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							|  |  |  |  | id: 587d7db2367417b2b2512b89 | 
					
						
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											2021-03-14 21:20:39 -06:00
										 |  |  |  | title: 使用 Mixin 在不相关对象之间添加共同行为 | 
					
						
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											2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
										 |  |  |  | challengeType: 1 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | forumTopicId: 301331 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | dashedName: use-a-mixin-to-add-common-behavior-between-unrelated-objects | 
					
						
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											2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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										 |  |  |  | # --description--
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										 |  |  |  | 正如你所见,行为是可以通过继承来共享的。 然而,在有些情况下,继承不是最好的解决方案。 继承不适用于不相关的对象,比如 `Bird` 和 `Airplane`。 虽然它们都可以飞行,但是 `Bird` 并不是一种 `Airplane`,反之亦然。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 对于不相关的对象,更好的方法是使用 <dfn>mixins</dfn>。 mixin 允许其他对象使用函数集合。 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | let flyMixin = function(obj) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   obj.fly = function() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     console.log("Flying, wooosh!"); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | }; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | `flyMixin` 能接受任何对象,并为其提供 `fly` 方法。 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | let bird = { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   name: "Donald", | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   numLegs: 2 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | }; | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | let plane = { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   model: "777", | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   numPassengers: 524 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | }; | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | flyMixin(bird); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | flyMixin(plane); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 这里的 `flyMixin` 接收了`bird` 和 `plane` 对象,然后将 `fly` 方法分配给了每一个对象。 现在 `bird` 和 `plane` 都可以飞行了: | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | bird.fly(); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | plane.fly(); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 控制台将显示字符串 `Flying, wooosh!` 两次,每 `.fly()` 调用都会显示。 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | 注意观察 mixin 是如何允许相同的 `fly` 方法被不相关的对象 `bird` 和 `plane` 重用的。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --instructions--
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										 |  |  |  | 创建一个名为 `glideMixin` 的 mixin,并定义一个 `glide` 方法。 然后使用 `glideMixin` 来给 `bird` 和 `boat` 赋予滑行(glide)的能力。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --hints--
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										 |  |  |  | 你应该声明一个变量名为 `glideMixin` 的函数。 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | assert(typeof glideMixin === 'function'); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 你应该在 `bird`上使用 `glideMixin`,以提供 `glide` 方法。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | assert(typeof bird.glide === 'function'); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 你应该在 `boat` 上使用 `glideMixin`,以为其提供 `glide` 方法。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | assert(typeof boat.glide === 'function'); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --seed--
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							|  |  |  |  | ## --seed-contents--
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | let bird = { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   name: "Donald", | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   numLegs: 2 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | }; | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | let boat = { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   name: "Warrior", | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   type: "race-boat" | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | }; | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | // Only change code below this line | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --solutions--
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										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | let bird = { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   name: "Donald", | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   numLegs: 2 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | }; | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | let boat = { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   name: "Warrior", | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   type: "race-boat" | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | }; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | function glideMixin (obj) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   obj.glide = () => 'Gliding!'; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | glideMixin(bird); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | glideMixin(boat); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` |