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										 |  |  |  | title: 全局作用域和函数 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | challengeType: 1 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cQM7mCN' | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | forumTopicId: 18193 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | dashedName: global-scope-and-functions | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --description--
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										 |  |  |  | 在 JavaScript 中,<dfn>作用域</dfn>涉及到变量的作用范围。 在函数外定义的变量具有 <dfn>全局</dfn> 作用域。 这意味着,具有全局作用域的变量可以在代码的任何地方被调用。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 这些没有使用 `var` 关键字定义的变量,会被自动创建在 `global` 作用域中,形成全局变量。 当在代码其他地方无意间定义了一个变量,刚好变量名与全局变量相同,这时会产生意想不到的后果。 因此你应该总是使用 `var` 关键字来声明你的变量。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --instructions--
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										 |  |  |  | 使用 `var`,在函数外声明一个全局变量 `myGlobal`, 并给它一个初始值 `10`。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 在函数 `fun1` 的内部,***不***使用 `var` 关键字,声明 `oopsGlobal`,并给它赋值为 `5`。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --hints--
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										 |  |  |  | 应定义 `myGlobal`。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | assert(typeof myGlobal != 'undefined'); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | `myGlobal` 的值应为 `10`。 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | assert(myGlobal === 10); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 应使用 `var` 关键字定义 `myGlobal`。 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | assert(/var\s+myGlobal/.test(code)); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | `oopsGlobal` 应为全局变量,值为 `5`。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | assert(typeof oopsGlobal != 'undefined' && oopsGlobal === 5); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --seed--
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							|  |  |  |  | ## --before-user-code--
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | var logOutput = ""; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | var originalConsole = console | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | function capture() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     var nativeLog = console.log; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     console.log = function (message) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         logOutput = message; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         if(nativeLog.apply) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |           nativeLog.apply(originalConsole, arguments); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         } else { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |           var nativeMsg = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments).join(' '); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |           nativeLog(nativeMsg); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     }; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | function uncapture() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   console.log = originalConsole.log; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | var oopsGlobal; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | capture(); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ## --after-user-code--
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | fun1(); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | fun2(); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | uncapture(); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | (function() { return logOutput || "console.log never called"; })(); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ## --seed-contents--
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | // Declare the myGlobal variable below this line | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | function fun1() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   // Assign 5 to oopsGlobal Here | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | // Only change code above this line | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | function fun2() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   var output = ""; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   if (typeof myGlobal != "undefined") { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     output += "myGlobal: " + myGlobal; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   if (typeof oopsGlobal != "undefined") { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     output += " oopsGlobal: " + oopsGlobal; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   console.log(output); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --solutions--
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										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | var myGlobal = 10; | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | function fun1() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   oopsGlobal = 5; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | function fun2() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   var output = ""; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   if(typeof myGlobal != "undefined") { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     output += "myGlobal: " + myGlobal; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   if(typeof oopsGlobal != "undefined") { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     output += " oopsGlobal: " + oopsGlobal; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   console.log(output); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` |