2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036180
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2021-03-05 08:43:24 -07:00
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title: 使用 shouldComponentUpdate 优化重新渲染
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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challengeType: 6
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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forumTopicId: 301398
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2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
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dashedName: optimize-re-renders-with-shouldcomponentupdate
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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---
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --description--
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2021-03-05 08:43:24 -07:00
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到目前为止,如果任何组件接收到新的 `state` 或新的 `props`,它会重新渲染自己及其所有子组件。 这通常是好的。 但是 React 提供了一种生命周期方法,当子组件接收到新的 `state` 或 `props` 时,可以调用该方法,并特别声明组件是否应该更新。 这个方法就是 `shouldComponentUpdate()`,它将 `nextProps` 和 `nextState` 作为参数。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2021-03-05 08:43:24 -07:00
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这种方法是优化性能的有效方法。 例如,默认行为是,当组件接收到新的 `props` 时,即使 `props` 没有改变,它也会重新渲染。 可以通过使用 `shouldComponentUpdate()` 比较 `props` 来防止这种情况发生。 该方法必须返回一个 `boolean`(布尔值),该值告诉 React 是否更新组件。 可以比较当前的 props(`this.props`)和下一个 props(`nextProps`),以确定你是否需要更新,并相应地返回 `true` 或 `false`。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --instructions--
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2021-03-05 08:43:24 -07:00
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将 `shouldComponentUpdate()` 方法添加到名为 `OnlyEvens` 的组件中。 目前,该方法返回 `true`,因此每次收到新的 `props` 时,`OnlyEvens` 都会重新渲染。 修改该方法,以便 `OnlyEvens` 仅在其新 props 的 `value` 为偶数时更新。 单击 `Add` 按钮,在触发其他生命周期钩子时,在浏览器控制台中查看事件的顺序。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --hints--
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2021-03-05 08:43:24 -07:00
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`Controller` 组件应该将 `OnlyEvens` 组件渲染为子组件。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```js
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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assert(
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(() => {
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const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Controller));
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return (
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mockedComponent.find('Controller').length === 1 &&
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mockedComponent.find('OnlyEvens').length === 1
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);
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})()
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);
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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2021-03-05 08:43:24 -07:00
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应该在 `OnlyEvens` 组件上定义 `shouldComponentUpdate` 方法。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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```js
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assert(
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(() => {
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const child = React.createElement(OnlyEvens)
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.type.prototype.shouldComponentUpdate.toString()
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.replace(/s/g, '');
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return child !== 'undefined';
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})()
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);
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```
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2021-03-05 08:43:24 -07:00
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`OnlyEvens` 组件应该返回一个 `h1` 标签,该标签渲染 `this.props.value` 的值。
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```js
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2021-02-06 04:42:36 +00:00
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(() => {
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Controller));
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const first = () => {
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mockedComponent.setState({ value: 1000 });
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return mockedComponent.find('h1').html();
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};
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const second = () => {
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mockedComponent.setState({ value: 10 });
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return mockedComponent.find('h1').html();
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};
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const firstValue = first();
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const secondValue = second();
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assert(firstValue === '<h1>1000</h1>' && secondValue === '<h1>10</h1>');
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})();
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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```
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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2021-03-05 08:43:24 -07:00
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只有在 `nextProps.value` 为偶数时,`OnlyEvens` 才会重新渲染。
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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```js
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2021-02-06 04:42:36 +00:00
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(() => {
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Controller));
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const first = () => {
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mockedComponent.setState({ value: 8 });
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return mockedComponent.find('h1').text();
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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};
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const second = () => {
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mockedComponent.setState({ value: 7 });
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return mockedComponent.find('h1').text();
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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};
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const third = () => {
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mockedComponent.setState({ value: 42 });
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2021-02-06 04:42:36 +00:00
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return mockedComponent.find('h1').text();
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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};
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const firstValue = first();
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const secondValue = second();
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const thirdValue = third();
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assert(firstValue === '8' && secondValue === '8' && thirdValue === '42');
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})();
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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2020-08-13 17:24:35 +02:00
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2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
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# --seed--
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## --after-user-code--
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```jsx
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ReactDOM.render(<Controller />, document.getElementById('root'));
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```
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## --seed-contents--
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```jsx
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class OnlyEvens extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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}
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shouldComponentUpdate(nextProps, nextState) {
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console.log('Should I update?');
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// Change code below this line
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return true;
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// Change code above this line
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}
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componentDidUpdate() {
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console.log('Component re-rendered.');
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}
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render() {
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return <h1>{this.props.value}</h1>;
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}
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}
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class Controller extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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this.state = {
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value: 0
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};
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this.addValue = this.addValue.bind(this);
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}
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addValue() {
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this.setState(state => ({
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value: state.value + 1
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}));
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}
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render() {
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return (
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<div>
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<button onClick={this.addValue}>Add</button>
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<OnlyEvens value={this.state.value} />
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</div>
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);
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}
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}
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```
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --solutions--
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2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
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```jsx
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class OnlyEvens extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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}
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shouldComponentUpdate(nextProps, nextState) {
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console.log('Should I update?');
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// Change code below this line
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return nextProps.value % 2 === 0;
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// Change code above this line
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}
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componentDidUpdate() {
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console.log('Component re-rendered.');
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}
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render() {
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return <h1>{this.props.value}</h1>;
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}
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}
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class Controller extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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this.state = {
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value: 0
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};
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this.addValue = this.addValue.bind(this);
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}
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addValue() {
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this.setState(state => ({
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value: state.value + 1
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}));
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}
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render() {
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return (
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<div>
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<button onClick={this.addValue}>Add</button>
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<OnlyEvens value={this.state.value} />
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</div>
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);
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}
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}
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```
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