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---
id: 5a9d7295424fe3d0e10cad14
title: Cascading CSS variables
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cyLZZhZ'
---
## Description
< section id = 'description' >
When you create a variable, it becomes available for you to use inside the element in which you create it. It also becomes available within any elements nested within it. This effect is known as < dfn > cascading< / dfn > .
Because of cascading, CSS variables are often defined in the < dfn > :root< / dfn > element.
< code > :root< / code > is a < dfn > pseudo-class< / dfn > selector that matches the root element of the document, usually the < code > < html > < / code > element. By creating your variables in < code > :root< / code > , they will be available globally and can be accessed from any other selector later in the style sheet.
< / section >
## Instructions
< section id = 'instructions' >
Define a variable named < code > --penguin-belly< / code > in the < code > :root< / code > selector and give it the value of < code > pink< / code > . You can then see how the value will cascade down to change the value to pink, anywhere that variable is used.
< / section >
## Tests
< section id = 'tests' >
```yml
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tests:
- text: 'declare the < code > --penguin-belly</ code > variable in the < code > :root</ code > and assign it to < code > pink</ code > .'
testString: 'assert(code.match(/:root\s*?{[\s\S]*--penguin-belly\s*?:\s*?pink\s*?;[\s\S]*}/gi), ''declare the < code > --penguin-belly</ code > variable in the < code > :root</ code > and assign it to < code > pink</ code > .'');'
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```
< / section >
## Challenge Seed
< section id = 'challengeSeed' >
< div id = 'html-seed' >
```html
< style >
:root {
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/* add code below */
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/* add code above */
}
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body {
background: var(--penguin-belly, #c6faf1 );
}
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.penguin {
--penguin-skin: gray;
--penguin-beak: orange;
position: relative;
margin: auto;
display: block;
margin-top: 5%;
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
}
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.right-cheek {
top: 15%;
left: 35%;
background: var(--penguin-belly, white);
width: 60%;
height: 70%;
border-radius: 70% 70% 60% 60%;
}
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.left-cheek {
top: 15%;
left: 5%;
background: var(--penguin-belly, white);
width: 60%;
height: 70%;
border-radius: 70% 70% 60% 60%;
}
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.belly {
top: 60%;
left: 2.5%;
background: var(--penguin-belly, white);
width: 95%;
height: 100%;
border-radius: 120% 120% 100% 100%;
}
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.penguin-top {
top: 10%;
left: 25%;
background: var(--penguin-skin, gray);
width: 50%;
height: 45%;
border-radius: 70% 70% 60% 60%;
}
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.penguin-bottom {
top: 40%;
left: 23.5%;
background: var(--penguin-skin, gray);
width: 53%;
height: 45%;
border-radius: 70% 70% 100% 100%;
}
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.right-hand {
top: 0%;
left: -5%;
background: var(--penguin-skin, gray);
width: 30%;
height: 60%;
border-radius: 30% 30% 120% 30%;
transform: rotate(45deg);
z-index: -1;
}
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.left-hand {
top: 0%;
left: 75%;
background: var(--penguin-skin, gray);
width: 30%;
height: 60%;
border-radius: 30% 30% 30% 120%;
transform: rotate(-45deg);
z-index: -1;
}
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.right-feet {
top: 85%;
left: 60%;
background: var(--penguin-beak, orange);
width: 15%;
height: 30%;
border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%;
transform: rotate(-80deg);
z-index: -2222;
}
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.left-feet {
top: 85%;
left: 25%;
background: var(--penguin-beak, orange);
width: 15%;
height: 30%;
border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50%;
transform: rotate(80deg);
z-index: -2222;
}
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.right-eye {
top: 45%;
left: 60%;
background: black;
width: 15%;
height: 17%;
border-radius: 50%;
}
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.left-eye {
top: 45%;
left: 25%;
background: black;
width: 15%;
height: 17%;
border-radius: 50%;
}
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.sparkle {
top: 25%;
left: 15%;
background: white;
width: 35%;
height: 35%;
border-radius: 50%;
}
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.blush-right {
top: 65%;
left: 15%;
background: pink;
width: 15%;
height: 10%;
border-radius: 50%;
}
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.blush-left {
top: 65%;
left: 70%;
background: pink;
width: 15%;
height: 10%;
border-radius: 50%;
}
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.beak-top {
top: 60%;
left: 40%;
background: var(--penguin-beak, orange);
width: 20%;
height: 10%;
border-radius: 50%;
}
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.beak-bottom {
top: 65%;
left: 42%;
background: var(--penguin-beak, orange);
width: 16%;
height: 10%;
border-radius: 50%;
}
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.penguin * {
position: absolute;
}
< / style >
< div class = "penguin" >
< div class = "penguin-bottom" >
< div class = "right-hand" > < / div >
< div class = "left-hand" > < / div >
< div class = "right-feet" > < / div >
< div class = "left-feet" > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "penguin-top" >
< div class = "right-cheek" > < / div >
< div class = "left-cheek" > < / div >
< div class = "belly" > < / div >
< div class = "right-eye" >
< div class = "sparkle" > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "left-eye" >
< div class = "sparkle" > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "blush-right" > < / div >
< div class = "blush-left" > < / div >
< div class = "beak-top" > < / div >
< div class = "beak-bottom" > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
```
< / div >
< / section >
## Solution
< section id = 'solution' >
```js
var code = ":root {--penguin-belly: pink;}"
```
< / section >
