2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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---
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id: 587d8255367417b2b2512c74
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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title: 创建优先级队列类
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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challengeType: 1
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videoUrl: ''
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2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
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dashedName: create-a-priority-queue-class
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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---
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --description--
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在此挑战中,您将创建一个优先级队列。优先级队列是一种特殊类型的队列,其中项目可能具有指定其优先级的附加信息。这可以简单地用整数表示。项目优先级将覆盖确定序列项目已出列的放置顺序。如果具有较高优先级的项目在具有较低优先级的项目之后排队,则较高优先级项目将在所有其他项目之前出列。例如,让我们假设我们有一个包含三个项目的优先级队列: `[['kitten', 2], ['dog', 2], ['rabbit', 2]]`这里第二个值(整数)表示项目优先级。如果我们将优先级为`1` `['human', 1]`排入队列(假设优先级较低,则优先级较低),那么它将成为第一个出列的项目。该集合将是这样的: `[['human', 1], ['kitten', 2], ['dog', 2], ['rabbit', 2]]` 。我们已经开始在代码编辑器中编写`PriorityQueue` 。您需要添加一个`enqueue`方法来添加具有优先级的项目,一个用于删除项目的`dequeue`方法,一个用于返回队列中项目数量的`size`方法,一个用于返回队列`front`元素的`front`方法,以及最后一个`isEmpty`方法,如果队列为空则返回`true` ,否则返回`false` 。入`enqueue`应接受上面显示格式的项目( `['human', 1]` ),其中`1`表示优先级。 `dequeue`应该只返回当前项目,而不是其优先级。
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# --hints--
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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您的`Queue`类应该有一个`enqueue`方法。
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```js
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assert(
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(function () {
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var test = new PriorityQueue();
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return typeof test.enqueue === 'function';
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})()
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);
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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您的`Queue`类应该有一个`dequeue`方法。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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```js
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assert(
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(function () {
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var test = new PriorityQueue();
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return typeof test.dequeue === 'function';
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})()
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);
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```
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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您的`Queue`类应该有一个`size`方法。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```js
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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assert(
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(function () {
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var test = new PriorityQueue();
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return typeof test.size === 'function';
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})()
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);
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```
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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您的`Queue`类应该有一个`isEmpty`方法。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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```js
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assert(
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(function () {
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var test = new PriorityQueue();
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return typeof test.isEmpty === 'function';
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})()
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);
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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当项目入队和出列时,您的PriorityQueue应使用`size`方法正确跟踪当前项目数。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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```js
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assert(
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(function () {
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var test = new PriorityQueue();
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test.enqueue(['David Brown', 2]);
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test.enqueue(['Jon Snow', 1]);
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var size1 = test.size();
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test.dequeue();
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var size2 = test.size();
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test.enqueue(['A', 3]);
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test.enqueue(['B', 3]);
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test.enqueue(['C', 3]);
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return size1 === 2 && size2 === 1 && test.size() === 4;
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})()
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);
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```
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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当队列为空时, `isEmpty`方法应该返回`true` 。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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```js
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assert(
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(function () {
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var test = new PriorityQueue();
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test.enqueue(['A', 1]);
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test.enqueue(['B', 1]);
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test.dequeue();
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var first = test.isEmpty();
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test.dequeue();
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return !first && test.isEmpty();
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})()
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);
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```
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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优先级队列应该在具有较低优先级的项之前返回具有较高优先级的项,否则以先进先出顺序返回项。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```js
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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assert(
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(function () {
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var test = new PriorityQueue();
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test.enqueue(['A', 5]);
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test.enqueue(['B', 5]);
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test.enqueue(['C', 5]);
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test.enqueue(['D', 3]);
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test.enqueue(['E', 1]);
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test.enqueue(['F', 7]);
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var result = [];
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result.push(test.dequeue());
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result.push(test.dequeue());
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result.push(test.dequeue());
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result.push(test.dequeue());
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result.push(test.dequeue());
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result.push(test.dequeue());
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return result.join('') === 'EDABCF';
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})()
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);
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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2020-08-13 17:24:35 +02:00
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2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
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# --seed--
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## --seed-contents--
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```js
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function PriorityQueue () {
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this.collection = [];
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this.printCollection = function() {
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console.log(this.collection);
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};
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// Only change code below this line
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// Only change code above this line
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}
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```
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --solutions--
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2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
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```js
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function PriorityQueue() {
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this.collection = [];
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this.printCollection = function () {
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console.log(this.collection);
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};
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// Only change code below this line
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this.enqueue = function (newitem) {
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if (this.isEmpty()) {
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return this.collection.push(newitem);
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}
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this.collection = this.collection.reverse();
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var found_index = this.collection.findIndex(function (item) {
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return newitem[1] >= item[1];
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});
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if (found_index === -1) {
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this.collection.push(newitem);
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} else {
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this.collection.splice(found_index, 0, newitem);
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}
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this.collection = this.collection.reverse();
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};
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this.dequeue = function () {
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if (!this.isEmpty()) {
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return this.collection.shift()[0];
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} else {
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return "The queue is empty.";
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}
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};
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this.size = function () {
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return this.collection.length;
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};
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this.front = function () {
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return this.collection[0][0];
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};
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this.isEmpty = function () {
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return this.size() > 0 ? false : true;
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};
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// Only change code above this line
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}
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```
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