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								---
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								id: 5900f4ab1000cf542c50ffbd
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								title: 'Problem 318: 2011 nines'
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								challengeType: 5
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2019-08-05 09:17:33 -07:00 
										
									 
								 
							 
							
								
									
										 
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								forumTopicId: 301974
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00 
										
									 
								 
							 
							
								
									
										 
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								dashedName: problem-318-2011-nines
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00 
										
									 
								 
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								---
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --description--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Consider the real number √2+√3.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								When we calculate the even powers of √2+√3
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								we get:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								(√2+√3)2 = 9.898979485566356...
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								(√2+√3)4 = 97.98979485566356...
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								(√2+√3)6 = 969.998969071069263...
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								(√2+√3)8 = 9601.99989585502907...
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								(√2+√3)10 = 95049.999989479221...
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								(√2+√3)12 = 940897.9999989371855...
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								(√2+√3)14 = 9313929.99999989263...
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								(√2+√3)16 = 92198401.99999998915...
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								It looks like that the number of consecutive nines at the beginning of the fractional part of these powers is non-decreasing. In fact it can be proven that the fractional part of (√2+√3)2n approaches 1 for large n.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Consider all real numbers of the form √p+√q with p and q positive integers and p< q, such that the fractional part of (√p+√q)2n approaches 1 for large n.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Let C(p,q,n) be the number of consecutive nines at the beginning of the fractional part of (√p+√q)2n.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Let N(p,q) be the minimal value of n such that C(p,q,n) ≥ 2011.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								Find ∑N(p,q) for p+q ≤ 2011.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --hints--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								`euler318()`  should return 709313889. 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```js
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								assert.strictEqual(euler318(), 709313889);
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --seed--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								## --seed-contents--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```js
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								function euler318() {
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								  return true;
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								}
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								euler318();
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								```
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --solutions--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```js
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								// solution required
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								```