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---
id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036179
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title: 创建一个可以控制的表单
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challengeType: 6
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forumTopicId: 301384
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dashedName: create-a-controlled-form
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---
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# --description--
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上一个挑战展示了 React 能控制某些元素的内部 state, 比如`input` 和`textarea` ,这使得这些元素成为受控组件。这也适用于其他表单元素,包括常规的 HTML 表单`form` 元素。
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# --instructions--
`MyForm` 组件中是一个带有提交处理程序的空`form` 元素,提交处理程序将在提交表单时被调用。
我们增加了一个提交表单的按钮。你可以看到它的`type` 被设置为`submit` ,表明它是控制表单的按钮。在表单中添加`input` 元素,并像上次挑战一样设置其`value` 和`onChange()` 属性。然后,你应该完成`handleSubmit` 方法,以便将组件 state 属性`submit` 设置为本地`state` 下的当前输入值。
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**注意:** 你还必须在提交处理程序中调用`event.preventDefault()` ,以防止默认的表单提交行为刷新网页。
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最后,在`form` 元素之后创建一个`h1` 标签,该标签从组件的`state` 渲染`submit` 的值。然后,你可以在表单中键入任何内容,然后单击按钮(或按 enter 键),你的输入会渲染到页面上。
# --hints--
`MyForm` 应该返回一个包含`form` 和`h1` 标签的`div` 元素,其中,表单中应该包括一个`input` 和一个`button` 。
```js
assert(
(() => {
const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyForm));
return (
mockedComponent.find('div').children().find('form').length === 1 & &
mockedComponent.find('div').children().find('h1').length === 1 & &
mockedComponent.find('form').children().find('input').length === 1 & &
mockedComponent.find('form').children().find('button').length === 1
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);
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})()
);
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```
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`MyForm` 的 state 应该用`input` 和`submit` 属性初始化,且两者都为空字符串。
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```js
assert(
Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyForm)).state('input') === '' & &
Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyForm)).state('submit') === ''
);
```
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`input` 元素中的输入应该会更新组件中 state 的`input` 属性。
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```js
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async () => {
const waitForIt = (fn) =>
new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => resolve(fn()), 250));
const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyForm));
const _1 = () => {
mockedComponent.setState({ input: '' });
return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.state('input'));
};
const _2 = () => {
mockedComponent
.find('input')
.simulate('change', { target: { value: 'TestInput' } });
return waitForIt(() => ({
state: mockedComponent.state('input'),
inputVal: mockedComponent.find('input').props().value
}));
};
const before = await _1();
const after = await _2();
assert(
before === '' & &
after.state === 'TestInput' & &
after.inputVal === 'TestInput'
);
};
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```
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提交表单应该运行`handleSubmit` ,它应该将 state 中的`submit` 属性设置为当前输入。
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```js
async () => {
const waitForIt = (fn) =>
new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => resolve(fn()), 250));
const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyForm));
const _1 = () => {
mockedComponent.setState({ input: '' });
mockedComponent.setState({ submit: '' });
mockedComponent
.find('input')
.simulate('change', { target: { value: 'SubmitInput' } });
return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.state('submit'));
};
const _2 = () => {
mockedComponent.find('form').simulate('submit');
return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.state('submit'));
};
const before = await _1();
const after = await _2();
assert(before === '' & & after === 'SubmitInput');
};
```
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`h1` 标题应该从组件的 state 渲染`submit` 字段的值。
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```js
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async () => {
const waitForIt = (fn) =>
new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => resolve(fn()), 250));
const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyForm));
const _1 = () => {
mockedComponent.setState({ input: '' });
mockedComponent.setState({ submit: '' });
mockedComponent
.find('input')
.simulate('change', { target: { value: 'TestInput' } });
return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find('h1').text());
};
const _2 = () => {
mockedComponent.find('form').simulate('submit');
return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find('h1').text());
};
const before = await _1();
const after = await _2();
assert(before === '' & & after === 'TestInput');
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};
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```
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# --seed--
## --after-user-code--
```jsx
ReactDOM.render(< MyForm / > , document.getElementById('root'));
```
## --seed-contents--
```jsx
class MyForm extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
input: '',
submit: ''
};
this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
this.handleSubmit = this.handleSubmit.bind(this);
}
handleChange(event) {
this.setState({
input: event.target.value
});
}
handleSubmit(event) {
// Change code below this line
// Change code above this line
}
render() {
return (
< div >
< form onSubmit = {this.handleSubmit} >
{/* Change code below this line */}
{/* Change code above this line */}
< button type = 'submit' > Submit!< / button >
< / form >
{/* Change code below this line */}
{/* Change code above this line */}
< / div >
);
}
}
```
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# --solutions--
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```jsx
class MyForm extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
input: '',
submit: ''
};
this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
this.handleSubmit = this.handleSubmit.bind(this);
}
handleChange(event) {
this.setState({
input: event.target.value
});
}
handleSubmit(event) {
event.preventDefault();
this.setState(state => ({
submit: state.input
}));
}
render() {
return (
< div >
< form onSubmit = {this.handleSubmit} >
< input value = {this.state.input} onChange = {this.handleChange} / >
< button type = 'submit' > Submit!< / button >
< / form >
< h1 > {this.state.submit}< / h1 >
< / div >
);
}
}
```