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								---
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								id: 5900f5141000cf542c510027
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								title: 'Problem 423: Consecutive die throws'
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								challengeType: 5
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2019-08-05 09:17:33 -07:00 
										
									 
								 
							 
							
								
									
										 
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								forumTopicId: 302093
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00 
										
									 
								 
							 
							
								
									
										 
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								dashedName: problem-423-consecutive-die-throws
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00 
										
									 
								 
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								---
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --description--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Let $n$ be a positive integer.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								A 6-sided die is thrown $n$ times. Let $c$ be the number of pairs of consecutive throws that give the same value.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								For example, if $n = 7$ and the values of the die throws are (1, 1, 5, 6, 6, 6, 3), then the following pairs of consecutive throws give the same value:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								$$\begin{align}
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								  &  (\underline{1}, \underline{1}, 5, 6, 6, 6, 3) \\\\
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								  &  (1, 1, 5, \underline{6}, \underline{6}, 6, 3) \\\\
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								  &  (1, 1, 5, 6, \underline{6}, \underline{6}, 3)
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								\end{align}$$
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Therefore, $c = 3$ for (1, 1, 5, 6, 6, 6, 3).
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Define $C(n)$ as the number of outcomes of throwing a 6-sided die $n$ times such that $c$ does not exceed $π(n)$.< sup > 1< / sup > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								For example, $C(3) = 216$, $C(4) = 1290$, $C(11) = 361\\,912\\,500$ and $C(24) = 4\\,727\\,547\\,363\\,281\\,250\\,000$.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								Define $S(L)$ as $\sum C(n)$ for $1 ≤ n ≤ L$.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								For example, $S(50)\bmod 1\\,000\\,000\\,007 = 832\\,833\\,871$.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								Find $S(50\\,000\\,000)\bmod 1\\,000\\,000\\,007$.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								< sup > 1< / sup >  $π$ denotes the prime-counting function, i.e. $π(n)$ is the number of primes $≤ n$. 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --hints--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								`consecutiveDieThrows()`  should return `653972374` . 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```js
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								assert.strictEqual(consecutiveDieThrows(), 653972374);
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --seed--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								## --seed-contents--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```js
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								function consecutiveDieThrows() {
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								  return true;
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								}
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								consecutiveDieThrows();
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --solutions--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```js
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								// solution required
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								```