2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036176
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challengeType: 6
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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forumTopicId: 301421
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2020-10-01 17:54:21 +02:00
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title: 使用 State 切换元素
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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---
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## Description
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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<section id='description'>
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有时可能在更新状态的时候想知道上一个状态是什么。但是状态更新是异步的,这意味着 React 可能会把多个 <code>setState()</code> 集中在一起批量更新。所以设置 <code>this.state</code> 或者 <code>this.props</code> 后值没有立即更新。所以最好不要写如下的代码:
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```js
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this.setState({
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counter: this.state.counter + this.props.increment
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});
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```
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正确的做法是,给 <code>setState</code> 传入一个函数,这个函数可以访问 state 和 props。给 <code>setState</code> 传入函数可以返回赋值后的 state 和 props。代码可以重写为这样:
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```js
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this.setState((state, props) => ({
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counter: state.counter + props.increment
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}));
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```
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如果只需要 `state`,那么用下面的格式也是可以的:
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```js
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this.setState(state => ({
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counter: state.counter + 1
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}));
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```
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注意一定要把 object 放在括号里,否则 JavaScript 会认为这只是代码片段。
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</section>
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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## Instructions
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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<section id='instructions'>
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<code>MyComponent</code>有一个初始值为<code>false</code>的<code>visibility</code>属性。如果<code>visibility</code>的值为 true,render 方法返回一个视图,如果为 false,返回另一个视图。
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目前,无法更新组件的<code>state</code>中的<code>visibility</code>属性,该值应在 true 和 false 之间来回切换。按钮上有一个单击处理程序,它触发一个名为<code>toggleVisibility()</code>的类方法。定义此方法,以便<code>visibility</code>的<code>state</code>在调用方法时切换到相反的值。如果<code>visibility</code>是<code>false</code>,则该方法将其设置为<code>true</code>,反之亦然。
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最后,单击按钮以查看基于其<code>state</code>的组件的条件渲染。
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<strong>提示:</strong> 不要忘记将<code>this</code>关键字绑定到构造函数中的方法上!
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</section>
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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## Tests
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<section id='tests'>
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```yml
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tests:
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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- text: <code>MyComponent</code>应该返回一个<code>div</code>元素,其中包含一个<code>button</code>元素。
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testString: assert.strictEqual(Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent)).find('div').find('button').length, 1);
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- text: <code>MyComponent</code>应该使用设置为<code>false</code>的<code>visibility</code>属性来初始化其 state。
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testString: assert.strictEqual(Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent)).state('visibility'), false);
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- text: 单击按钮元素应在<code>true</code>和<code>false</code>之间切换<code>visibility</code>属性的状态。
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testString: 'async () => { const waitForIt = (fn) => new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => resolve(fn()), 250)); const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent)); const first = () => { mockedComponent.setState({ visibility: false }); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.state(''visibility'')); }; const second = () => { mockedComponent.find(''button'').simulate(''click''); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.state(''visibility'')); }; const third = () => { mockedComponent.find(''button'').simulate(''click''); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.state(''visibility'')); }; const firstValue = await first(); const secondValue = await second(); const thirdValue = await third(); assert(!firstValue && secondValue && !thirdValue); }; '
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- text: 应该传入<code>setState</code> 一个匿名函数。
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testString: const paramRegex = '[a-zA-Z$_]\\w*(,[a-zA-Z$_]\\w*)?'; const noSpaces = code.replace(/\s/g, ''); assert(new RegExp('this\\.setState\\((function\\(' + paramRegex + '\\){|([a-zA-Z$_]\\w*|\\(' + paramRegex + '\\))=>)').test(noSpaces));
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- text: 不要在 <code>setState</code> 里面使用 <code>this</code>。
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testString: assert(!/this\.setState\([^}]*this/.test(code));
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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</section>
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## Challenge Seed
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<section id='challengeSeed'>
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<div id='jsx-seed'>
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```jsx
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class MyComponent extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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this.state = {
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visibility: false
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};
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// change code below this line
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// change code above this line
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}
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// change code below this line
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// change code above this line
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render() {
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if (this.state.visibility) {
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return (
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<div>
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<button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button>
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<h1>Now you see me!</h1>
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</div>
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);
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} else {
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return (
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<div>
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<button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button>
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</div>
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);
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}
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}
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};
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```
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</div>
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### After Test
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<div id='jsx-teardown'>
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```js
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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ReactDOM.render(<MyComponent />, document.getElementById('root'))
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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</div>
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</section>
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## Solution
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<section id='solution'>
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```js
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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class MyComponent extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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this.state = {
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visibility: false
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};
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this.toggleVisibility = this.toggleVisibility.bind(this);
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}
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toggleVisibility() {
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this.setState(state => ({
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visibility: !state.visibility
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}));
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}
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render() {
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if (this.state.visibility) {
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return (
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<div>
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<button onClick = {this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button>
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<h1>Now you see me!</h1>
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</div>
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);
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} else {
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return (
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<div>
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<button onClick = {this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button>
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</div>
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);
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}
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}
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};
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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2020-08-13 17:24:35 +02:00
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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</section>
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