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								---
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								id: 5900f5111000cf542c510023
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								title: 'Problem 420: 2x2 positive integer matrix'
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								challengeType: 5
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2019-08-05 09:17:33 -07:00 
										
									 
								 
							 
							
								
									
										 
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								forumTopicId: 302090
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00 
										
									 
								 
							 
							
								
									
										 
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								dashedName: problem-420-2x2-positive-integer-matrix
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								---
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --description--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								A positive integer matrix is a matrix whose elements are all positive integers.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Some positive integer matrices can be expressed as a square of a positive integer matrix in two different ways. Here is an example:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								$$\begin{pmatrix}
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								  40 &  12 \\\\
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								  48 &  40
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								\end{pmatrix} =
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								{\begin{pmatrix}
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								  2 &  3 \\\\
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								 12 &  2
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								\end{pmatrix}}^2 =
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								{\begin{pmatrix}
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								  6 &  1 \\\\
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								  4 &  6
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								\end{pmatrix}}^2$$
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								We define $F(N)$ as the number of the 2x2 positive integer matrices which have a trace less than N and which can be expressed as a square of a positive integer matrix in two different ways.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								We can verify that $F(50) = 7$ and $F(1000) = 1019$.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								Find $F({10}^7)$.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --hints--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								`positiveIntegerMatrix()`  should return `145159332` . 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```js
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								assert.strictEqual(positiveIntegerMatrix(), 145159332);
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --seed--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								## --seed-contents--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```js
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								function positiveIntegerMatrix() {
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								  return true;
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								}
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								positiveIntegerMatrix();
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --solutions--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```js
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								// solution required
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								```