45 lines
		
	
	
		
			1.0 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
		
		
			
		
	
	
			45 lines
		
	
	
		
			1.0 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
|   | --- | |||
|  | title: Ruby Hash | |||
|  | localeTitle: Ruby哈希 | |||
|  | --- | |||
|  | ## Ruby哈希
 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | 哈希表示不同键,值对的集合。它也被称为关联数组。要在Ruby中创建哈希,请使用大括号并使用逗号分隔每个键值对。 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```ruby | |||
|  | my_hash = {:key1 => "value", :key2 => "value2"}  | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | 您可以通过以下方式创建哈希 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```ruby | |||
|  | my_hash = Hash.new  # with empty hash  | |||
|  |  my_hash = {:key1 => "value", :key2 => "value2"} # with key's and value's defined  | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | 您可以使用方括号和键引用访问哈希中键的值 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```ruby | |||
|  | my_hash[:key1]  # value  | |||
|  |  my_hash[:key2]  # value2  | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | 您可以为已定义的哈希分配新密钥和值 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```ruby | |||
|  | my_hash[:key3] = "value3" # {:key1=>"value", :key2=>"value2", :key3=>"value3"}  | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | 您可以使用`length`方法检查哈希的元素数量: | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```ruby | |||
|  | my_hash.length # 2  | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | 您也可以将整数创建为散列键,但语法与通常的不同 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```ruby | |||
|  | my_hash = {1: "value"} # will raise an exception  | |||
|  |  my_hash = {1 => "value"} # will create hash with corresponding key value pair  | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ``` |