmesinden istatistiğe kadar bir çok şeyi kapsar. Gerekli olandan çok daha fazlasına sahip. + +**Flashcardlarla ilgili not:** İlk defa cevabı bildiğinizi fark ederseniz, bildiğiniz gibi işaretlemeyin. Aynı kartı görmeniz ve +gerçekten bilmeden önce birkaç kez doğru cevaplamanız gerekir. Tekrarlama bu bilgiyi beyninizde derinleştirecektir. + +Kullandığım flashcard siteme bir alternatif [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), bana defalarca tavsiye edildi. Unutulmaması için bir tekrarlama sistemi kullanır. +Kullanıcı dostu, tüm platformlarda kullanılabilir ve bir bulut senkronizasyon sistemi vardır. iOS'da 25$, diğer platformlarda ücretsiz. + +Benim flashcard veritabanımın Anki formatı: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (teşekkürler, [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) + +### 3. Veri yapıları ve algoritmaları öğrenirken kodlama mülakatına yönelik sorular yapın + +Öğrendiklerinizi sorunları çözmek için uygulamanız gerekir, yoksa unutacaksınız. Bu hatayı yaptım. Bir konuyu öğrendikten sonra, +ve o konu üzerinde kendinizi rahat hissettikten sonra (örneğin bağlantılı listeler), kodlama mülakatı kitaplarından birini açın ve bununla ilgili birkaç soru yapın. +Ardından bir sonraki konuya geçin. Daha sonra geri dönün ve başka bir bağlantılı liste problemi yapın, +ya da özyineleme sorunu ya da her neyse. Ama öğrenirken problemler yapmaya devam edin. Bilgi için işe alınmıyorsun, +bilgiyi nasıl kullandığından işe alınıyorsun. Önerdiğim birkaç kitap ve site var. +Daha fazlası için buraya bakın: [Kodlama Soruları Pratiği](#coding-question-practice). + +### 4. Tekrar, tekrar, tekrar + +ASCII, OSI stack, Big-O notasyonu, ve daha fazlası üzerinde bir dizi kopya kağıdı tutarım. Boş zamanlarım olduğunda bunlara çalışırım. + +Yarım saat için programlama problemlerine ara verin ve flashcard'larınıza geçin. + +### 5. Focus + +Değerli zamanınızı alabilecek bir çok dikkat dağıtıcı şey vardır. Odaklanma ve konsantrasyonda zorlanabilirsin. Arka fon müziği açarak gayet güzel bir şekilde odaklanabilirsin. + +## Neyi görmeyeceksiniz + +Bunlar yaygın teknolojilerdir ancak bu çalışma planının bir parçası değildir: + +- SQL +- Javascript +- HTML, CSS, ve diğer front-end teknolojileri + +## Günlük Plan + +Bazı konular bir gün alır, ve bazıları birkaç gün sürer. Bazıları sadece öğrenilir, kullanılmaz. + +Her gün aşağıdaki listeden bir konu alıyorum, bu konuyla ilgili videolar izliyorum, ve implemente ediyorum: +- C - struct * ve argüman olarak başka şeyler alan struct ve fonksiyonları kullanarak +- C++ - yerleşik türleri kullanmadan +- C++ - yerleşik türleri kullanarak, bağlı liste için STL'in std::list gibi +- Python - yerleşik türleri kullanarak (Python'la ilgili pratiğe devam etmek için) +- doğru yaptığımdan emin olmak için testler yazarım, bazen sadece basit assert() deyimleri kullanırım +- Java ya da başka bir şey yapabilirsin, bu sadece benim yaptıklarım. + +Bunların hepsine ihtiyacın yok. Sadece [mülakat için bir dile](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview) ihtiyacın var. + +Neden bunların hepsinde kod var? +- Bıkana kadar, pratik, pratik, pratik, ve sonra sorunsuzca yapılabilir (bazılarının bir çok edge-case'i var ve hatırlanması için defter tutma ayrıntıları var) +- Ham kısıtlamalar ile çalışın (Çöp toplayıcı yardımı olmadan belleği ayırma / boşaltma (Python ya da Java hariç)) +- Yerleşik türlerden faydalanarak, yerleşik araçları gerçek dünya kullanımında tecrübe edindim. (kendi bağlı liste uygulamamı production'da kullanmayacağım.) + +Her konu için bunları yapmaya vaktim olmayabilir, ama deneyeceğim. + +Kodumu buradan görebilirsiniz: + - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + +Her algoritmanın püf noktalarını ezberlemenize gerek yok. + +Kodları beyaz tahtaya ya da kağıda yazın, bilgisayara değil. Örnek girdileri test edin. Sonra bilgisayar dışında test edin. + +## Önkoşul Bilgisi + +- [ ] **C Öğren** + - C her yerde. Çalışırken kitaplarda, derslerde, videolarda, kısaca *her yerde* örnekler göreceksin. + - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - Bu kısa kitap C dili üzerinde büyük bir ipucu verir, ve biraz pratik yaparsanız hızlı bir şekilde yetkinleşebilirsiniz. C'yi anlarsanız programların ve belleğin nasıl çalıştığını anlarsınız. + - [Sorulara cevap verin](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) + +- [ ] **Bilgisayarlar programları nasıl işlerler:** + - [ ] [CPU programı nasıl yürütür (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) + - [ ] [Makine Kodu Talimatları (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2XQgpbTNE) + - [ ] [Registers ve RAM (video)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [ ] [İşlemci (CPU) (video)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [ ] [Komutlar ve Programlar (video)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) + +## Algoritma karmaşıklığı / Big-O / Asimptotik analiz +- uygulanacak bir şey değil +- Burada bir sürü video var. Anlayana kadar videoları izle. Her zaman geri gelip tekrar inceleyebilirsin +- Eğer çok matematiksel geliyorsa aşağıya inip ayrık matematik videolarına bakabilirsin +- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] Skiena: + - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [slides](https://archive.org/details/lecture2_202008) +- [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) +- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/orders-of-growth-6PKkX) +- [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/asymptotics-bXAtM) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_ca3e7UVmeUc) +- [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/illustrating-big-o-YVqzv) +- [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) +- [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) + +## Veri Yapıları + +- ### Diziler + - Otomatik olarak yeniden boyutlandırılan bir vektör uygulayın. + - [ ] Tanım: + - [Diziler (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/arrays-OsBSF) + - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Lineer ve Çok Boyutlu Diziler (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (İzlemenye 15:32'den başlayın) + - [Dinamik Diziler (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/dynamic-arrays-EwbnV) + - [Jagged Diziler (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [ ] Vektör uygulayın (otomatik yeniden boyutlandırmaya sahip değiştirilebilir dizi): + - [ ] Dizileri ve işaretçileri kullanarak kodlama pratiği yapın, ve indexleme kullanmak yerine işaretçi matematiği kullanarak bir indexe atlayın. + - [ ] ayrılmış belleğe sahip yeni ham veri dizisi + - arkada int dizini kullanabilir, özelliklerini kullanamazsınız. + - 16 ile başlayın, başlangıç sayısı daha büyükse, 2'nin katlarını kullanın - 16, 32, 64, 128 + - [ ] size() - eleman sayısı + - [ ] capacity() - tutabileceği eleman sayısı + - [ ] is_empty() + - [ ] at(index) - verilen indekse ait öğeyi döndürür, eğer o sınırlarda indeks yoksa patlar. + - [ ] push(item) + - [ ] insert(index, item) - indekse öğe ekler, bu dizinin değerini ve arkasındaki öğeleri sağa kaydırır. + - [ ] prepend(item) - indeks 0'dan yukarıya eklemek için kullanılır + - [ ] pop() - en sondakini kaldırır, geri döndürür + - [ ] delete(index) - verilen indeksteki öğeyi siler, arkadaki öğeleri sola kaydırır. + - [ ] remove(item) - öğeyi arar ve onu tutan indeksi kaldırır (birden çok indekste olsa bile) + - [ ] find(item) - öğeyi arar ve öğeye sahip ilk indeksi döndürür, bulamazsa -1 döndürür + - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // özel fonksiyon + - kapasiteye erişince, boyutu iki katına çıkarın + - bir öğeyi çıkardığınızda, boyut 1/4 kapasiteye sahipse, yarısına yeniden boyutlandırın + - [ ] Zaman + - O(1) sona ekleme/silmede (daha fazla yer ayırmak için amortize edilir), index, ya da güncelleme + - O(n) başka yere ekleme/silmede + - [ ] Alan + - bellekte bitişiklik, performans artışına yardımcı olur + - gereken alan = (dizi kapasitesi, ki >= n) * öğe boyutu, 2n için, yine O(n) + +- ### Bağlı Listeler + - [ ] Tanım: + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) + - tüm video değil, Node yapısı ve bellek ayırma için olan bölümler. + - [ ] Bağlı Listeler vs Diziler: + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) + - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) + - [ ] [neden bağlı listelerden kaçınmalısınız (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [ ] Pointer için pointer bilgisine ihtiyacınız var: + (bir pointer'ı bir fonksiyona yolladığınızda, bu pointer'ın işaret ettiği adresi değiştirebilir.) + Bu sayfa ptr ile ptr arasında bir kavrayış elde etmek içindir. Bu listeyi yukarıdan aşağıya geçiş tarzını tavsiye etmiyorum. Okunabilirlik ve sürdürülebilirlik, zekice olması nedeniyle acı çekici oluyor. + - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) + - [ ] uygula (Kuyruk pointer ile & onsuz yaptım): + - [ ] size() - listedeki veri elementlerinin sayısını geri döndürür + - [ ] empty() - liste boşsa true döndürür + - [ ] value_at(index) - indexteki öğenin içeriğini döndürür (0'dan başlar) + - [ ] push_front(value) - listenin başına bir öğe ekler + - [ ] pop_front() - liste başındaki öğeyi kaldırıp return eder + - [ ] push_back(value) - listenin sonuna öğe ekler + - [ ] pop_back() - listenin sonundaki öğeyi kaldırır ve içeriğini return eder + - [ ] front() - ilk öğenin içeriğini verir + - [ ] back() - son öğenin içeriğini verir + - [ ] insert(index, value) - indexe yeni öğe ekler, geçerli öğenin indexi, yeni eklenen indexi gösterir + - [ ] erase(index) - verilen indexteki düğümü siler + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - listenin sonundan başlayarak n. pozisyondaki öğenin içeriğini verir + - [ ] reverse() - listeyi ters çevirir + - [ ] remove_value(value) - bu değerdeki ilk bulunan içeriği kaldırır + - [ ] Çift Bağlı Liste + - [Tanım (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) + - Uygulamaya gerek yok + +- ### Yığın + - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] Uygulamayın. Diziyle gerçekleştirmek önemsiz. + +- ### Kuyruk + - [ ] [Kuyruk (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) + - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] Bağlı listeyle birlikte kuyruk işaretçisi kullanarak uygulayın: + - enqueue(value) - kuyruktaki pozisyona değer ekler + - dequeue() - değeri döndürür ve en son eklenen elemanı kaldırır (ön) + - empty() + - [ ] Sabit boyutlu dizi kullanarak uygulayın: + - enqueue(value) - müsait saklama alanının sonuna öğe ekler + - dequeue() - değeri döndürür ve en son eklenen elemanı kaldırır + - empty() + - full() + - [ ] Maliyet: + - bağlı liste kullanılarak yapılan kötü bir uygulamada enqueue ve dequeue işlemleri O(n) zaman alır + çünkü son öğenin devamına ihtiyacınız var, bu durum da her dizinin dolanmasına neden olur. + - enqueue: O(1) (amorti, bağlı liste ve dizi [sondalama]) + - dequeue: O(1) (bağlı liste ve dizi) + - empty: O(1) (bağlı liste ve dizi) + +- ### Hash tablosu + - [ ] Videolar: + - [ ] [Zincirleme ile Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + - [ ] [Tablo Katlama, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Açık Adresleme, Kriptografik Hashleme (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [PyCon 2017: The Dictionary Even Mightier (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU) + - [ ] [(İleri Seviye) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [(İleri Seviye) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + + - [ ] Online Kurslar: + - [ ] [Hash Fonksiyonlarını Anlama (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Understanding-hash-functions/149042/177126-4.html) + - [ ] [Hash Tablolarını Kullanma (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-hash-tables/149042/177127-4.html) + - [ ] [Supporting Hashing (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Supporting-hashing/149042/177128-4.html) + - [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Language-support-hash-tables/149042/177129-4.html) + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) + - [ ] [Veri Yapıları (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4) + - [ ] [Telefon Rehberi Problemi (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/phone-book-problem-NYZZP) + - [ ] dağıtık hash tabloları: + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox-DvaIb) + - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/distributed-hash-tables-tvH8H) + + - [ ] Doğrusal sondalama (Linear Probing) kullanarak dizi ile uygulayın: + - hash(k, m) - m has tablosunun büyüklüğü + - add(key, value) - eğer key varsa, değerini güncelle + - exists(key) + - get(key) + - remove(key) + +## Daha Fazla Bilgi + +- ### İkili arama (Binary search) + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] Uygulama: + - binary search (sıralanmış tam sayı dizisine) + - binary search (rekürsif kullanarak) + +- ### Bitsel işlemler + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - 2'nin üslerinden bir çoğunu bilmelisin (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] Bunlarla bitleri manipüle etmeyi iyi anlayın: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << + - [ ] [kelimeler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) + - [ ] İyi bir başlangıç: + [Bit Manipülasyonu (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) + - [ ] [C Programlama Uygulaması 2-10: Bitsel Operatörler (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) + - [ ] [Bit Manipülasyonu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) + - [ ] [Bitsel Operasyon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) + - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] [Bit Hacks (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZusiKXcz_ac) + - [ ] [Practice Operations](https://pconrad.github.io/old_pconrad_cs16/topics/bitOps/) + - [ ] 2 ve 1'e tümleyenler + - [Binary: Artılar & Eksiler (Neden 2'ye Tümleyen Kullanırız) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) + - [1'e Tümleyen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) + - [2'ye tümleyen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) + - [ ] set bitlerinin sayımı + - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) + - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) + - [ ] Swap values: + - [Swap](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + - [ ] Absolute value: + - [Absolute Integer](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) + +## Ağaçlar + +- ### Ağaçlar - Notlar & Arkaplan + - [ ] [Series: Ağaçlar (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/trees-95qda) + - basit ağaç yapımı + - traversal + - manipülasyon algoritmaları + - [ ] [BFS(breadth-first search) ve DFS(depth-first search) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) + - BFS notları: + - level order (BFS, using queue) + - zaman karmaşıklığı: O(n) + - alan karmaşıklığı: en iyi: O(1), en kötü: O(n/2)=O(n) + - DFS notları: + - zaman karmaşıklığı: O(n) + - alan karmaşıklığı: + en iyi: O(log n) - ort. ağaç yüksekliği + en kötü: O(n) + - inorder (DFS: sol, kendisi, sağ) + - postorder (DFS: sol, sağ, kendisi) + - preorder (DFS: kendisi, sol, sağ) + +- ### İkili arama ağaçları: BSTs + - [ ] [İkili Arama Ağacı İncelemesi (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) + - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + - C/C++: + - [ ] [Binary search tree - Implementation in C/C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) + - [ ] [BST implementation - memory allocation in stack and heap (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) + - [ ] [Find min and max element in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Find height of a binary tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal - breadth-first and depth-first strategies (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) + - [ ] [Binary tree: Level Order Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal: Preorder, Inorder, Postorder (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Check if a binary tree is binary search tree or not (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Delete a node from Binary Search Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) + - [ ] [Inorder Successor in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] Uygulama: + - [ ] insert // değeri ağaca ekler + - [ ] get_node_count // barındırılan düğümlerin sayısını verir + - [ ] print_values // minimumdan maximuma doğru ağaçtaki değerleri yazdırır + - [ ] delete_tree + - [ ] is_in_tree // verilen değer ağaçta varsa true döndrür + - [ ] get_height // düğümlerin yüksekliğini döndürür (tek düğümlerin yüksekliği: 1) + - [ ] get_min // ağaçta bulunan minimum değeri verir + - [ ] get_max // ağaçta bulunan maximum değeri verir + - [ ] is_binary_search_tree + - [ ] delete_value + - [ ] get_successor // verilen değerden sonra ağaçtaki en yüksek değeri verir, bulunamazsa -1 verir + +- ### Heap / Öncelik Kuyruğu / Binary Heap + - ağaç olarak görselleştirilir, ancak depolama ortamında genellikle doğrusaldır (dizi, bağlı liste) + - [ ] [Heap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) + - [ ] [Giriş (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) + - [ ] [Naive Implementations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) + - [ ] [Tree Height Remark (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) + - [ ] [Basic Operations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) + - [ ] [Complete Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) + - [ ] [Pseudocode (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) + - [ ] [Heap Sort - jumps to start (video)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) + - [ ] [Building a heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) + - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) + - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] Max-heap uygulaması: + - [ ] insert + - [ ] sift_up - eklemek için gerekli + - [ ] get_max - maximum öğeyi çıkarmadan return eder + - [ ] get_size() - barındırılan eleman sayısını verir + - [ ] is_empty() - heap eleman içermiyorsa true döndürür + - [ ] extract_max - maximum öğeyi çıkararak döndürür + - [ ] sift_down - extract_max için gerekli + - [ ] remove(i) - indexdeki öğeyi kaldırır + - [ ] heapify - bir dizi öğeden heap oluşturur, heap_sort gerekli + - [ ] heap_sort() - sıralanmamış bir dizi alır ve max-heap veya min-heap kullanarak sıralı diziye dönüştürür + +## Sıralama + +- [ ] Notlar: + - Sıralamaları implemente et & en iyi/en kötü durumu, her birinin ortalama karmaşıklığını bil: + - bubble sort olmaz - çok kötü - O(n^2), n <= 16 hariç + - [ ] Sıralama Algoritmalarında Stabilite ("Quicksort stabil mi?") + - [Sorting Algorithm Stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) + - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) + - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) + - [Sorting Algorithms - Stability](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) + - [ ] Hangi algoritmalar bağlı listelerde kullanılabilir? Hangileri dizilerde? Hangileri hepsinde? + - Bağlı listeyi sıralamanızı tavsiye etmem, ancak merge sort bunu yapabilir. + - [Merge Sort For Linked List](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) + +- Heap sort için, yukarıdaki Heap veri yapısına bakın. Heap sort güzel, ama stabil değil. + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort) + - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) + - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/xAltF/sorting-complexity) + - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/9FYhS/comparators) + - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/vjvnC/quicksort) + - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/UQxFT/selection) + - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/XvjPd/duplicate-keys) + - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/QBNZ7/system-sorts) + +- [ ] UC Berkeley: + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) + +- [ ] [Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Analyzing Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort, Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Quicksort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Selection Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) + +- [ ] Merge sort kod: + - [ ] [Using output array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) + - [ ] [Using output array (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) + - [ ] [In-place (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) +- [ ] Quick sort kod: + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) + - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) + +- [ ] Uygulama: + - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) ortalama ve en kötü durum + - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) ortalama durum + - Selection sort ve insertion sort her ikisi de O(n^2) ortalama ve en kötü durum + - Heapsort için, yukarıdaki Heap veri yapısına bakın. + +- [ ] Gerekli değil, fakat tavsiye ediyorum: + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) + - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting) + - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/crkd5/3-way-radix-quicksort) + - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) + - [ ] [Radix Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) + +Özetlemek gerekirse, burada [15 sıralama algoritmasının](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg) görsel temsili var. +Bu konuda daha fazla bilgiye ihtiyacınız varsa, "Sıralama" bölümüne bakın [Bazı Konularda Ek Bilgiler](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) + +## Graflar + +Graflar, bilgisayar bilimlerinde birçok sorunu temsil etmek için kullanılabilir, bu nedenle bu bölüm ağaçlar ve sıralama algoritmaları gibi uzundur. + +- Notlar: + - Grafı bellekte temsil etmek için 4 temel yol vardır: + - objeler ve işaretçiler (pointers) + - bitişiklik matrisi + - bitişik liste + - bitişik map + - Her temsilciliği ve artılarını - eksilerini tanıyın. + - BFS ve DFS - hesaplama karmaşıklığını bilin, ödün vermelerini verin, gerçek kod uygulamasını bilin. + - Bir soru sorulduğunda önce graf tabanlı bir çözüm arayın, eğer yoksa devam edin. + +- [ ] MIT(videolar): + - [ ] [Breadth-First Arama](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - [ ] [Depth-First Arama](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) + +- [ ] Skiena Dersleri - güzel giriş: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + +- [ ] Graflar (inceleme ve fazlası): + + - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - Lecture 6 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + - [ ] ~~[CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489)~~ + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) + - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + +- Full Coursera Kursu: + - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) + +- Bunları uygulayacağım: + - [ ] DFS ile bitişik liste (rekürsif) + - [ ] DFS ile bitişik liste (yığınla iteratif) + - [ ] DFS ile bitişik matris (rekürsif) + - [ ] DFS ile bitişik matris (yığınla iteratif) + - [ ] BFS ile bitişik liste + - [ ] BFS ile bitişik matris + - [ ] tek kaynak en kısa yol (Dijkstra) + - [ ] minimum yayılan ağaç + - DFS-tabanlı algoritmalar (yukarıdaki Aduni videolarına bakın): + - [ ] döngüye bak (topolojik sıralama için gerekli, başlamadan önce döngüyü konyrol edeceğiz) + - [ ] topolojik sıralama + - [ ] bir graftaki bağlı komponentleri saymak + - [ ] kuvvetli bağlı komponentleri listele + - [ ] iki parçalı graf için kontrol et + +## Daha Fazla Bilgi + +- ### Rekürsif + - [ ] Stanford dersleri rekürsif & geri yineleme: + - [ ] [Lecture 8 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) + - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) + - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) + - Ne zaman kullanmak uygun olur? + - Parçalı özyineleme olmamasından nasıl daha iyidir? + - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) + +- ### Dinamik Programlama + - Mülakatınızda muhtemelen herhangi bir dinamik programlama sorusu görmeyeceksiniz, ancak bir soruyu dinamik programlama adayı olarak tanımaya değer. + - Bu konu oldukça zor olabilir, her DP çözülebilir problemin bir rekürsif ilişkisi olarak tanımlanması gerektiği için bununla baş etmek zor olabilir. + - Size tavsiyem ilgili model hakkında sağlam bir anlayış elde edene kadar, DP sorunlarının pek çok örneğini incelemenizi öneririm. + - [ ] Videolar: + - the Skiena videos can be hard to follow since he sometimes uses the whiteboard, which is too small to see + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] List of individual DP problems (each is short): + [Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + - [ ] Yale Lecture notes: + - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) + - [ ] Coursera: + - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) + - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) + - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + +- ### Object-Oriented Programming + - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) + - [ ] SOLID OOP Principles: [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) + +- ### Design patterns + - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) + - [ ] Learn these patterns: + - [ ] strategy + - [ ] singleton + - [ ] adapter + - [ ] prototype + - [ ] decorator + - [ ] visitor + - [ ] factory, abstract factory + - [ ] facade + - [ ] observer + - [ ] proxy + - [ ] delegate + - [ ] command + - [ ] state + - [ ] memento + - [ ] iterator + - [ ] composite + - [ ] flyweight + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 1) - Patterns (video)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Series of videos (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) + - I know the canonical book is "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", but Head First is great for beginners to OO. + - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) + - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) + + +- ### Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability + - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [Make School: Probability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + - [ ] [Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) + - [ ] Khan Academy: + - Course layout: + - [ ] [Basic Theoretical Probability](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) + - Just the videos - 41 (each are simple and each are short): + - [ ] [Probability Explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) + +- ### NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms + - Know about the most famous classes of NP-complete problems, such as traveling salesman and the knapsack problem, + and be able to recognize them when an interviewer asks you them in disguise. + - Know what NP-complete means. + - [ ] [Computational Complexity (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) + - [ ] Simonson: + - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness III (Video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) + - [ ] Skiena: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 23 - Introduction to NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 24 - NP-Completeness Proofs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 25 - NP-Completeness Challenge (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) + - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) + - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - Peter Norvig discusses near-optimal solutions to traveling salesman problem: + - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) + - Pages 1048 - 1140 in CLRS if you have it. + +- ### Caches + - [ ] LRU cache: + - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) + - [ ] [Implementing LRU (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) + - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) + - [ ] CPU cache: + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + +- ### Processes and Threads + - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operating Systems (25 videos): + - for processes and threads see videos 1-11 + - [Operating Systems and System Programming (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) + - Covers: + - Processes, Threads, Concurrency issues + - Difference between processes and threads + - Processes + - Threads + - Locks + - Mutexes + - Semaphores + - Monitors + - How they work? + - Deadlock + - Livelock + - CPU activity, interrupts, context switching + - Modern concurrency constructs with multicore processors + - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) + - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) + - Process resource needs (memory: code, static storage, stack, heap, and also file descriptors, i/o) + - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own pc, stack counter, registers, and stack) + - Forking is really copy on write (read-only) until the new process writes to memory, then it does a full copy. + - Context switching + - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware? + - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] concurrency in Python (videos): + - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) + - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) + - [ ] [Understanding the Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) + - [reference](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) + - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) + - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) + - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) + +- ### Testing + - To cover: + - how unit testing works + - what are mock objects + - what is integration testing + - what is dependency injection + - [ ] [Agile Software Testing with James Bach (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) + - [ ] [Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) + - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant) (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) + - [slides](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) + - [ ] Dependency injection: + - [ ] [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) + - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) + - [ ] [How to write tests](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) + +- ### Scheduling + - In an OS, how it works? + - Can be gleaned from Operating System videos + +- ### String searching & manipulations + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/introduction-to-substring-search) + - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) + - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) + - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) + - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) + - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + + If you need more detail on this subject, see "String Matching" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects). + +- ### Tries + - Note there are different kinds of tries. Some have prefixes, some don't, and some use string instead of bits + to track the path + - I read through code, but will not implement + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) + - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) + - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) + - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] Short course videos: + - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) + - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + +- ### Floating Point Numbers + - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + +- ### Unicode + - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + +- ### Endianness + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141940/http://www.cs.umd.edu:80/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - Very technical talk for kernel devs. Don't worry if most is over your head. + - The first half is enough. + +- ### Networking + - **if you have networking experience or want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, expect questions** + - Otherwise, this is just good to know + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/computers-and-internet-code-org) + - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained! (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial. (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] Sockets: + - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) + +## System Design, Scalability, Data Handling + +**You can expect system design questions if you have 4+ years of experience.** + +- Scalability and System Design are very large topics with many topics and resources, since + there is a lot to consider when designing a software/hardware system that can scale. + Expect to spend quite a bit of time on this +- Considerations: + - Scalability + - Distill large data sets to single values + - Transform one data set to another + - Handling obscenely large amounts of data + - System design + - features sets + - interfaces + - class hierarchies + - designing a system under certain constraints + - simplicity and robustness + - tradeoffs + - performance analysis and optimization +- [ ] **START HERE**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Interview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) +- [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) +- [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) +- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below +- [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +- [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) +- [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) +- [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) +- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem) +- [ ] [MIT 6.824: Distributed Systems, Spring 2020 (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQP8WApzIQQ&list=PLrw6a1wE39_tb2fErI4-WkMbsvGQk9_UB) +- [ ] Consensus Algorithms: + - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + - [ ] [Easy-to-read paper](https://raft.github.io/) + - [ ] [Infographic](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) +- [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) +- [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) +- [ ] Scalability: + - You don't need all of these. Just pick a few that interest you. + - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] Short series: + - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) + - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) + - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) + - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) + - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) + - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) + - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) + - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) + - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) + - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) + - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) + - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) + - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) + - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) + - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + - [ ] See "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" way below for info on some of the technologies that can glue services together + - [ ] Twitter: + - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) + - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [Video Series](#video-series) section +- [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: + - review: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - flow: + 1. Understand the problem and scope: + - Define the use cases, with interviewer's help + - Suggest additional features + - Remove items that interviewer deems out of scope + - Assume high availability is required, add as a use case + 2. Think about constraints: + - Ask how many requests per month + - Ask how many requests per second (they may volunteer it or make you do the math) + - Estimate reads vs. writes percentage + - Keep 80/20 rule in mind when estimating + - How much data written per second + - Total storage required over 5 years + - How much data read per second + 3. Abstract design: + - Layers (service, data, caching) + - Infrastructure: load balancing, messaging + - Rough overview of any key algorithm that drives the service + - Consider bottlenecks and determine solutions + - Exercises: + - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) + - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) + - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) + - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) + +--- + +## Final Review + + This section will have shorter videos that you can watch pretty quickly to review most of the important concepts. + It's nice if you want a refresher often. + +- [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (18 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +--- + +## Coding Question Practice + +Now that you know all the computer science topics above, it's time to practice answering coding problems. + +**Coding question practice is not about memorizing answers to programming problems.** + +Why you need to practice doing programming problems: +- Problem recognition, and where the right data structures and algorithms fit in +- Gathering requirements for the problem +- Talking your way through the problem like you will in the interview +- Coding on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer +- Coming up with time and space complexity for your solutions +- Testing your solutions + +There is a great intro for methodical, communicative problem solving in an interview. You'll get this from the programming +interview books, too, but I found this outstanding: +[Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) + +No whiteboard at home? That makes sense. I'm a weirdo and have a big whiteboard. Instead of a whiteboard, pick up a +large drawing pad from an art store. You can sit on the couch and practice. This is my "sofa whiteboard". +I added the pen in the photo for scale. If you use a pen, you'll wish you could erase. Gets messy quick. I use a pencil +and eraser. + +![my sofa whiteboard](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) + +Supplemental: + +- [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) +- [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) +- [MIT Interview Materials](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) +- [Exercises for getting better at a given language](http://exercism.io/languages) + +**Read and Do Programming Problems (in this order):** + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X) + - answers in C, C++ and Java +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - answers in Java + +See [Book List above](#book-list) + + +## Coding exercises/challenges + +Once you've learned your brains out, put those brains to work. +Take coding challenges every day, as many as you can. + +- [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) + +Coding Interview Question Videos: +- [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - Super for walkthroughs of problem solutions +- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 Videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - Good explanations of solution and the code + - You can watch several in a short time +- [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) + +Challenge sites: +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) + - My favorite coding problem site. It's worth the subscription money for the 1-2 months you'll likely be preparing + - [LeetCode solutions from FisherCoder](https://github.com/fishercoder1534/Leetcode) + - See Nick White Videos above for short code-throughs +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/) +- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) +- [Code Exercises](https://code-exercises.com) + +Language-learning sites, with challenges: +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) +- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) +- [Codeforces](https://codeforces.com/) + +Challenge repos: +- [Interactive Coding Interview Challenges in Python](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) + +Mock Interviews: +- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - I used this and it helped me relax for the phone screen and on-site interview +- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - peer-to-peer model of practice interviews +- [Refdash: Mock interviews and expedited interviews](https://refdash.com/) - also help candidates fast track by skipping multiple interviews with tech companies +- [interviewing.io: Practice mock interview with senior engineers](https://interviewing.io) - anonymous algorithmic/systems design interviews with senior engineers from FAANG anonymously. + + +## Once you're closer to the interview + +- Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (videos): + - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) + - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) + +## Best way to find perfect career opportunities for you +- If you are trying to find new job opportunities, or if you are trying to find internships, if want to know about the salary of a job role in any companies or want to just know about the company reputation before applying to that company, here are the list of platforms which can help you find the above answers and more. +- [Best Websites for Careers & Jobs](https://ayedot.com/151/MiniBlog/Top-10-Best-Websites-for-Careers--Jobs) + +## Your Resume + +- See Resume prep items in Cracking The Coding Interview and back of Programming Interviews Exposed +- Very Important thing to remember while creating your resume, if you applying for big companies is that make it ATS Compliant. +- [How to Create or Check if your Resume is ATS Compliant](https://ayedot.com/97/MiniBlog/Meaning-of-ATS-compliant-resume-and-How-to-create-ATS-Resume-for-Free) + +## Be thinking of for when the interview comes + +Think of about 20 interview questions you'll get, along with the lines of the items below. Have 2-3 answers for each. +Have a story, not just data, about something you accomplished. + +- Why do you want this job? +- What's a tough problem you've solved? +- Biggest challenges faced? +- Best/worst designs seen? +- Ideas for improving an existing product +- How do you work best, as an individual and as part of a team? +- Which of your skills or experiences would be assets in the role and why? +- What did you most enjoy at [job x / project y]? +- What was the biggest challenge you faced at [job x / project y]? +- What was the hardest bug you faced at [job x / project y]? +- What did you learn at [job x / project y]? +- What would you have done better at [job x / project y]? + + +- If you find hard to come up with good answers of this type interview questions, you can refer below link for some answer templates and have some idea. +- [General Interview Questions and their Answers](https://ayedot.com/119/MiniBlog/General-Interview-Questions-and-their-Answers-for-Tech-Jobs) + + +## Have questions for the interviewer + + Some of mine (I already may know answer to but want their opinion or team perspective): + +- How large is your team? +- What does your dev cycle look like? Do you do waterfall/sprints/agile? +- Are rushes to deadlines common? Or is there flexibility? +- How are decisions made in your team? +- How many meetings do you have per week? +- Do you feel your work environment helps you concentrate? +- What are you working on? +- What do you like about it? +- What is the work life like? +- How is work/life balance? + + +## Once You've Got The Job + +Congratulations! + +Keep learning. + +You're never really done. + +--- + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + + Everything below this point is optional. + By studying these, you'll get greater exposure to more CS concepts, and will be better prepared for + any software engineering job. You'll be a much more well-rounded software engineer. + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + +--- + +## Additional Books + + These are here so you can dive into a topic you find interesting. + +- [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) + - An oldie but a goodie +- [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - A modern option +- [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) +- [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - A gentle introduction to design patterns +- [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - AKA the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF + - The canonical design patterns book +- [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 5th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0134277554/) +- [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - As a review and problem recognition + - The algorithm catalog portion is well beyond the scope of difficulty you'll get in an interview + - This book has 2 parts: + - Class textbook on data structures and algorithms + - Pros: + - Is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be + - Nice stories from his experiences solving problems in industry and academia + - Code examples in C + - Cons: + - Can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects + - Chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have + - Don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material + - Algorithm catalog: + - This is the real reason you buy this book + - About to get to this part. Will update here once I've made my way through it + - Can rent it on Kindle + - Answers: + - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +- [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - The book was published in 2004, and is somewhat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief + - The author invented [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly), so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like + - These chapters are worth the read to give you a nice foundation: + - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation + - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations + - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation + - Chapter 5 - Character Representation + - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access + - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects + - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture + - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture + - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization +- [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) + - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently + - AKA CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game + +- [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + - For a richer, more up-to-date (2017), but longer treatment + +- [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + - The first couple of chapters present clever solutions to programming problems (some very old using data tape) but + that is just an intro. This a guidebook on program design and architecture + +## Additional Learning + + I added them to help you become a well-rounded software engineer, and to be aware of certain + technologies and algorithms, so you'll have a bigger toolbox. + +- ### Compilers + - [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) + +- ### Emacs and vi(m) + - Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor + - vi(m): + - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) + - set of 4 videos: + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) + - [Using Vi Instead of Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) + - emacs: + - [Basics Emacs Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) + - set of 3 (videos): + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) + - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) + - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) + - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) + +- ### Unix command line tools + - I filled in the list below from good tools. + - bash + - cat + - grep + - sed + - awk + - curl or wget + - sort + - tr + - uniq + - [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + +- ### Information theory (videos) + - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - More about Markov processes: + - [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below + +- ### Parity & Hamming Code (videos) + - [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - Hamming Code: + - [Error detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) + - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) + - [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + +- ### Entropy + - Also see videos below + - Make sure to watch information theory videos first + - [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + +- ### Cryptography + - Also see videos below + - Make sure to watch information theory videos first + - [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- ### Compression + - Make sure to watch information theory videos first + - Computerphile (videos): + - [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) + +- ### Computer Security + - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- ### Garbage collection + - [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) + +- ### Parallel Programming + - [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + +- ### Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems + - [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) + - [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [Tutorials](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) + - [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) + - [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [Tutorial](http://try.redis.io/) + - [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [Get Started](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) + - [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) + - [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) + - [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + +- ### A* + - [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) + +- ### Fast Fourier Transform + - [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + +- ### Bloom Filter + - Given a Bloom filter with m bits and k hashing functions, both insertion and membership testing are O(k) + - [Bloom Filters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) + - [How To Write A Bloom Filter App](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) + +- ### HyperLogLog + - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) + +- ### Locality-Sensitive Hashing + - Used to determine the similarity of documents + - The opposite of MD5 or SHA which are used to determine if 2 documents/strings are exactly the same + - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) + +- ### van Emde Boas Trees + - [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + +- ### Augmented Data Structures + - [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) + +- ### Balanced search trees + - Know at least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented): + - "Among balanced search trees, AVL and 2/3 trees are now passé, and red-black trees seem to be more popular. + A particularly interesting self-organizing data structure is the splay tree, which uses rotations + to move any accessed key to the root." - Skiena + - Of these, I chose to implement a splay tree. From what I've read, you won't implement a + balanced search tree in your interview. But I wanted exposure to coding one up + and let's face it, splay trees are the bee's knees. I did read a lot of red-black tree code + - Splay tree: insert, search, delete functions + If you end up implementing red/black tree try just these: + - Search and insertion functions, skipping delete + - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets + - [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + + - **AVL trees** + - In practice: + From what I can tell, these aren't used much in practice, but I could see where they would be: + The AVL tree is another structure supporting O(log n) search, insertion, and removal. It is more rigidly + balanced than red–black trees, leading to slower insertion and removal but faster retrieval. This makes it + attractive for data structures that may be built once and loaded without reconstruction, such as language + dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter) + - [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + + - **Splay trees** + - In practice: + Splay trees are typically used in the implementation of caches, memory allocators, routers, garbage collectors, + data compression, ropes (replacement of string used for long text strings), in Windows NT (in the virtual memory, + networking and file system code) etc + - [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) + - MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: + - Gets very mathy, but watch the last 10 minutes for sure. + - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) + + - **Red/black trees** + - These are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below). + - In practice: + Red–black trees offer worst-case guarantees for insertion time, deletion time, and search time. + Not only does this make them valuable in time-sensitive applications such as real-time applications, + but it makes them valuable building blocks in other data structures which provide worst-case guarantees; + for example, many data structures used in computational geometry can be based on red–black trees, and + the Completely Fair Scheduler used in current Linux kernels uses red–black trees. In the version 8 of Java, + the Collection HashMap has been modified such that instead of using a LinkedList to store identical elements with poor + hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + + - **2-3 search trees** + - In practice: + 2-3 trees have faster inserts at the expense of slower searches (since height is more compared to AVL trees). + - You would use 2-3 tree very rarely because its implementation involves different types of nodes. Instead, people use Red Black trees. + - [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + + - **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** + - In practice: + For every 2-4 tree, there are corresponding red–black trees with data elements in the same order. The insertion and deletion + operations on 2-4 trees are also equivalent to color-flipping and rotations in red–black trees. This makes 2-4 trees an + important tool for understanding the logic behind red–black trees, and this is why many introductory algorithm texts introduce + 2-4 trees just before red–black trees, even though **2-4 trees are not often used in practice**. + - [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) + - [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + + - **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** + - note: the N or K is the branching factor (max branches) + - binary trees are a 2-ary tree, with branching factor = 2 + - 2-3 trees are 3-ary + - [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + + - **B-Trees** + - Fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor). + - In Practice: + B-Trees are widely used in databases. Most modern filesystems use B-trees (or Variants). In addition to + its use in databases, the B-tree is also used in filesystems to allow quick random access to an arbitrary + block in a particular file. The basic problem is turning the file block i address into a disk block + (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address + - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [B-Tree Datastructure](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) + - [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures + - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + + +- ### k-D Trees + - Great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object + - A good fit for k-nearest neighbors + - [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + +- ### Skip lists + - "These are somewhat of a cult data structure" - Skiena + - [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + +- ### Network Flows + - [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) + - [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + +- ### Disjoint Sets & Union Find + - [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) + - [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) + +- ### Math for Fast Processing + - [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + +- ### Treap + - Combination of a binary search tree and a heap + - [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + +- ### Linear Programming (videos) + - [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) + +- ### Geometry, Convex hull (videos) + - [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + +- ### Discrete math + - [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) + - [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) + - [Discrete Mathematics By IIT Ropar NPTEL](https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/106/106106183/) + +- ### Machine Learning + - Why ML? + - [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + - [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + - [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + - [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + - [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + - [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) + - [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + - Courses: + - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) + - [videos only](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) + - see videos 12-18 for a review of linear algebra (14 and 15 are duplicates) + - [Neural Networks for Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) + - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) + - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) + - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) + - [Metis Online Course ($99 for 2 months)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) + - Resources: + - Books: + - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) + - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) + - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) + - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) + - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ + +--- + +## Additional Detail on Some Subjects + + I added these to reinforce some ideas already presented above, but didn't want to include them + above because it's just too much. It's easy to overdo it on a subject. + You want to get hired in this century, right? + +- **SOLID** + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ Principle](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use + - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. + - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) + + +- **Union-Find** + - [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) + +- **More Dynamic Programming** (videos) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + - [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + - [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) + +- **Advanced Graph Processing** (videos) + - [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) + +- MIT **Probability** (mathy, and go slowly, which is good for mathy things) (videos): + - [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) + +- [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) + +- **String Matching** + - Rabin-Karp (videos): + - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) + - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) + - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) + - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) + - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) + - Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): + - [TThe Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) + - Boyer–Moore string search algorithm + - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) + - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) + - [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - starts off great, but by the time it gets past KMP it gets more complicated than it needs to be + - nice explanation of tries + - can be skipped + +- **Sorting** + + - Stanford lectures on sorting: + - [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: + - [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + +## Video Series + +Sit back and enjoy. + +- [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + +- [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) + +- [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) + +- [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) + +- CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) + - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) + +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) + +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + +- [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) + +- [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + +- ~~[UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~ + +- [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDSlqjcPpoL64CJdF0Qee5oWqGS6we_Yu) + +- [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) + +- [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) + +- [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) + +- [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) + +- [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + +- [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) + +- [MIT 6.824: Distributed Systems, Spring 2020 (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQP8WApzIQQ&list=PLrw6a1wE39_tb2fErI4-WkMbsvGQk9_UB) + +- [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) + +- [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) + +- [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) + +- [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) + +- [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) + - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) + +- [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) + +- [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) + +## Computer Science Courses + +- [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) +- [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) + +## Algorithms implementation + +- [Multiple Algorithms implementation by Princeton University](https://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/code) + + +## Papers + +- [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) +- [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) +- [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - replaced by Colossus in 2012 +- [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow? +- [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) +- [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) +- [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) + - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution +- [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) +- 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: + - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) +- 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: + - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) +- [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) +- [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +- [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +- [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) +- [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +- More papers: [1,000 papers](https://github.com/0voice/computer_expert_paper) + +## LICENSE + +[CC-BY-SA-4.0](./LICENSE.txt) diff --git a/translations/README-tw.md b/translations/README-tw.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f76fbf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/translations/README-tw.md @@ -0,0 +1,1944 @@ +# Coding Interview University + +> 原先我為了成為一個軟體工程師而建立這份簡單的讀書主題清單(To-do list)， +> 但這份To-do list隨著時間而膨脹成這個樣子。 [做完這份To-do list上的每個目標後，我成為了Amazon的工程師](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! +> 你或許不需要像我讀一樣多。但是，每個讓你成為一位稱職工程師所需要的知識都在這裡了。 +> +> 我每天讀8~12小時的書，這樣持續了好幾個月。這是我的故事:[為什麼我為了Google面試而讀了8個月](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) +> +> 在這份To-do list內的主題會讓你擁有足夠的知識去面對幾乎每家軟體公司的專業面試， +> 這些公司包含了科技巨獸，例如Amazon、Facebook、Google，或者是Microsoft。 +> +> *祝你好運!* + +
+翻譯: + +- [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) +- [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md) +- [Español](translations/README-es.md) +- [Português Brasileiro](translations/README-ptbr.md) +- [繁體中文](translations/README-tw.md) + +
+ +
+正在翻譯的項目: + +- [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +- [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) +- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) +- [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) +- [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) +- [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) +- [Russian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) +- [Ukrainian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) +- [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) +- [Polish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/122) +- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) +- [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +- [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) +- [Italian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) +- [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) +- [Japanese (日本語)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/257) + +
+ +
+
+

+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

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+ Special thanks to: +

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+ Natively integrated with GitLab, GitHub, and Bitbucket, Gitpod automatically and continuously prebuilds dev environments for all your branches. As a result team members can instantly start coding with fresh dev environments for each new task - no matter if you are building a new feature, want to fix a bug, or work on a code review. +
+ +

+
+
+ +## What is it? + +這是我為了從一個網頁開發者(自學，並且沒有任何與資工、電腦科學有關的學位)，成為一個大公司軟體工程師，持續好幾個月的讀書計畫。 + +![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) + +這是為了那些**新手軟體工程師**，或者是那些想要轉換跑道，從軟體/網頁開發者轉為軟體工程師(需要資工、電腦科學的知識)的人。 + +請注意就算你有多年的軟體/網頁開發經驗，那些著名的大型軟體公司，像是Google、Amazon、Facebook，或是Microsoft事實上把軟體/網頁開發(Software/Web Development)與軟體工程(Software Engineering)視為不同，而後者需要的是電腦科學/資訊工程的知識。 + +如果你想成為一個可靠的工程師或者是Operation Engineer，閱讀並且學習更多這份清單中的The Optional List(裡面包含網路與資訊安全的知識)。 + +--- + +## 目錄 + +- [What is it?](#what-is-it) +- [Why use it?](#why-use-it) +- [How to use it](#how-to-use-it) +- [不要覺得自己不夠聰明](#dont-feel-you-arent-smart-enough(不要覺得自己不夠聰明)) +- [關於影片資源](#about-video-resources(關於影片資源)) +- [面試過程&面試準備](#interview-process--general-interview-prep(面試過程&面試準備)) +- [面試時專精一種程式語言](#面試時專精一種程式語言(Pick-One-Language-for-the-Interview)) +- [書單](#書單(book-list)) +- [在你開始之前](#在你開始之前) +- [這份清單沒有包含的內容](#這份清單沒有包含的內容) +- [先備知識](#先備知識) +- [每日計畫](#每日計畫) +- [演算法複雜度 / Big-O / 漸進分析](#演算法複雜度(Algorithmic-complexity)--Big-O--漸進分析(Asymptotic-analysis)) +- [資料結構](#資料結構) + - [陣列](#陣列) + - [Linked Lists](#linked-lists) + - [Stack](#Stack(堆疊)) + - [Queue](#Queue(佇列)) + - [Hash table](#Hash-table(雜湊表)) +- [更多](#更多) + - [二分搜尋法](#二分搜尋法(Binary-Search)) + - [位元運算](#位元運算(Bitwise-operations)) +- [樹狀結構(Tree)](#樹狀結構(Tree)) + - [Trees-重點與背景知識](#Trees-重點與背景知識) + - [二元搜尋樹](#二元搜尋樹Binary-search-trees:-BSTs) + - [Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) + - 平衡搜尋樹(基本概念，非細節) + - 遍歷:前序、中序、後序、BFS、DFS +- [排序](#排序) + - 選擇排序 + - 插入排序 + - 堆積排序 + - 快速排序 + - 合併排序 +- [圖](#圖) + - 有向圖 + - 無向圖 + - adjacency matrix + - adjacency list + - 遍歷: 廣度優先(BFS), 深度優先(DFS) +- [更多知識](#更多知識) + - [遞迴](#遞迴Recursion) + - [動態規劃](#動態規劃) + - [物件導向程式設計](#物件導向程式設計) + - [設計模式](#設計模式) + - [組合數&機率](#組合數&機率) + - [NP、NP-Complete以及近似演算法](#NP、NP-Complete以及近似演算法) + - [快取(cache)](#快取(cache)) + - [程序與執行緒](#程序與執行緒(Processes&Threads)) + - [Testing](#testing) + - [排程](#排程Scheduling) + - [字串搜尋演算法以及操作](#字串搜尋演算法以及操作) + - [字典樹](#字典樹(Tries)) + - [浮點數](#浮點數) + - [Unicode](#unicode) + - [端序](#端序(Endianness)) + - [網路](#網路) +- [系統設計、可擴充性、資料處理](#系統設計、可擴充性、資料處理) (如果你有四年以上的經驗) +- [總複習](#總複習) +- [解題練習](#解題練習) +- [解題練習/挑戰](#解題練習/挑戰) +- [面試前夕](#面試前夕) +- [你的履歷](#你的履歷) +- [想想面試時可能的狀況](#想想面試時可能的狀況) +- [一旦你得到工作](#一旦你得到工作) + +---------------- 以下皆為選讀 ---------------- + +## 額外資源 + +- [選修書籍](#選修書籍) +- [額外學習](#額外學習) + - [編譯器](#編譯器) + - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) + - [Unix命令列工具](#Unix命令列(command-line)工具) + - [資訊理論](#資訊理論-(影片)) + - [同位位元 & 漢明碼](#同位位元-&-漢明碼-(影片)) + - [Entropy](#entropy) + - [密碼學](#密碼學) + - [壓縮](#壓縮) + - [電腦安全](#電腦安全) + - [垃圾回收](#垃圾回收(GC)) + - [平行計算](#平行計算) + - [通訊、序列化以及佇列系統](#通訊、序列化以及佇列系統(Messaging,-Serialization,-and-Queueing-Systems)) + - [A*搜尋演算法](#A*搜尋演算法) + - [快速傅立葉轉換](#快速傅立葉轉換) + - [布隆過濾器](#布隆過濾器(Bloom-filter)) + - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) + - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) + - [van Emde Boas Trees](#van-emde-boas-trees) + - [Augmented Data Structures](#augmented-data-structures) + - [平衡樹](#平衡樹) + - AVL樹 + - 伸縮樹Splay tree + - 紅黑樹 + - 2-3搜尋樹 + - 2-3-4樹(aka 2-4樹) + - N-ary (K-ary, M-ary)樹 + - B樹 + - [k-D樹](#k-d樹) + - [Skip lists](#skip-lists) + - [Network Flows](#network-flows) + - [Disjoint Sets & Union Find](#disjoint-sets--union-find) + - [快速處理的數學](#快速處理(Fast-Processing)的數學) + - [Treap](#treap) + - [線性程式設計](#線性程式設計Linear-Programming-(影片)) + - [幾何、Convex hull](#幾何、Convex-hull-(影片)) + - [離散數學](#離散數學) + - [機器學習](#機器學習) +- [某些主題的額外知識](#某些主題的額外知識) +- [影片系列](#影片系列) +- [電腦科學課程](#電腦科學課程) +- [論文](#論文) + +--- + +## Why use it? + +當我開始這項計畫的時候，我不知道Stack與Heap的差別，不知道時間複雜度(Big-O)，不知道樹狀結構(Tree)，也不知道如何遍歷一個圖(Graph)。過去如果我需要寫一個排序演算法(Sorting Algorithm)，那個code一定是個災難。我過去都用程式語言中內建的資料結構(Data Structure)，對於資料結構裡面的實作方法跟原理我完全沒有任何的概念。除非我的程式碰到了"out of memory"的錯誤我才會去找解決方法，否則我從不特別去花費心思管理程式中的記憶體配置。雖然我有用過多維陣列(Multidimensional Arrays)跟關聯陣列(Associative Arrays)，但我從來沒有自己時做過資料結構。 + +這是個遠大的計畫，或許要花上你數個月的時間。如果你對其中大部分的東西已經很熟悉的話，那麼執行這項計畫所花費的時間將減少許多。 + +## How to use it + +下面每項是大綱，你需要從上到下的去理解這些大綱。 + +我用了Github-flavored markdown語法，其中包含了可以確定完成進度的任務清單。 + + +**建立一個新的Branch以使用Github-flavored markdown的勾選功能。只要在[]中打x，像是: [x]** + + + Fork一個branch，並且跟隨以下的指令 + +`git clone git@github.com:/coding-interview-university.git` + +`git checkout -b progress` + +`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` + +`git fetch --all` + + 在你完成了一些目標後，在框框中打x + +`git add .` + +`git commit -m "Marked x"` + +`git rebase jwasham/main` + +`git push --set-upstream origin progress` + +`git push --force` + +[更多有關Github-flavored markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) + +## Don't feel you aren't smart enough(不要覺得自己不夠聰明) + +- 大多數成功的軟體工程師都非常聰明，但他們都有一種覺得自己不夠聰明的不安全感。 +- [The myth of the Genius Programmer(天才Programmer的迷思)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +- [It's Dangerous to Go Alone: Battling the Invisible Monsters in Tech(不要單打獨鬥:面對科技中的隱形怪物)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) + +## About Video Resources(關於影片資源) + +有些影片要註冊Coursera或者Edx的課程後才能觀看，也就是所謂的MOOCs。有時候某些課程需要等待好幾個月才能註冊，這期間你無法觀看這些課程的影片。 + + 我非常喜歡那些大學的線上課程。感謝你們幫忙加入一些免費、可隨時觀看的公開資源，像是那些線上課程的YouTube影片。 + +## Interview Process & General Interview Prep(面試過程&面試準備) + +- [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) +- [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) +- [ ] [Effective Whiteboarding during Programming Interviews](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) +- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] 如何錄取Big Tech(Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple): + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) +- [ ] Coding面試解密: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] Facebook Coding面試解密: + - [ ] [The Approach](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) + - [ ] [Problem Walkthrough](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) +- [ ] 準備課程: + - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): + - 從前Google面試官身上學習如何充實自己，讓自己能夠應付軟體工程師的面試。 + - [ ] [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - Python面試準備課程，其中包含了資料結構、演算法、模擬面試等等。 + - [ ] [Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms using Python (Udacity free course)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): + - Python免費資料結構及演算法課程。 + - [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms Nanodegree! (Udacity paid Nanodegree)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): + - 超過100種實際的資料結構及演算法練習。名師指導讓你準備好面試以及工作的實際情況。 + +## 面試時專精一種程式語言(Pick One Language for the Interview) + +在面試的coding階段，你可以選擇任何一個你擅長的程式語言。但多數大公司僅有以下選擇: + +- C++ +- Java +- Python + +你也可以選擇以下的程式語言，但可能會有某些限制: + +- JavaScript +- Ruby + +我之前寫過一篇關於在面試時選擇程式語言的文章:[Pick One Language for the Coding Interview](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/) + +你需要非常熟練這個程式語言，並且對他非常了解。 + +閱讀更多有關程式語言的選擇: +- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ +- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ + +[程式語言相關資源](programming-language-resources.md) + +因為我正在學習C、C++以及Python，所以下面會出現一些有關於這些程式語言的資源。 + +## 書單(Book List) + +為了節省你的時間，以下是已經縮減過的書單。 + +### 面試準備(Interview Prep) + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) + - 附有解答 in C++ and Java + - 內含很棒的coding面試解密 + - 不會很困難，大多問題都比面試中的還簡單(從我讀過的) +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - 附有解答 in Java + +### 如果你有額外的時間(If you have tons of extra time): + +選擇以下其中一個: + +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [ ] 程式面試精華 (Java版) + - [book](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) + +### 程式語言精進 + +***面試時你需要選擇一種程式語言(詳如上述)*** + +以下是一些我對程式語言的建議。這邊沒有所有種類程式語言的資源，所以歡迎補充。 + +如果你讀過以下其中一本，你應該已經具備了所有解決coding問題所需要的資料結構與演算法的知識。除非你想要複習，否則**你可以跳過這個計畫中所有的教學影片**。 + +[額外程式語言精進資源](programming-language-resources.md) + +### C++ + +我沒讀過這兩本書，但他們頗受好評。作者是Sedgewick，他超讚的! + +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) + +如果你有更好的C++書籍，請告訴我。我正在蒐集全面性的資源。 + +## Java + +- [ ] [Algorithms (Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - 在Coursera平台上有影片、書籍內容、(以及Sedgewick!) + - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +或者: + +- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) + - 作者:Goodrich、Tamassia、Goldwasser + - 被作為UC Berkeley資工系入門課程的補充教材 + - 看看下面我對這本書的Python版的書評。兩本書都包含了相同的主題。 + +### Python + +- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - 作者:Goodrich、Tamassia、Goldwasser + - 我超愛這本書。他包含了所有東西。 + - 很Python的Code! + - 我的書評: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ + + +## 在你開始之前 + +這份清單隨著時間越來越大。當然，這也同時代表我越來越難以掌握他的整體內容。 + +以下是一些清單內的錯誤，希望能讓你避免這些錯誤，並且有更好的學習體驗。 + +### 1. 你沒辦法記住所有事情 + +我看了數小時的影片，同時也寫下了大量的筆記。但過了幾個月後，大部分的東西都消失的無影無蹤。我花了三天重新看過我的筆記，並做了小字卡幫助我複習他們。 + +請閱讀以下的文章以免重蹈覆轍: + +[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/). + +有人推薦給我的課程(但我還沒看過:( ): [Learning how to Learn](https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn) + +### 2. 使用小字卡 + +為了解決剛剛提到的遺忘問題，我自己寫了一個小字卡網站。網站上可以新增兩種小字卡，一般的以及程式碼。 +每一種類的小字卡都有不同的格式。 + +這個小字卡網站在製作時便是以行動裝置優先的方式設計的，好處是無論我在何處，我都可以在我的手機與平板上複習。 + +製作屬於自己的免費小字卡: + +- [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) +- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [My flash cards database (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): + +我的小字卡資料庫中包含了組合語言、Python的小知識、機器學習以及統計。這些內容已經超出了原本他的預設。 + +**關於小字卡**:當你第一次知道答案後，別馬上把那張小字卡標記為已知。反覆複習這張小字卡，直到每次都能答對後才是真正學會了這個問題。反覆的動作會讓這個知識深深地烙印在你的腦海內。 + +這裡有個替代我小字卡的網站[Anki](http://ankisrs.net/)，很多人向我推薦過他。這個網站用同一個字卡重複出現的方式讓你牢牢地記住他。 +這個網站非常容易使用，支援多平台，並且有雲端同步功能。在iOS平台上收費25美金，其他平台免費。 + +這是我用Anki這個網站裡的格式所儲存的小字卡資料庫: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (感謝 [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) + +### 3. 學習資料結構與演算法的同時，也要做一些Coding面試中常出現的問題 + +把你學過的東西應用在解題上面，否則你很快就會忘了他們。這是一個過來人的經驗談。一旦你自認學會了一個主題，像是Linked List之類的，打開任何一本Coding面試問題書籍，做一些裡面有關Linked List的問題。接著繼續讀後面的主題。然後，再回頭反覆做有關Linked List、遞迴或者其他任何東西(原文為Recursion，非Recursive)的題目。但切記一定在讀這些資料結構、演算法的同時，也要實際去寫一些有關這些東西的題目。公司錄取你是為了能有即戰力能夠上戰場，而非一個紙上談兵的人。這邊我覺得還不錯的書籍和網站。更多: [Coding Question Practice](#coding-question-practice) + +### 4. 複習，複習，再複習 + +我自己寫了一些有關於ASCII Code、網路OSI模型、Big-O(時間複雜度)等等的小抄。我有空的時候就會把他們拿出來看一看複習一下。 + +打Code累了的話就休息半個小時，並且複習你的小字卡。 + +### 5. 專注 + +能夠干擾你，浪費你寶貴時間的東西很多。因此，專注集中精神實在很難。放點純音樂能幫上一些忙。 + +## 這份清單沒有包含的內容 + +以下為普遍但沒有包含在這份清單內的技術: + +- SQL +- Javascript +- HTML、CSS，以及其他前後端的技術 + +## 每日計畫 + +每個主題所花費的時間都不盡相同，有些只要一天，有些需要花上數天。有些主題只有單純的知識而無包含實作。 + +每天我選擇下面其中一個主題，看跟該主題相關的影片，再用下面的程式語言實作: +- C - 用使用了struct *或者其他東西當作參數的struct以及函數 +- C++ - 不要使用內建的東西 +- C++ - 用C++內建的東西，像是STL的Linked List，std::list。 +- Python - 使用內建的東西(為了練習Python) +- 寫一些測試來驗證自己寫的東西是正確的，像是用assert()等簡單的方法。 +- 你也可以用Java來練習，上面只是我自己的方法。 + +你不需要學會所有的程式語言，你只需要專精在某個程式語言 [one language for the interview](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview). + +為什麼要這樣寫Code? +- 練習，練習，再練習，直到我對他產生厭惡感，並且能輕鬆無誤地寫出那些Code。(有些東西需要特別記住，像是在邊界的時候會出現問題(edge cases)，或者一些小細節) +- 全部自己來(像是手動分配/釋放記憶體，不要依賴語言中的garbage collection的功能(除了Python或者Java)) +- 利用語言中內建的東西及工具，之後在實際工作的時候才能得心應手(畢竟我不想在工作時手刻一個Linked List)。 + +我沒有時間做每個主題中的每個東西，但我會盡力而為。 + +下面是我自己寫的程式碼: + - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + + 你不需要記住每個演算法裡面的內容。 + + 試試看把程式碼寫在白板或者紙上而不是電腦上。接著用一些測資來測試他。最後才用電腦來驗證。 + + ## 先備知識 + +- [ ] **學習C** + - C語言無所不在。在你學習的過程中，幾乎任何一本書、課程，或者影片中你都能看到他的身影。 + - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - 這本書還滿輕薄的，但他能讓你有初步對於C語言的認識。看著這本書並且練習，你能更快地掌握C語言。理解C語言能讓你更了解程式的運作以及內部記憶體配置。 + - [answers to questions](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) +- [ ] **一個程式在電腦中是如何運作的:** + - [ ] [How CPU executes a program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + - [ ] [How computers calculate - ALU (video)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + - [ ] [Registers and RAM (video)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [ ] [The Central Processing Unit (CPU) (video)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [ ] [Instructions and Programs (video)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) + +## 演算法複雜度(Algorithmic complexity) / Big-O / 漸進分析(Asymptotic analysis) + +- 沒有任何東西能實作 +- 這個主題有許多影片，看到你真正了解他為止。你可以隨時回來複習他。 +- 如果這些課程太過數學的話，你可以去看看最下面離散數學的影片，他能讓你更了解這些數學背後的來源以及原理。 +- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] Skiena: + - [影片](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [投影片](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) +- [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) +- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/orders-of-growth-6PKkX) +- [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/asymptotics-bXAtM) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_ca3e7UVmeUc) +- [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/illustrating-big-o-YVqzv) +- [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) +- [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) + +## 資料結構 +- ### 陣列 + - 實作一個可以自動調整大小的陣列(動態陣列vector) + - [ ] (動態)陣列背後原理: + - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) + - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (Start watching from 15m 32s) + - [Basic Arrays (video)]() + - [Multi-dim (video)]() + - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) + - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [ ] 實作動態陣列(可變、可動態調整大小的陣列) + - [ ] 練習在程式中用陣列以及指標，透過計算指標而存取該內容，而不是直接用索引。 + - [ ] 直接動態生成一個新的陣列 + - 可以生成一個int型別的陣列，但不要使用語言提供的功能 + - 從16，或者更大的數開始寫，像是2的次方 - 16、32、64、128。 + - [ ] size() - 陣列中元素個數 + - [ ] capacity() - 陣列能存的最大元素個數 + - [ ] is_empty() + - [ ] at(index) - 傳回該索引值的元素，附有邊界檢查(boundary check) + - [ ] push(item) + - [ ] insert(index, item) - 把元素插入該索引值，把原本在該索引值的元素往右邊移動。 + - [ ] prepend(item) - 可以把元素插入索引值為0的地方。 + - [ ] pop() - 移除陣列中最後一個元素，並回傳該元素的值。 + - [ ] delete(index) - 刪除在該索引值的元素，並且把右邊剩下元素全部往左移。 + - [ ] remove(item) - 從陣列中尋找該數值，並且移除他(就算陣列中數個地方都有這個數值)。 + - [ ] find(item) - 從陣列中尋找該數值，並且傳回最前面找到該數值的索引值，如果沒有則傳回-1。 + - [ ] resize(nex_capacity) // private function + - 當陣列已經用盡了所有容量後，把陣列的容量*2。 + - 如果移除掉一個元素後，陣列實際大小是最大容量的1/4，則把陣列容量減半。 + - [ ] 時間複雜度 + - O(1) 在陣列末端插入/刪除元素 + - O(n) 在任何地方插入/刪除元素 + - [ ] 空間複雜度 + - 在記憶體中的存放位置是連續的，這種儲存方式有助於存取的性能。 + - 所需空間 = (陣列容量，>=n) * 元素所需大小，但就算結果為2n，實際上仍算成O(n) + +- ### Linked Lists + - [ ] Linked Lists背後原理: + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) + - 沒有完整的code，裡面只包含了用struct實作節點的方式以及其記憶體配置。 + - [ ] Linked List vs 陣列: + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) + - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) + - [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [ ] 小心!: 你需要一些關於指標的指標(Pointer to pointer)的知識: + (當你回傳一個指標到函式，這個動作可能會改變指標所指向的地址) + 這個頁面僅提供基本對於指標的指標的認識。我不推薦這個遍歷linked list的方式，因為他用的方式太過神奇，所以可讀性以及維護性並不好。 + - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) + - [ ] 實作Linked list (我做了有末端指標(tail pointer)的版本以及無末端指標的版本): + - [ ] size() - 回傳linked list裡面的元素個數 + - [ ] empty() - 回傳型態:bool，如果linked list為空，回傳true + - [ ] value_at(index) - 回傳索引值為index的元素的數值，第一個元素索引值為0，以此類推 + - [ ] push_front(value) - 從linked list的起始點加入新的元素 + - [ ] pop_front() - 移除第一個元素，並且回傳該元素的數值 + - [ ] push_back(value) - 在linked list末端加入新元素 + - [ ] pop_back() - 移除最後一個元素，並且回傳該元素的數值 + - [ ] front() - 回傳第一個元素的數值 + - [ ] back() - 回傳最後一個元素的數值 + - [ ] insert(index, value) - 把新元素插入到該索引值，而新元素指向原本在該索引值的元素。 + - [ ] erase(index) - 刪除該索引值的元素(節點) + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - 回傳從末端開始計算的第n個元素的數值 + - [ ] reverse() - 反轉該linked list + - [ ] remove_value(value) - 刪除第一個為該數值的元素(意即7 2 2 1，要刪除2的話，只刪除index:1的那個2) + - [ ] 雙向linked List + - [背後原理(影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) + - 不需實作 + +- ### Stack(堆疊) + - [ ] [Stacks(影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [使用Stacks先進後出(Last-In First-Out)(影片)]() + - [ ] 無須實作，可以用陣列實作，但這樣太過簡單了。 + +- ### Queue(佇列) + - [ ] [使用Queues(先進先出)First-In First-Out(影片)]() + - [ ] [Queue(影片)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) + - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [Priority Queues(影片)]() + - [ ] 使用linked list實作，包含末端指標(tail pointer): + - enqueue(value) - 在queue末端加入元素 + - dequeue() - 刪除當時queue中最早進入的元素(意即queue中第一個元素)，並且回傳該元素的值。 + - empty() + - full() + - [ ] 複雜度: + - + - enqueue: O(1) (平均情況，無論對於用linked list或陣列實作的方法) + - dequeue: O(1) (linked list與陣列) + - empty: O(1) (linked list與陣列) + +- ### Hash table(雜湊表) + - [ ] 影片: + - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (影片))](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + - [ ] 線上開放式課程: + - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (影片)]() + - [ ] [Using Hash Tables (影片)]() + - [ ] [Supporting Hashing (影片)]() + - [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (影片)]() + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) + - [ ] [Data Structures (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) + - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) + - [ ] 分散式雜湊表(distributed hash table): + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) + - [Distributed Hash Tables (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) + + - [ ] 實作雜湊表(用陣列以及線性探測(linear probing)) + - hash(k, m) - m:雜湊表的大小 + - add(key, value) - 如果key已經存在，則更新該key的value + - exists(key) + - get(key) + - remove(key) + +## 更多 + +- ### 二分搜尋法(Binary Search) + - [ ] [二分搜尋法(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) + - [ ] [二分搜尋法(影片)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + - [ ] [細節](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] 實作: + - 二分搜尋法 (對已經排列好的數列) + - 用遞迴(recursion)的方法實作二分搜尋法 + +- ### 位元運算(Bitwise operations) + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - 你應該能背出一些2的指數(從2^1到2^16以及2^32) + - [ ] 實際了解如何用下列的位元運算子來操作每個位元: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << + - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) + - [ ] Good intro: + [Bit Manipulation (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) + - [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) + - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) + - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) + - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] 一補數與二補數 + - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) + - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) + - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) + - [ ] count set bits + - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (影片)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) + - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) + - [ ] swap values: + - [Swap](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + - [ ] 絕對值: + - [Absolute Integer](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) + +## 樹狀結構(Tree) + +- ### Trees-重點與背景知識 + - [ ] [Series: Trees (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) + - 如何建立一棵樹 + - 遍歷 + - 操作樹的演算法 + - [ ] [BFS(breadth-first search) and DFS(depth-first search) (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) + - BFS(廣度優先搜尋)重點: + - 每一層的順序(BFS，用queue) + - 時間複雜度: O(n) + - 空間複雜度: 最佳: O(1), 最糟: O(n/2)=O(n) + - DFS(深度優先搜尋)重點: + - 時間複雜度: O(n) + - 空間複雜度: + 最佳: O(log n) - 平均. 樹的高度 + 最糟: O(n) + - 中序 (DFS: 左子樹、根、右子樹) + - 後序 (DFS: 左子樹、右子樹、根) + - 前序 (DFS: 根、左子樹、右子樹) + +- ### 二元搜尋樹Binary search trees: BSTs + - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [Series (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) + - starts with symbol table and goes through BST applications + - [ ] [Introduction (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) + - [ ] [MIT (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + - C/C++: + - [ ] [二元搜尋樹-用C/C++實作 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) + - [ ] [實作二元搜尋樹 - stack以及heap的記憶體分配 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) + - [ ] [在二元搜尋樹中尋找最大值與最小值 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [找出二元搜尋樹的高度 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) + - [ ] [遍歷二元搜尋樹 - 廣度和深度優先 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) + - [ ] [二元樹:層層遍歷 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [二元搜尋樹:前序、中序、後序 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [檢查一棵二元樹是否為二元搜尋樹 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [從二元搜尋樹中刪除一個節點 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) + - [ ] [二元搜尋樹-如何在中序中尋找下一個節點 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] 實作: + - [ ] insert // 把數值插入到二元搜尋樹當中 + - [ ] get_node_count // get count of values stored + - [ ] print_values // 把二元搜尋樹中的數值從小到大輸出 + - [ ] delete_tree + - [ ] is_in_tree // 如果給定的數值位於二元搜尋樹當中則回傳true + - [ ] get_height // 回傳該節點內的高度(單一節點的樹高度為1) + - [ ] get_min // 回傳二元搜尋樹當中的最小值 + - [ ] get_max // 回傳二元搜尋樹當中的最大值 + - [ ] is_binary_search_tree + - [ ] delete_value + - [ ] get_successor // 回傳二元搜尋樹當中大小在給定數值後一位的數值，如果沒有則回傳-1 + +- ### Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap + - 一般將此資料結構以樹的方式視覺化，但實際上是以線性的方式儲存(陣列、linked list) + - [ ] [Heap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) + - [ ] [Introduction (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) + - [ ] [Naive Implementations (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [Binary Trees (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) + - [ ] [Tree Height Remark (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) + - [ ] [Basic Operations (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) + - [ ] [Complete Binary Trees (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) + - [ ] [Pseudocode (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) + - [ ] [Heap Sort - jumps to start (影片)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [Heap Sort (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) + - [ ] [Building a heap (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) + - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (影片)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) + - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] 實作max heap: + - [ ] insert + - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert + - [ ] get_max - returns the max item, without removing it + - [ ] get_size() - return number of elements stored + - [ ] is_empty() - returns true if heap contains no elements + - [ ] extract_max - returns the max item, removing it + - [ ] sift_down - needed for extract_max + - [ ] remove(i) - removes item at index x + - [ ] heapify - create a heap from an array of elements, needed for heap_sort + - [ ] heap_sort() - take an unsorted array and turn it into a sorted array in-place using a max heap + - 重點: using a min heap instead would save operations, but double the space needed (cannot do in-place). + +## 排序 + +- [ ] 重點: + - 實作排序，並且了解該排序法在最佳/最糟/平均情況下的複雜度為何: + - 不要用泡沫排序法(bubble sort)，那個太糟了 - O(n^2)，除非n<=16 + - [ ] 排序演算法的穩定性("快速排序法穩定嗎?") + - [排序演算法的穩定性](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) + - [穩定性與排序演算法](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) + - [穩定性與排序演算](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) + - [排序演算法-穩定性](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) + - [ ] 哪個演算法可以用在linked list上?那些可以用在陣列上?或者兩個都可以? + - 我不推薦對一個linked list進行排序,但合併排序是可行的. + - [對linked list進行合併排序](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) + +- 有關於堆積排序，可以看看上面有關於堆積的介紹。堆積排序很棒，但不太穩定。 + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5部影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort) + - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) + - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/xAltF/sorting-complexity) + - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/9FYhS/comparators) + - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4部影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/vjvnC/quicksort) + - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/UQxFT/selection) + - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/XvjPd/duplicate-keys) + - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/QBNZ7/system-sorts) + +- [ ] UC Berkeley: + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (影片)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (影片)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (影片)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (影片)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) + +- [ ] [Bubble Sort (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Analyzing Bubble Sort (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort, Merge Sort (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Merge Sort (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Quicksort (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Selection Sort (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) + +- [ ] 合併排序程式碼: + - [ ] [Using output array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) + - [ ] [Using output array (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) + - [ ] [In-place (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) +- [ ] 快速排序程式碼: + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) + - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) + +- [ ] 實作: + - [ ] 合併排序: 平均與最糟都是O(n log n) + - [ ] 快速排序: 平均O(n log n) + - 選擇排序與插入排序平均與最糟的時間複雜度都是O(n^2)。 + - 有關堆積排序，請見上方關於堆積的介紹。 + +- [ ] 非必要，但我建議看一看: + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6部影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) + - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting) + - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/crkd5/3-way-radix-quicksort) + - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) + - [ ] [Radix Sort (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) + +這裡有[15種排序演算法](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg)的影片，如果你想對排序演算法有更多的了解，看看[Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects)裡的「排序」這個部分 + +## 圖 + +圖在電腦科學中可以用來表示、處理很多問題，所以這個部分就像樹以及排序一樣篇幅很長。 + +- 重點: + - 有4種基本表示圖的方式: + - 物件與指標(objects and pointers) + - adjacency matrix + - adjacency list + - adjacency map + - 請務必了解每種圖的表示法與每種表示法的優點及缺點。 + - 廣度優先搜尋(BFS)與深度優先搜尋(DFS) - 知道他們的時間複雜度，他們的優缺點，以及如何實作他們。 + - 如果出現一個問題，請優先想想看有沒有辦法用圖的方式解決，如果沒辦法再想想其他方法。 + +- [ ] MIT(影片): + - [ ] [Breadth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - [ ] [Depth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) + +- [ ] Skiena Lectures - 很棒的入門介紹: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + +- [ ] 圖(複習以及進階知識): + + - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - Lecture 6 (影片)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (影片)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + - [ ] ~~[CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (影片)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489)~~ + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (影片)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) + - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + +- 完整Coursera課程: + - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) + +- 我將實作: + - [ ] 深度優先搜尋搭配adjacency list(遞迴recursive) + - [ ] 深度優先搜尋搭配adjacency list(疊代+stack) + - [ ] 深度優先搜尋搭配adjacency matrix (遞迴recursive) + - [ ] 深度優先搜尋搭配adjacency matrix(疊代+stack) + - [ ] 廣度優先搜尋搭配adjacency list + - [ ] 廣度優先搜尋搭配adjacency matrix + - [ ] single-source shortest path (Dijkstra) + - [ ] minimum spanning tree + - DFS-based algorithms (看看上面Aduni的影片): + - [ ] check for cycle (needed for topological sort, since we'll check for cycle before starting) + - [ ] topological sort + - [ ] count connected components in a graph + - [ ] list strongly connected components + - [ ] check for bipartite graph + +## 更多知識 + +- ### 遞迴Recursion + - [ ] Stanford課程-遞迴recursion與回溯法backtracking: + - [ ] [Lecture 8 | Programming Abstractions (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) + - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) + - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) + - 什麼時候適合用這些 + - tail recursion沒有比較好? + - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) + +- ### 動態規劃 + - 在你的面試中或許沒有任何動態規劃的問題，但能夠知道一個題目可以使用動態規劃來解決是很重要的。 + - 動態規劃很難，因為動態規劃的題目通常都要有遞迴關係。要想到他的解法有時需要天外飛來一筆的想法。 + - 我建議你可以多看一些動態規劃的題目，這可以讓你對這類型的問題以及他的長相有更多的理解。 + - [ ] 影片: + - Skiena的影片有點難跟上，他有時候用白板，寫的字又很小。 + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (影片)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (影片)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (影片)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (影片)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] List of individual DP problems (每一部都很短): + [Dynamic Programming (v影片ideo)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + - [ ] Yale課程筆記: + - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) + - [ ] Coursera: + - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) + - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) + - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + +- ### 物件導向程式設計 + - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) + - [ ] 重要!物件導向程式設計原則: [SOLID Principles (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) + +- ### 設計模式 +- [ ] [Quick UML review(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) + - [ ] 學學這些設計模式: + - [ ] strategy + - [ ] singleton + - [ ] adapter + - [ ] prototype + - [ ] decorator + - [ ] visitor + - [ ] factory, abstract factory + - [ ] facade + - [ ] observer + - [ ] proxy + - [ ] delegate + - [ ] command + - [ ] state + - [ ] memento + - [ ] iterator + - [ ] composite + - [ ] flyweight + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 1) - Patterns (影片)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Series of videos (27部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) + - 我知道"Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software"才是這方面的經典書籍，但深入淺出系列對於物件導向的初學者可能是更好的選擇。 + - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) + - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) + +- ### 組合數&機率 + - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [Make School: Probability (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + - [ ] [Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) + - [ ] Khan Academy: + - Course大綱: + - [ ] [Basic Theoretical Probability](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) + - 只有影片(每個都很簡單而且很短): + - [ ] [Probability Explained (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) + +- ### NP、NP-Complete以及近似演算法 + - 了解一些著名的NP-Complete問題，像是旅行推銷員問題(traveling salesman problem)和背包問題(knapsack problem)，並要能夠在面試官問類似這些經典範例的問題時辨認出他們。 + - 了解NP-complete的方法。 + - [ ] [計算複雜性理論(影片))](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) + - [ ] Simonson: + - [ ] [貪心演算法II & NP Completeness導論(影片)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness III(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness IV(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) + - [ ] Skiena: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 23 - NP-Completeness導論(影片)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 24 - NP-Completeness證明(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 25 - NP-Completeness牛刀小試(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [複雜性: P、NP、NP-completeness、Reductions(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) + - [ ] [複雜性: 近似演算法(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) + - [ ] [複雜性: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - Peter Norvig在影片中提到旅行推銷員問題的近似最佳解: + - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) + - 在演算法導論(Introduction to Algorithms)第1048~1140頁 + +- ### 快取(cache) + - [ ] LRU cache: + - [ ] [奇妙LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev)(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) + - [ ] [實作LRU(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) + - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++)(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) + - [ ] CPU cache: + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: 記憶體階層(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: 快取深入探討(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + +- ### 程序與執行緒(Processes&Threads) +- [ ] Computer Science 162 - 作業系統 (25部影片): + - 程序與執行緒在第1~11部影片中 + - [作業系統以及系統程式設計(影片)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + - [程序與執行緒有什麼差別?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) + - 涵蓋: + - 探討程序、執行緒與並行性 + - 程序與執行緒的差別 + - 程序(processes) + - 執行緒(threads) + - 鎖(locks) + - 互斥鎖(mutexes) + - 號誌(semaphores) + - 監視器(monitors) + - 他們如何運作? + - 死鎖(deadlock) + - 活鎖(livelock) + - CPU活動、中斷、上下文交換(context switching) + - 現代cpu並行性由多核處理器實現 + - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) + - [中斷Interrupt(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) + - 程序所需資源 (記憶體): code, 靜態儲存, stack, heap,檔案描述符(file descriptors)以及i/o) + - 執行序所需資源 (跟上述相同(除了stack)， 其他的執行序都各自擁有pc、stack計數器、暫存器以及stack在相同的程序中) + - Forking只有複製寫入(唯讀)，直到新的程序被寫入到記憶體中u，然後他再複製一個新的 + - 上下文交換 + - 上下文交換如何被作業系統以及硬體所啟動 + - [ ] [C++執行序 (包含10部影片的系列)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] Python並行性 (影片)): + - [ ] [執行序簡短系列](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) + - [ ] [Python執行序](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) + - [ ] [理解Python GIL(2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) + - [參考資源](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) + - [ ] [David Beazley - Python並行性入門: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) + - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) + - [ ] [Python互斥鎖](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) + +- ### Testing + - 涵蓋: + - 單元測試如何運作 + - 什麼是模擬對象(mock object) + - 整合測試(integration testing)是什麼 + - 什麼是依賴注入(dependency injection) + - [ ] [敏捷軟體測試-James Bach(影片))](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) + - [ ] [James Bach軟體測試的公開課程(影片))](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) + - [ ] [Steve Freeman - 測試導向軟體開發(影片))](https://vimeo.com/83960706) + - [投影片](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) + - [ ] 依賴注入(Dependency injection): + - [ ] [影片](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) + - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) + - [ ] [如何寫測試](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) + +- ### 排程Scheduling + - 作業系統中排程如何運作? + - 可以從作業系統的課程影片中學習 + +- ### 字串搜尋演算法以及操作 + - [ ] [Sedgewick-後綴陣列(Suffix Arrays)(影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Sedgewick-子字串搜尋(影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1.子字串搜尋導論](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/introduction-to-substring-search) + - [ ] [2.子字串搜尋-暴力法](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) + - [ ] [3.KMP演算法](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) + - [ ] [4.Boyer-Moore字串搜尋演算法](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) + - [ ] [5.Rabin-Karp演算法](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) + - [ ] [在文字中尋找模式(影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + + 如果你想知道更多有關這個主題的知識，可以去看[某些主題的額外知識](#某些主題的額外知識)中的"String Matching" + +- ### 字典樹(Tries) + - 請注意字典樹有許多種類。有些有前綴，有些沒有，而有些在追蹤路徑時使用字串而非位元。 + - 我有看過這些程式碼，但沒有實作 + - [ ] [Sedgewick-字典樹(3部影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1.R Way字典樹](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) + - [ ] [2.三元搜尋樹](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) + - [ ] [3.字元操作](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) + - [ ] [Note:資料結構以及coding技巧](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] 簡短的課程影片: + - [ ] [字典樹簡介(影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [字典樹效能(影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [實作字典樹(影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [字典樹:一個被忽視的資料結構](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) + - [ ] [TopCoder-使用字典樹](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [Stanford線上課程(實際使用範例))(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT進階資料結構-字串(影片中間有點困難)(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + +- ### 浮點數 + - [ ] 8位元: [浮點數表示 - 1 (影片 - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32位元: [IEEE754 32位元浮點數(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + +- ### Unicode + - [ ] [每個軟體工程師一定要知道的Unicode以及字元集]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [每個工程師一定要知道的編碼以及字元集-如何與文字搭配](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + +- ### 端序(Endianness) + - [ ] [大/小端序](https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141940/http://www.cs.umd.edu:80/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [大端序 Vs 小端序(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [由裡入內的大端序與小端序(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - 對於核心開發非常具有技術性。如果大多數的內容聽不懂也沒關係。 + - 前半部就已經足夠了 + +- ### 網路 + - **以下為如果你有網路相關經驗，或是想成為一個可靠的工程師需要知道的知識** + - 知道這些有益無害，多多益善! + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/code-org/computers-and-the-internet) + - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained!(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial.(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos)(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] Sockets: + - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [ ] [Socket Programming(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) + +## 系統設計、可擴充性、資料處理 + +**如果你已經擁有了4年以上的程式經驗，那你可以來看看有關系統設計的問題** + +- 可擴充性與系統設計的範圍非常廣大，裡面還包含了許多主題，因為在設計一個具有擴充性的軟體/硬體時有許多事情需要考量。你可以花點時間看看這些。 + +- 考量: + - 可擴充性 + - 將大量資料抽取出而成一個值 + - 將一個資料轉換成另一個 + - 處理大量的資料 + - 系統設計 + - 功能集 + - 介面 + - class階層 + - 在某些限制下設計一個系統 + - 簡單與強健的系統 + - 權衡得失 + - 效能評估與最佳化 + +- [ ] **從這裡開始**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) +- [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) +- [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) +- [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) +- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - 這個裡面包含許多資源。把裡面的文章與例子都看過一遍，裡面有些我把他特別放在下面。 +- [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +- [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) +- [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) +- [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) +- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) +- [ ] 共識演算法(Consensus Algorithms): + - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + - [ ] [Easy-to-read paper](https://raft.github.io/) + - [ ] [Infographic](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) +- [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) +- [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) +- [ ] 可擴充性: + - 不用把這些全讀過，挑幾個你有興趣的即可。 + - [ ] [Great overview(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] 簡單系列: + - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) + - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + - [ ] [Pragmatic Programming Techniques](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) + - [extra: Google Pregel Graph Processing](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) + - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) + - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) + - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) + - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) + - [影片](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) + - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) + - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze-json-encoding-compression/) + - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Get In The Queue](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) + - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) + - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) + - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) + - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) + - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) + - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) + - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) + - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) + - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) + - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) + - [ ] [Cinchcast Architecture - Producing 1,500 Hours Of Audio Every Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) + - [ ] [Justin.Tv's Live Video Broadcasting Architecture](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) + - [ ] [Playfish's Social Gaming Architecture - 50 Million Monthly Users And Growing](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) + - [ ] [TripAdvisor Architecture - 40M Visitors, 200M Dynamic Page Views, 30TB Data](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) + - [ ] [PlentyOfFish Architecture](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) + - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) + - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + - [ ] 看看下方的"通訊、序列化以及佇列系統"，裡面有一些你可以參考的東西。 + - [ ] Twitter: + - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) + - 更多請看看下面[影片系列](#影片系列)中的"Mining Massive Datasets" +- [ ] 練習系統設計的過程:以下是在紙上練習的一些方法，每個都有他們如何運用在現實中的說明文件: + - 複習: [系統設計入門](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [HiredInTech系統設計](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [提示](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - 流程: + 1. 了解問題與其範圍: + - 在面試官的幫助下定義使用情況 + - 提供些額外功能的建議 + - 移除面試官認為是超出範圍的東西 + - 默認高可用度是必須的，並增加一些使用情況 + 2. 設想限制: + - 想想看每個月會有多少請求 + - 想想看每秒會有多少請求(他們可能自願或者讓你自己計算) + - 評估讀寫比率 + - 評估時請保持80/20法則 + - 每秒有多少資料被寫入? + - 5年內總共需要的儲存空間 + - 每秒有多少資料被讀取? + 3. 抽象設計: + - 層(服務、資料、快取) + - 基礎:讀取平衡、通訊 + - 初步概覽驅動整個服務的關鍵演算法 + - 考慮會遇到的瓶頸以及解決方案 + - 練習: + - [Design a CDN network: old article](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) + - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) + - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) + - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) + +--- + +## 總複習 + + 這部分我放了一些簡短的影片，觀看這些影片可以快速的複習一些重要的觀念。 + 如果你想時常複習，那真是太棒了! + +- [ ] 2-3分鐘快速複習影片系列(23個影片) + - [影片](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] 2-5分鐘快速複習影片系列-Michael Sambol (18個影片) + - [影片](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +--- + +## 解題練習 + +現在你已經知道上面所有有關電腦科學的主題了，該是時候做些解題的練習了。 + +**解題練習不能死記題目的解法** + +為什麼你需要練習解題: +- 快速識別問題，以及如何應用正確的資料結構及演算法。 +- 蒐集問題的需求 +- 模擬面試時用你的方法闡述問題 +- 試著不要在電腦上寫程式，而是 在白板上或紙上 +- 想出該問題的時間與空間複雜度 +- 測試你的解法 + +這裡有個很棒的入門教學，內容是如何在面試中有條不紊，並且有互動溝通地解決問題。這種能力可以從面試書籍中獲得，但我覺得這個也超讚的:[Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) + +家裡沒有白板嗎？這很合理。但我是個奇怪的人，家裡有個大白板。沒有白板的話，可以去美術社買個大的繪圖板。你可以坐在沙發上練習。這是我的「沙發白板」。我在照片中放了一枝筆當作比例尺。如果你用筆的話，你將會希望你可以擦拭他，因為他很快就會變髒了。通常我都用鉛筆與橡皮擦。 + +![my sofa whiteboard](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) + +補充: + +- [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) +- [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) +- [MIT Interview Materials](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) +- [Exercises for getting better at a given language](http://exercism.io/languages) + + +**閱讀並解題(按照以下順序):** + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Programming+Interviews+Exposed%3A+Secrets+to+Landing+Your+Next+Job%2C+2nd+Edition-p-9780470121672) + - 附有C、C++、Java的解答 +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - 附有Java的解答 + +看看[上方的書單](#書單(book-list)) + +## 解題練習/挑戰 + +學了一些東西之後，可以開始試試每天解一些題目，越多越好! + +- [如何找到解法](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [如何剖析好的coder的問題解析](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) + +Coding面試題目影片: +- [IDeserve (88部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5個播放清單)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - 對於解法的練習非常有幫助 +- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - 這些是我最近很喜歡的影片，你可以在短時間內看完他們 + - 對於解法以及程式碼有很棒的解釋 + +解題網站: +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) +- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) + +解題repository: +- [Python互動式coding面試解題](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) + +更多面試: +- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - I used this and it helped me relax for the phone screen and on-site interview. +- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - 點對點面試練習 +- [Refdash: Mock interviews and expedited interviews](https://refdash.com/) - 同樣能藉由跳過跟多家科技公司的面試，幫助你快速步上軌道， + +## 面試前夕 + +- Coding面試解密-第二集(影片): + - [Coding面試解密](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) + - [Coding面試解密 - 全端講者系列](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) + +## 你的履歷 + +- 看看Coding面試解密中的履歷準備。 + +## 想想面試時可能的狀況 + + 一些我預想的問題(我或許已經知道答案，但想知道他們的意見或是團隊的觀點): + +- 你的團隊規模多大? +- 你的開發週期大概是怎樣?敏捷agile、瀑布式waterfall、sprint? +- 截止日前趕工是常態嗎?或是這之中有彈性? +- 在你的團隊中是怎麼做決定的? +- 每週你們開幾次會? +- 你覺得你的工作環境能幫助你專注嗎? +- 你目前在做哪個專案? +- 你喜歡這個專案的哪個部份? +- 工作生活如何? +- 工作與生活如何取得平衡? + +## 一旦你得到工作 + +恭喜!!! + +繼續學習 + +活到老，學到老。 + +--- + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + + 下面的東西都是額外的。 + 讀這些東西，可以更了解電腦科學的概念， + 並且能讓自己對任何軟體工程的工作做更好的準備。 + 如此一來，你將會成為一個更全面的軟體工程師。 + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + +--- + +## 選修書籍 + + 你可以從以下的書單挑選你有興趣的主題來研讀 + +- [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) + - 老，但卻很棒 +- [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - 現代選擇 +- [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) +- [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - 設計模式的入門簡介 +- [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - 也被稱為"四人幫"("Gang of Four(GOF)") + - 經典設計模式書籍 +- [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 5th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0134277554/) +- [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - 作為複習以及問題辨別 + - 這本書中演算法的部分難度已經超過面試會出現的 + - 本書分為兩個部分: + - 資料結構及演算法課本 + - 優點: + - 跟其他演算法課本一樣是個很棒的複習素材 + - 內含關於作者以往解決工業及學術上問題的經驗的故事 + - 含C語言程式碼範例 + - 缺點: + - 某些地方跟"Introduction to Algorithms"一樣艱深，但在某些主題，"Introduction to Algorithms"或許是更好的選擇。 + - 第7、8、9章有點難以消化，因為某些地方並沒有解釋得很清楚，或者根本上我就是個學渣 + - 別會錯意了，我很喜歡Skiena的教學方法以及他的風格。 + - 演算法目錄: + - 這個部分是買這本書的最大誘因 + - 我即將著手進行這部分，一旦完成這部分我會再更新上來 + - 可以在kindle上租 + - 解答: + - [解答](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [解答](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [勘誤表](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +- [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - 這本書出版於2004年，某些程度上他有點過時了，但對於初步理解電腦是個很棒的資源 + - 作者發明了[高階組合語言HLA](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%9A%8E%E7%B5%84%E5%90%88%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80)，所以提到，並且舉了一些HLA的例子。裡面沒有用到很多，但都是很棒的組合語言的例子。 + - 這些章節很值得一讀，讓你具備極佳的基礎: + - 第2章 - 數值表示法 + - 第3章 - 二進位運算和位元運算 + - 第4章 - 浮點數表示法 + - 第5章 - 字元表示法 + - 第6章 - 記憶體組織和存取 + - 第7章 - 複合資料型別和記憶體 + - 第9章 - CPU架構 + - 第10章 - 指令集架構 + - 第11章 - 記憶體架構與組織 +- [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) + - **重要:** 讀這本書CP值不高。這本書作為複習演算法和資料結構還算滿不錯的，但它裡面沒有教你怎麼實作這些東西。你必須要能夠自己寫出很棒、有效率的解法。 + - 也被稱為CLR，或是CLRS，因為Stein是後來才加入作者群的。 + +- [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + - 更豐富、更新(2017年)，但篇幅較長。 + +- [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + - 前幾章提供了一些解決coding問題的精妙絕倫的方法(有些很舊，甚至還用磁帶)，但那些只是導論。這是本程式設計和架構的指南。 + +## 額外學習 + + 我把他們加了進來為了讓你成為更全方位的軟體工程師，並且留意一些科技以及演算法，讓你的資料庫中有更多素材。 + +- ### 編譯器 + - [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [C++ (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) + +- ### Emacs and vi(m) + - 讓你自己熟悉unix的文字編輯器 + - vi(m): + - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) + - set of 4 videos: + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) + - [Using Vi Instead of Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) + - emacs: + - [基礎Emacs教學 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) + - 三組影片: + - [Emacs教學(初學者) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) + - [Emacs教學(初學者) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) + - [Emacs教學(初學者) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) + - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) + - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) + - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) + +- ### Unix命令列(command line)工具 + - bash + - cat + - grep + - sed + - awk + - curl or wget + - sort + - tr + - uniq + - [strace](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + +- ### 資訊理論 (影片) + - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - 更多有關馬可夫鏈: + - [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + - 進一步的可以去看看下方的MIT 6.050J Information和Entropy系列 + +- ### 同位位元 & 漢明碼 (影片) + - [簡介](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [同位位元](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - 漢明碼: + - [錯誤偵測](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) + - [錯誤修正](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) + - [錯誤檢查](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + +- ### Entropy + - 同樣看看下方的影片 + - 務必先看過資訊理論的影片 + - [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (影片)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + +- ### 密碼學 + - 同樣看看下方的影片 + - 務必先看過資訊理論的影片 + - [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- ### 壓縮 + - 務必先看過資訊理論的影片 + - 電腦愛好者 (影片): + - [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [(額外) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) + +- ### 電腦安全 + - [MIT (23部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- ### 垃圾回收(GC) + - [GC in Python (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) + +- ### 平行計算 + - [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + +- ### 通訊、序列化以及佇列系統(Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems) + - [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [教學](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) + - [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [教學](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) + - [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) + - [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [教學](http://try.redis.io/) + - [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [Get Started](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) + - [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) + - [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) + - [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + +- ### A*搜尋演算法 + - [A搜尋演算法](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [A* 路徑找尋教學 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [A* 路徑找尋 (E01: 演算法解釋) (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) + +- ### 快速傅立葉轉換 + - [傅立葉轉換互動式教學](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [什麼是傅立葉轉換? 他是用來幹嘛的?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [快速傅立葉轉換是什麼? (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [分治法: 快速傅立葉轉換 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [理解快速傅立葉轉換](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + +- ### 布隆過濾器(Bloom filter) + - 給定布隆過濾器m個位元以及k個雜湊函式，插入以及membership testing都是O(k) + - [布隆過濾器 (影片))](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [布隆過濾器 | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - [教學](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) + - [如何寫一個布隆過濾器的APP](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) + +- ### HyperLogLog + - [如何只用僅僅1.5KB的記憶體計算數十億個不同的物體](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) + +- ### Locality-Sensitive Hashing + - 用來判定文件的相似度 + - 跟MD5/SHA正好相反，他們是用來判定兩個文件/字串是否完全相同 + - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) + +- ### van Emde Boas Trees + - [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [MIT課程筆記](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + +- ### Augmented Data Structures + - [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) + +- ### 平衡樹 + - 至少要了解一種平衡樹(並且理解怎麼實作他): + - "在平衡樹中，AVL和2/3樹已經有點過時了，而紅黑樹則比較流行。伸展樹(Splay tree)是一個特別有趣，能夠自我伸展的資料結構，他利用了旋轉rotation來移動任何accessed key到樹的根部。" - Skiena + - 在這麼多平衡樹之中，我選擇實作伸縮樹。從我曾聽過的看來，在面試時你並不需要會實作平衡搜尋樹。我看過了很多紅黑樹的程式碼。 + - 伸縮樹:插入、搜尋、刪除函式 + 如果你最後選擇實作紅黑樹，試試看以下這些: + - 搜尋和插入函式，跳過刪除 + - 我想學習更多有關B-Tree的東西，因為在大量資料的時候他運用得十分廣泛 + - [自我平衡二元搜尋樹](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + + - **AVL樹** + - 實際上: + 從我所知，這些樹在實際上並沒有用到太多，但這些是他們可能會出現的地方: + AVL樹是另一個能夠在O(log n)的時間內搜尋、插入和刪除的資料結構。AVL樹比起紅黑樹更加嚴格的兩邊平衡，而這也導致了比較慢的插入和刪除，但比較快速的拿取。這對於那些只要建立一次，之後就只要取用的資料結構非常有吸引力，像是字典(或是程式字典，像是直譯器或組譯器的opcodes) + - [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [AVL Trees (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [AVL Tree Implementation (影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + + - **伸縮樹Splay tree** + - 實際上: + 伸縮樹運用在快取、記憶體分配、路由、垃圾回收、資料壓縮、ropes(在長字串時取代string)、Windows NT(在虛擬記憶體、網路以及檔案系統)等等。 + - [CS 61B: Splay Trees (影片)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) + - MIT Lecture: 伸縮樹: + - 非常數學，但務必看看最後10分鐘 + - [影片](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) + + - **紅黑樹** + - 這些是2-3樹的解釋(請看下方) + - 實際上: + 紅黑樹插入、刪除以及搜尋的時間複雜度在最糟情況下仍有一定程度的保證表現。 + 這不只讓他們在時間要求極高的應用(像是即時應用)有著很高的價值，在建構其他資料結構中也有著極高的價值。 + 舉例來說，許多在計算幾何中的資料結構都是由紅黑樹所構成的，而在Linux中用到的Completely Fair Scheduler也用到了紅黑樹。 + 在Java8中，Collection HashMap也從原本用Linked List實作，儲存特定元素的hashcode，改為用紅黑樹實作。 + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (影片)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + + - **2-3搜尋樹** + - 實際上: + 2-3樹在犧牲了搜尋速度下換來了相對快速的插入速度(因為高度比起AVL樹來的高) + - 2-3樹極少被用到，因為實作他需要用到不同的節點。因此，紅黑樹的出現機率較高。 + - [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + + - **2-3-4樹 (aka 2-4樹)** + - 實際上: + 每個2-4樹都有相對應，有著相同資料順序的紅黑樹。2-4樹的插入以及刪除跟紅黑樹中的color-flipping以及rotation是相同的。這讓2-4樹成為了了解紅黑樹背後的 + 邏輯的重要工具，而這也是為什麼很多演算法入門課本都會在介紹紅黑樹前介紹2-4樹，即使**2-4樹在實際上並不常用到**。 + - [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (影片)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) + - [Bottom Up 234-Trees (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [Top Down 234-Trees (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + + - **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** + - 重點: N或K指的是branching factor(最大的分支數) + - 二元樹屬於2-ary tree，branching factor為2 + - 2-3樹屬於3-ary + - [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + + - **B樹** + - 有趣的小知識: B代表什麼是個謎題，或許代表Boeing、Balanced，或Bayer(co-inventor) + - 實際上: + B樹廣泛的運用在資料庫中。多數現代資料系統使用B樹(或是其變異體)。除了在資料庫方面的應用，B樹也用在資料系統中，使得我們能夠 + 隨機存取特定檔案中的任意部分。最基礎的問題是把file block的i address轉變為disk block(或是轉變為cylinder head sector)的address。 + - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [B-Tree Datastructure](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) + - [Introduction to B-Trees (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [B-Tree Deletion (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - 涵蓋了cache-oblivious B樹，非常有趣的資料結構 + - 前37分鐘非常技術性，可以跳過(B代表block大小、cache line大小) + + +- ### k-D樹 + - 是找矩形中或是更高維度物體中的點的數量的好方法 + - 對於k-nearest neighbors很有幫助 + - [Kd Trees (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - [kNN K-d tree algorithm (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + +- ### Skip lists + - "這些資料結構某種程度上有些邪門" - Skiena + - [Randomization: Skip Lists (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + +- ### Network Flows + - [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) + - [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [Network Flows (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + +- ### Disjoint Sets & Union Find + - [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (影片)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) + - [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6部影片)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) + +- ### 快速處理(Fast Processing)的數學 + - [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + +- ### Treap + - 二元搜尋樹以及heap的結合 + - [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [Data Structures: Treaps explained (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + +- ### 線性程式設計Linear Programming (影片) + - [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) + +- ### 幾何、Convex hull (影片) + - [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + +- ### 離散數學 + - 觀看下方影片 + +- ### 機器學習 + - 為什麼要學機器學習? + - [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + - [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + - [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + - [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + - [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + - [Tensorflow (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials) + - [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (使用Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + - 課程: + - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) + - [只有影片](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) + - see videos 12-18 for a review of linear algebra (14 and 15 are duplicates) + - [Neural Networks and Deep Learning Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks-deep-learning) + - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) + - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree--nd009t) + - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) + - 資源: + - 書籍: + - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) + - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) + - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) + - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) + - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ + +--- + +## 某些主題的額外知識 + + 我為了強化某些已經在上面呈現的內容，所以才增加這些東西。但因為上面已經有太多內容了，所以不想把這些放在上面。 + You want to get hired in this century, right? + +- **SOLID** + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients不該被強迫去實作他們不會用到的介面 + - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | 減少對物件的composition的依賴 + - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) + + +- **Union-Find** + - [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) + +- **More Dynamic Programming** (影片) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + - [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + - [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) + +- **Advanced Graph Processing** (影片) + - [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) + +- MIT **Probability** (過於數學，進度緩慢，但這對於數學的東西卻是必要之惡) (影片): + - [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) + +- [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) + +- **String Matching** + - Rabin-Karp (影片): + - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) + - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) + - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) + - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) + - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) + - Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): + - [TThe Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) + - Boyer–Moore string search algorithm + - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) + - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) + - [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - 開始的時候很不錯，但過了KMP的部分後就變得過於困難 + - 很好的解釋了tries(字典樹) + - 可以跳過 + +- **排序** + + - Stanford的排序課程: + - [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - Steven Skiena的排序課程: + - [lecture begins at 26:46 (影片)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [lecture begins at 27:40 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 35:00 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 23:50 (影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + +## 影片系列 + +坐下來享受一下"Netflix和技巧" :P + +- [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (每部都很短)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + +- [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) + +- [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) + +- [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) + +- [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) + +- [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) + +- [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) + +- CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25部影片) + - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) + +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25部影片)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) + +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39部影片)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + +- [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26部影片)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) + +- [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + +- ~~[UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~ + +- [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDSlqjcPpoL64CJdF0Qee5oWqGS6we_Yu) + +- [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) + +- [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) + +- [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) + +- [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) + +- [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + +- [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) + +- [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) + +- [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) + +- [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) + +- [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) + +- [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) + - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) + +- [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) + +- [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67部影片)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) + +## 電腦科學課程 + +- [電腦科學線上課程目錄]](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) +- [電腦科學課程目錄 (大多都有線上課程))](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) + +## 論文 + +- [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) +- [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [Go語言實作](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) +- [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - replaced by Colossus in 2012 +- [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow? +- [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) + - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) +- [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) +- [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) + - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution +- [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) +- [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) +- [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) +- [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) + - 論文暫不提供 +- 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: + - [論文](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [影片](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) +- 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: + - [論文](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [影片](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) +- [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) +- [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +- [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +- [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) +- [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +- [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) + + +## LICENSE + +[CC-BY-SA-4.0](./LICENSE.txt) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translations/README-uk.md b/translations/README-uk.md index 97e58a9..4d415ab 100644 --- a/translations/README-uk.md +++ b/translations/README-uk.md @@ -1,34 +1,137 @@ # Coding Interview University -Original: [англійською](README.md) +Original in [English](README.md) + +> Спочатку я створив це як короткий список завдань для вивчення тем, щоб стати +інженером-програмістом, але він збільшився до великого списку, який ви бачите +сьогодні. Пройшовши цей навчальний план, +[мене найняли розробником програмного забезпечення в Amazon](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! +> +> Я навчався приблизно 8-12 годин на день, протягом декількох місяців. Це моя +історія: +[Чому я навчався очно протягом 8 місяців для інтерв’ю в Google](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13). +> +> Перелічені тут ресурси добре підготують вас до технічної співбесіди практично +в будь-якій компанії, включаючи гігантів: Amazon, Facebook, Google та +Microsoft. +> +> *Нехай щастить!* + +
+Переклади: + +- [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) +- [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md) +- [Español](translations/README-es.md) +- [Português Brasileiro](translations/README-ptbr.md) +- [Polish](translations/README-pl.md) +- [繁體中文](translations/README-tw.md) +- [Japanese (日本語)](translations/README-ja.md) +- [Russian](translations/README-ru.md) +- [German](translations/README-de.md) +- [Bahasa Indonesia](translations/README-id.md) +- [ខ្មែរ - Khmer](translations/README-kh.md) + +
+ +
+Переклади в процесі: + +- [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +- [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) +- [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) +- [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) +- [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) +- [Українська](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) +- [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) +- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/519) +- [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +- [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) +- [Italian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) +- [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) + +
+ +
+
+

+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

+

+ Special thanks to: +

+

+ +

+
+

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+ Founded in 2018, OSS Capital is the first and only venture capital platform focused
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+ Natively integrated with GitLab, GitHub, and Bitbucket, Gitpod automatically and continuously prebuilds dev environments for all your branches. As a result team members can instantly start coding with fresh dev environments for each new task - no matter if you are building a new feature, want to fix a bug, or work on a code review. +
+ +

+
+
## Що це? -Це мій багатомісячний навчальний план для перетворення з веб-розробника (самоучки без ступеню з CS) -на розробника програмного забезпечення у Google. +Це мій багатомісячний план навчання для переходу від веб-розробника (самоука, +без ступеня з комп'ютерних наук) до інженера програмного забезпечення для +великої компанії. -![Програмування у дошки — з серіалу «Silicon Valley» HBO](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) +![Програмування у дошки — з серіалу «Silicon Valley» HBO](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) -Цей довгий список був видобутий і розширений з **тренувальних нотаток Google**, отже це речі, які ви повинні знати. -Тут є додаткові пункти, які я додав знизу — вони можуть зустрітися в інтерв’ю або бути корисними у вирішенні завдань. -Багато пунктів взято з «[Get that job at Google](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)» Steve Yegge, -вони іноді дослівно відображаються в тренувальних нотатках Google. +Цей список призначено +**для піонерів у сфері розробки програмного забезпечення** або +тих, хто переходить від кодування/веб-розробки до більш архітектурних, +інженерних рішень (де потрібні знання комп'ютерних наук). Якщо у вас +багаторічний досвід і ви стверджуєте, що він таким є, очікуйте більш важкого +інтерв’ю. -Я обрав, що вам потрібно знати, базуючись на рекомендаціях Yegge. Я вніс зміни до вимог Yegge на основі інформації, -отриманої від мого контакту у Google. Це призначено для **нових розробників програмного забезпечення** або тих, -що переходять з веб-розробки на розробку програмного забезпечення (де потрібне знання CS). Якщо у вас багаторічний -досвід, і ви заявляєте про багаторічний досвід розробки програмного забезпечення, очікуйте на більш жорстке інтерв’ю. -[Прочитайте більше](https://googleyasheck.com/what-you-need-to-know-for-your-google-interview-and-what-you-dont/). +Також якщо у вас є багаторічний досвід кодування/веб-розробки, зверніть увагу, +що великі компанії-розробники програмного забезпечення, такі як Google, Amazon, +Facebook та Microsoft, відрізняють розробку програмного забезпечення +від веб-розробки, і вони потребують знання комп'ютерних наук. -Якщо у вас багато років досвіду веб-розробки, майте на увазі, що Google відрізняє розробку програмного забезпечення -від веб-розробки, і вони потребують знання Computer Science. - -Якщо ви хочете бути інженером з надійності або системним інженером, вчіть більше за опціональним списком (мережі, -безпека). +Якщо ви хочете бути інженером з надійності або системним інженером, вчіть +більше за опціональним списком (мережі, безпека). --- -## Таблиця контенту +## Зміст - [Що це?](#Що-це) - [Чому це використовувати?](#Чому-це-використовувати) @@ -181,7 +284,7 @@ Original: [англійською](README.md) `git commit -m "Marked x" ` -`git rebase jwasham/master ` +`git rebase jwasham/main ` `git push --force ` @@ -390,8 +493,8 @@ I made a mobile-first website so I could review on my phone and tablet, wherever Make your own for free: - [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): -- [My flash cards database (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): +- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [My flash cards database (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required. @@ -626,7 +729,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - binary search using recursion - ### Bitwise operations - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - [ ] Good intro: @@ -655,7 +758,6 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input ## Trees - ### Trees - Notes & Background - - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) - basic tree construction - traversal @@ -879,7 +981,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - when it is appropriate to use it - how is tail recursion better than not? - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) - ### Dynamic Programming - This subject can be pretty difficult, as each DP soluble problem must be defined as a recursion relation, and coming up with it can be tricky. @@ -1249,7 +1351,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the Video Series section. - [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: - review: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - flow: 1. Understand the problem and scope: - define the use cases, with interviewer's help @@ -1380,7 +1482,7 @@ Challenge sites: - [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) - [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) - [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) - [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) Mock Interviews: @@ -1443,11 +1545,11 @@ You're never really done. ***************************************************************************************************** ***************************************************************************************************** - + Everything below this point is optional. By studying these, you'll get greater exposure to more CS concepts, and will be better prepared for any software engineering job. You'll be a much more well-rounded software engineer. - + ***************************************************************************************************** ***************************************************************************************************** @@ -1569,7 +1671,6 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo - [ ] [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - ### Garbage collection - - [ ] [Garbage collection (Java); Augmenting data str (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) - [ ] [Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) @@ -1883,7 +1984,7 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) +- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) - [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) @@ -1924,7 +2025,7 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=9D558D49CA734A02) +- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) - [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) diff --git a/translations/README-ur.md b/translations/README-ur.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e150a67 --- /dev/null +++ b/translations/README-ur.md @@ -0,0 +1,2031 @@ +# Coding Interview University + +> سافٹ ویئر انجینئر بننے کے لئے میں نے اصل میں اس کو اسٹڈی لسٹ کے طور پر اسٹڈی ٹاپکس کی فہرست کے طور پر تخلیق کیا ہے, +> لیکن یہ اس بڑی تعداد میں بڑھ گئی جو آپ آج دیکھ رہے ہیں۔ اس مطالعاتی منصوبے سے گزرنے کے بعد ، [مجھے نوکری مل گئی +> ایمیزون میں سافٹ ویئر ڈویلپمنٹ انجینئر کی حیثیت سے](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! +> آپ کو شاید اتنا مطالعہ نہیں کرنا پڑے گا جتنا میں نے کیا تھا۔ بہر حال ، آپ کی ہر چیز کی ضرورت یہاں ہے۔ +> +> میں نے کئی مہینوں تک ، دن میں تقریبا 8 سے 12 گھنٹے مطالعہ کیا۔ یہ میری کہانی ہے: [گوگل انٹرویو کے لئے میں نے 8 ماہ تک فل ٹائم کیوں پڑھا](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) +> +> یہاں درج آئٹمز کسی بھی سافٹ ویئر کمپنی کے بارے میں تکنیکی انٹرویو کے ل آپ کو اچھی طرح تیار کریں گے ، +> سمیت: Amazon, Facebook, Google, and Microsoft. +> +> *آپ کو نیک خواہشات!* + +
+ترجمہ: + +- [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) +- [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md) +- [Español](translations/README-es.md) +- [Português Brasileiro](translations/README-ptbr.md) +- [Polish](translations/README-pl.md) +- [Urdu](translations/README-ur.md) +
+ +
+ترجمہ جاری ہے: + +- [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +- [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) +- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) +- [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) +- [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) +- [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) +- [Russian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) +- [Ukrainian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) +- [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) +- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) +- [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +- [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) +- [Italian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) +- [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) +- [Japanese (日本語)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/257) + +
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+ +

+
+
+ +## What is it? + +This is my multi-month study plan for going from web developer (self-taught, no CS degree) to software engineer for a large company. + +![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) + +This is meant for **new software engineers** or those switching from +software/web development to software engineering (where computer science knowledge is required). If you have +many years of experience and are claiming many years of software engineering experience, expect a harder interview. + +If you have many years of software/web development experience, note that large software companies like Google, Amazon, +Facebook and Microsoft view software engineering as different from software/web development, and they require computer science knowledge. + +If you want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, study more from the optional list (networking, security). + +--- + +## Table of Contents + +- [What is it?](#what-is-it) +- [Why use it?](#why-use-it) +- [How to use it](#how-to-use-it) +- [Don't feel you aren't smart enough](#dont-feel-you-arent-smart-enough) +- [About Video Resources](#about-video-resources) +- [Interview Process & General Interview Prep](#interview-process--general-interview-prep) +- [Pick One Language for the Interview](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview) +- [Book List](#book-list) +- [Before you Get Started](#before-you-get-started) +- [What you Won't See Covered](#what-you-wont-see-covered) +- [Prerequisite Knowledge](#prerequisite-knowledge) +- [The Daily Plan](#the-daily-plan) +- [Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis](#algorithmic-complexity--big-o--asymptotic-analysis) +- [Data Structures](#data-structures) + - [Arrays](#arrays) + - [Linked Lists](#linked-lists) + - [Stack](#stack) + - [Queue](#queue) + - [Hash table](#hash-table) +- [More Knowledge](#more-knowledge) + - [Binary search](#binary-search) + - [Bitwise operations](#bitwise-operations) +- [Trees](#trees) + - [Trees - Notes & Background](#trees---notes--background) + - [Binary search trees: BSTs](#binary-search-trees-bsts) + - [Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) + - balanced search trees (general concept, not details) + - traversals: preorder, inorder, postorder, BFS, DFS +- [Sorting](#sorting) + - selection + - insertion + - heapsort + - quicksort + - merge sort +- [Graphs](#graphs) + - directed + - undirected + - adjacency matrix + - adjacency list + - traversals: BFS, DFS +- [Even More Knowledge](#even-more-knowledge) + - [Recursion](#recursion) + - [Dynamic Programming](#dynamic-programming) + - [Object-Oriented Programming](#object-oriented-programming) + - [Design Patterns](#design-patterns) + - [Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) + - [NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) + - [Caches](#caches) + - [Processes and Threads](#processes-and-threads) + - [Testing](#testing) + - [Scheduling](#scheduling) + - [String searching & manipulations](#string-searching--manipulations) + - [Tries](#tries) + - [Floating Point Numbers](#floating-point-numbers) + - [Unicode](#unicode) + - [Endianness](#endianness) + - [Networking](#networking) +- [System Design, Scalability, Data Handling](#system-design-scalability-data-handling) (if you have 4+ years experience) +- [Final Review](#final-review) +- [Coding Question Practice](#coding-question-practice) +- [Coding exercises/challenges](#coding-exerciseschallenges) +- [Once you're closer to the interview](#once-youre-closer-to-the-interview) +- [Your Resume](#your-resume) +- [Be thinking of for when the interview comes](#be-thinking-of-for-when-the-interview-comes) +- [Have questions for the interviewer](#have-questions-for-the-interviewer) +- [Once You've Got The Job](#once-youve-got-the-job) + +---------------- Everything below this point is optional ---------------- + +## Additional Resources + +- [Additional Books](#additional-books) +- [Additional Learning](#additional-learning) + - [Compilers](#compilers) + - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) + - [Unix command line tools](#unix-command-line-tools) + - [Information theory](#information-theory-videos) + - [Parity & Hamming Code](#parity--hamming-code-videos) + - [Entropy](#entropy) + - [Cryptography](#cryptography) + - [Compression](#compression) + - [Computer Security](#computer-security) + - [Garbage collection](#garbage-collection) + - [Parallel Programming](#parallel-programming) + - [Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems) + - [A*](#a) + - [Fast Fourier Transform](#fast-fourier-transform) + - [Bloom Filter](#bloom-filter) + - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) + - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) + - [van Emde Boas Trees](#van-emde-boas-trees) + - [Augmented Data Structures](#augmented-data-structures) + - [Balanced search trees](#balanced-search-trees) + - AVL trees + - Splay trees + - Red/black trees + - 2-3 search trees + - 2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees) + - N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees + - B-Trees + - [k-D Trees](#k-d-trees) + - [Skip lists](#skip-lists) + - [Network Flows](#network-flows) + - [Disjoint Sets & Union Find](#disjoint-sets--union-find) + - [Math for Fast Processing](#math-for-fast-processing) + - [Treap](#treap) + - [Linear Programming](#linear-programming-videos) + - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull-videos) + - [Discrete math](#discrete-math) + - [Machine Learning](#machine-learning) +- [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) +- [Video Series](#video-series) +- [Computer Science Courses](#computer-science-courses) +- [Papers](#papers) + +--- + +## Why use it? + +When I started this project, I didn't know a stack from a heap, didn't know Big-O anything, anything about trees, or how to +traverse a graph. If I had to code a sorting algorithm, I can tell ya it wouldn't have been very good. +Every data structure I've ever used was built into the language, and I didn't know how they worked +under the hood at all. I've never had to manage memory unless a process I was running would give an "out of +memory" error, and then I'd have to find a workaround. I've used a few multidimensional arrays in my life and +thousands of associative arrays, but I've never created data structures from scratch. + +It's a long plan. It may take you months. If you are familiar with a lot of this already it will take you a lot less time. + +## How to use it + +Everything below is an outline, and you should tackle the items in order from top to bottom. + +I'm using Github's special markdown flavor, including tasks lists to check progress. + +**Create a new branch so you can check items like this, just put an x in the brackets: [x]** + + + Fork a branch and follow the commands below + +`git checkout -b progress` + +`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` + +`git fetch --all` + + Mark all boxes with X after you completed your changes + +`git add .` + +`git commit -m "Marked x"` + +`git rebase jwasham/master` + +`git push --force` + +[More about Github-flavored markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) + + +## Don't feel you aren't smart enough + +- Successful software engineers are smart, but many have an insecurity that they aren't smart enough. +- [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +- [It's Dangerous to Go Alone: Battling the Invisible Monsters in Tech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) + +## About Video Resources + +Some videos are available only by enrolling in a Coursera or EdX class. These are called MOOCs. +Sometimes the classes are not in session so you have to wait a couple of months, so you have no access. + + I'd appreciate your help to add free and always-available public sources, such as YouTube videos to accompany the online course videos. + I like using university lectures. + + +## Interview Process & General Interview Prep + +- [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) +- [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) +- [ ] [Effective Whiteboarding during Programming Interviews](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) +- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4: + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) +- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] Cracking the Facebook Coding Interview + - [ ] [The Approach](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) + - [ ] [Problem Walkthrough](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) +- [ ] Prep Course: + - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): + - Learn how to make yourself ready for software engineer interviews from a former Google interviewer. + - [ ] [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - A Python centric interview prep course which covers data structures, algorithms, mock interviews and much more. + - [ ] [Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms using Python (Udacity free course)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): + - A free Python centric data structures and algorithms course. + - [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms Nanodegree! (Udacity paid Nanodegree)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): + - Get hands-on practice with over 100 data structures and algorithm exercises and guidance from a dedicated mentor to help prepare you for interviews and on-the-job scenarios. + +## Pick One Language for the Interview + +You can use a language you are comfortable in to do the coding part of the interview, but for large companies, these are solid choices: + +- C++ +- Java +- Python + +You could also use these, but read around first. There may be caveats: + +- JavaScript +- Ruby + +Here is an article I wrote about choosing a language for the interview: [Pick One Language for the Coding Interview](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/) + +You need to be very comfortable in the language and be knowledgeable. + +Read more about choices: +- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ +- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ + +[See language resources here](programming-language-resources.md) + +You'll see some C, C++, and Python learning included below, because I'm learning. There are a few books involved, see the bottom. + +## Book List + +This is a shorter list than what I used. This is abbreviated to save you time. + +### Interview Prep + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) + - answers in C++ and Java + - this is a good warm-up for Cracking the Coding Interview + - not too difficult, most problems may be easier than what you'll see in an interview (from what I've read) +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - answers in Java + +### If you have tons of extra time: + +Choose one: + +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [ ] Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version) + - [book](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) + +### Language Specific + +**You need to choose a language for the interview (see above).** + +Here are my recommendations by language. I don't have resources for all languages. I welcome additions. + +If you read through one of these, you should have all the data structures and algorithms knowledge you'll need to start doing coding problems. +**You can skip all the video lectures in this project**, unless you'd like a review. + +[Additional language-specific resources here.](programming-language-resources.md) + +### C++ + +I haven't read these two, but they are highly rated and written by Sedgewick. He's awesome. + +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) + +If you have a better recommendation for C++, please let me know. Looking for a comprehensive resource. + +### Java + +- [ ] [Algorithms (Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - videos with book content (and Sedgewick!) on coursera: + - [Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +OR: + +- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) + - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - used as optional text for CS intro course at UC Berkeley + - see my book report on the Python version below. This book covers the same topics. + +### Python + +- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - I loved this book. It covered everything and more. + - Pythonic code + - my glowing book report: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ + + +## Before you Get Started + +This list grew over many months, and yes, it kind of got out of hand. + +Here are some mistakes I made so you'll have a better experience. + +### 1. You Won't Remember it All + +I watched hours of videos and took copious notes, and months later there was much I didn't remember. I spent 3 days going +through my notes and making flashcards so I could review. + +Read please so you won't make my mistakes: + +[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/). + +A course recommended to me (haven't taken it): [Learning how to Learn](https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn) + +### 2. Use Flashcards + +To solve the problem, I made a little flashcards site where I could add flashcards of 2 types: general and code. +Each card has different formatting. + +I made a mobile-first website so I could review on my phone and tablet, wherever I am. + +Make your own for free: + +- [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) +- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): +- [My flash cards database (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): + +Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required. + +**Note on flashcards:** The first time you recognize you know the answer, don't mark it as known. You have to see the +same card and answer it several times correctly before you really know it. Repetition will put that knowledge deeper in +your brain. + +An alternative to using my flashcard site is [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), which has been recommended to me numerous times. It uses a repetition system to help you remember. +It's user-friendly, available on all platforms and has a cloud sync system. It costs $25 on iOS but is free on other platforms. + +My flashcard database in Anki format: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) + +### 3. Start doing coding interview questions while you're learning data structures and algorithms, + +You need to apply what you're learning to solving problems, or you'll forget. I made this mistake. Once you've learned a topic, +and feel comfortable with it, like linked lists, open one of the coding interview books and do a couple of questions regarding +linked lists. Then move on to the next learning topic. Then later, go back and do another linked list problem, +or recursion problem, or whatever. But keep doing problems while you're learning. You're not being hired for knowledge, +but how you apply the knowledge. There are several books and sites I recommend. +See here for more: [Coding Question Practice](#coding-question-practice) + +### 4. Review, review, review + +I keep a set of cheat sheets on ASCII, OSI stack, Big-O notations, and more. I study them when I have some spare time. + +Take a break from programming problems for a half hour and go through your flashcards. + +### 5. Focus + +There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concentration are hard. Turn on some music +without lyrics and you'll be able to focus pretty well. + +## What you won't see covered + +These are prevalent technologies but not part of this study plan: + +- SQL +- Javascript +- HTML, CSS, and other front-end technologies + +## The Daily Plan + +Some subjects take one day, and some will take multiple days. Some are just learning with nothing to implement. + +Each day I take one subject from the list below, watch videos about that subject, and write an implementation in: +- C - using structs and functions that take a struct * and something else as args. +- C++ - without using built-in types +- C++ - using built-in types, like STL's std::list for a linked list +- Python - using built-in types (to keep practicing Python) +- and write tests to ensure I'm doing it right, sometimes just using simple assert() statements +- You may do Java or something else, this is just my thing. + +You don't need all these. You need only [one language for the interview](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview). + +Why code in all of these? +- Practice, practice, practice, until I'm sick of it, and can do it with no problem (some have many edge cases and bookkeeping details to remember) +- Work within the raw constraints (allocating/freeing memory without help of garbage collection (except Python or Java)) +- Make use of built-in types so I have experience using the built-in tools for real-world use (not going to write my own linked list implementation in production) + +I may not have time to do all of these for every subject, but I'll try. + +You can see my code here: + - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + +You don't need to memorize the guts of every algorithm. + +Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample inputs. Then test it out on a computer. + +## Prerequisite Knowledge + +- [ ] **Learn C** + - C is everywhere. You'll see examples in books, lectures, videos, *everywhere* while you're studying. + - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - This is a short book, but it will give you a great handle on the C language and if you practice it a little + you'll quickly get proficient. Understanding C helps you understand how programs and memory work. + - [answers to questions](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) + +- [ ] **How computers process a program:** + - [ ] [How CPU executes a program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + - [ ] [How computers calculate - ALU (video)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + - [ ] [Registers and RAM (video)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [ ] [The Central Processing Unit (CPU) (video)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [ ] [Instructions and Programs (video)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) + +## Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis + +- Nothing to implement +- There are a lot of videos here. Just watch enough until you understand it. You can always come back and review. +- If some of the lectures are too mathy, you can jump down to the bottom and watch the discrete mathematics videos to get the background knowledge. +- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] Skiena: + - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [slides](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) +- [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) +- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/orders-of-growth-6PKkX) +- [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/asymptotics-bXAtM) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_ca3e7UVmeUc) +- [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/illustrating-big-o-YVqzv) +- [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) +- [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) + +## Data Structures + +- ### Arrays + - Implement an automatically resizing vector. + - [ ] Description: + - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) + - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (Start watching from 15m 32s) + - [Basic Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_04-basicArrays.mp4) + - [Multi-dim (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_05-multidimensionalArrays.mp4) + - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) + - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/02_06-jaggedArrays.mp4) + - [Resizing arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/03_01-resizableArrays.mp4) + - [ ] Implement a vector (mutable array with automatic resizing): + - [ ] Practice coding using arrays and pointers, and pointer math to jump to an index instead of using indexing. + - [ ] new raw data array with allocated memory + - can allocate int array under the hood, just not use its features + - start with 16, or if starting number is greater, use power of 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 + - [ ] size() - number of items + - [ ] capacity() - number of items it can hold + - [ ] is_empty() + - [ ] at(index) - returns item at given index, blows up if index out of bounds + - [ ] push(item) + - [ ] insert(index, item) - inserts item at index, shifts that index's value and trailing elements to the right + - [ ] prepend(item) - can use insert above at index 0 + - [ ] pop() - remove from end, return value + - [ ] delete(index) - delete item at index, shifting all trailing elements left + - [ ] remove(item) - looks for value and removes index holding it (even if in multiple places) + - [ ] find(item) - looks for value and returns first index with that value, -1 if not found + - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private function + - when you reach capacity, resize to double the size + - when popping an item, if size is 1/4 of capacity, resize to half + - [ ] Time + - O(1) to add/remove at end (amortized for allocations for more space), index, or update + - O(n) to insert/remove elsewhere + - [ ] Space + - contiguous in memory, so proximity helps performance + - space needed = (array capacity, which is >= n) * size of item, but even if 2n, still O(n) + +- ### Linked Lists + - [ ] Description: + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) + - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation. + - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) + - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) + - [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [ ] Gotcha: you need pointer to pointer knowledge: + (for when you pass a pointer to a function that may change the address where that pointer points) + This page is just to get a grasp on ptr to ptr. I don't recommend this list traversal style. Readability and maintainability suffer due to cleverness. + - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) + - [ ] implement (I did with tail pointer & without): + - [ ] size() - returns number of data elements in list + - [ ] empty() - bool returns true if empty + - [ ] value_at(index) - returns the value of the nth item (starting at 0 for first) + - [ ] push_front(value) - adds an item to the front of the list + - [ ] pop_front() - remove front item and return its value + - [ ] push_back(value) - adds an item at the end + - [ ] pop_back() - removes end item and returns its value + - [ ] front() - get value of front item + - [ ] back() - get value of end item + - [ ] insert(index, value) - insert value at index, so current item at that index is pointed to by new item at index + - [ ] erase(index) - removes node at given index + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - returns the value of the node at nth position from the end of the list + - [ ] reverse() - reverses the list + - [ ] remove_value(value) - removes the first item in the list with this value + - [ ] Doubly-linked List + - [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) + - No need to implement + +- ### Stack + - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [Using Stacks Last-In First-Out (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_01-usingStacksForLast-inFirst-out.mp4) + - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. + +- ### Queue + - [ ] [Using Queues First-In First-Out(video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_03-usingQueuesForFirst-inFirst-out.mp4) + - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) + - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/05_04-priorityQueuesAndDeques.mp4) + - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: + - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail + - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) + - empty() + - [ ] Implement using fixed-sized array: + - enqueue(value) - adds item at end of available storage + - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element + - empty() + - full() + - [ ] Cost: + - a bad implementation using linked list where you enqueue at head and dequeue at tail would be O(n) + because you'd need the next to last element, causing a full traversal each dequeue + - enqueue: O(1) (amortized, linked list and array [probing]) + - dequeue: O(1) (linked list and array) + - empty: O(1) (linked list and array) + +- ### Hash table + - [ ] Videos: + - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + + - [ ] Online Courses: + - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_02-understandingHashFunctions.mp4) + - [ ] [Using Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_03-usingHashTables.mp4) + - [ ] [Supporting Hashing (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_04-supportingHashing.mp4) + - [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (video)](https://archive.org/details/0102WhatYouShouldKnow/06_05-languageSupportForHashTables.mp4) + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) + - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4) + - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) + - [ ] distributed hash tables: + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) + - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) + + - [ ] implement with array using linear probing + - hash(k, m) - m is size of hash table + - add(key, value) - if key already exists, update value + - exists(key) + - get(key) + - remove(key) + +## More Knowledge + +- ### Binary search + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] Implement: + - binary search (on sorted array of integers) + - binary search using recursion + +- ### Bitwise operations + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << + - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) + - [ ] Good intro: + [Bit Manipulation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) + - [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) + - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) + - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) + - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] 2s and 1s complement + - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) + - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) + - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) + - [ ] count set bits + - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) + - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) + - [ ] swap values: + - [Swap](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + - [ ] absolute value: + - [Absolute Integer](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) + +## Trees + +- ### Trees - Notes & Background + - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) + - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) + - basic tree construction + - traversal + - manipulation algorithms + - [ ] [BFS(breadth-first search) and DFS(depth-first search) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) + - BFS notes: + - level order (BFS, using queue) + - time complexity: O(n) + - space complexity: best: O(1), worst: O(n/2)=O(n) + - DFS notes: + - time complexity: O(n) + - space complexity: + best: O(log n) - avg. height of tree + worst: O(n) + - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) + - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) + - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + +- ### Binary search trees: BSTs + - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [Series (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) + - starts with symbol table and goes through BST applications + - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) + - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + - C/C++: + - [ ] [Binary search tree - Implementation in C/C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) + - [ ] [BST implementation - memory allocation in stack and heap (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) + - [ ] [Find min and max element in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Find height of a binary tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal - breadth-first and depth-first strategies (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) + - [ ] [Binary tree: Level Order Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal: Preorder, Inorder, Postorder (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Check if a binary tree is binary search tree or not (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Delete a node from Binary Search Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) + - [ ] [Inorder Successor in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] Implement: + - [ ] insert // insert value into tree + - [ ] get_node_count // get count of values stored + - [ ] print_values // prints the values in the tree, from min to max + - [ ] delete_tree + - [ ] is_in_tree // returns true if given value exists in the tree + - [ ] get_height // returns the height in nodes (single node's height is 1) + - [ ] get_min // returns the minimum value stored in the tree + - [ ] get_max // returns the maximum value stored in the tree + - [ ] is_binary_search_tree + - [ ] delete_value + - [ ] get_successor // returns next-highest value in tree after given value, -1 if none + +- ### Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap + - visualized as a tree, but is usually linear in storage (array, linked list) + - [ ] [Heap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) + - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) + - [ ] [Naive Implementations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) + - [ ] [Tree Height Remark (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) + - [ ] [Basic Operations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) + - [ ] [Complete Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) + - [ ] [Pseudocode (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) + - [ ] [Heap Sort - jumps to start (video)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) + - [ ] [Building a heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) + - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) + - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] Implement a max-heap: + - [ ] insert + - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert + - [ ] get_max - returns the max item, without removing it + - [ ] get_size() - return number of elements stored + - [ ] is_empty() - returns true if heap contains no elements + - [ ] extract_max - returns the max item, removing it + - [ ] sift_down - needed for extract_max + - [ ] remove(i) - removes item at index x + - [ ] heapify - create a heap from an array of elements, needed for heap_sort + - [ ] heap_sort() - take an unsorted array and turn it into a sorted array in-place using a max heap + - note: using a min heap instead would save operations, but double the space needed (cannot do in-place). + +## Sorting + +- [ ] Notes: + - Implement sorts & know best case/worst case, average complexity of each: + - no bubble sort - it's terrible - O(n^2), except when n <= 16 + - [ ] stability in sorting algorithms ("Is Quicksort stable?") + - [Sorting Algorithm Stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) + - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) + - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) + - [Sorting Algorithms - Stability](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) + - [ ] Which algorithms can be used on linked lists? Which on arrays? Which on both? + - I wouldn't recommend sorting a linked list, but merge sort is doable. + - [Merge Sort For Linked List](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) + +- For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. Heap sort is great, but not stable. + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort) + - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) + - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/xAltF/sorting-complexity) + - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/9FYhS/comparators) + - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/vjvnC/quicksort) + - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/UQxFT/selection) + - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/XvjPd/duplicate-keys) + - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/QBNZ7/system-sorts) + +- [ ] UC Berkeley: + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) + +- [ ] [Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Analyzing Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort, Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Quicksort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Selection Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) + +- [ ] Merge sort code: + - [ ] [Using output array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) + - [ ] [Using output array (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) + - [ ] [In-place (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) +- [ ] Quick sort code: + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) + - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) + +- [ ] Implement: + - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case + - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case + - Selection sort and insertion sort are both O(n^2) average and worst case + - For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. + +- [ ] Not required, but I recommended them: + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) + - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting) + - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/crkd5/3-way-radix-quicksort) + - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) + - [ ] [Radix Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) + +As a summary, here is a visual representation of [15 sorting algorithms](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg). +If you need more detail on this subject, see "Sorting" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) + +## Graphs + +Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this section is long, like trees and sorting were. + +- Notes: + - There are 4 basic ways to represent a graph in memory: + - objects and pointers + - adjacency matrix + - adjacency list + - adjacency map + - Familiarize yourself with each representation and its pros & cons + - BFS and DFS - know their computational complexity, their tradeoffs, and how to implement them in real code + - When asked a question, look for a graph-based solution first, then move on if none. + +- [ ] MIT(videos): + - [ ] [Breadth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - [ ] [Depth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) + +- [ ] Skiena Lectures - great intro: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + +- [ ] Graphs (review and more): + + - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - Lecture 6 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + - [ ] ~~[CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489)~~ + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) + - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + +- Full Coursera Course: + - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) + +- I'll implement: + - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (recursive) + - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (iterative with stack) + - [ ] DFS with adjacency matrix (recursive) + - [ ] DFS with adjacency matrix (iterative with stack) + - [ ] BFS with adjacency list + - [ ] BFS with adjacency matrix + - [ ] single-source shortest path (Dijkstra) + - [ ] minimum spanning tree + - DFS-based algorithms (see Aduni videos above): + - [ ] check for cycle (needed for topological sort, since we'll check for cycle before starting) + - [ ] topological sort + - [ ] count connected components in a graph + - [ ] list strongly connected components + - [ ] check for bipartite graph + +## Even More Knowledge + +- ### Recursion + - [ ] Stanford lectures on recursion & backtracking: + - [ ] [Lecture 8 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) + - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) + - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) + - when it is appropriate to use it + - how is tail recursion better than not? + - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) + +- ### Dynamic Programming + - You probably won't see any dynamic programming problems in your interview, but it's worth being able to recognize a problem as being a candidate for dynamic programming. + - This subject can be pretty difficult, as each DP soluble problem must be defined as a recursion relation, and coming up with it can be tricky. + - I suggest looking at many examples of DP problems until you have a solid understanding of the pattern involved. + - [ ] Videos: + - the Skiena videos can be hard to follow since he sometimes uses the whiteboard, which is too small to see + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] List of individual DP problems (each is short): + [Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + - [ ] Yale Lecture notes: + - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) + - [ ] Coursera: + - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) + - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) + - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + +- ### Object-Oriented Programming + - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) + - [ ] SOLID OOP Principles: [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) + +- ### Design patterns + - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) + - [ ] Learn these patterns: + - [ ] strategy + - [ ] singleton + - [ ] adapter + - [ ] prototype + - [ ] decorator + - [ ] visitor + - [ ] factory, abstract factory + - [ ] facade + - [ ] observer + - [ ] proxy + - [ ] delegate + - [ ] command + - [ ] state + - [ ] memento + - [ ] iterator + - [ ] composite + - [ ] flyweight + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 1) - Patterns (video)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Series of videos (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) + - I know the canonical book is "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", but Head First is great for beginners to OO. + - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) + - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) + + +- ### Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability + - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [Make School: Probability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + - [ ] [Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) + - [ ] Khan Academy: + - Course layout: + - [ ] [Basic Theoretical Probability](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) + - Just the videos - 41 (each are simple and each are short): + - [ ] [Probability Explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) + +- ### NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms + - Know about the most famous classes of NP-complete problems, such as traveling salesman and the knapsack problem, + and be able to recognize them when an interviewer asks you them in disguise. + - Know what NP-complete means. + - [ ] [Computational Complexity (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) + - [ ] Simonson: + - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness III (Video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) + - [ ] Skiena: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 23 - Introduction to NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 24 - NP-Completeness Proofs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 25 - NP-Completeness Challenge (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) + - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) + - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - Peter Norvig discusses near-optimal solutions to traveling salesman problem: + - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) + - Pages 1048 - 1140 in CLRS if you have it. + +- ### Caches + - [ ] LRU cache: + - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) + - [ ] [Implementing LRU (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) + - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) + - [ ] CPU cache: + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + +- ### Processes and Threads + - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operating Systems (25 videos): + - for processes and threads see videos 1-11 + - [Operating Systems and System Programming (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) + - Covers: + - Processes, Threads, Concurrency issues + - difference between processes and threads + - processes + - threads + - locks + - mutexes + - semaphores + - monitors + - how they work + - deadlock + - livelock + - CPU activity, interrupts, context switching + - Modern concurrency constructs with multicore processors + - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) + - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) + - Process resource needs (memory: code, static storage, stack, heap, and also file descriptors, i/o) + - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own pc, stack counter, registers, and stack) + - Forking is really copy on write (read-only) until the new process writes to memory, then it does a full copy. + - Context switching + - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware + - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] concurrency in Python (videos): + - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) + - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) + - [ ] [Understanding the Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) + - [reference](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) + - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) + - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) + - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) + +- ### Testing + - To cover: + - how unit testing works + - what are mock objects + - what is integration testing + - what is dependency injection + - [ ] [Agile Software Testing with James Bach (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) + - [ ] [Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) + - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant) (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) + - [slides](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) + - [ ] Dependency injection: + - [ ] [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) + - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) + - [ ] [How to write tests](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) + +- ### Scheduling + - in an OS, how it works + - can be gleaned from Operating System videos + +- ### String searching & manipulations + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/introduction-to-substring-search) + - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) + - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) + - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) + - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) + - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + + If you need more detail on this subject, see "String Matching" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) + +- ### Tries + - Note there are different kinds of tries. Some have prefixes, some don't, and some use string instead of bits + to track the path. + - I read through code, but will not implement. + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) + - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) + - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) + - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] Short course videos: + - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) + - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + +- ### Floating Point Numbers + - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + +- ### Unicode + - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + +- ### Endianness + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141940/http://www.cs.umd.edu:80/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - Very technical talk for kernel devs. Don't worry if most is over your head. + - The first half is enough. + +- ### Networking + - **if you have networking experience or want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, expect questions** + - otherwise, this is just good to know + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) + - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained! (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial. (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] Sockets: + - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) + +## System Design, Scalability, Data Handling + +**You can expect system design questions if you have 4+ years of experience.** + +- Scalability and System Design are very large topics with many topics and resources, since + there is a lot to consider when designing a software/hardware system that can scale. + Expect to spend quite a bit of time on this. +- Considerations: + - scalability + - Distill large data sets to single values + - Transform one data set to another + - Handling obscenely large amounts of data + - system design + - features sets + - interfaces + - class hierarchies + - designing a system under certain constraints + - simplicity and robustness + - tradeoffs + - performance analysis and optimization +- [ ] **START HERE**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) +- [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) +- [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) +- [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) +- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below. +- [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +- [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) +- [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) +- [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) +- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) +- [ ] Consensus Algorithms: + - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + - [ ] [Easy-to-read paper](https://raft.github.io/) + - [ ] [Infographic](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) +- [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) +- [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) +- [ ] Scalability: + - You don't need all of these. Just pick a few that interest you. + - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] Short series: + - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) + - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + - [ ] [Pragmatic Programming Techniques](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) + - [extra: Google Pregel Graph Processing](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) + - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) + - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) + - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) + - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) + - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) + - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) + - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) + - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Get In The Queue](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) + - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) + - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) + - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) + - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) + - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) + - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) + - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) + - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) + - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) + - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) + - [ ] [Cinchcast Architecture - Producing 1,500 Hours Of Audio Every Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) + - [ ] [Justin.Tv's Live Video Broadcasting Architecture](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) + - [ ] [Playfish's Social Gaming Architecture - 50 Million Monthly Users And Growing](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) + - [ ] [TripAdvisor Architecture - 40M Visitors, 200M Dynamic Page Views, 30TB Data](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) + - [ ] [PlentyOfFish Architecture](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) + - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) + - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + - [ ] See "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" way below for info on some of the technologies that can glue services together + - [ ] Twitter: + - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) + - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [Video Series](#video-series) section. +- [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: + - review: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - flow: + 1. Understand the problem and scope: + - define the use cases, with interviewer's help + - suggest additional features + - remove items that interviewer deems out of scope + - assume high availability is required, add as a use case + 2. Think about constraints: + - ask how many requests per month + - ask how many requests per second (they may volunteer it or make you do the math) + - estimate reads vs. writes percentage + - keep 80/20 rule in mind when estimating + - how much data written per second + - total storage required over 5 years + - how much data read per second + 3. Abstract design: + - layers (service, data, caching) + - infrastructure: load balancing, messaging + - rough overview of any key algorithm that drives the service + - consider bottlenecks and determine solutions + - Exercises: + - [Design a CDN network: old article](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) + - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) + - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) + - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) + - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) + +--- + +## Final Review + + This section will have shorter videos that you can watch pretty quickly to review most of the important concepts. + It's nice if you want a refresher often. + +- [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (18 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +--- + +## Coding Question Practice + +Now that you know all the computer science topics above, it's time to practice answering coding problems. + +**Coding question practice is not about memorizing answers to programming problems.** + +Why you need to practice doing programming problems: +- problem recognition, and where the right data structures and algorithms fit in +- gathering requirements for the problem +- talking your way through the problem like you will in the interview +- coding on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer +- coming up with time and space complexity for your solutions +- testing your solutions + +There is a great intro for methodical, communicative problem solving in an interview. You'll get this from the programming +interview books, too, but I found this outstanding: +[Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) + +No whiteboard at home? That makes sense. I'm a weirdo and have a big whiteboard. Instead of a whiteboard, pick up a +large drawing pad from an art store. You can sit on the couch and practice. This is my "sofa whiteboard". +I added the pen in the photo for scale. If you use a pen, you'll wish you could erase. Gets messy quick. I use a pencil +and eraser. + +![my sofa whiteboard](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) + +Supplemental: + +- [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) +- [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) +- [MIT Interview Materials](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) +- [Exercises for getting better at a given language](http://exercism.io/languages) + +**Read and Do Programming Problems (in this order):** + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) + - answers in C, C++ and Java +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - answers in Java + +See [Book List above](#book-list) + + +## Coding exercises/challenges + +Once you've learned your brains out, put those brains to work. +Take coding challenges every day, as many as you can. + +- [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) + +Coding Interview Question Videos: +- [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - Super for walkthroughs of problem solutions. +- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 Videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - Good explanations of solution and the code. + - You can watch several in a short time. +- [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) + +Challenge sites: +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) + - My favorite coding problem site. It's worth the subscription money for the 1-2 months you'll likely be preparing. + - [LeetCode solutions from FisherCoder](https://github.com/fishercoder1534/Leetcode) + - See Nick White Videos above for short code-throughs +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) +- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) + +Language-learning sites, with challenges: +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) +- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) + +Challenge repos: +- [Interactive Coding Interview Challenges in Python](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) + +Mock Interviews: +- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - I used this and it helped me relax for the phone screen and on-site interview. +- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - peer-to-peer model of practice interviews +- [Refdash: Mock interviews and expedited interviews](https://refdash.com/) - also help candidates fast track by skipping multiple interviews with tech companies. + + +## Once you're closer to the interview + +- Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (videos): + - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) + - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) + +## Your Resume + +- See Resume prep items in Cracking The Coding Interview and back of Programming Interviews Exposed + + +## Be thinking of for when the interview comes + +Think of about 20 interview questions you'll get, along with the lines of the items below. Have 2-3 answers for each. +Have a story, not just data, about something you accomplished. + +- Why do you want this job? +- What's a tough problem you've solved? +- Biggest challenges faced? +- Best/worst designs seen? +- Ideas for improving an existing product. +- How do you work best, as an individual and as part of a team? +- Which of your skills or experiences would be assets in the role and why? +- What did you most enjoy at [job x / project y]? +- What was the biggest challenge you faced at [job x / project y]? +- What was the hardest bug you faced at [job x / project y]? +- What did you learn at [job x / project y]? +- What would you have done better at [job x / project y]? + +## Have questions for the interviewer + + Some of mine (I already may know answer to but want their opinion or team perspective): + +- How large is your team? +- What does your dev cycle look like? Do you do waterfall/sprints/agile? +- Are rushes to deadlines common? Or is there flexibility? +- How are decisions made in your team? +- How many meetings do you have per week? +- Do you feel your work environment helps you concentrate? +- What are you working on? +- What do you like about it? +- What is the work life like? +- How is work/life balance? + +## Once You've Got The Job + +Congratulations! + +Keep learning. + +You're never really done. + +--- + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + + Everything below this point is optional. + By studying these, you'll get greater exposure to more CS concepts, and will be better prepared for + any software engineering job. You'll be a much more well-rounded software engineer. + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + +--- + +## Additional Books + + These are here so you can dive into a topic you find interesting. + +- [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) + - an oldie but a goodie +- [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - a modern option +- [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) +- [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - a gentle introduction to design patterns +- [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - aka the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF + - the canonical design patterns book +- [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 5th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0134277554/) +- [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - As a review and problem recognition + - The algorithm catalog portion is well beyond the scope of difficulty you'll get in an interview. + - This book has 2 parts: + - class textbook on data structures and algorithms + - pros: + - is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be + - nice stories from his experiences solving problems in industry and academia + - code examples in C + - cons: + - can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects + - chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have + - don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material. + - algorithm catalog: + - this is the real reason you buy this book. + - about to get to this part. Will update here once I've made my way through it. + - Can rent it on kindle + - Answers: + - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +- [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - The book was published in 2004, and is somewhat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief. + - The author invented [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly), so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like. + - These chapters are worth the read to give you a nice foundation: + - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation + - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations + - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation + - Chapter 5 - Character Representation + - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access + - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects + - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture + - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture + - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization +- [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) + - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently. + - aka CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game + +- [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + - For a richer, more up-to-date (2017), but longer treatment + +- [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + - The first couple of chapters present clever solutions to programming problems (some very old using data tape) but + that is just an intro. This a guidebook on program design and architecture. + +## Additional Learning + + I added them to help you become a well-rounded software engineer, and to be aware of certain + technologies and algorithms, so you'll have a bigger toolbox. + +- ### Compilers + - [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) + +- ### Emacs and vi(m) + - Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor + - vi(m): + - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) + - set of 4 videos: + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) + - [Using Vi Instead of Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) + - emacs: + - [Basics Emacs Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) + - set of 3 (videos): + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) + - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) + - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) + - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) + +- ### Unix command line tools + - I filled in the list below from good tools. + - bash + - cat + - grep + - sed + - awk + - curl or wget + - sort + - tr + - uniq + - [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + +- ### Information theory (videos) + - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - more about Markov processes: + - [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below. + +- ### Parity & Hamming Code (videos) + - [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - Hamming Code: + - [Error detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) + - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) + - [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + +- ### Entropy + - also see videos below + - make sure to watch information theory videos first + - [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + +- ### Cryptography + - also see videos below + - make sure to watch information theory videos first + - [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- ### Compression + - make sure to watch information theory videos first + - Computerphile (videos): + - [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) + +- ### Computer Security + - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- ### Garbage collection + - [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) + +- ### Parallel Programming + - [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + +- ### Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems + - [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) + - [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [Tutorials](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) + - [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) + - [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [Tutorial](http://try.redis.io/) + - [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [Get Started](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) + - [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) + - [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) + - [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + +- ### A* + - [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) + +- ### Fast Fourier Transform + - [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + +- ### Bloom Filter + - Given a Bloom filter with m bits and k hashing functions, both insertion and membership testing are O(k) + - [Bloom Filters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) + - [How To Write A Bloom Filter App](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) + +- ### HyperLogLog + - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) + +- ### Locality-Sensitive Hashing + - used to determine the similarity of documents + - the opposite of MD5 or SHA which are used to determine if 2 documents/strings are exactly the same. + - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) + +- ### van Emde Boas Trees + - [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + +- ### Augmented Data Structures + - [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) + +- ### Balanced search trees + - Know at least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented): + - "Among balanced search trees, AVL and 2/3 trees are now passé, and red-black trees seem to be more popular. + A particularly interesting self-organizing data structure is the splay tree, which uses rotations + to move any accessed key to the root." - Skiena + - Of these, I chose to implement a splay tree. From what I've read, you won't implement a + balanced search tree in your interview. But I wanted exposure to coding one up + and let's face it, splay trees are the bee's knees. I did read a lot of red-black tree code. + - splay tree: insert, search, delete functions + If you end up implementing red/black tree try just these: + - search and insertion functions, skipping delete + - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets. + - [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + + - **AVL trees** + - In practice: + From what I can tell, these aren't used much in practice, but I could see where they would be: + The AVL tree is another structure supporting O(log n) search, insertion, and removal. It is more rigidly + balanced than red–black trees, leading to slower insertion and removal but faster retrieval. This makes it + attractive for data structures that may be built once and loaded without reconstruction, such as language + dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter). + - [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + + - **Splay trees** + - In practice: + Splay trees are typically used in the implementation of caches, memory allocators, routers, garbage collectors, + data compression, ropes (replacement of string used for long text strings), in Windows NT (in the virtual memory, + networking and file system code) etc. + - [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) + - MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: + - Gets very mathy, but watch the last 10 minutes for sure. + - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) + + - **Red/black trees** + - these are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below) + - In practice: + Red–black trees offer worst-case guarantees for insertion time, deletion time, and search time. + Not only does this make them valuable in time-sensitive applications such as real-time applications, + but it makes them valuable building blocks in other data structures which provide worst-case guarantees; + for example, many data structures used in computational geometry can be based on red–black trees, and + the Completely Fair Scheduler used in current Linux kernels uses red–black trees. In the version 8 of Java, + the Collection HashMap has been modified such that instead of using a LinkedList to store identical elements with poor + hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used. + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + + - **2-3 search trees** + - In practice: + 2-3 trees have faster inserts at the expense of slower searches (since height is more compared to AVL trees). + - You would use 2-3 tree very rarely because its implementation involves different types of nodes. Instead, people use Red Black trees. + - [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + + - **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** + - In practice: + For every 2-4 tree, there are corresponding red–black trees with data elements in the same order. The insertion and deletion + operations on 2-4 trees are also equivalent to color-flipping and rotations in red–black trees. This makes 2-4 trees an + important tool for understanding the logic behind red–black trees, and this is why many introductory algorithm texts introduce + 2-4 trees just before red–black trees, even though **2-4 trees are not often used in practice**. + - [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) + - [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + + - **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** + - note: the N or K is the branching factor (max branches) + - binary trees are a 2-ary tree, with branching factor = 2 + - 2-3 trees are 3-ary + - [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + + - **B-Trees** + - fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor) + - In Practice: + B-Trees are widely used in databases. Most modern filesystems use B-trees (or Variants). In addition to + its use in databases, the B-tree is also used in filesystems to allow quick random access to an arbitrary + block in a particular file. The basic problem is turning the file block i address into a disk block + (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address. + - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [B-Tree Datastructure](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) + - [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures + - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) + + +- ### k-D Trees + - great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object + - a good fit for k-nearest neighbors + - [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + +- ### Skip lists + - "These are somewhat of a cult data structure" - Skiena + - [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + +- ### Network Flows + - [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) + - [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + +- ### Disjoint Sets & Union Find + - [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) + - [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) + +- ### Math for Fast Processing + - [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + +- ### Treap + - Combination of a binary search tree and a heap + - [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + +- ### Linear Programming (videos) + - [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) + +- ### Geometry, Convex hull (videos) + - [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + +- ### Discrete math + - see videos below + +- ### Machine Learning + - Why ML? + - [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + - [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + - [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + - [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + - [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + - [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) + - [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + - Courses: + - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) + - [videos only](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) + - see videos 12-18 for a review of linear algebra (14 and 15 are duplicates) + - [Neural Networks for Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) + - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) + - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) + - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) + - [Metis Online Course ($99 for 2 months)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) + - Resources: + - Books: + - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) + - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) + - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) + - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) + - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ + +--- + +## Additional Detail on Some Subjects + + I added these to reinforce some ideas already presented above, but didn't want to include them + above because it's just too much. It's easy to overdo it on a subject. + You want to get hired in this century, right? + +- **SOLID** + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use + - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. + - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) + + +- **Union-Find** + - [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) + +- **More Dynamic Programming** (videos) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + - [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + - [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) + +- **Advanced Graph Processing** (videos) + - [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) + +- MIT **Probability** (mathy, and go slowly, which is good for mathy things) (videos): + - [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) + +- [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) + +- **String Matching** + - Rabin-Karp (videos): + - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) + - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) + - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) + - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) + - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) + - Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): + - [TThe Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) + - Boyer–Moore string search algorithm + - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) + - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) + - [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - starts off great, but by the time it gets past KMP it gets more complicated than it needs to be + - nice explanation of tries + - can be skipped + +- **Sorting** + + - Stanford lectures on sorting: + - [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: + - [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + +## Video Series + +Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P + +- [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + +- [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) + +- [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) + +- [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) + +- [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) + +- [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) + +- [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) + +- CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) + - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) + +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) + +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + +- [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) + +- [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + +- ~~[UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~ + +- [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDSlqjcPpoL64CJdF0Qee5oWqGS6we_Yu) + +- [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) + +- [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) + +- [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) + +- [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) + +- [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + +- [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) + +- [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) + +- [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) + +- [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) + +- [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) + +- [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) + - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) + +- [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) + +- [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) + +## Computer Science Courses + +- [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) +- [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) + +## Papers + +- [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) +- [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) +- [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - replaced by Colossus in 2012 +- [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow? +- [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) + - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) +- [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) +- [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) + - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution +- [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) +- [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) +- [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) +- [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) + - paper not available +- 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: + - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) +- 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: + - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) +- [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) +- [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +- [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +- [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) +- [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +- [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) + + +## LICENSE + +[CC-BY-SA-4.0](./LICENSE.txt) diff --git a/translations/README-uz.md b/translations/README-uz.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2270a31 --- /dev/null +++ b/translations/README-uz.md @@ -0,0 +1,2010 @@ +# Coding Interview University + +Asl versiyasi: [Inglizcha](../README.md) + +> Dastlab men bu proyektni dasturchi (software engineer) bo'lish uchun o'qish kerak bo'lgan mavzularning qisqacha ro'yxati sifatida yaratdim, +> ammo bu proyekt bugun siz ko'rib turgan katta ro'yxatga aylandi. Ushbu o'quv rejasidan o'tib, [men Amazon-ga dasturchi sifatida ishga yollandim](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! +> Ehtimol, menga o'xshab o'qishingizga to'g'ri kelmaydi. Baribir sizga kerak bo'lgan hamma narsa shu yerda. +> +> Bir necha oy davomida kuniga taxminan 8-12 soat o'qidim. Bu mening hikoyam: [Nega men Google-da intervyudan o'tish uchun 8 oy davomida kechayu kunduz o'qidim?](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) +> +> Bu yerda keltirilgan narsalar sizni har qanday dasturiy ta'minot kompaniyalari, shu jumladan gigantlar: Amazon, Facebook, Google va Microsoft-da o'tkaziladigan texnik suhbatga yaxshi tayyorlaydi. +> +> *Sizga omad tilayman!* + +
+
+

+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

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+ Special thanks to: +

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+ Applying to jobs? Autofill all your applications in 1-click. +

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+ Stop manually re-entering your information. Simplify’s extension helps you autofill jobs & internship applications on millions of sites. +
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+ Founded in 2018, OSS Capital is the first and only venture capital platform focused
exclusively on supporting early-stage COSS (commercial open source) startup founders. +
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+ Dev environments built for the cloud +

+
+
+ Natively integrated with GitLab, GitHub, and Bitbucket, Gitpod automatically and continuously prebuilds dev environments for all your branches. As a result team members can instantly start coding with fresh dev environments for each new task - no matter if you are building a new feature, want to fix a bug, or work on a code review. +
+ +

+
+
+ +## Bu nima uchun kerak? + +Bu mening web dasturchi (web developer) darajasidan katta kompaniyada ishlaydigan dastur injineri (software engineer) darajasiga chiqish uchun qilgan ko'p oylik o'qish rejam. + +![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) + +Bu proyekt **yangi dasturchi injinerlar** uchun juda foydali. Va yana, oddiy programmistlikdan (masalan web yoki mobildan) dasturiy injinerlikka (dastur injinerlaridan computer science bilimlari talab qilinadi) o'tmoqchi bo'lganlar uchun foydali. + + +Agar sizda dasturchilik bo'yicha ko'p yillik tajribangiz bo'lsa, shuni bilingki: Google, Amazon, Facebook, va Microsoftga o'xshagan katta kompaniyalar dasturiy injinerlikni (software engineer) oddiy dasturchilik (software/web developer) dan farqli deb ko'radi va ular computer science bilimini talab qiladi. + + +Agar siz reliability engineer yoki operations engineer bo'lmoqchi bo'lsangiz, unda siz ixtiyoriy ro'yxatdan ko'proq o'qing (networking, xavfsizlik va boshqalar). +--- + +## Mundarija + +- [Bu nima uchun kerak?](#bu-nima-uchun-kerak) +- [Nima uchun foydali?](#nima-uchun-foydali) +- [Qanday foydalanish kerak?](#qanday-foydalanish-kerak) +- [O'zingizni omadsiz deb hisoblamang](#ozingizni-omadsiz-deb-hisoblamang) +- [Video qo'llanmalar haqida](#video-qollanmalar-haqida) +- [Suhbat jarayoni va intervyuga tayyorgarlik](#suhbat-jarayoni-va-intervyuga-tayyorgarlik) +- [Intervyu uchun bitta dasturlash tilini tanlang](#intervyu-uchun-bitta-dasturlash-tilini-tanlang) +- [Kitoblar ro'yxati](#kitoblar-royxati) +- [O'rganishni boshlashdan oldin](#organishni-boshlashdan-oldin) +- [Bu proyekt nimalarni o'z ichiga olmaydi](#bu-proyekt-nimalarni-oz-ichiga-olmaydi) +- [Kunlik reja](#kunlik-reja) +- [Oldindan nima bilish kerak](#oldindan-nima-bilish-kerak) +- [Algoritmik murakkablik / Big-O / Asimtotik tahlil](#algoritmik-murakkablik--big-o--asimtotik-tahlil) +- [Ma'lumotlar tuzilmasi (Data structures)](#malumotlar-tuzilmasi-data-structures) + - [Massivlar](#massivlar) + - [Linked Lists (O'zaro bog'langan ro'yxatlar)](#linked-lists-ozaro-boglangan-royxatlar) + - [Stack](#stack) + - [Queue](#queue) + - [Hash table](#hash-table) +- [Qo'shimcha bilimlar](#qoshimcha-bilimlar) + - [Binary search](#binary-search) + - [Bitwise operatsiyalari](#bitwise-operatsiyalari) +- [Trees (daraxtlar)](#trees-daraxtlar) + - [Trees - Eslatmalar & Kelib chiqishi](#trees---eslatmalar--kelib-chiqishi) + - [Binary search tree-lar: BST-lar](#binary-search-tree-lar-bst-lar) + - [Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) + - balanslangan search tree-lar (umumiy tushuncha) + - traversals: preorder, inorder, postorder, BFS, DFS +- [Sorting (Saralash)](#sorting-saralash) + - selection + - insertion + - heapsort + - quicksort + - merge sort +- [Graflar](#graflar) + - directed + - undirected + - adjacency matrix + - adjacency list + - traversals: BFS, DFS +- [Yanada ko'proq bilim](#yanada-koproq-bilim) + - [Rekursiya](#rekursiya) + - [Dinamik dasturlash (Dynamic Programming)](#dinamik-dasturlash-dynamic-programming) + - [Object-Oriented Programming](#object-oriented-programming) + - [Dizayn patternlar](#dizayn-patternlar) + - [Kombinatorikalar & Ehtimollik nazariyasi](#kombinatorikalar--ehtimollik-nazariyasi) + - [NP-NP to'liq va taxminiy algoritmlari](#np-np-toliq-va-taxminiy-algoritmlari) + - [Keshlar](#keshlar) + - [Process-lar va Thread-lar](#process-lar-va-thread-lar) + - [Testlash (Testing)](#testlash-testing) + - [Scheduling](#scheduling) + - [Stringni izlash va manipulyatsiyalar](#stringni-izlash-va-manipulyatsiyalar) + - [Trie-lar](#trie-lar) + - [Floating Point Numbers](#floating-point-numbers) + - [Unicode](#unicode) + - [Endianness](#endianness) + - [Networking](#networking) +- [Tizim Dizayni, Scalability, Ma'lumotlar bilan ishlash](#tizim-dizayni-scalability-malumotlar-bilan-ishlash) (agar sizda 4+ yillik tajriba bo'lsa) +- [Yakuniy tahlil](#yakuniy-tahlil) +- [Coding bo'yicha savollar ustida ishlash](#coding-boyicha-savollar-ustida-ishlash) +- [Coding mashqlar/savollar](#coding-mashqlarsavollar) +- [Intervyuga yaqin kelganingizda](#intervyuga-yaqin-kelganingizda) +- [Sizni rezyumeingiz](#sizni-rezyumeingiz) +- [Intervyuga yaqin kelganda quyidagilar haqida o'ylab yuring](#intervyuga-yaqin-kelganda-quyidagilar-haqida-oylab-yuring) +- [Intervyuver uchun savollaringizni tayyorlab qo'ying](#intervyuver-uchun-savollaringizni-tayyorlab-qoying) +- [Ishga qabul qilinganingizdan so'ng](#ishga-qabul-qilinganingizdan-song) + +---------------- Quyidagilar ixtiyoriy ---------------- + +## Qo'shimcha manbalar + +- [Qo'shimcha kitoblar](#qoshimcha-kitoblar) +- [Qo'shimcha o'rganish](#qoshimcha-organish) + - [Kompilyatorlar](#kompilyatorlar) + - [Emacs va vi(m)](#emacs-va-vim) + - [Unix uchun buyruqlar ro'yxati](#unix-uchun-buyruqlar-royxati) + - [Ma'lumot nazariyasi](#malumot-nazariyasi-videolar) + - [Parity va "Hamming Code"](#parity-va-hamming-code-videolar) + - [Entropiya](#entropiya) + - [Kriptografiya](#kriptografiya) + - [Kompressiya](#kompressiya) + - [Kompyuter xavfsizligi](#kompyuter-xavfsizligi) + - [Chiqindi yig'ish (Garbage collection)](#chiqindi-yigish-garbage-collection) + - [Paralel dasturlash](#paralel-dasturlash) + - [Xabar almashish, Serializatsiya, va Queue Tizimlar](#xabar-almashish-serializatsiya-va-queue-tizimlar) + - [A*](#a) + - [Fast Fourier Transform](#fast-fourier-transform) + - [Bloom Filter](#bloom-filter) + - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) + - [Locality-Sensitive Hashlash](#locality-sensitive-hashlash) + - [van Emde Boas Tree-lari](#van-emde-boas-tree-lari) + - [Kattalashtirilgan Data Strukturalari](#kattalashtirilgan-data-strukturalari) + - [Balanced search tree-lar](#balanced-search-tree-lar) + - AVL tree-lar + - Splay tree-lar + - Red/black tree-lar + - 2-3 search tree-lar + - 2-3-4 Tree-lar (shuningdek 2-4 tree nomi bilan tanilgan) + - N-talik (K-talik, M-talik) tree-lar + - B-Tree-lar + - [k-D Tree-lar](#k-d-tree-lar) + - [Skip listlar](#skip-listlar) + - [Network Flow](#network-flow) + - [Disjoint Set & Union Find](#disjoint-set--union-find) + - [Tez hisoblash uchun matematika](#tez-hisoblash-uchun-matematika) + - [Treap](#treap) + - [Linear Programming](#linear-programming-videolar) + - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull-videolar) + - [Diskret matematika](#diskret-matematika) + - [Machine Learning](#machine-learning) +- [Ba'zi mavzular bo'yicha qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar](#bazi-mavzular-boyicha-qoshimcha-malumotlar) +- [Video Seriyalar](#video-seriyalar) +- [Computer Science Kurslari](#computer-science-kurslari) +- [Maqolalar](#maqolalar) + +--- + +## Nima uchun foydali? + +Ushbu loyihani boshlaganimda, men stack bilan heap-ni farqini bilmas edim, +Big-O ni nimaligini bilmas edim, tree-lar yoki graph-lar haqida hech qanday tushunchaga +ega emas edim. Agar tartiblash algoritmini (sorting) yozishni so'rashganda, aniq qovun tushirgan +bo'lar edim. Umrimda ishlatgan data strukturalarni hammasini tayyor holda ishlatganman +(built-in library) va ularning asosida nimalar yotishini umuman bilmas edim. +Juda ko'p kod yozgan bo'lsamda, lekin men hech qachon qandaydir data strukturani noldan yozmaganman. + +Bu uzoq vaqt talab qiladigan jarayon bo’lib, sizga bir necha oy kerak bo'lishi mumkin. +Agar siz allaqachon bu narsalarni ko'pini bilsangiz, bu resurslar sizni ko'p vaqtingizni olmaydi. + +## Qanday foydalanish kerak? + +Quyida foydalanish qoidalari berilgan bo'lib, bosqichlarni yuqoridan pastga tartibda bajarishingiz kerak. + +Men natijalarni kuzatish uchun vazifalar ro'yxatini o'z ichiga olgan Github markup-idan foydalanmoqdaman. + +**Bu kabi elementlarni tekshirishingiz uchun yangi "branch" yarating, so'ngra shunchaki qavs ichiga x qo'shib, ro'yxat elementlarini belgilashingiz mumkin: [x]** + + Branch-ni o'zingizga fork qiling va quyidagi buyruqlarni ketma-ketlikda bajaring: + +Ulash uchun https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university havola(link) ga o'ting va "Fork" tugmasini bosing + + Shaxsiy(local) repo-ga ko'chirib oling + +`git clone git@github.com:/coding-interview-university.git` + +`git checkout -b progress` + +`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` + +`git fetch --all` + + O'zgarishlaringizni tugatganingizdan so'ng barcha qismlarni X bilan belgilang + +`git add .` + +`git commit -m "Marked x"` + +`git rebase jwasham/main` + +`git push --set-upstream origin progress` + +`git push --force` + +[Github-flavored markdown-haqida ko'proq ma'lumot](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) + + +## O'zingizni omadsiz deb hisoblamang + +- Omadli dasturchilar aqlli, ammo ularning ko'pchiliklari o'zlarini yetarlicha aqlli deb hisoblashmaydi. +- [Daho dasturchining afsonasi](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +- [Yolg'iz qolish xavfli: Texnologiyada ko'rinmas monsterlarga qarshi kurash](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) + +## Video qo'llanmalar haqida + + +Ba'zi video darsliklarni faqat Coursera yoki EdX platformalari orqali ro'yxatdan o'tgan holda olish mumkin. +Ular MOOC (ommaviy ochiq onlayn kurs) deb nomlanadi. +Ba'zan darslar sessiyada bo'lmaganligi sababli siz bir necha oy kutishingizga to'g'ri keladi. + + Bepul va har doim ham ochiq ommaviy manbalarni yaratishda o'z hissangizni qo'shishingizni xohlagan bo'lar edim. + Bu manbalar Youtube dagi video darsliklar ham bo'lishi mumkin. Masalan menga universitet + ma'ruzalaridan foydalanish yoqadi. + + +## Suhbat jarayoni va intervyuga tayyorgarlik + +- [ ] [2021 yilda injinerlik suhbatidan qanday o'tish mumkin?](https://davidbyttow.medium.com/how-to-pass-the-engineering-interview-in-2021-45f1b389a1) +- [ ] [Doskada kodlash(Whiteboarding)](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) +- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] Qanday qilib "Big 4" kompaniyalariga ishga kirish mumkin: + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4.1 (Follow-up video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6790FVXWBw8&feature=youtu.be) +- [ ] Coding intervyuga tayyorlanish, to'plam 1: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] Facebook Coding Intervyusiga tayyorlanish: + - [ ] [The Approach](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCl9kvQGHPI) + - [ ] [Problem Walkthrough](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UWDyJq8jZg) +- [ ] Tayyorlanish uchun kurslar: + - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): + - Google-ning sobiq interviewer-dan "software engineer" suhbatlariga qanday tayyorlanishni o'rganing. + - [ ] [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - Ma'lumotlar tuzilmalari, algoritmlari, mock intervyular va boshqa ko'p ma'lumotlarni o'z ichiga oladigan Python markaziy intervyuga tayyorlash kursi + - [ ] [Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms using Python (Udacity free course)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513): + - Python-da ma'lumotlar tuzilmasi va algoritmlar haqida tekin kurs: + - [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms Nanodegree! (Udacity paid Nanodegree)](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-nanodegree--nd256): + - 100 dan ortiq ma'lumotlar tuzilmalari va algoritmlarga oid mashqlari bilan amaliy mashg'ulotlarni olib boring va sizni intervyu jarayoniga tayyorlanishingizga yordam beradigan maxsus mentordan ko'rsatma oling. + - [ ] [Grokking the Behavioral Interview (Educative free course)](https://www.educative.io/courses/grokking-the-behavioral-interview): + - Ko'pincha orzuyingizdagi ish joyiga intervyudan o'tishingizda faqat texnik salohiyatingiz emas balki o'zingizni qanday tuta olishingiz, xulqingiz ham katta ahamiyatga ega. + +## Intervyu uchun bitta dasturlash tilini tanlang + +Intervyuning kodlash qismini bajarish uchun o'zingizga qulay bo'lgan dasturlash tilidan foydalanishingiz mumkin, +lekin yirik kompaniyalar quyida berilgan tillarning biridan foydalanishni talab qilishlari mumkin: + +- C++ +- Java +- Python + +Shuningdek quyidagilarni ham ishlatishingiz mumkin: + +- JavaScript +- Ruby + +Quyida intervyu uchun dasturlash tilini tanlash haqida yozgan maqolam: [Pick One Language for the Coding Interview](https://startupnextdoor.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-coding-interview/). + +Siz intervyu uchun tanlagan dasturlash tilida erkin kod yoza oladigan va o'z bilimingizga ega bo'lishingiz kerak. + +To'g'ri tanlov haqida ko'proq o'qishingiz uchun manbalar: +- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ +- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ + +[Dasturlash tillari bo'yicha manbalar](programming-language-resources.md) + +Quyida berilgan kitoblar ro'yxatida o'zim o'rganayotgan C, C++, va Python ga oid manbalarni ko'rishingiz mumkin. + +## Kitoblar ro'yxati + +Bu sizning vaqtingizni tejash uchun men ishlatgan kitoblar ro'yxatining qisqartirilgan ko'rinishi. + +### Intervyuga tayyorlanish + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) + - Javoblar (C++ va Java) + - "Cracking the Coding Interview" kitobini boshlashdan oldin tayyorlanish uchun juda yaxshi manba + - Juda murakkab emas, hattoki masalalarning ko'pchiligi intervyuda uchraydigan masalalardan osonroq. +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - Java dasturlash tilida javoblar + +### Agar sizda bo'sh vaqtingiz ko'p bo'lsa: + +Quyidagi kitoblardan birini tanlashingiz mumkin: + +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Python-Insiders/dp/1537713949/) +- [ ] Elements of Programming Interviews (Java versiyasi) + - [book](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) + +### Dasturlash tiliga oid + +**Yuqorida aytilganidek siz intervyu uchun bitta dasturlash tilini tanlashingiz kerak** + +Mening tilga oid tavsiyalarim. Menda barcha tillar uchun resurslar yo'q shuning uchun sizda qo'shimcha ma'lumot bo'lsa tavsiya qilishingiz mumkin. +Agar siz bulardan birini o'qib chiqsangiz, masalalarni yechishda kerak bo'lgan barcha data strukturalar va algoritmlari bo'yicha bilimlarga ega bo'lishingiz kerak. +**Loyihadagi video resurslarni o'tkazib yuborishingiz mumkin**, agar ko'rib chiqishni xohlamasangiz. + +[Tilga oid qo'shimcha resurslar.](programming-language-resources.md) + +### C++ + +Men bularning ikkitasini o'qimaganman, lekin ular yuqori baholangan va Sedgewick tomonidan yozilgan. Sedgewick aka zo'rlar :) + +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) +- [ ] [Open Data Structures in C++](https://opendatastructures.org/ods-cpp.pdf) + - Ma'lumotlar tuzilmasi va algoritmlarga oid boy va batafsil to'plam + - Birinchi marta boshlayotganlar uchun juda mos + +Agar sizda C++ bo'yicha yaxshiroq tavsiyalaringiz bo'lsa iltimos biz bilan baham ko'ring. + +### Java + +- [ ] [Algoritmlar (Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - Coursera dagi kitob tarkibi bilan videolar (va Sedgewick!): + - [Algoritmlar I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) + - [Algoritmlar II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +Yoki: + +- [ ] [Java da ma'lumotlar tuzilmasi va algoritmlar](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) + - Goodrich, Tamassia, va Goldwasser tomonidan yozilgan + - UC Berkeley-dagi CS(Computer Science) kirish kursi uchun qo'shimcha kitob sifatida ishlatiladi + - Quyida Python dasturlash kitobi uchun men qoldirgan izohlar bu kitobga ham tegishli. + +### Python + +- [ ] [Python da ma'lumotlar tuzilmasi va algoritmlar](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - Goodrich, Tamassia, va Goldwasser tomonidan yozilgan + - Menga bu kitob juda yoqdi. Bu juda ko'p ma'lumotlarni o'z ichiga olgan. + - Pythonic kod + - Mening bu kitob haqidagi izohim: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ +- [ ] [Python da Open Data strukturalari](https://opendatastructures.org/ods-python.pdf) + +## O'rganishni boshlashdan oldin + +Mazkur ro'yxat bir necha oylar davomida shakllanganligi sababli biroz qo'ldan chiqdi. +Bu yerda men ba'zi yo'l qo'ygan xatoliklar bor, bu esa sizlarga yaxshiroq tajriba orttirishingizga yordam beradi. + +### 1. Bularning barchasini eslab qolmaysiz + +Men soatlab videolar ko'rardim va eslatmalar yozib qo'yar edim, va bir necha oydan so'ng hammasini eslab qola olmas edim. +Men yozib olgan eslatmalarim va fleshkartalarim yordamida takrorlab chiqishim uchun 3 kun sarfladim. + +Men qilgan xatolarni siz ham takrorlamasligingiz uchun iltimos o'qib chiqing: + +[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/). + +Menga tavsiya qilingan kurs (shaxsan o'zim ko'rib chiqmaganman): [Learning how to Learn](https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn). + +### 2. Fleshkartalar(kartochkalar) ishlating + +Muammoni yechish uchun, men fleshkartalar uchun sayt yaratdim, u yerga 2 turdagi fleshkartalar joylanadi: umumiy eslatmalar va kod. +Har bir karta o'z formatiga ega. + +Vebsaytdan telefon yoki tabletdan ham xohlagan joyda foydalana olishim uchun mobil telefonga moslangan sayt yaratdim. + +O'zingizni saytingizni ham tekinga yarating: + +- [Fleshkartalar sayti uchun repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) +- [Mening fleshkartalarim bazasi (eski versiya - 1200 ta kartalar)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): +- [Mening fleshkartalarim bazasi(yangi versiya - 1800 ta kartalar)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): + +Yodingizda bo'lsin, menda assembly language va Python triviyalaridan tortib, machine learning va statistikani o'z ichiga olgan kartalarim bor. Bu esa talab qilinadigan narsalardan ham ko'p hisoblanadi. +(Ya'ni bularning barchasini siz bir vaqtda o'zlashtirgan bo'lishingiz shart emas) + +**Fleshkartalardagi eslatmalar :** Birinchi marta fleshkartadagi javobni topa olganingizda uni o'zlashtirilganlar qatoriga qo'shmang. Aksincha huddi shu kartani +ajratib qo'ying va bir necha marta javob bering toki haqiqatdan ham javobni anglab yetguningizgacha. +Takrorlash natijasida ma'lumot miyangizga chuqurroq joylashadi. + + +Fleshkartalar uchun bir necha marta menga tavsiya qilingan alternativ vebsayt [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/). +Bu sizning eslab qolishingizga yordam berish uchun takrorlash sistemasini ishlatadi. +Buni ishlatish qulay va barcha platformalarda mavjud va cloud bilan sinxronizatsiya qilingan. iOS platformalari uchun narxi $25, lekin boshqa platformalar uchun tekin. + +Anki formatidagi mening fleshkartalarim bazasi: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 ([@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya) ga tashakkur). + +### 3. Ma'lumotlar tuzilmalari va algoritmlarini o'rganish jarayonida coding intervyu savollariga javob topishni boshlang. + +O'rganayotgan narsalaringizni masalalar yechishda qo'llab ketishingiz kerak, +aks holda o'rganganlaringizni tez unutishingiz mumkin. +Shaxsan menda shunday bo'lgan. Biror bir mavzuni masalan bog'langan ro'yxatlar (linked lists) ga oid mavzuni +o'rganganingizdan keyin agar o'zingizni shu mavzuda erkin +his qilishni boshlasangiz coding intervyu kitoblaridan linked list ga oid masala yechishga urinib ko'ring. +So'ng, keyingi mavzuga o'ting. Bir qancha vaqtdan keyin yana ortga qaytib linked listga yoki +rekursiyaga oid masala yeching. Asosiysi o'rganish jarayonida ko'proq masalalarni yechishda davom eting. +Sizni ishga bilimingiz uchun emas, bilimingizni qo'llay olishingiz uchun qabul qilishadi. +Men sizlarga tavsiya qiladigan kitoblar va saytlar bor. +Ko'proq ko'rish uchun havolaga o'ting: [Coding bo'yicha savollar ustida ishlash](#coding-boyicha-savollar-ustida-ishlash). + +### 4. Takrorlang, takrorlang va yana takrorlang + +Menda ASCII, OSI stack, Big-O notations va boshqa mavzularda eslatma varaqlarim bor. +Ularni biroz bo'sh vaqtim bo'lganda o'rganaman. + +Masalalar yechish jarayonida biroz tanaffus oling va o'zingizni fleshkartalaringizni takrorlab chiqing. + +### 5. Diqqatingizni bir joyga jamlang + +Atrofimizda juda ko'p narsalar bizni chalg'itib qo'yadi va qimmatli vaqtimizni oladi. +Shuning uchun diqqatni jamlash va konsentratsiya qilish oson emas. Buning bir usuli, +matnsiz biron musiqa tinglang, bu esa diqqatingizni jamlashingizga yordam beradi. + +## Bu proyekt nimalarni o'z ichiga olmaydi + +Bular keng tarqalgan texnologiyalar lekin bu proyekt ularni o'z ichiga olmaydi: + +- SQL +- Javascript +- HTML, CSS, va boshqa front-end texnologiyalar + +## Kunlik reja + +Bazi mavzular bir kun oladi, va bazilariga bir necha kunlar kerak bo'ladi. Bazilari faqat o'rganish, kod yozish kerak emas. + +Har kuni bitta mavzu olib, videolarini ko'rib, quyidagi tillarda kodda yozib chiqaman: +- C - struct-lardan va struct * oladigan funksiyalarni ishlatgan holda +- C++ - built-in tiplarni ishlatmagan holda +- C++ - built-in tiplarni ishlatgan holda, masalan STL-ning std::list +- Python - built-in tiplarni ishlatgan holda (Python-ni mashq qilish uchun) +- va testlar yozgan holda (oddiy assert() ishlatib) +- siz Java yoki boshqa tilda qilishingiz mumkin + +Sizga bularni hammasi kerak emas. Intervyu uchun sizga [faqat bitta til](#intervyu-uchun-bitta-dasturlash-tilini-tanlang) kerak. + +Nega turlicha yozish kerak? +- Mashq, mashq, mashq, ko'nglim ayniguncha. Shunda muammosiz tushimda ham qila olaman. +- Past darajada (low level) yoza olish uchun (masalan, garbage collection ishlatmagan holda) +- Har kunlik ishda built-in tiplardan bemalol foydalana olish uchun (production-da array listni yoki linked listni boshidan yozib o'tirmaymanku) + +Har bir mavzuni tepadagi tarzda o'qiyolmasligim mumkin, lekin harakat qilaman. + +Meni kodlarimni bu yerda ko'rishingiz mumkin: + - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + +Har bir algoritmni ikr-chikirini eslab qolishingiz shart emas. + +Birinchi kodizni doskada yoki qog'ozda yozing, kompyuterda emas. Og'zaki test qiling. Keyin kompyuterda yozib test qiling. + +## Oldindan nima bilish kerak + +- [ ] **C ni o'rganing** + - C hamma yoqda. Siz C da yozilgan namuna kodlarni kitoblarda, ma'ruzalarda, videolarda, hamma yoqda uchratasiz + - [ ] [The C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - Bu qisqacha kitob, lekin C ni sizga ancha o'rgatadi va agar ozgina mashq qilsangiz tezda mohir bo'lib ketasiz. + C ni tushunish - dasturlar va xotira qanday ishlashini tushunishga yordam beradi + - [Savollarga javoblar](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) + +- [ ] **Kompyuterlar dasturni qanday boshqarishadi** + - [ ] [How CPU executes a program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) + - [ ] [How computers calculate - ALU (video)](https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA) + - [ ] [Registers and RAM (video)](https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU) + - [ ] [The Central Processing Unit (CPU) (video)](https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60) + - [ ] [Instructions and Programs (video)](https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k) + +## Algoritmik murakkablik / Big-O / Asimtotik tahlil + +- Kodda yozadigan narsa yo'q +- Bu yerda ko'p videolar bor. Tushunguningizgacha ko'ring. Har doim qayta ko'rib chiqishingiz mumkin. +- Agar bazi ma'ruzalarda murakkab matematika ishlatilsa, pastgi qismga tushib diskret matematika videolarini ko'rib chiqishingiz mumkin +- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [Big O Notations (umumiy qisqacha tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - eng yaxshi matematik tushuntirish (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] Skiena: + - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [slaydlar](https://archive.org/details/lecture2_202008) +- [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) +- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/orders-of-growth-6PKkX) +- [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/asymptotics-bXAtM) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_ca3e7UVmeUc) +- [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithmic-thinking-1/illustrating-big-o-YVqzv) +- [ ] TopCoder (recurrence relation-larni va master teoremani o'z ichiga oladi): + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) +- [ ] [Cheat varaq](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) + +## Ma'lumotlar tuzilmasi (Data structures) + +- ### Massivlar + - Avtomatik ravishda o'lchamlarini o'zgartiradigan vektorni amalga oshirish. + - [ ] Tavsif: + - [Massivlar (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/arrays-OsBSF) + - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Chiziqli va ko'p o'lchovli massivlar(video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (15:32 sekunddan boshlab ko'rishni boshlang) + - [Dinamik massivlar (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/dynamic-arrays-EwbnV) + - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [ ] Vektorni bajaring (o'lchamini o'zgartiradigan massiv): + - [ ] Massivlar va ko'rsatgichlar(pointerlar) yordamida kod yozishni mashq qiling va massivning indeksiga o'tish uchun indeks o'rniga pointer matematikasini ishlating. + - [ ] Massivimiz elementlarini ushlab turadigan ichki (private) massiv + - int massivni elementlarni saqlash uchun ishlatsak bo'ladi, faqat uning xususiyatlaridan foydalanmaslik kerak + - 16 dan boshlang, agar boshlanayotgan son kattaroq bo'lsa 2 ning darajalarini ishlating(2 - 16, 32, 64, 128) + - [ ] size() - massivdagi elementlar soni + - [ ] capacity() - massiv o'z ichiga olishi mumkin bo'lgan elementlar soni + - [ ] is_empty() - massiv bo'sh yoki yo'qligini tekshirish + - [ ] at(index) - ko'rsatilgan indeksdagi massiv elementini qaytaradi. + Agar berilgan index massiv indekslaridan tashqarida bo'lsa xatolik qaytaradi. + - [ ] push(item) + - [ ] insert(index, item) - ko'rsatilgan indeksga elementni qo'shadi, indeksdagi eski element(lar)ni esa o'zidan o'ngga ko'chiradi + - [ ] prepend(item) - Massivning birinchi elementidan oldin yangi element qo'shish + - [ ] pop() - Massivning oxirgi elementini o'chiradi va o'chirilgan elementni qaytaradi. + - [ ] delete(index) - Massiv elementini index bo'yicha o'chiradi, Qolgan elementlar chapga ko'chiriladi + - [ ] remove(item) - Berilgan qiymatni izlaydi va shu qiymatga ega index-larni barchasini o'chiradi + - [ ] find(item) - Berilgan qiymatni izlaydi va shu qiymatga ega birinchi index-ni qaytaradi, agar topilmasa -1 qaytaradi + - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private function + - Massiv hajmi to'lganda, uni ikki baravar oshirish uchun o'lchamini o'zgartiring + - Massivda element olib tashlanganda, agar hajmi umumiy hajmning 1/4 ga teng bo'lsa, hajmini yarimiga o'zgartiring + - [ ] Ish vaqt xarajati (Time) + - O(1) Oxiriga qo'shish yoki olib tashlash (ko'proq joy ajratish uchun amortizatsiya qilingan), index, yoki o'zgartirish + - O(n) boshqa joyga qo'shish yoki olib tashlash + - [ ] Ish joy xarajati (Space) + - elementlar xotirada yonma yon joylashgan, shuning uchun yaqinlik yordam beradi + - bo'sh joy kerak = (massiv hajmi >= n) * element hajmi, agar 2n bo'lsa ham O(n) hisoblanadi + +- ### Linked Lists (O'zaro bog'langan ro'yxatlar) + - [ ] Tavsif: + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) + - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) + - butun videoni ko'rmang, Node struct va xotira ajratish (memory allocation) qismlarini ko'ring + - [ ] Linked List va Array(massiv)lar: + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9) + - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd) + - [ ] [nega linked list-dan foydalanmaganingiz maqul (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [ ] Yodda tuting: siz "pointer to pointer" nimaligini tushuningiz kerak: + (funksiyaga pointer berilganda, funksiya pointer ko'rsatib turgan adresni o'zgartirishi mumkin) + Bu sahifa "pointer to pointer" ni tushinish uchun foydali. Lekin bunday list traversal stilini tavsiya etmayman chunki kodni o'qish va uni maintain qilish qiyin. + - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) + - [ ] Kodda yozaman (tail pointer va tail pointer-siz): + - [ ] size() - listdagi elementlar sonini qaytaradi + - [ ] empty() - agar list bo'sh bo'lsa true qaytaradi + - [ ] value_at(index) - n-inchi elementning qiymatini qaytaradi (0 dan boshlab) + - [ ] push_front(value) - listning boshiga element qo'shadi + - [ ] pop_front() - birinchi elementni olib tashlab va uni qiymatini qaytaradi + - [ ] push_back(value) - oxiriga element qo'shadi + - [ ] pop_back() - oxirgi elementni olib tashlab va uni qiymatini qaytaradi + - [ ] front() - birinchi elementni qiymatini qaytaradi + - [ ] back() - oxirgi elementni qiymatini qaytaradi + - [ ] insert(index, value) - index-ni joyiga value-ni joylashtiradi + - [ ] erase(index) - index joyida turgan elementni o'chirib tashlaydi + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - oxiridan sanaganda n-inchi elementni qiymatini qaytaradi + - [ ] reverse() - listni teskari safga qo'yadi + - [ ] remove_value(value) - value qiymatiga ega bo'lgan birinchi elementni o'chirib tashlaydi + - [ ] Doubly-linked List + - [Tavsif (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/doubly-linked-lists-jpGKD) + - Kodda yozish shart emas + +- ### Stack + - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ) + - [ ] Kodda yozmayman. Massivda stackni yaratish juda oson. + +- ### Queue + - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq) + - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] linked-list dan foydalangan holda kodda yozaman (tail pointer bilan): + - enqueue(value) - qiymatni queue-ni oxiriga qo'yadi + - dequeue() - queue-ni boshidagi elementni o'chirib uni qiymatini qaytaradi + - empty() + - [ ] belgilangan o'lchamli massivdan foydalangan holda kodda yozaman: + - enqueue(value) - mavjud xotirani oxiriga qiymatni qo'yadi + - dequeue() - queue-ni boshidagi elementni o'chirib uni qiymatini qaytaradi + - empty() + - full() + - [ ] Ish xarajati: + - queue uchun linked-list ishlatib, list boshiga enqueue qilish va oxiridan dequeue qilish - bu yomon yondashuv. Chunki har safar dequeue qilinganda O(n) vaqt ketadi + - enqueue: O(1) (amortized, linked list va massiv [probing]) + - dequeue: O(1) (linked list va massiv) + - empty: O(1) (linked list va massiv) + +- ### Hash table + - [ ] Videolar: + - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + + - [ ] Onlayn kurslar: + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP) + - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4) + - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/phone-book-problem-NYZZP) + - [ ] tarqatilgan (distributed) hash table: + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox-DvaIb) + - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/distributed-hash-tables-tvH8H) + + - [ ] 'Linear probing' ishlatgan holda amalga oshirish (massiv bilan) + - hash(k, m) - m bu hash table-ning o'lchami + - add(key, value) - agar key mavjud bo'lsa, qiymatini yangilaydi + - exists(key) + - get(key) + - remove(key) + +## Qo'shimcha bilimlar + +- ### Binary search + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + - [ ] [batafsil](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] Kodda yozish: + - binary search (tartiblangan integer massivlarida) + - rekursiv binary search + +- ### Bitwise operatsiyalari + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - siz ikkining ko'p darajalarini bilishingiz kerak (2^1 dan 2^16 gacha va 2^32) + - [ ] Quyidagi operatorlar bilan bitlarni bo'shqarishni yaxshi bilishingiz kerak: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << + - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) + - [ ] Yaxshi kirish: + [Bit Manipulation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) + - [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) + - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) + - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) + - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] [Bit Hacks (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZusiKXcz_ac) + - [ ] [Practice Operations](https://pconrad.github.io/old_pconrad_cs16/topics/bitOps/) + - [ ] 2 va 1 ning komplementlari + - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) + - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) + - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) + - [ ] 1ga teng bo'lgan bitlarni sanash + - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) + - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) + - [ ] Qiymatlarni almashtirish: + - [Swap](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + - [ ] Absolyut qiymat: + - [Absolute Integer](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) + +## Trees (daraxtlar) + +- ### Trees - Eslatmalar & Kelib chiqishi + - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/trees-95qda) + - tree-ning asosiy tuzilmasi + - traversal (o'tish) + - manipulyatsiya algoritmlari + - [ ] [BFS(breadth-first search) va DFS(depth-first search) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM) + - BFS eslatmalari: + - level order (BFS, queue ishlatgan holda) + - ish vaqti xarajati (time complexity): O(n) + - ish joyi xarajati (space complexity): eng yaxshisi: O(1), eng yomoni: O(n/2)=O(n) + - DFS eslatmalari: + - ish vaqti xarajati: O(n) + - ish joyi xarajati: + eng yaxshisi: O(log n) - tree ning o'rtacha balandligi + eng yomoni: O(n) + - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) + - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) + - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + +- ### Binary search tree lar: BST lar + - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Tahlili (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [Kirish (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) + - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + - C/C++: + - [ ] [Binary search tree - Implementation in C/C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) + - [ ] [BST implementation - memory allocation in stack and heap (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) + - [ ] [Find min and max element in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Find height of a binary tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal - breadth-first and depth-first strategies (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) + - [ ] [Binary tree: Level Order Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal: Preorder, Inorder, Postorder (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Check if a binary tree is binary search tree or not (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Delete a node from Binary Search Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) + - [ ] [Inorder Successor in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] Kodda yozish: + - [ ] insert // qiymatni treega joylaydi + - [ ] get_node_count // treedagi elementlar sonini qaytaradi + - [ ] print_values // treedagi hamma qiymatlarini, min-dan max-gacha, yozib chiqaradi + - [ ] delete_tree + - [ ] is_in_tree // true qaytaradi agar qiymat treeda mavjud bo'lsa + - [ ] get_height // treeni balandligini qaytaradi (bitta node-ning balandligi 1 hisoblanadi) + - [ ] get_min // treedagi minimum qiymatni qaytaradi + - [ ] get_max // treedagi maximum qiymatni qaytaradi + - [ ] is_binary_search_tree + - [ ] delete_value + - [ ] get_successor // berilgan qiymatdan keyingi katta qiymatni qaytaradi, agar bunday qiymat bo'lmasa -1 qaytaradi + +- ### Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap + - tree (daraxt) dek tasvirlansada, xotirada ketma ket tarzida saqlanadi (massiv, linked list) + - [ ] [Heap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) + - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) + - [ ] [Naive Implementations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) + - [ ] [Tree Height Remark (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) + - [ ] [Basic Operations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) + - [ ] [Complete Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) + - [ ] [Pseudocode (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) + - [ ] [Heap Sort - boshiga sakraydi (video)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) + - [ ] [Building a heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) + - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) + - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] max-heap ni kodda yozish: + - [ ] insert + - [ ] sift_up - insert operatsiyasi uchun kerak + - [ ] get_max - o'chirmagan holda, max elementni qaytaradi + - [ ] get_size() - mavjud elementlar sonini qaytaradi + - [ ] is_empty() - true qaytaradi agar heap bo'sh bo'lsa + - [ ] extract_max - o'chirgan holda, max elementni qaytaradi + - [ ] sift_down - extract_max operatsiyasi uchun kerak + - [ ] remove(i) - x indeksda joylashgan elementni o'chiradi + - [ ] heapify - massivdan heap yaratadi, heap_sort operatsiyasi uchun kerak + - [ ] heap_sort() - tartiblanmagan massivni olib, max heap yoki min heap dan foydalangan holda uni joyida tartiblangan massivga aylantiradi + +## Sorting (Saralash) + +- [ ] Eslatmalar: + - sorting bilan ishlang va eng yaxshi/eng yomon holatlarni, har birining o'rtacha murakkabligini biling: + - bubble sort ishlatmang - agar n <= 16 bo'lmasa, O(n^2)-bu juda yomon + - [ ] Algoritmlarni saralashdagi barqarorlik (stability) ("Quicksort barqarormi?") + - [Sorting Algorithm Stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) + - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) + - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) + - [Sorting Algorithms - Stability](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) + - [ ] Linked list-da qaysi algoritmlardan foydalanish mumkin? Qaysi massivlarda? Qaysilarini ikkalasida ham ishlatsa bo'ladi? + - Men linked listni saralashni maslahat bermayman, lekin merge tartiblash algoritmini qilsa bo'ladi. + - [Merge Sort For Linked List](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) + +- Heapsort uchun yuqorida berilgan ma'lumotlar tuzilmasini ko'ring, Heap sort ajoyib lekin barqaror emas. + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/ARWDq/mergesort) + - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/PWNEl/bottom-up-mergesort) + - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/xAltF/sorting-complexity) + - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/9FYhS/comparators) + - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/pvvLZ/stability) + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/vjvnC/quicksort) + - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/UQxFT/selection) + - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/XvjPd/duplicate-keys) + - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/lecture/QBNZ7/system-sorts) + +- [ ] UC Berkeley: + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) + +- [ ] [Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Analyzing Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort, Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Quicksort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Selection Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) + +- [ ] Merge sort kodda: + - [ ] [Using output array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) + - [ ] [Using output array (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) + - [ ] [In-place (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) +- [ ] Quick sort uchun kod: + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) + - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) + +- [ ] Kodda yozish: + - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) o'rtacha va eng yomon holat + - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) o'rtacha + - Selection sort va insertion sort-larning ikkalalarini ham o'rtacha va eng yomon holati O(n^2) bo'ladi + - Heapsort uchun yuqoridagi Heap ma'lumotlar tuzilmasini ko'ring + +- [ ] Quyidagilar talab qilinmaydi lekin shaxsan men ularni tavsiya qilaman: + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 ta video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/3) + - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/vGHvb/strings-in-java) + - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2pi1Z/key-indexed-counting) + - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/c1U7L/lsd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/gFxwG/msd-radix-sort) + - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/crkd5/3-way-radix-quicksort) + - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) + - [ ] [Radix Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) + +Vizual tarzda ma'lumot olish uchun [15 ta saralash algoritmlari](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg). +Agar sizga ushbu mavzu bo'yicha batafsil ma'lumot kerak bo'lsa, "Saralash" bo'limiga qarang [Ba'zi mavzular bo'yicha qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar](#bazi-mavzular-boyicha-qoshimcha-malumotlar) + +## Graflar + +Computer science da graflar bir talay masalalarni tasvirlashda ishlatiladi. Shuning uchun tree va tartiblash algoritmlari kabi bu qism yetarlicha uzun +- Eslatmalar: + - grafni xotirada ushlashni 4ta asosiy yo'li bor: + - obyektlar va pointerlar + - adjacency matritsa + - adjacency list + - adjacency map + - Har bir usulni va ularni yaxshi & yomon tomonlarini o'rganib chiqing + - BFS va DFS - bu algoritmlarini tezligini (time & space complexity), yaxshi & yomon tomonlarini, va ularni kodda yozishni biling + - Masala berilganda, birinchi grafga asoslangan yechim qidiring. Bunday yechim ko'rmasangiz, boshqa yechimlarni qidiring + +- [ ] MIT(videolar): + - [ ] [Breadth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - [ ] [Depth-First Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) + +- [ ] Skiena ma'ruzalari - ajoyib kirish: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + +- [ ] Graflar (tahlil va boshqa ko'p narsalar): + + - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - Lecture 6 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + - [ ] ~~[CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489)~~ + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) + - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + +- To'liq Coursera kursi: + - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) + +- Kodda yozaman: + - [ ] DFS, adjacency list bilan (recursive) + - [ ] DFS, adjacency list bilan (iterative, stackdan foydalangan holda) + - [ ] DFS, adjacency matritsa bilan (recursive) + - [ ] DFS, adjacency matritsa bilan (iterative, stackdan foydalangan holda) + - [ ] BFS, adjacency list bilan + - [ ] BFS, adjacency matritsa bilan + - [ ] single-source shortest path (Dijkstra) + - [ ] minimum spanning tree + - DFS-ga asoslangan algoritmlar (Aduni videolarini tepada ko'ring): + - [ ] cycle borligini tekshirish (topological sort uchun kerak, chunki boshlashdan oldin cycle bor yoki yo'qligini tekshiramiz) + - [ ] topological sort + - [ ] grafdagi bog'liq componentlarni sanash (connected components) + - [ ] mustahkam bog'liq componentlarni sanash (strongly connected components) + - [ ] bipartite grafni aniqlash + +## Yanada ko'proq bilim + +- ### Rekursiya + - [ ] rekursiya & backtracking-ga oid Stanford ma'ruzalari: + - [ ] [Lecture 8 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) + - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) + - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) + - Rekursiyani qachon ishlatish yaxshi? + - Nega tail rekursiya (tail recursion) yaxshi narsa? + - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) + +- ### Dinamik dasturlash (Dynamic Programming) + - Katta ehtimollik bilan sizni intervyuingizda dinamik dasturlash masalalari bo'lmaydi, lekin shunday masalani dinamik dasturlashga mosligini aniqlay olishni o'rganish arzigulik + - Bu mavzu qiyin bo'lishi mumkin. Chunki har bir DP bilan yechsa bo'ladigan masala uchun "recursion relation" o'ylab topish kerak va bu narsa qiyin bo'lishi mumkin + - kerakli patternni tushinib yetguncha ko'p DP masalalarni ko'rib chiqishni maslahat beraman + - [ ] Videolar: + - Skiena videolarini kuzatib tushinish qiyin bo'lishi mumkin chunki u ko'rish uchun juda kichik bo'lgan doskadan bazida foydalanadi + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] DP masalalarini ro'yxati (har biri qisqa): + [Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + - [ ] Yale ma'ruza yozuvlari: + - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) + - [ ] Coursera: + - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) + - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) + - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + +- ### Object-Oriented Programming + - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) + - [ ] SOLID OOP Prinsiplari: [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) + +- ### Dizayn patternlar + - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) + - [ ] Quyidagi patternlarni o'rganing: + - [ ] strategy + - [ ] singleton + - [ ] adapter + - [ ] prototype + - [ ] decorator + - [ ] visitor + - [ ] factory, abstract factory + - [ ] facade + - [ ] observer + - [ ] proxy + - [ ] delegate + - [ ] command + - [ ] state + - [ ] memento + - [ ] iterator + - [ ] composite + - [ ] flyweight + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 1) - Patterns (video)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Series of videos (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) + - "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software" kitobi dizayn patternlar uchun defakto resursligini bilaman, lekin Head First kitobi yangi o'rganuvchilar uchun ancha yaxshiroq. + - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) + - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) + + +- ### Kombinatorikalar & Ehtimollik nazariyasi + - [ ] [Math Skills: Faktorial, Permutatsiya va kombinatsiyalarni qanday topish haqida(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [Make School: Ehtimollik nazariyasi (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + - [ ] [Make School: Ko'proq ehtimollik nazariyasi va Markov zanjirlari (Markov Chains) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) + - [ ] Khan Academy: + - Kurs tartibi: + - [ ] [Ehtimollik nazariyasining asoslari](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) + - Faqat videolar - 41 (har biri qisqa va tushunishga oson): + - [ ] [Ehtimollik nazariyasi haqida (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) + +- ### NP, NP to'liq va taxminiy algoritmlari + - traveling salesman and the knapsack muammosi kabi NP-ning eng mashhur klasslari haqida bilish, + va intervyu beruvchisi ularni niqob bilan so'raganda ularni taniy olish. + + - NP-complete nima ekanligini biling. + - [ ] [Computational Complexity (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) + - [ ] Simonson: + - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness III (Video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) + - [ ] Skiena: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 23 - Introduction to NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 24 - NP-Completeness Proofs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 25 - NP-Completeness Challenge (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) + - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) + - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - Piter Norvig traveling salesman masalasining maqbul yechimlarini muhokama qiladi: + - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) + - 1048 - 1140 sahifalari CLRS da agar bu sizda bo'lsa. + +- ### Keshlar + - [ ] LRU keshi haqida: + - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) + - [ ] [Implementing LRU (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) + - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) + - [ ] CPU keshi haqida: + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + +- ### Process-lar va Thread-lar + - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operatsion tizimlar (25ta video): + - process-lar va thread-lar uchun 1-chidan 11-chigacha bo'lgan videolarni ko'ring + - [Operating Systems and System Programming (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) + - o'z ichiga oladi: + - Process-lar, Thread-lar, Concurrency muammolari + - process-lar va thread-larni bir biridan farqi + - Processlar + - Threadlar + - Locklar + - Mutex-lar + - Semaphore-lar + - Monitorlar + - Ular qanday ishlaydi? + - Deadlock + - Livelock + - CPU faoliyati, interrupt-lar, context almashtirish (context switching) + - Ko'p yadrolik processorlar bilan ishlaydigan zamonaviy concurrency construct-lari + - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) + - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) + - Process uchun kerakli resurslar (xotira: kod, statik xotira, stack, heap, va hamda file descriptor-lar, i/o) + - Thread uchun kerakli resurslar (tepadagilarni (stackdan tashqari) bitta processda bo'lgan boshqa threadlar bilan baham ko'radi, lekin har birini o'zini pc, stack counter, registerlar, va stacklari bor) + - Forklash bu aslida "copy on write" operatsiyasi. Bu degani fork qilingan process-dan nusxa ko'chirish fork process birinchi marta xotiraga yozganda bo'ladi. + - Context almashtirish + - Operatsion tizim va uni ushlab turgan hardware context almashtirishni qanday qiladi? + - [ ] [threads in C++ (to'plam - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] Pythonda concurrency (videolar): + - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) + - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) + - [ ] [Understanding the Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) + - [reference](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) + - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) + - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) + - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) + +- ### Testlash (Testing) + - Quyidagilarni o'z ichiga oladi: + - unit test qanday ishlaydi + - mock obyektlar nima + - integration testing nima + - dependency injection nima + - [ ] [Agile Software Testing with James Bach (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) + - [ ] [Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) + - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant) (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) + - [slides](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) + - [ ] Dependency injection: + - [ ] [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) + - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) + - [ ] [Qanday qilib test yozish](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) + +- ### Scheduling + - OS da bu qanday ishlaydi? + - Operatsion tizim videolaridan o'rganish mumkin + +- ### Stringni izlash va manipulyatsiyalar + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/n3ZpG/introduction-to-substring-search) + - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search) + - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt) + - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore) + - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/3KiqT/rabin-karp) + - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + + Agar bu mavzuda ko'proq ma'lumot olmoqchi bo'lsangiz, "String Matching" bo'limini ko'ring [Ba'zi mavzular bo'yicha qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar](#bazi-mavzular-bo'yicha-qoshimcha-malumotlar). + +- ### Trie-lar + - Trie-larning turli xili mavjud. Bazilarida prefiks bor bo'lsa bazilarida esa yo'q, va bazilari yo'lni kuzatish uchun bitlar o'rniga string ishlatishadi. + - Men kodini ko'rib chiqaman, lekin o'zim yozmayman + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4) + - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries) + - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries) + - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations) + - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] Qisqa kurslar: + - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) + - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (taxminan yarim yo'lda juda tushunarsiz bo'lishi mumkin) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + +- ### Floating Point Numbers + - [ ] oddiy 8-bitli: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32 bitli: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + +- ### Unicode + - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + +- ### Endianness + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141940/http://www.cs.umd.edu:80/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - Kernel dasturchilari uchun juda texnik muloqot. Agar ko'pini tushunmasangiz, tashvishlanmang + - Birinchi yarmi yetarli bo'ladi. + +- ### Networking + - **Agar siz networkingda tajribaga ega bo'lsangiz yoki reliability injineri yoki operations injineri bo'lishni xohlasangiz, shu mavzuda savollarni kuting** + - Agar bunday bo'lmasa, baribir bularni bilib qo'ygan yaxshi + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/computers-and-internet-code-org) + - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained! (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial. (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] Soketlar: + - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) + +## Tizim Dizayni, Scalability, Ma'lumotlar bilan ishlash + +**agar sizda 4+ yil ish tajribasi bo'lsa intervyularda sizga tizim dizayn bo'yicha savolar tushadi** +- Scalability va Tizim Dizayn juda katta mavzular hisoblanadi. + Chunki katta ko'lamli traffikni ko'tara oladigan software/hardware-ni dizayn qilish uni ko'p qirralarini e'tiborga olishni talab qiladi + Buni ustida bir talay vaqt o'tkazasiz +- Qirralar: + - Scalability + - Katta miqdordagi data to'plamlarni bitta qiymatga agregatlash + - Bitta data to'plamini boshqasiga o'tkazish + - Haddan tashqari katta miqdordagi data bilan ishlash + - Tizim dizayni + - funksional to'plami + - interfeyslar + - klaslar ierarxiyasi + - ma'lum bir cheklovlar ostida tizimni dizayn qilish + - soddaligi va mustaxkamligi + - afzalliklar va kamchiliklar o'rtasidagi muvozanat + - ijro tahlili (performance analysis) va optimallashtirish +- [ ] **Bu yerdan boshlang**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) +- [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) +- [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) +- [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) +- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - Bu yerda juda ko'p resurslar bor. Berilgan maqolalarni va namunalarni ko'rib chiqing. Bir ikkitasini pastda topasiz +- [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +- [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) +- [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) +- [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) +- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem) +- [ ] Consensus algoritmlari: + - [ ] Paxos - [Paxos Agreement - Computerphile (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [ ] Raft - [An Introduction to the Raft Distributed Consensus Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Ydif5_qvE) + - [ ] [Easy-to-read paper](https://raft.github.io/) + - [ ] [Infographic](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/) +- [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) +- [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) +- [ ] Scalability: + - Bularni hammasi kerak bo'lmaydi. Sizi qiziqtirgan bir ikkitasini tanlang. + - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] Qisqa seriyalar: + - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) + - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + - [ ] [Pragmatic Programming Techniques](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) + - [extra: Google Pregel Graph Processing](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) + - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) + - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) + - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) + - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) + - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) + - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) + - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) + - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Get In The Queue](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) + - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) + - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) + - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) + - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) + - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) + - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) + - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) + - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) + - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) + - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) + - [ ] [Cinchcast Architecture - Producing 1,500 Hours Of Audio Every Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) + - [ ] [Justin.Tv's Live Video Broadcasting Architecture](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) + - [ ] [Playfish's Social Gaming Architecture - 50 Million Monthly Users And Growing](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) + - [ ] [TripAdvisor Architecture - 40M Visitors, 200M Dynamic Page Views, 30TB Data](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) + - [ ] [PlentyOfFish Architecture](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) + - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) + - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + - [ ] Servislarni bir biriga bog'laydigan texnologiyalar haqida o'rganish uchun pastroqdagi "Xabar almashish, Serializatsiya, va Queue Tizimlar" qismini ko'ring + - [ ] Twitter: + - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) + - Bundanda ko'proq narsa o'rganish, [Video Seriyalar](#video-series) seksiyadagi "Ulkan Datasetlarni Qazish" video seriyasini ko'ring +- [ ] Tizim dizayn qilish jarayonini mashq qilish: Bu yerda qog'ozda yozib yechish uchun bir nechta misollar bor. Har birini real proyektlarda qanday yechishgani haqida maqolalari ham bor: + - tahlil: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - jarayon: + 1. Muammo va uning qamrov doirasini tushuning + - Intervyuverni yordami bilan usecase-larni belgilab oling + - Qo'shimcha funksional taklif qiling + - Intervyuver qamrov doirasidan tashqarida deb bilgan punktlarni olib tashlang + - High availability kerak deb biling va uni usecase-lar qatoriga qo'shing + 2. Cheklovlar haqida o'ylang + - Oyiga nechta so'rovlar bo'lishini so'rang + - Sekundiga nechta so'rovlar bo'lishini so'rang (intervyuver javob berishi yoki o'zingiz hisoblashingizni so'rashi mumkin) + - O'qishlar (reads) va yozishlar (writes) foizini baholang + - Baholashda 80/20 qoidasini yodda tuting + - Sekundiga qancha data yoziladi + - 5 yil davomida jami qancha xotira kerak bo'ladi + - Sekundiga qancha data o'qiladi + 3. Abstrakt dizayn: + - Qatlamlar (servis, data, kesh) + - Infrastruktura: load balancing, xabar almashish (messaging) + - Servis ishlashi uchun kerak bo'lgan muhim algoritmlarni tahlili + - Bottleneck-larni e'tiborga oling va ularga yechim toping + - Mashqlar: + - [Design a CDN network: old article](https://kilthub.cmu.edu/articles/Globally_distributed_content_delivery/6605972) + - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) + - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) + - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) + - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) + +--- + +## Yakuniy tahlil + + Bu qismda ko'p muhim tushunchalarni tez qaytarib olish uchun kerak bo'ladigan qisqa videolar bor + +- [ ] 2-3 minutlik qisqa mavzuga oid videolar seriyasi (23 video) + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] 2-5 minutlik qisqa mavzuga oid videolar seriyasi - Michael Sambol (18 video): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2) + +--- + +## Coding bo'yicha savollar ustida ishlash + +Yuqoridagi barcha "computer science" mavzularini bilb oldingiz, endi coding bo'yicha masalalarga javob berishni mashq qilish vaqti keldi. + +**Coding masalalarini yechishga tayyorlanish bu javoblarni yodlab qolish emas** + +Masalalar yechishni mashq qilish nima uchun zarur: +- Muammoni aniqlash va kerakli ma'lumotlar tuzilmalari va algoritmlari mos keladigan joyni topa olish +- Masala uchun kerakli talablarni to'plash +- Huddi intervyudagi kabi muammoni yechish uchun qadam baqadam yurish +- Doskada yoki qog'ozda kod yozish, kompyuterda emas +- Yechimlaringizga ish joyi xarajati va ish vaqti xarajatini aniqlash +- Yechimlaringizni testlash + +Suhbatda metodik, kommunikativ muammolarni hal qilish uchun ajoyib kirish qismi mavjud. +Siz buni dasturlash uchun intervyu kitoblaridan ham topa olishingiz mumkin, +lekin men buni ular ichida juda foydali deb topdim: +[Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) + +Uyingizda doska yo'qmi? Bu tabiiy. Men o'zgacha insonman, menda kotta doskam bor. Doska o'rniga, rasm chizish uchun +mo'ljallangan daftar ishlating. Shunda divanda o'tirib, mashq qilishingiz mumkin. Bu mening "divanga mo'ljallangan doskam". +Men rasmda qalamimni ham qo'shganman qulaylik uchun. Agar siz ruchkadan foydalansangiz, o'chirish istagi paydo bo'lishi mumkin. +Tez Chalkashib ketadi. Shuning uchun men qalam va o'chirg'ichdan foydalanaman. + +![mening divan uchun doskam](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/art_board_sm_2.jpg) + +Qo'shimcha: + +- [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) +- [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) +- [MIT Interview Materials](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) +- [Exercises for getting better at a given language](http://exercism.io/languages) + +**Dasturlash masalalarini o'qing va bajaring (ketma ketlikda):** + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) + - C, C++ va Java da javoblar +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - Javada javoblar + +Ko'ring [Book List above](#book-list) + + +## Coding mashqlar/savollar + +Miyyangiz og'rigunigacha o'rganib bo'lganingizdan keyin o'sha miyyangizni ishga soling +Har kuni coding savollar ishlang, qancha ko'p bo'lsa shuncha yaxshi + +- [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) + +Coding Intervyu Savollar Videolari: +- [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - Qadam baqadam yechimlar tahlili uchun juda zo'r +- [Nick White - LeetCode Solutions (187 Videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU_sdQYzUj2keVENTP0a5rdykRSgg9Wp-) + - Yechimlar va ularni kodi uchun yaxshi tushuntirish + - Qisqa vaqtda ularni bir qanchasini ko'rib tugatsangiz bo'ladi +- [FisherCoder - LeetCode Solutions](https://youtube.com/FisherCoder) + +Mashq saytlari: +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) + - Mening sevimli saytim. 1-2 oy tayorgarlik paytida obuna puliga arzidi. + - [LeetCode solutions from FisherCoder](https://github.com/fishercoder1534/Leetcode) + - Qisqa kod tahlillari uchun tepadagi Nick White videolarini ko'ring +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) +- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) +- [Code Exercises](https://code-exercises.com) + +Til o'rganish saytlari, mashqlari bilan +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) +- [Codechef](https://www.codechef.com/) +- [Codeforces](https://codeforces.com/) + +Mashqlar repolari +- [Interactive Coding Interview Challenges in Python](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) + +Mock intervyular +- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - Men buni ishlatdim va u menga phone screen va on-site intervyularga ruhan tayyorladi +- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - foydalanuvchilararo intervyuga tayyorlanish modeli +- [Refdash: Mock interviews and expedited interviews](https://refdash.com/) - kandidatlarga tech kompaniyalar bilan bo'ladigan bir nechta intervyulardan sakrab o'tishga ham yordam beradi +- [interviewing.io: Practice mock interview with senior engineers](https://interviewing.io) - FAANG-dan senior injinerlar bilan anonim algoritm/tizim dizayn intervyulari + + +## Intervyuga yaqin kelganingizda + +- Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (videolar): + - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) + - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) + +## Sizni rezyumeingiz + +- 'Cracking The Coding Interview' kitobini Resume prep qismini va 'Programming Interviews Exposed' kitobini orqasini ko'ring + + +## Intervyuga yaqin kelganda quyidagilar haqida o'ylab yuring + +Sizdan so'rashlari mumkin bo'lgan 20 tacha intervyu savollarini o'ylab toping (pastagi savollarga o'xshagan). Har biri uchun 2-3 javobiz bo'lsin. +Siz amalga oshirgan biror narsa haqida hikoyangiz bo'lsin. + +- Nega bu ishni xohlayapsiz? +- Siz yechgan mushkul masala/muammo? +- Qanday qiyinchiliklar bo'lgan? +- Siz ko'rgan eng yaxshi/eng yomon dizaynlar? +- Mavjud produktni takomillashtirish uchun g'oyalar? +- Qanday holda yaxshi ishlaysiz, yolg'iz yoki jamoda? +- Sizni qanday ko'nikmalaringiz/mahoratlaringiz bu ish o'rinida katta foyda bo'ladi va nega? +- [x ishda / y proyektda] sizni eng ko'p zavqlantirgan narsa? +- [x ishda / y proyektda] siz duch kelgan eng katta muammo? +- [x ishda / y proyektda] siz duch kelgan eng mashaqqatli bug? +- [x ishda / y proyektda] siz nima o'rgandingiz? +- [x ishda / y proyektda] siz nimani yaxshiroq qilgan bo'lardingiz? + +## Intervyuver uchun savollaringizni tayyorlab qo'ying + + Mening savollarimning bazilari (Bu savollarga javobni bilsam ham ularni fikrlarini yoki jamoaviy nuqtai nazarlarini bilishni xohlayman): + +- Jamoangiz qanchalik katta? +- Sizning dasturlash siklingiz qanday tarzda o'tadi? waterfall/sprintlar/ yoki agile ishlatasizmi? +- Deadline-lar ga shoshilish odatiy holmi? Yoki erkinlik ko'proqmi? +- Jamoangizda qarorlar qanday qabul qilinadi? +- Haftasiga nechi marta jamoaviy meeting-lar tashkil etiladi? +- Sizning ishdagi atmosferangiz sizga konsentratsiya qilishga yordam beradimi? +- Hozirda nima ustida ishlayapsizlar? +- Bunda sizga nima ko'proq yoqadi? +- Ish hayoti qanday tarzda o'tadi? +- Ish va shaxsiy hayot balansi qanday yo'lga qo'yilgan? + +## Ishga qabul qilinganingizdan so'ng + +Tabriklaymiz! + +O'rganishda davom eting. + +Hech qachon tugatgan bo'lmaymiz. + +--- + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + + Ushbu bandning ostidagi hamma narsalar ixtiyoriydir. + Ularni o'rganish orqali siz ko'proq CS tushunchalariga ega bo'lasiz va har qanday dasturiy injinerlik + ishi uchun yaxshi tayyorlangan bo'lasiz. Siz ancha mukammal dasturchi darajasiga erishasiz. + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + +--- + +## Qo'shimcha kitoblar + + O'zingizni qiziqtirgan mavzuga chuqur sho'ng'ishingiz uchun resurslar + +- [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) + - Eski lekin yaxshi +- [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - Zamonaviy variant +- [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) +- [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - Dizayn pattern-larga yengil kirish +- [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - Shuningdek, "Gang Of Four" yoki "GOF" nomi bilan tanilgan + - Qoidaga aylangan dizayn pattern kitobi +- [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 5th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0134277554/) +- [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - Qaytarish uchun va muammoni tanib olish uchun + - Algoritm katalog qismi intervyularda tushadigan savollardan ancha qiyin + - Bu kitob ikki qismdan iborat: + - Data strukturalar va algoritmlar bo'yicha sinf darslik kitobi + - Yaxshi taraflari: + - Boshqa algoritm sinf darsliklari kabi qaytarish uchun yaxshi + - Ishda va akademiyada bo'lgan o'zining masala yechish tajribasidan yaxshi hikoyalar bor + - Kod namunalari C da + - Yomon taraflari: + - CLRS kabi zich va tushinishga qiyin bo'lishi mumkin, va hatto bir xil mavzularga CLRS yaxshiroq bo'lishi mumkin + - Bazi narsalar yetarlicha yoritilmagani uchun, 7, 8, 9-boblar tushunishga qiyin (Ehtimol menikidan aqlliroq kalla kerakdir) + - Meni noto'g'ri tushunmang: Menga Skiena, uni o'qitish uslubi, va mannerizmi yoqadi, lekin men Stony Brook universitetdagilar kabi emasman + - Algoritm katalogi: + - Bu kitobni sotib olishingizni asl sababi + - Bu qismga yetib qoldim. Tugatganimdan so'ng bu yerni yangilab qo'yaman + - kindle-da ijaraga olsangiz bo'ladi + - Javoblar + - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) +- [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - Kitob 2004-yilda nashr etilgan va bir oz eskirgan, lekin kompyuterni qisqa vaqta tushunish uchun zo'r resurs + - Muallif [HLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assembly) ni kashf etgan. Shunday ekan, HLA haqida gaplar va namunalarga skeptik qarang. Keng ishlatilmaydi lekin assembly qanday ko'rinishini ko'rsatadigan namunalar + - Bu boblar sizga kompyuterni tushunishda yaxshi bilim poydevori bo'ladi + - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation + - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations + - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation + - Chapter 5 - Character Representation + - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access + - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects + - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture + - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture + - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization +- [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) + - **Muhim:** Bu kitobni o'qish siz uchun cheklangan qiymatga ega. Bu kitob algoritmlar va data strukturalar tahlili uchun zo'r, lekin yaxshi kod yozishni o'rgatmaydi. O'zingiz to'g'ri yechim topishingiz kerak bo'ladi + - CLR nomi bilan ham tanilgan (bazida CLRS chunki Stein keyinroq kitob mualliflariga qo'shilgan) + +- [Computer Architecture, Sixth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0128119055) + - Nisbatan ancha boyroq va yangiroq (2017), lekin uzunroq yozilgan + +- [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + - Boshlang'ich bir ikki boblari muammolarga ajoyib yechimlar taqdim qiladi, lekin bu shunchaki kirish. + Bu kitob dasturning dizayn va arxitekturasi uchun qo'llanma + +## Qo'shimcha o'rganish + + Men bularni har tomonlama rivojlangan dasturchi bo'lishingizga yordam berish va ba'zi texnologiyalar va algoritmlardan xabardor bo'lishingiz uchun qo'shdim, + Natijada sizda kattaroq asboblar qutisi bo'ladi. + +- ### Kompilyatorlar + - [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) + +- ### Emacs va vi(m) + - Unix-ga asoslangan kod muharriri (code editor) bilan tanishib chiqing + - vi(m): + - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) + - 4 ta videolar to'plami: + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) + - [Using Vi Instead of Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) + - emacs: + - [Basics Emacs Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) + - 3 ta videolar to'plami: + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) + - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) + - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) + - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) + +- ### Unix uchun buyruqlar ro'yxati + - Quyidagi ro'yxatni yaxshi vositalardan to'ldirdim. + - bash + - cat + - grep + - sed + - awk + - curl or wget + - sort + - tr + - uniq + - [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + +- ### Ma'lumot nazariyasi (videolar) + - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - Markov protseslari haqida batafsil: + - [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + - Batafsil quyida MIT 6.050J-ning Ma'lumot va Entropiya seriyalarida ko'ring + +- ### Parity va "Hamming Code" (videolar) + - [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - Hamming Code: + - [Error detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) + - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) + - [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + +- ### Entropiya + - Quyidagi videolarni ko'ring + - Avval ma'lumot nazariyasi videolarini tomosha qiling + - [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + +- ### Kriptografiya + - Quyidagi videolarni ham ko'ring + - Avval ma'lumot nazariyasi videolarini tomosha qiling + - [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- ### Kompressiya + - Avval ma'lumot nazariyasi videolarini tomosha qiling + - Computerphile (videolar): + - [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) + +- ### Kompyuter xavfsizligi + - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- ### Chiqindi yig'ish (Garbage collection) + - [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) + +- ### Paralel dasturlash + - [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + +- ### Xabar almashish, Serializatsiya, va Queue Tizimlar + - [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) + - [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [Tutorials](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) + - [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) + - [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [Tutorial](http://try.redis.io/) + - [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [Get Started](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) + - [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) + - [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) + - [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + +- ### A* + - [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) + +- ### Fast Fourier Transform + - [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + +- ### Bloom Filter + - m-ta bitlik va k-ta hashlash funksiyalik Bloom filterda elementni joylash va tekshirish O(k) ish vaqtini oladi + - [Bloom Filters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) + - [How To Write A Bloom Filter App](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) + +- ### HyperLogLog + - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) + +- ### Locality-Sensitive Hashlash + - dokumentlarni o'xshashligini tekshirish uchun ishlatiladi + - MD5 va SHA teskarisi. MD5 va SHA esa dokumentlar/stringlarni bir xilligini tekshirish uchun ishlatiladi + - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) + +- ### van Emde Boas Tree-lari + - [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + +- ### Kattalashtirilgan Data Strukturalari + - [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) + +- ### Balanced search tree-lar + - Kamida bitta balanced binary tree turini biling (va uni qanday yozishni ham biling) + - "Balanced search tree-lar orasida, AVL va 2/3 tree-lar hozir o'tmishga aylangan, va red-black tree-lar ancha mashhurroq. + Xususan qiziqarli bo'lgan o'z-o'zini tashkil qiladigan data struktura bu splay tree. Splay tree + har safar key so'ralganda uni rotatsiyadan foydalangan holda root-ga o'tkazadi." - Skiena + - Bulardan men splay tree-ni kodda yozishni tanladim. Bilishimcha intervyuda sizdan balanced search tree-ni + yozishni so'rashmaydi. Lekin men baribir yozishni xohladim va tan olaylik splay tree-lar zo'r. + Men juda ko'p red-black tree kodlarini ham o'qidim. + - Splay tree: insert, search, delete funksiyalari + Agar red-black tree-ni yozadigan bo'lsangiz faqat shularni yozishga harakat qiling: + - Search va insertion funksiyalari, delete-ni tashlab ketavering + - Men B-tree-lar haqida ko'proq o'rganmoqchiman chunki ular katta data to'plamlari bilan juda ko'p ishlatiladi + - [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + + - **AVL tree-lar** + - Amalda: + Meni fikrimda AVL tree-lar amalda uncha ishlatilmaydi. Lekin men qayerda ishlatilishi mumkinligini ayta olaman: + AVL bu search, insertion, va removal funksiyalarini O(log n) tezligida qila oladigan yana bitta struktura. AVL tree-lar + red-black tree-larga nisbatan ancha uzil-kesil balanslangan. Shuning uchun insertion va removal sekin, lekin search tezroq. + Shu sababli u bir marta qurilib qayta-qayta yuklanib ishlatiladigan data strukturalari uchun juda qo'l keladi. + Masalan: til lug'atlari yoki dastur lu'gatlari (assembler va interpreter opcode-lari) + - [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + + - **Splay trees** + - Amalda: + Splay tree-lar asosan cache-lar, memory allocator-lar, router-lar, garbage collector-lar, data compressiya, + rope data struktura, Windows NT, va hokazo componentlarni qurish uchun ishlatiladi + - [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) + - MIT ma'ruza: Splay Trees: + - Juda ko'p matematika aralashgan, lekin aniq oxirgi 10 minutini ko'ring + - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) + + - **Red/black tree-lar** + - Bular 2-3 tree-ni tarjimasi (pastni ko'ring) + - Amalda: + Red-black tree-lar insertion, deletion va search uchun eng-yomon ish vaqtini kafolatlaydi. + Uni shu xususiyati vaqt juda muhim bo'lgan dasturlarda foydali qiladi. Hamda eng-yomon vaqtni + kafolat qiladigan data strukturalarni foydali bir qismi bo'lib ishlaydi; + masalan, kompyutatsion geometriyada ishlatiladigan ko'p data strukturalar red-black tree-larga asoslanishi mumkin + va hozirgi Linux kernellarda ishlatiladigan "Completely Fair Scheduler" red-black tree ishlatadi. Javaning 8 versiyasida, + oldin bir xil bo'lgan elementlari saqlash uchun LinkedList ishlatgan HashMap data strukturasi o'zgartirilib + hozirda Red-Black tree ishlatadi + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link videoni kerakli joyidan boshlaydi) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + + - **2-3 search tree-lar** + - Amalda: + 2-3 tree-lar sekinroq ishlaydigan search operatsiyasi hisobiga juda tez insert operatsiyasiga ega. + - 2-3 tree-lar kamdan-kam ishlatiladi chunki uni kodda yozish uchun har xil node-lar kerak bo'ladi. O'rniga, odamlar Red Black tree-larni ishlatadi + - [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + + - **2-3-4 Tree-lar (shuningdek 2-4 tree nomi bilan tanilgan)** + - Amalda: + Har 2-4 tree uchun unga mos elementlari bir xil tartibda bo'lgan red-black bor. Insertion va deletion funksiyalari red-black + tree-dagi color-flipping va rotation funksiyalariga tengma-tengdir. Bu xususiyati uni red-black tree-larni tagidagi mantiqni + tushunishda juda muhim rol o'ynaydi va shuning uchun ko'p kirish algoritm kitoblari red-black tree-dan oldin 2-4 treelar haqida gapiradi, + garchi **2-4 tree-lar amalda uncha ko'p ishlatilmasada**. + - [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) + - [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + + - **N-talik (K-talik, M-talik) tree-lar** + - eslatma: N va K bu branchlash faktori (maksimum branchlar) + - binary tree-lar bu branchlash faktori = 2 bo'lgan 2-talik tree-lar + - 2-3 tree-lar 3-talik xisoblanadi + - [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + + - **B-Tree** + - Qiziq fakt: bu noma'lum, lekin B-tree-dagi B Boeing, Balanced, yoki Bayerdan (boshqa ixtirochisi) olingan bo'lishi mumkin + - Amalda: + B-Tree-lar ma'lumotlar bazasida keng ishlatiladi. Ko'p zamonaviy fayl tizimlari B-tree yoki uni boshqa variantlarini ishlatadi. + Ma'lumotlar bazasidan tashqari, B-Tree-lar berilgan fayldagi tasodifiy bo'lakni tez o'qishga yordam beradi. Berilgan i fayl bo'lak adresini disk bo'lak adresiga aylantirish asosiy muammodir. + - [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [B-Tree Datastructure](http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html) + - [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - keshga e'tiborsiz B-Tree-lar haqida, juda qiziq data strukturalari + - birinchi 37 minuti juda texnik, o'tkazib yuborsangiz bo'ladi (B bu bo'lak hajmi, kesh qator hajmi) + + +- ### k-D Tree-lar + - Uchburchak ichidagi nuqtalarni topish uchun yoki yuqori o'lchovli obyektlar uchun juda zo'r + - k-ta yaqin qo'shnilarni topish uchun mos + - [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + +- ### Skip listlar + - "Bular qandaydir kult data strukturalari" - Skiena + - [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + +- ### Network Flow + - [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) + - [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + +- ### Disjoint Set & Union Find + - [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) + - [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1/home/week/1) + +- ### Tez hisoblash uchun matematika + - [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + +- ### Treap + - Binary search tree va heapni birikmasi + - [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + +- ### Linear Programming (videolar) + - [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) + +- ### Geometry, Convex hull (videolar) + - [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + +- ### Diskret matematika + - Pastdagi videolarni ko'ring + +- ### Machine Learning + - Nega ML? + - [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + - [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + - [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + - [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + - [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + - [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [Tensorflow Tutoriallari](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) + - [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (Theano ishlatgan holda)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + - Kurslar: + - [Zo'r boshlovchi kurs: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) + - [faqat videolari](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) + - 12-dan 18-gacha videolar chiqizli algebrani qaytarish uchun (14 va 15 dublikat) + - [Neural Networks for Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) + - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) + - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) + - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) + - [Metis Online Course ($99 for 2 months)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) + - Manbalar: + - Kitoblar: + - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) + - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) + - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) + - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) + - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ + +--- + +## Ba'zi mavzular bo'yicha qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar + + Men bularni Yuqorida keltirilgan ba'zi fikrlarni mustahkamlash uchun qo'shdim, lekin yuqorida qo'shishni xohlamadim + chunki juda ko'p resurslarni o'z ichiga oladi. Bitta mavzuda juda ko'p qolib ketish ham yaxshi emas. + Siz shu asrda ishga qabul qilinishingizni xohlaysiz shundaymi? + +- **SOLID** + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | Mijozlarni o'zlari ishlatmaydigan interfeyslarni implement qilishga majburlash kerak emas + - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. + - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) + + +- **Union-Find** + - [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) + +- **Dinamik dasturlash haqida batafsil** (videolar) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + - [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + - [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + - [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) + +- **Advanced Graph Processing** (videolar) + - [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) + +- MIT **Ehtimollik nazariyasi** (matematikaga oid, sekin astalik bilan ko'rib chiqing, matematikaga oid narsalar uchun yaxshi) (videolar): + - [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) + +- [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) + +- **String Matching** + - Rabin-Karp (videolar): + - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) + - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) + - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) + - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) + - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) + - Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): + - [TThe Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) + - Boyer–Moore string search algoritmi + - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) + - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) + - [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - juda yaxshi boshlanadi, ammo KMP-dan o'tib ketishi bilan u kerak bo'lgandan ko'ra murakkabroq bo'ladi + - tries ning yaxshi tarifi berilgan + - o'tqazib yuborishingiz mumkin + +- **Sorting** + + - Sorting bo'yicha Stanford universiteti ma'ruzalari: + - [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - Steven Skienaning sorting mavzusidagi ma'ruzalari: + - [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + +## Video Seriyalar + +Qulay joylashib oling va maroqlaning. "Netflix va skillar" :P + +- [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + +- [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) + +- [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) + +- [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) + +- [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html) + +- [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) + +- [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) + +- CSE373 - Algoritmlarning tahlillari (25 ta videolar to'plami) + - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) + +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) + +- [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + +- [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) + +- [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + +- ~~[UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~ + +- [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDSlqjcPpoL64CJdF0Qee5oWqGS6we_Yu) + +- [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) + +- [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) + +- [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) + +- [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) + +- [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + +- [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) + +- [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) + +- [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) + +- [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) + +- [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) + +- [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) + - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) + +- [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) + +- [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) + +## Computer Science Kurslari + +- [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) +- [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) + +## Algoritmlarning kodda yozilishi + +- [Multiple Algorithms implementation by Princeton University)](https://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/code) + + +## Maqolalar + +- [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) +- [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) +- [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - 2012 yilda Kolossus bilan almashtirildi +- [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - Asosan Cloud Dataflow bilan almashtirilganmi?? +- [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) + - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) +- [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) +- [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) + - The Dynamo maqolasi NoSQL revolyutsiyasini boshladi +- [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) +- [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) +- [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) +- [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) + - maqolaning o'zi mavjud emas +- 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: + - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) +- 2013: Spanner: Googlening global tarqatilgan ma'lumotlar bazasi: + - [maqola](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) +- [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) +- [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) +- [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) +- [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) +- [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) +- [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) + + +## Litsenziya + +[CC-BY-SA-4.0](./LICENSE.txt) diff --git a/translations/README-vi.md b/translations/README-vi.md index 9cc1d04..1d86298 100644 --- a/translations/README-vi.md +++ b/translations/README-vi.md @@ -29,11 +29,64 @@ Ghi chú riêng cho việc duy trì và cập nhật bản dịch tiếng Việt > > *Chúc may mắn!* +
+
+

+ Become a sponsor and support Coding Interview University! +

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+ Special thanks to: +

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+ Applying to jobs? Autofill all your applications in 1-click. +

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+ Stop manually re-entering your information. Simplify’s extension helps you autofill jobs & internship applications on millions of sites. +
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+ Founded in 2018, OSS Capital is the first and only venture capital platform focused
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+ Dev environments built for the cloud +

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+ Natively integrated with GitLab, GitHub, and Bitbucket, Gitpod automatically and continuously prebuilds dev environments for all your branches. As a result team members can instantly start coding with fresh dev environments for each new task - no matter if you are building a new feature, want to fix a bug, or work on a code review. +
+ +

+
+
+ ## Giới thiệu Đây là kế hoạch học tập trong nhiều tháng của tôi, để từ một nhà phát triển web (tự học, không có bằng cấp về Khoa Học Máy Tính - KHMT) trở thành một kỹ sư phần mềm ở Google. -![Viết code trên bảng - ảnh trích từ bộ phim Silicon Valley của HBO](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) +![Viết code trên bảng - ảnh trích từ bộ phim Silicon Valley của HBO](https://d3j2pkmjtin6ou.cloudfront.net/coding-at-the-whiteboard-silicon-valley.png) Danh sách dài này được trích và mở rộng từ **Ghi chú huấn luyện của Google**, vậy nên đây là những gì bạn cần biết. Một vài mục tôi thêm vào ở cuối danh sách có thể xuất hiện trong cuộc phỏng vấn hoặc hữu ích cho việc giải quyết các bài toán về lập trình. Nhiều mục đến từ bài viết [Lấy được việc ở Google (Get that job at Google)](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)" của Steve Yegge. @@ -207,7 +260,7 @@ Ok, bây giờ bạn có thể bắt đầu: - Check các phần đã hoàn thành bằng cách thêm `x` vào giữa cặp ngoặc vuông (`[ ]`), như thế này: `[x]`. - Chạy `git add .` để bắt đầu lưu lại các thay đổi. - Chạy `git commit -m "commit message" `. Thay `commit message` với ghi chú của bạn cho sự thay đổi đó. -- Đồng bộ thay đổi với bản fork trên Github của bạn bằng `git push origin master`. +- Đồng bộ thay đổi với bản fork trên Github của bạn bằng `git push origin main`. ## Đừng nghĩ rằng bạn không đủ thông minh @@ -277,7 +330,7 @@ Bạn sẽ thấy vài tài liệu về C, C++ và Python bên dưới, vì tôi ### Chuẩn bị phỏng vấn -- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Coding Your Way Through the Interview, 4nd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Through-Interview/dp/111941847X/) - Có câu trả lời bằng C++ và Java - Được khuyến khích bởi các khóa hướng dẫn của Google. - Đây là một phần luyện tập tốt trước khi bắt đầu với quyển Cracking the Coding Interview @@ -429,7 +482,7 @@ Tôi đã làm một trang mobile-first (lấy mobile là trọng tâm phát tri Tự tạo cho mình hoàn toàn miễn phí: - [Repo của trang thẻ ghi nhớ](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [Cơ sở dữ liệu thẻ ghi nhớ của tôi](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): Lưu ý là tôi có đi hơi xa và các thẻ ghi nhớ có thể bao gồm cả hợp ngữ (ngôn ngữ máy) và Python cho đến cả máy học (machine learning) và thống kê. Như thế là quá nhiều cho các yêu cầu từ Google. +- [Cơ sở dữ liệu thẻ ghi nhớ của tôi](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/main/cards-jwasham.db): Lưu ý là tôi có đi hơi xa và các thẻ ghi nhớ có thể bao gồm cả hợp ngữ (ngôn ngữ máy) và Python cho đến cả máy học (machine learning) và thống kê. Như thế là quá nhiều cho các yêu cầu từ Google. **Ghi chú dành cho các thẻ ghi nhớ:** Lần đầu tiên bạn nhận ra bạn biết câu trả lời, đừng đánh dấu là đã biết.Bạn phải xem thẻ tương tự và đưa ra câu trả lời chính xác vài lần trước khi bạn thực sự khẳng định đã nắm được vấn đề. Lặp đi lặp lại việc này sẽ giúp kiến thức được khắc sâu vào não bạn. @@ -662,7 +715,7 @@ Hãy viết code trên bảng đen hoặc trên giấy. Đừng sử dụng máy - Tìm kiếm nhị phân sử dụng đệ quy - ### Toán tử trên bit - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - bạn nên thuộc lòng nhiều lũy thừa của 2 (từ 2^1 đến 2^16 và 2^32) + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - bạn nên thuộc lòng nhiều lũy thừa của 2 (từ 2^1 đến 2^16 và 2^32) - [ ] Hãy chuẩn bị một nền tảng tốt về các biến đổi bit với các toán tử: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - [ ] [words (thuật ngữ trong kiến trúc máy tính)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture) ) - [ ] Bài mở đầu: @@ -692,7 +745,6 @@ Hãy viết code trên bảng đen hoặc trên giấy. Đừng sử dụng máy ## Cây - ### Cây - Ghi chú và kiến thức nền - - [ ] [Chuỗi bài giảng: Căn bản về cây](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) - [ ] [Chuỗi bài giảng: Cây](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) - Xây dựng cây cơ bản. - Duyệt cây. @@ -925,7 +977,7 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - Khi nào thích hợp để sử dụng? - Đệ quy đuôi tốt hơn hay không như thế nào? - [ ] [Đệ quy đuôi là gì Tại sao nó không tốt(What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad)?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - - [ ] [Đệ quy đuôi (Tail Recursion) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) + - [ ] [Đệ quy đuôi (Tail Recursion) (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1) - ### Quy hoạch động - Chủ đề này có thể hơi khó, và các bài toán giải được bằng quy hoạch động (Dynamic Programming - DP) phải được định nghĩa ở dạng quan hệ hồi quy, và tìm ra giải pháp quy hoạch động cũng không đơn giản. @@ -1413,7 +1465,7 @@ Các trang giải toán lập trình: - [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) - [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) - [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com) Xem thêm: - [Phỏng vấn thử nghiệm](http://www.gainlo.co/) @@ -1605,7 +1657,6 @@ Bạn không bao giờ thực sự học xong! - ### Trình dọn rác > Trình dọn rác (garbage collection) là một tính năng của các ngôn ngữ lập trình cấp cao, trong đó hệ thông tự động thu hồi vùng nhớ của các data (biến, đối tượng) không còn được sử dụng nữa, và cấp phát chúng cho các data mới. Trước khi có tính năng này, lập trình viên phải quản lý vùng nhớ thủ công, tự xin cấp phát và tự giải phóng. - - [ ] [Garbage collection (Java); Augmenting data str (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) - [ ] [Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) @@ -1900,7 +1951,7 @@ Hãy ngồi xuống và thưởng thức. "Luyện kỹ năng với Netflix" :P - [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) +- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t) - [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) @@ -1941,7 +1992,7 @@ Hãy ngồi xuống và thưởng thức. "Luyện kỹ năng với Netflix" :P - [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) -- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=9D558D49CA734A02) +- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9D558D49CA734A02) - [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/)