Files
freeCodeCamp/curriculum/challenges/chinese/03-front-end-libraries/react/create-a-controlled-form.md

216 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
Raw Normal View History

---
id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036179
title: 创建一个可以控制的表单
challengeType: 6
forumTopicId: 301384
dashedName: create-a-controlled-form
---
# --description--
上一个挑战展示了 React 能控制某些元素的内部 state比如`input``textarea`,这使得这些元素成为受控组件。这也适用于其他表单元素,包括常规的 HTML 表单`form`元素。
# --instructions--
`MyForm`组件中是一个带有提交处理程序的空`form`元素,提交处理程序将在提交表单时被调用。
我们增加了一个提交表单的按钮。你可以看到它的`type`被设置为`submit`,表明它是控制表单的按钮。在表单中添加`input`元素,并像上次挑战一样设置其`value``onChange()`属性。然后,你应该完成`handleSubmit`方法,以便将组件 state 属性`submit`设置为本地`state`下的当前输入值。
**注意:** 你还必须在提交处理程序中调用`event.preventDefault()`,以防止默认的表单提交行为刷新网页。
最后,在`form`元素之后创建一个`h1`标签,该标签从组件的`state`渲染`submit`的值。然后,你可以在表单中键入任何内容,然后单击按钮(或按 enter 键),你的输入会渲染到页面上。
# --hints--
`MyForm`应该返回一个包含`form``h1`标签的`div`元素,其中,表单中应该包括一个`input`和一个`button`
```js
assert(
(() => {
const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyForm));
return (
mockedComponent.find('div').children().find('form').length === 1 &&
mockedComponent.find('div').children().find('h1').length === 1 &&
mockedComponent.find('form').children().find('input').length === 1 &&
mockedComponent.find('form').children().find('button').length === 1
);
})()
);
```
`MyForm`的 state 应该用`input``submit`属性初始化,且两者都为空字符串。
```js
assert(
Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyForm)).state('input') === '' &&
Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyForm)).state('submit') === ''
);
```
`input`元素中的输入应该会更新组件中 state 的`input`属性。
```js
async () => {
const waitForIt = (fn) =>
new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => resolve(fn()), 250));
const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyForm));
const _1 = () => {
mockedComponent.setState({ input: '' });
return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.state('input'));
};
const _2 = () => {
mockedComponent
.find('input')
.simulate('change', { target: { value: 'TestInput' } });
return waitForIt(() => ({
state: mockedComponent.state('input'),
inputVal: mockedComponent.find('input').props().value
}));
};
const before = await _1();
const after = await _2();
assert(
before === '' &&
after.state === 'TestInput' &&
after.inputVal === 'TestInput'
);
};
```
提交表单应该运行`handleSubmit`,它应该将 state 中的`submit`属性设置为当前输入。
```js
async () => {
const waitForIt = (fn) =>
new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => resolve(fn()), 250));
const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyForm));
const _1 = () => {
mockedComponent.setState({ input: '' });
mockedComponent.setState({ submit: '' });
mockedComponent
.find('input')
.simulate('change', { target: { value: 'SubmitInput' } });
return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.state('submit'));
};
const _2 = () => {
mockedComponent.find('form').simulate('submit');
return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.state('submit'));
};
const before = await _1();
const after = await _2();
assert(before === '' && after === 'SubmitInput');
};
```
`h1`标题应该从组件的 state 渲染`submit`字段的值。
```js
async () => {
const waitForIt = (fn) =>
new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => resolve(fn()), 250));
const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyForm));
const _1 = () => {
mockedComponent.setState({ input: '' });
mockedComponent.setState({ submit: '' });
mockedComponent
.find('input')
.simulate('change', { target: { value: 'TestInput' } });
return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find('h1').text());
};
const _2 = () => {
mockedComponent.find('form').simulate('submit');
return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find('h1').text());
};
const before = await _1();
const after = await _2();
assert(before === '' && after === 'TestInput');
};
```
# --seed--
## --after-user-code--
```jsx
ReactDOM.render(<MyForm />, document.getElementById('root'));
```
## --seed-contents--
```jsx
class MyForm extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
input: '',
submit: ''
};
this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
this.handleSubmit = this.handleSubmit.bind(this);
}
handleChange(event) {
this.setState({
input: event.target.value
});
}
handleSubmit(event) {
// Change code below this line
// Change code above this line
}
render() {
return (
<div>
<form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
{/* Change code below this line */}
{/* Change code above this line */}
<button type='submit'>Submit!</button>
</form>
{/* Change code below this line */}
{/* Change code above this line */}
</div>
);
}
}
```
# --solutions--
```jsx
class MyForm extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
input: '',
submit: ''
};
this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
this.handleSubmit = this.handleSubmit.bind(this);
}
handleChange(event) {
this.setState({
input: event.target.value
});
}
handleSubmit(event) {
event.preventDefault();
this.setState(state => ({
submit: state.input
}));
}
render() {
return (
<div>
<form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
<input value={this.state.input} onChange={this.handleChange} />
<button type='submit'>Submit!</button>
</form>
<h1>{this.state.submit}</h1>
</div>
);
}
}
```