190 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
190 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
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---
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id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036176
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title: 使用 State 切換元素
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challengeType: 6
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forumTopicId: 301421
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dashedName: use-state-to-toggle-an-element
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---
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# --description--
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有時可能在更新狀態的時候想知道上一個狀態是什麼。 但是狀態更新是異步的,這意味着 React 可能會把多個 `setState()` 集中在一起批量更新。 所以計算下一個值時 `this.state` 或者 `this.props` 不能作爲當前值。 所以最好不要寫如下的代碼:
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```jsx
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this.setState({
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counter: this.state.counter + this.props.increment
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});
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```
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正確的做法是,給 `setState` 傳入一個函數,這個函數可以訪問 state 和 props。 給 `setState` 傳入函數可以保證 state 和 props 是正確的值。 代碼可以重寫爲這樣:
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```jsx
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this.setState((state, props) => ({
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counter: state.counter + props.increment
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}));
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```
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如果只需要 `state`,那麼用下面沒有 `props` 的格式也是可以的:
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```jsx
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this.setState(state => ({
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counter: state.counter + 1
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}));
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```
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注意一定要把 object 放在括號裏,否則 JavaScript 會認爲這只是代碼片段。
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# --instructions--
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`MyComponent` 有一個初始值爲 `false` 的`visibility` 屬性。 如果 `visibility` 的值爲 true,render 方法返回一個視圖,如果爲 false,返回另一個視圖。
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目前,無法更新組件 `state` 中的 `visibility` 屬性, 該值應在 true 和 false 之間來回切換。 按鈕上有一個單擊處理程序,它觸發一個名爲 `toggleVisibility()` 的類方法。 給函數傳入 `setState` 來定義此方法,以便 `visibility` 的 `state` 在調用方法時切換到相反的值。 如果 `visibility` 是 `false`,則該方法將其設置爲`true`,反之亦然。
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最後,單擊按鈕以查看基於其 `state` 的組件的條件渲染。
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**提示:** 不要忘記將 `this` 關鍵字綁定到 `constructor` 中的方法上!
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# --hints--
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`MyComponent` 應該返回一個 `div` 元素,其中包含一個 `button` 元素。
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```js
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assert.strictEqual(
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Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent)).find('div').find('button')
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.length,
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1
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);
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```
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`MyComponent` 應該使用設置爲 `false` 的 `visibility` 屬性來初始化其 state。
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```js
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assert.strictEqual(
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Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent)).state('visibility'),
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false
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);
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```
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單擊按鈕元素應在 `true` 和 `false` 之間切換 `visibility` 屬性的狀態。
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```js
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(() => {
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const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent));
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const first = () => {
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mockedComponent.setState({ visibility: false });
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return mockedComponent.state('visibility');
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};
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const second = () => {
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mockedComponent.find('button').simulate('click');
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return mockedComponent.state('visibility');
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};
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const third = () => {
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mockedComponent.find('button').simulate('click');
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return mockedComponent.state('visibility');
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};
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const firstValue = first();
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const secondValue = second();
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const thirdValue = third();
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assert(!firstValue && secondValue && !thirdValue);
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})();
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```
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應該給 `setState` 傳入一個匿名函數。
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```js
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const paramRegex = '[a-zA-Z$_]\\w*(,[a-zA-Z$_]\\w*)?';
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assert(
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new RegExp(
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'this\\.setState\\((function\\(' +
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paramRegex +
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'\\){|([a-zA-Z$_]\\w*|\\(' +
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paramRegex +
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'\\))=>)'
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).test(__helpers.removeWhiteSpace(code))
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);
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```
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不要在 `setState` 裏面使用 `this`。
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```js
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assert(!/this\.setState\([^}]*this/.test(code));
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```
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# --seed--
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## --after-user-code--
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```jsx
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ReactDOM.render(<MyComponent />, document.getElementById('root'));
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```
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## --seed-contents--
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```jsx
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class MyComponent extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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this.state = {
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visibility: false
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};
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// Change code below this line
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// Change code above this line
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}
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// Change code below this line
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// Change code above this line
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render() {
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if (this.state.visibility) {
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return (
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<div>
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<button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button>
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<h1>Now you see me!</h1>
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</div>
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);
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} else {
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return (
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<div>
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<button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button>
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</div>
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);
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}
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}
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}
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```
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# --solutions--
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```jsx
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class MyComponent extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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this.state = {
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visibility: false
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};
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this.toggleVisibility = this.toggleVisibility.bind(this);
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}
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toggleVisibility() {
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this.setState(state => ({
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visibility: !state.visibility
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}));
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}
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render() {
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if (this.state.visibility) {
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return (
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<div>
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<button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button>
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<h1>Now you see me!</h1>
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</div>
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);
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} else {
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return (
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<div>
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<button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button>
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</div>
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);
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}
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}
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}
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```
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