freeCodeCamp/curriculum/challenges/english/02-javascript-algorithms-and-data-structures/es6/compare-scopes-of-the-var-and-let-keywords.md

---
id: 587d7b87367417b2b2512b40
title: Compare Scopes of the var and let Keywords
challengeType: 1
forumTopicId: 301195
dashedName: compare-scopes-of-the-var-and-let-keywords
---

# --description--

When you declare a variable with the `var` keyword, it is declared globally, or locally if declared inside a function.

The `let` keyword behaves similarly, but with some extra features. When you declare a variable with the `let` keyword inside a block, statement, or expression, its scope is limited to that block, statement, or expression.

For example:

```js
var numArray = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  numArray.push(i);
}
console.log(numArray);
console.log(i);
```

Here the console will display the values `[0, 1, 2]` and `3`.

With the `var` keyword, `i` is declared globally. So when `i++` is executed, it updates the global variable. This code is similar to the following:

```js
var numArray = [];
var i;
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  numArray.push(i);
}
console.log(numArray);
console.log(i);
```

Here the console will display the values `[0, 1, 2]` and `3`.

This behavior will cause problems if you were to create a function and store it for later use inside a `for` loop that uses the `i` variable. This is because the stored function will always refer to the value of the updated global `i` variable.

```js
var printNumTwo;
for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  if (i === 2) {
    printNumTwo = function() {
      return i;
    };
  }
}
console.log(printNumTwo());
```

Here the console will display the value `3`.

As you can see, `printNumTwo()` prints 3 and not 2. This is because the value assigned to `i` was updated and the `printNumTwo()` returns the global `i` and not the value `i` had when the function was created in the for loop. The `let` keyword does not follow this behavior:

```js
let printNumTwo;
for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  if (i === 2) {
    printNumTwo = function() {
      return i;
    };
  }
}
console.log(printNumTwo());
console.log(i);
```

Here the console will display the value `2`, and an error that `i is not defined`.

`i` is not defined because it was not declared in the global scope. It is only declared within the `for` loop statement. `printNumTwo()` returned the correct value because three different `i` variables with unique values (0, 1, and 2) were created by the `let` keyword within the loop statement.

# --instructions--

Fix the code so that `i` declared in the `if` statement is a separate variable than `i` declared in the first line of the function. Be certain not to use the `var` keyword anywhere in your code.

This exercise is designed to illustrate the difference between how `var` and `let` keywords assign scope to the declared variable. When programming a function similar to the one used in this exercise, it is often better to use different variable names to avoid confusion.

# --hints--

`var` should not exist in code.

```js
assert(!code.match(/var/g));
```

The variable `i` declared in the `if` statement should equal the string `block scope`.

```js
assert(code.match(/(i\s*=\s*).*\s*.*\s*.*\1('|")block\s*scope\2/g));
```

`checkScope()` should return the string `function scope`

```js
assert(checkScope() === 'function scope');
```

# --seed--

## --seed-contents--

```js
function checkScope() {
  var i = 'function scope';
  if (true) {
    i = 'block scope';
    console.log('Block scope i is: ', i);
  }
  console.log('Function scope i is: ', i);
  return i;
}
```

# --solutions--

```js
function checkScope() {
  let i = 'function scope';
  if (true) {
    let i = 'block scope';
    console.log('Block scope i is: ', i);
  }
 
  console.log('Function scope i is: ', i);
  return i;
}
```