2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
id: 587d7daf367417b2b2512b7e
|
2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
|
|
|
title: 了解构造函数属性
|
2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
|
|
|
challengeType: 1
|
2020-08-04 15:15:28 +08:00
|
|
|
forumTopicId: 301327
|
2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
|
|
|
dashedName: understand-the-constructor-property
|
2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
|
|
|
# --description--
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在上一个挑战中创建的实例对象`duck`和`beagle`都有一个特殊的`constructor`属性:
|
2020-08-04 15:15:28 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
let duck = new Bird();
|
|
|
|
let beagle = new Dog();
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(duck.constructor === Bird); //prints true
|
|
|
|
console.log(beagle.constructor === Dog); //prints true
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
|
|
|
需要注意到的是这个`constructor`属性是对创建这个实例的构造函数的一个引用。 `constructor`属性存在的一个优势是,我们可以通过检查这个属性来找出它是一个什么样的对象。下面是一个例子,来看看是怎么使用的:
|
2020-08-04 15:15:28 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
function joinBirdFraternity(candidate) {
|
|
|
|
if (candidate.constructor === Bird) {
|
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
|
|
|
**注意:**
|
|
|
|
由于`constructor`属性可以被重写(在下面两节挑战中将会遇到),所以使用`instanceof`方法来检查对象的类型会更好。
|
2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
|
|
|
# --instructions--
|
2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
|
|
|
写一个`joinDogFraternity`函数,传入一个`candidate`参数并使用`constructor`属性来判断传入的 candidate 是不是`Dog`创建的对象实例,如果是,就返回`true`,否则返回`false`。
|
2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
|
|
|
# --hints--
|
2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
|
|
|
`joinDogFraternity`应该被定义为一个函数。
|
2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
|
|
|
assert(typeof joinDogFraternity === 'function');
|
2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
|
|
|
如果`candidate`是`Dog`的一个对象实例,则`joinDogFraternity`函数应该返回`true`。
|
2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
assert(joinDogFraternity(new Dog('')) === true);
|
|
|
|
```
|
2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
|
|
|
|
2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
|
|
|
`joinDogFraternity`中应该用到`constructor`属性。
|
2020-08-04 15:15:28 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
|
|
|
```js
|
2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
|
|
|
assert(/\.constructor/.test(code) && !/instanceof/.test(code));
|
2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
|
|
|
```
|
2020-08-04 15:15:28 +08:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
|
|
|
# --seed--
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## --seed-contents--
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
function Dog(name) {
|
|
|
|
this.name = name;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Only change code below this line
|
|
|
|
function joinDogFraternity(candidate) {
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
|
|
|
# --solutions--
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
function Dog(name) {
|
|
|
|
this.name = name;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
function joinDogFraternity(candidate) {
|
|
|
|
return candidate.constructor === Dog;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
```
|