2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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---
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id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036170
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title: Create a Stateful Component
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challengeType: 6
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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forumTopicId: 301391
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localeTitle: 创建一个有状态的组件
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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---
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## Description
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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<section id='description'>
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React中最重要的主题之一是<code>state</code>。 state 包含应用程序需要了解的任何数据,这些数据可能会随时间而变化。你希望应用程序能够响应 state 的变更,并在必要时显示更新后的 UI。React 为现代 Web 应用程序的状态管理提供了一个很好的解决方案。
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你可以通过在<code>constructor</code>中的组件类上声明<code>state</code>属性来在 React 组件中创建 state,它在创建时使用<code>state</code>初始化组件。<code>state</code>属性必须设置为 JavaScript<code>对象</code>。声明如下:
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```jsx
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this.state = {
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// describe your state here
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}
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```
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你可以在组件的整个生命周期内访问<code>state</code>对象,你可以更新它、在 UI 中渲染它,也可以将其作为 props 传递给子组件。<code>state</code>对象的使用可以很简单,亦可以很复杂,就看你怎么用了。请注意,你必须通过扩展<code>React.Component</code>来创建类组件,以便像这样创建<code>state</code>。
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</section>
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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## Instructions
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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<section id='instructions'>
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代码编辑器中有一个组件试图从其<code>state</code>中渲染一个<code>name</code>属性,但是<code>state</code>还没有定义。在<code>constructor</code>中使用<code>state</code>初始化组件,并将你的名字赋给<code>name</code>属性。
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</section>
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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## Tests
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<section id='tests'>
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```yml
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tests:
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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- text: <code>StatefulComponent</code>应该存在并被渲染。
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2020-02-18 01:40:55 +09:00
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testString: assert((function() { const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(StatefulComponent)); return mockedComponent.find('StatefulComponent').length === 1; })());
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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- text: <code>StatefulComponent</code>应该渲染一个<code>div</code>元素和一个<code>h1</code>元素。
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2020-02-18 01:40:55 +09:00
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testString: assert((function() { const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(StatefulComponent)); return mockedComponent.find('div').length === 1 && mockedComponent.find('h1').length === 1; })());
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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- text: 应使用被设置为字符串的<code>name</code>属性来初始化<code>StatefulComponent</code>的 state。
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2020-02-18 01:40:55 +09:00
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testString: assert((function() { const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(StatefulComponent)); const initialState = mockedComponent.state(); return ( typeof initialState === 'object' && typeof initialState.name === 'string'); })());
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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- text: <code>StatefulComponent</code>中 state 的<code>name</code>属性应该渲染在<code>h1</code>元素里。
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2020-02-18 01:40:55 +09:00
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testString: assert((function() { const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(StatefulComponent)); const initialState = mockedComponent.state(); return mockedComponent.find('h1').text() === initialState.name; })());
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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</section>
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## Challenge Seed
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<section id='challengeSeed'>
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<div id='jsx-seed'>
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```jsx
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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class StatefulComponent extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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// initialize state here
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}
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render() {
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return (
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<div>
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<h1>{this.state.name}</h1>
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</div>
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);
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}
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};
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```
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</div>
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### After Test
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<div id='jsx-teardown'>
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```js
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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ReactDOM.render(<StatefulComponent />, document.getElementById('root'))
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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</div>
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</section>
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## Solution
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<section id='solution'>
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```js
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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class StatefulComponent extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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this.state = {
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name: 'freeCodeCamp!'
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}
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}
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render() {
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return (
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<div>
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<h1>{this.state.name}</h1>
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</div>
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);
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}
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};
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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2020-08-13 17:24:35 +02:00
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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</section>
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