125 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
125 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: Breadth First Search (BFS)
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localeTitle: Первый поиск Breadth (BFS)
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---
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## Первый поиск Breadth (BFS)
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Breadth First Search - один из самых простых алгоритмов графа. Он пересекает график, сначала проверяя текущий узел, а затем расширяя его, добавляя своих преемников на следующий уровень. Процесс повторяется для всех узлов текущего уровня, прежде чем перейти на следующий уровень. Если решение найдено, поиск останавливается.
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### Визуализация
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### оценка
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Космическая сложность: O (n)
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Хуже того, сложность времени: O (n)
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Breadth First Search завершен на конечном множестве узлов и оптимален, если стоимость перехода от одного узла к другому постоянна.
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### Код C ++ для реализации BFS
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```cpp
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// Program to print BFS traversal from a given
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// source vertex. BFS(int s) traverses vertices
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// reachable from s.
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#include<iostream>
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#include <list>
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using namespace std;
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// This class represents a directed graph using
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// adjacency list representation
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class Graph
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{
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int V; // No. of vertices
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// Pointer to an array containing adjacency
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// lists
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list<int> *adj;
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public:
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Graph(int V); // Constructor
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// function to add an edge to graph
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void addEdge(int v, int w);
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// prints BFS traversal from a given source s
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void BFS(int s);
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};
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Graph::Graph(int V)
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{
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this->V = V;
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adj = new list<int>[V];
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}
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void Graph::addEdge(int v, int w)
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{
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adj[v].push_back(w); // Add w to v's list.
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}
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void Graph::BFS(int s)
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{
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// Mark all the vertices as not visited
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bool *visited = new bool[V];
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for(int i = 0; i < V; i++)
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visited[i] = false;
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// Create a queue for BFS
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list<int> queue;
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// Mark the current node as visited and enqueue it
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visited[s] = true;
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queue.push_back(s);
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// 'i' will be used to get all adjacent
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// vertices of a vertex
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list<int>::iterator i;
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while(!queue.empty())
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{
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// Dequeue a vertex from queue and print it
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s = queue.front();
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cout << s << " ";
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queue.pop_front();
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// Get all adjacent vertices of the dequeued
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// vertex s. If a adjacent has not been visited,
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// then mark it visited and enqueue it
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for (i = adj[s].begin(); i != adj[s].end(); ++i)
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{
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if (!visited[*i])
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{
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visited[*i] = true;
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queue.push_back(*i);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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// Driver program to test methods of graph class
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int main()
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{
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// Create a graph given in the above diagram
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Graph g(4);
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g.addEdge(0, 1);
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g.addEdge(0, 2);
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g.addEdge(1, 2);
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g.addEdge(2, 0);
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g.addEdge(2, 3);
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g.addEdge(3, 3);
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cout << "Following is Breadth First Traversal "
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<< "(starting from vertex 2) \n";
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g.BFS(2);
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return 0;
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}
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```
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#### Дополнительная информация:
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[диаграммы](https://github.com/freecodecamp/guides/computer-science/data-structures/graphs/index.md)
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[Глубина первого поиска (DFS)](https://github.com/freecodecamp/guides/tree/master/src/pages/algorithms/graph-algorithms/depth-first-search/index.md)
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