2019-05-06 07:31:26 -04:00
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---
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id: 587d7fb6367417b2b2512c07
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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title: 创建一个模型
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2020-08-16 04:43:26 +05:30
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challengeType: 2
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2020-09-17 03:53:54 -07:00
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forumTopicId: 301535
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2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
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dashedName: create-a-model
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2019-05-06 07:31:26 -04:00
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---
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --description--
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2021-01-13 00:31:18 +08:00
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**C**RUD 第一小节——CREATE
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2020-09-17 03:53:54 -07:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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首先,我们需要一个 Schema(架构、模式或纲要,详情请参阅[维基百科](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_schema)),每一个 Schema 都对应一个 MongoDB 的 [collection](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/glossary/#term-collection),并且在相应的 collection 里定义 [documents](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/glossary/#term-document) 的“样子”。 Schema 用于组成 Model(模型),我们甚至可以通过嵌套 Schema 来创建复杂的模型。但是这里我们只学习 Schema 的基础用法。 我们可以根据模型创建实例,模型实例化后的对象称为 documents。
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2020-09-17 03:53:54 -07:00
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2021-01-13 00:31:18 +08:00
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Repl.it 是一个真实的服务器。习惯上,我们会编写函数来处理外界与服务器中数据库的交互,这些函数会在特定事件发生(比如有人调用了我们的服务器 API)时执行。接下来的挑战题目即是以此为基础。`done()` 是一个回调函数,它的作用是在一个异步操作(比如对数据库进行插入、查询、更新或删除)执行完成时,通知我们可以继续执行后续的其它代码。这与 Node.js 中的处理方式十分类似,在 Node.js 中,我们会在(异步操作)成功时调用 `done(null, data)`,在失败时调用 `done(err)`。
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2020-09-17 03:53:54 -07:00
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注意:与远程服务器进行交互时,我们需要考虑到发生错误的可能
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```js
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/* 示例 */
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var someFunc = function(done) {
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//... do something (risky) ...
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if(error) return done(error);
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done(null, result);
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};
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```
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --instructions--
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2019-05-06 07:31:26 -04:00
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2021-01-13 00:31:18 +08:00
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按下面的原型信息创建一个名为 `personSchema` 的 schema:
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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2021-01-13 00:31:18 +08:00
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```markup
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- Person 的原型 -
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--------------------
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name : string [required]
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age : number
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2020-09-17 03:53:54 -07:00
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favoriteFoods : array of strings (*)
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2021-01-13 00:31:18 +08:00
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```
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采用 Mongoose 基础 schema 类型。你如果还想添加更多的键,就请使用 required 或 unique 等简单的验证器(validators),并设置默认值。详情请参考 [Mongoose 文档](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html)。
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请从 `personSchema` 创建一个名为 `Person` 的 model。
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2019-05-06 07:31:26 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --hints--
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2019-05-06 07:31:26 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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应当成功地通过 Mongoose schema 创建实例
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2019-05-06 07:31:26 -04:00
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```js
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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(getUserInput) =>
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$.post(getUserInput('url') + '/_api/mongoose-model', {
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name: 'Mike',
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age: 28,
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favoriteFoods: ['pizza', 'cheese']
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}).then(
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(data) => {
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assert.equal(data.name, 'Mike', '"model.name" is not what expected');
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assert.equal(data.age, '28', '"model.age" is not what expected');
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assert.isArray(
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data.favoriteFoods,
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'"model.favoriteFoods" is not an Array'
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);
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assert.include(
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data.favoriteFoods,
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'pizza',
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'"model.favoriteFoods" does not include the expected items'
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);
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assert.include(
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data.favoriteFoods,
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'cheese',
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'"model.favoriteFoods" does not include the expected items'
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);
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},
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(xhr) => {
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throw new Error(xhr.responseText);
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}
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);
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2019-05-06 07:31:26 -04:00
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```
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2020-08-13 17:24:35 +02:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --solutions--
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2021-01-13 00:31:18 +08:00
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```js
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/**
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2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
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Backend challenges don't need solutions,
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because they would need to be tested against a full working project.
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Please check our contributing guidelines to learn more.
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2021-01-13 00:31:18 +08:00
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*/
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```
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