24 lines
86 KiB
HTML
24 lines
86 KiB
HTML
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transparent;outline-offset:2px;color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-500);display:none;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-weight:600;}.css-tomzwu:hover,.css-tomzwu[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-tomzwu:focus,.css-tomzwu[data-focus]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}@media screen and (min-width: 30em){.css-tomzwu{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}}@media screen and (min-width: 48em){.css-tomzwu{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}}</style><a target="_blank" class="chakra-link css-tomzwu" href="https://twitter.com/dmytrobol"><style data-emotion="css 1bgbs7z">.css-1bgbs7z{border-radius:var(--chakra-radii-full);margin-right:7px;width:22px;}</style><img alt="" src="/authors/dmytrobol.png" class="chakra-image css-1bgbs7z"/>Dmytro Bolkachov</a><style data-emotion="css 16hbmpr">.css-16hbmpr{display:none;-webkit-margin-start:7px;margin-inline-start:7px;-webkit-margin-end:7px;margin-inline-end:7px;color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-500);}@media screen and (min-width: 30em){.css-16hbmpr{display:inline;}}@media screen and (min-width: 48em){.css-16hbmpr{display:inline;}}</style><span class="chakra-text css-16hbmpr">·</span><style data-emotion="css q9k0mw">.css-q9k0mw{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-500);}</style><span class="chakra-text css-q9k0mw">March 1, 2021</span><style data-emotion="css hdjuk6">.css-hdjuk6{display:none;-webkit-margin-start:7px;margin-inline-start:7px;-webkit-margin-end:7px;margin-inline-end:7px;color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-500);}@media screen and (min-width: 30em){.css-hdjuk6{display:none;}}@media screen and (min-width: 48em){.css-hdjuk6{display:inline;}}</style><span class="chakra-text css-hdjuk6">·</span><style data-emotion="css 44g9xm">.css-44g9xm{transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;color:var(--chakra-colors-blue-500);display:none;font-weight:500;}.css-44g9xm:hover,.css-44g9xm[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-44g9xm:focus,.css-44g9xm[data-focus]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}@media screen and (min-width: 30em){.css-44g9xm{display:none;}}@media screen and (min-width: 48em){.css-44g9xm{display:inline;}}</style><a target="_blank" class="chakra-link css-44g9xm" href="https://github.com/kamranahmedse/developer-roadmap/tree/master/content/guides/what-is-internet.md">Improve this Guide</a></div><style data-emotion="css 114bhkb">.css-114bhkb{font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-heading);font-weight:700;font-size:30px;line-height:40px;color:var(--chakra-colors-black);margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:5px;}@media screen and (min-width: 30em){.css-114bhkb{font-size:30px;line-height:40px;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:5px;}}@media screen and (min-width: 48em){.css-114bhkb{font-size:45px;line-height:53px;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}}</style><h1 class="chakra-heading css-114bhkb">How does the internet work?</h1><style data-emotion="css 1vh4uni">.css-1vh4uni{font-size:14px;color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-700);}@media screen and (min-width: 30em){.css-1vh4uni{font-size:14px;}}@media screen and (min-width: 48em){.css-1vh4uni{font-size:16px;}}</style><p class="chakra-text css-1vh4uni">Learn the basics of internet and everything involved with this short video series</p></div></div><style data-emotion="css 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0.625em;}legend{box-sizing:border-box;color:inherit;display:table;max-width:100%;padding:0;white-space:normal;}progress{vertical-align:baseline;}textarea{overflow:auto;}[type="checkbox"],[type="radio"]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;}[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{-webkit-appearance:none!important;}input[type="number"]{-moz-appearance:textfield;}[type="search"]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px;}[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none!important;}::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit;}details{display:block;}summary{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-list-item;display:-ms-list-itembox;display:list-item;}template{display:none;}[hidden]{display:none!important;}body,blockquote,dl,dd,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,hr,figure,p,pre{margin:0;}button{background:transparent;padding:0;}fieldset{margin:0;padding:0;}ol,ul{margin:0;padding:0;}textarea{resize:vertical;}button,[role="button"]{cursor:pointer;}button::-moz-focus-inner{border:0!important;}table{border-collapse:collapse;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{padding:0;line-height:inherit;color:inherit;}img,svg,video,canvas,audio,iframe,embed,object{display:block;}img,video{max-width:100%;height:auto;}[data-js-focus-visible] :focus:not([data-focus-visible-added]){outline:none;box-shadow:none;}select::-ms-expand{display:none;}</style><style data-emotion="css-global 1baqkrf">body{font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-body);color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-800);background:var(--chakra-colors-white);transition-property:background-color;transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-normal);line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-base);}*::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-400);}*::-moz-placeholder{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-400);}*:-ms-input-placeholder{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-400);}*::placeholder{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-400);}*,*::before,::after{border-color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-200);word-wrap:break-word;}</style><p class="sc-bdvvtL kiIUjN">Since the explosive growth of web-based applications, every developer could stand to benefit from understanding how the Internet works. In this article, accompanied with an introductory series of short videos about the Internet from <a href="https://code.org" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="sc-crHmcD gJMBjK">code.org</a>, you will learn the basics of the Internet and how it works. After going through this article, you will be able to answer the below questions:</p><ul class="sc-egiyK gfrORe"><li class="sc-bqiRlB xTMXv">What is the Internet?</li><li class="sc-bqiRlB xTMXv">How does the information move on the internet?</li><li class="sc-bqiRlB xTMXv">How do the networks talk to each other and the protocols involved?</li><li class="sc-bqiRlB xTMXv">What's the relationship between packets, routers, and reliability? </li><li class="sc-bqiRlB xTMXv">HTTP and the HTML – How are you viewing this webpage in your browser?</li><li class="sc-bqiRlB xTMXv">How is the information transfer on the internet made secure?</li><li class="sc-bqiRlB xTMXv">What is cybersecurity and what are some common internet crimes?</li></ul><h2 class="sc-dkPtRN sc-hKwDye dKUOdJ kqfgwy">What is the Internet?</h2><p class="sc-bdvvtL kiIUjN">The Internet is a global network of computers connected to each other which communicate through a standardized set of protocols. </p><p class="sc-bdvvtL kiIUjN">In the video below, Vint Cerf, one of the "fathers of the internet," explains the history of how the Internet works and how no one person or organization is really in charge of it. </p><div class="sc-kDTinF csUndQ"><iframe frameBorder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Dxcc6ycZ73M" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h2 class="sc-dkPtRN sc-hKwDye dKUOdJ kqfgwy">Wires, Cables, and Wi-Fi</h2><p class="sc-bdvvtL kiIUjN">Information on the Internet moves from computer to another in the form of bits over various mediums, including Ethernet cables, fiber optic cables, and wireless signals (i.e., radio waves).</p><p class="sc-bdvvtL kiIUjN">In the video linked below, you will learn about the different mediums for data transfer on the Internet and the pros and cons for each. </p><div class="sc-kDTinF csUndQ"><iframe frameBorder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZhEf7e4kopM" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h2 class="sc-dkPtRN sc-hKwDye dKUOdJ kqfgwy">IP Addresses and DNS</h2><p class="sc-bdvvtL kiIUjN">Now that you know about the physical medium for the data transfer over the internet, it's time to learn about the protocols involved. How does the information traverse from one computer to another in this massive global network of computers? </p><p class="sc-bdvvtL kiIUjN">In the video below, you will get a brief introduction to IP, DNS, and how these protocols make the Internet work. </p><div class="sc-kDTinF csUndQ"><iframe frameBorder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5o8CwafCxnU" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h2 class="sc-dkPtRN sc-hKwDye dKUOdJ kqfgwy">Packets, Routing, and Reliability</h2><p class="sc-bdvvtL kiIUjN">Information transfer on the Internet from one computer to another does not need to follow a fixed path; in fact, it may change paths during the transfer. This information transfer is done in the form of packets and these packets may follow different routes depending on certain factors.</p><p class="sc-bdvvtL kiIUjN">In this video, you will learn about how the packets of information are routed from one computer to another to reach the destination. </p><div class="sc-kDTinF csUndQ"><iframe frameBorder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AYdF7b3nMto" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h2 class="sc-dkPtRN sc-hKwDye dKUOdJ kqfgwy">HTTP and HTML</h2><p class="sc-bdvvtL kiIUjN">HTTP is the standard protocol by which webpages are transferred over the Internet. The video below is a brief introduction to HTTP and how web browsers load websites for you.</p><div class="sc-kDTinF csUndQ"><iframe frameBorder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kBXQZMmiA4s" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h2 class="sc-dkPtRN sc-hKwDye dKUOdJ kqfgwy">Encryption and Public Keys</h2><p class="sc-bdvvtL kiIUjN">Cryptography is what keeps our communication secure on the Internet. In this short video, you will learn the basics of cryptograpy, SSL/TLS, and how they help make the communication on the Internet secure.</p><div class="sc-kDTinF csUndQ"><iframe frameBorder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZghMPWGXexs" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h2 class="sc-dkPtRN sc-hKwDye dKUOdJ kqfgwy">Cybersecurity and Crime</h2><p class="sc-bdvvtL kiIUjN">In this video, you will learn about the basics of cybersecurity and common cybercrimes</p><div class="sc-kDTinF csUndQ"><iframe frameBorder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AuYNXgO_f3Y" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><p class="sc-bdvvtL kiIUjN">And that wraps it up for this article. To learn more about the Internet, <a href="https://twitter.com/kamranahmedse" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="sc-crHmcD gJMBjK">Kamran Ahmed</a> has a nice little guide on <a href="/guides/dns-in-one-picture" target="_self" class="sc-crHmcD gJMBjK">DNS: How a website is found on the Internet</a>. Also, go through the episodes of <a href="https://howdns.works/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="sc-crHmcD gJMBjK">howdns.works</a> and read this <a href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/2018/05/a-cartoon-intro-to-dns-over-https/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="sc-crHmcD gJMBjK">cartoon intro to DNS over HTTPS</a>.</p><span></span></div></div><style data-emotion="css zeuzl6">.css-zeuzl6{background:var(--chakra-colors-white);border-top-width:1px;padding-top:45px;padding-bottom:60px;text-align:center;}@media screen and (min-width: 30em){.css-zeuzl6{padding-top:45px;padding-bottom:60px;}}@media screen and (min-width: 48em){.css-zeuzl6{padding-top:70px;padding-bottom:90px;}}</style><div class="css-zeuzl6"><div class="chakra-container css-nm5t63"><style data-emotion="css 482acf">.css-482acf{font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-heading);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-bold);font-size:25px;line-height:1.33;margin-bottom:10px;}@media screen and (min-width: 30em){.css-482acf{font-size:25px;margin-bottom:10px;}}@media screen and (min-width: 48em){.css-482acf{font-size:35px;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:20px;}}</style><h2 class="chakra-heading css-482acf">Open Source</h2><style data-emotion="css tmji1h">.css-tmji1h{line-height:26px;font-size:15px;margin-bottom:20px;}@media screen and (min-width: 30em){.css-tmji1h{font-size:15px;}}@media screen and (min-width: 48em){.css-tmji1h{font-size:16px;}}</style><p class="chakra-text css-tmji1h">The project is OpenSource, <style data-emotion="css 1om4i6h">.css-1om4i6h{transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;color:inherit;border-bottom-width:1px;font-weight:600;}.css-1om4i6h:hover,.css-1om4i6h[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1om4i6h:focus,.css-1om4i6h[data-focus]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}</style><a target="_blank" class="chakra-link css-1om4i6h" href="https://github.com/search?o=desc&q=stars%3A%3E100000&s=stars&type=Repositories">7th most starred project on GitHub</a> and is visited by hundreds of thousands of developers every month.</p><iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=kamranahmedse&repo=developer-roadmap&type=star&count=true&size=large" frameBorder="0" scrolling="0" width="170" height="30" style="margin:auto;margin-bottom:30px" title="GitHub"></iframe><style data-emotion="css mz2q9v">.css-mz2q9v{line-height:25px;font-size:15px;margin-bottom:15px;}@media screen and (min-width: 30em){.css-mz2q9v{line-height:25px;font-size:15px;}}@media screen and (min-width: 48em){.css-mz2q9v{line-height:26px;font-size:16px;}}</style><p class="chakra-text css-mz2q9v">A considerable amount of my time is spent doing unpaid community work on things that I hope will help humanity in some way. 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