2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								---
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								id: 5900f5351000cf542c510047
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								title: 'Problem 456: Triangles containing the origin II'
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2020-11-27 19:02:05 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								challengeType: 5
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2019-08-05 09:17:33 -07:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								forumTopicId: 302130
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								dashedName: problem-456-triangles-containing-the-origin-ii
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								---
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2020-11-27 19:02:05 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								# --description--
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2021-07-30 17:20:31 +02:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								Define:
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2021-07-30 17:20:31 +02:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								$$\begin{align}
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								  & x_n = ({1248}^n\bmod 32323) - 16161 \\\\
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								  & y_n = ({8421}^n\bmod 30103) - 15051 \\\\
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								  & P_n = \\{(x_1, y_1), (x_2, y_2), \ldots, (x_n, y_n)\\}
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								\end{align}$$
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2021-07-30 17:20:31 +02:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								For example,
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								$$P_8 = \\{(-14913, -6630), (-10161, 5625), (5226, 11896), (8340, -10778), (15852, -5203), (-15165, 11295), (-1427, -14495), (12407, 1060)\\}$$
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2021-07-30 17:20:31 +02:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								Let $C(n)$ be the number of triangles whose vertices are in $P_n$ which contain the origin in the interior.
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2021-07-30 17:20:31 +02:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								Examples:
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2021-07-30 17:20:31 +02:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								$$\begin{align}
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								  & C(8) = 20 \\\\
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								  & C(600) = 8\\,950\\,634 \\\\
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								  & C(40\\,000) = 2\\,666\\,610\\,948\\,988
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								\end{align}$$
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								Find $C(2\\,000\\,000)$.
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2020-11-27 19:02:05 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								# --hints--
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2021-07-30 17:20:31 +02:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								`trianglesContainingOriginTwo()` should return `333333208685971500`.
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2020-11-27 19:02:05 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								```js
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2021-07-30 17:20:31 +02:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								assert.strictEqual(trianglesContainingOriginTwo(), 333333208685971500);
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								```
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2020-11-27 19:02:05 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								# --seed--
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2020-11-27 19:02:05 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								## --seed-contents--
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								```js
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2021-07-30 17:20:31 +02:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								function trianglesContainingOriginTwo() {
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2020-09-15 09:57:40 -07:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								  return true;
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								}
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2021-07-30 17:20:31 +02:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								trianglesContainingOriginTwo();
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								```
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2020-11-27 19:02:05 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
									
										
									
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								# --solutions--
							 | 
						
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00
										 
									 
								 
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								```js
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								// solution required
							 | 
						
					
						
							| 
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
								
							 | 
							
							
								```
							 |