2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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---
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id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036169
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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title: 将 Props 传递给无状态函数组件
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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challengeType: 6
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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forumTopicId: 301402
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2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
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dashedName: pass-props-to-a-stateless-functional-component
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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---
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --description--
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之前的挑战涵盖了关于在 React 中创建和组合 JSX 元素、函数组件和 ES6 风格的类组件的很多内容。有了这个基础,现在是时候看看 React 中的另一个常见特性 **props** 了。在 React 中,你可以将属性传递给子组件。假设你有一个`App`组件,该组件渲染了一个名为`Welcome`的子组件,它是一个无状态函数组件。你可以通过以下方式给`Welcome`传递一个`user`属性:
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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```jsx
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<App>
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<Welcome user='Mark' />
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</App>
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```
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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使用**自定义 HTML 属性**,React 支持将属性`user`传递给组件`Welcome`。由于`Welcome`是一个无状态函数组件,它可以像这样访问该值:
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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```jsx
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const Welcome = (props) => <h1>Hello, {props.user}!</h1>
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```
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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调用`props`这个值是常见做法,当处理无状态函数组件时,你基本上可以将其视为返回 JSX 的函数的参数。这样,你就可以在函数体中访问该值。但对于类组件,访问方式会略有不同。
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --instructions--
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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代码编辑器中有`Calendar`和`CurrentDate`组件。从`Calendar`组件渲染`CurrentDate`时,从 JavaScript 的`Date`对象分配当前日期,并将其作为`date`属性传入。然后访问`CurrentDate`组件的`prop`,并在`p`标签中显示其值。请注意,要将`prop`的值视为 JavaScript,必须将它们括在花括号中,例如`date={Date()}`。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --hints--
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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`Calendar`组件应该返回单个`div`元素。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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```js
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assert(
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(function () {
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const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Calendar));
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return mockedComponent.children().type() === 'div';
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})()
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);
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```
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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`Calendar`组件的第二个子元素应该是`CurrentDate`组件。
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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```js
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assert(
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(function () {
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const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Calendar));
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return mockedComponent.children().childAt(1).name() === 'CurrentDate';
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})()
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);
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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`CurrentDate`组件应该有一个名为`date`的属性。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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```js
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assert(
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(function () {
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const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Calendar));
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return mockedComponent.children().childAt(1).props().date;
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})()
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);
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```
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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`CurrentDate`的`date`属性应该包含一段文本字符串。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```js
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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assert(
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(function () {
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const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Calendar));
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const prop = mockedComponent.children().childAt(1).props().date;
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return typeof prop === 'string' && prop.length > 0;
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})()
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);
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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`CurrentDate`组件应该把`date`属性渲染在`p`标签内。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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```js
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assert(/<CurrentDatedate={Date\(\)}\/>/.test(code.replace(/\s/g, '')));
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```
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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`CurrentDate` 组件应该把 `date` 属性渲染在 `p` 标签内。
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```js
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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let date = 'dummy date';
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assert(
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(function () {
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const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(
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React.createElement(CurrentDate, { date })
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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);
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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return mockedComponent.find('p').html().includes(date);
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})()
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);
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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2020-08-13 17:24:35 +02:00
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2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
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# --seed--
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## --after-user-code--
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```jsx
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ReactDOM.render(<Calendar />, document.getElementById('root'))
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```
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## --seed-contents--
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```jsx
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const CurrentDate = (props) => {
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return (
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<div>
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{ /* Change code below this line */ }
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<p>The current date is: </p>
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{ /* Change code above this line */ }
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</div>
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);
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};
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class Calendar extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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}
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render() {
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return (
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<div>
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<h3>What date is it?</h3>
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{ /* Change code below this line */ }
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<CurrentDate />
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{ /* Change code above this line */ }
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</div>
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);
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}
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};
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```
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --solutions--
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2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
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```jsx
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const CurrentDate = (props) => {
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return (
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<div>
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{ /* Change code below this line */ }
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<p>The current date is: {props.date}</p>
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{ /* Change code above this line */ }
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</div>
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);
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};
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class Calendar extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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}
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render() {
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return (
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<div>
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<h3>What date is it?</h3>
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{ /* Change code below this line */ }
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<CurrentDate date={Date()} />
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{ /* Change code above this line */ }
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</div>
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);
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}
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};
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```
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