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								---
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								id: 5900f45b1000cf542c50ff6d
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								title: 'Problem 238: Infinite string tour'
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								challengeType: 5
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2019-08-05 09:17:33 -07:00 
										
									 
								 
							 
							
								
									
										 
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								forumTopicId: 301883
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								dashedName: problem-238-infinite-string-tour
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								---
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --description--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Create a sequence of numbers using the "Blum Blum Shub" pseudo-random number generator:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								$$
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								s_0 = 14025256 \\\\
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								s_{n + 1} = {s_n}^2 \\; mod \\; 20\\,300\\,713
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								$$
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Concatenate these numbers $s_0s_1s_2\ldots$ to create a string $w$ of infinite length. Then, $w = 14025256741014958470038053646\ldots$
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								For a positive integer $k$, if no substring of $w$ exists with a sum of digits equal to $k$, $p(k)$ is defined to be zero. If at least one substring of $w$ exists with a sum of digits equal to $k$, we define $p(k) = z$, where $z$ is the starting position of the earliest such substring.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								For instance:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								The substrings 1, 14, 1402, … with respective sums of digits equal to 1, 5, 7, … start at position 1, hence $p(1) = p(5) = p(7) = \ldots = 1$.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								The substrings 4, 402, 4025, … with respective sums of digits equal to 4, 6, 11, … start at position 2, hence $p(4) = p(6) = p(11) = \ldots = 2$.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								The substrings 02, 0252, … with respective sums of digits equal to 2, 9, … start at position 3, hence $p(2) = p(9) = \ldots = 3$.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Note that substring 025 starting at position 3, has a sum of digits equal to 7, but there was an earlier substring (starting at position 1) with a sum of digits equal to 7, so $p(7) = 1$, not 3.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								We can verify that, for $0 <  k ≤ {10}^3$, $\sum p(k) = 4742$.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Find $\sum p(k)$, for $0 <  k ≤ 2 \times {10}^{15}$.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --hints--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								`infiniteStringTour()`  should return `9922545104535660` . 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```js
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								assert.strictEqual(infiniteStringTour(), 9922545104535660);
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --seed--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								## --seed-contents--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```js
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								function infiniteStringTour() {
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								  return true;
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								}
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								infiniteStringTour();
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --solutions--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```js
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								// solution required
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								```