2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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---
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id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036164
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challengeType: 6
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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forumTopicId: 301383
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2020-10-01 17:54:21 +02:00
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title: 用组合的方式创建一个 React 组件
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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---
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## Description
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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<section id='description'>
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现在我们来看看如何组合多个 React 组件。想象一下,你正在构建一个应用程序,并创建了三个组件:<code>Navbar</code>、<code>Dashboard</code>和<code>Footer</code>。
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要将这些组件组合在一起,你可以创建一个<code>App</code><i>父组件</i>,将这三个组件分别渲染成为<i>子组件</i>。要在 React 组件中渲染一个子组件,你需要在 JSX 中包含作为自定义 HTML 标签编写的组件名称。例如,在<code>render</code>方法中,你可以这样编写:
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```jsx
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return (
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<App>
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<Navbar />
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<Dashboard />
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<Footer />
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</App>
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)
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```
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当 React 遇到引用另一个组件的自定义 HTML 标签时(如本例所示,组件名称包含在<code>< /></code>中),它在标签的位置渲染该组件的标签。这可以说明<code>App</code>组件和<code>Navbar</code>、<code>Dashboard</code>以及<code>Footer</code>之间的父子关系。
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</section>
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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## Instructions
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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<section id='instructions'>
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在代码编辑器中,有一个名为<code>ChildComponent</code>的简单功能组件和一个名为<code>ParentComponent</code>的 React 组件。通过在<code>ParentComponent</code>中渲染<code>ChildComponent</code>来将两者组合在一起。确保使用正斜杠关闭<code>ChildComponent</code>标签。
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<strong>注意:</strong> <code>ChildComponent</code>是使用 ES6 的箭头函数定义的,因为这是使用 React 时非常常见的做法。但是,要知道这只是一个函数。如果你不熟悉箭头函数语法,请参阅 JavaScript 部分。
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</section>
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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## Tests
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<section id='tests'>
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```yml
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tests:
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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- text: React 组件应该返回单个<code>div</code>元素。
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2020-02-18 01:40:55 +09:00
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testString: assert((function() { var shallowRender = Enzyme.shallow(React.createElement(ParentComponent)); return shallowRender.type() === 'div'; })());
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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- text: 组件应该返回两个嵌套的元素。
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2020-02-18 01:40:55 +09:00
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testString: assert((function() { var shallowRender = Enzyme.shallow(React.createElement(ParentComponent)); return shallowRender.children().length === 2; })());
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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- text: 组件的第二个子元素应该是 ChildComponent。
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2020-02-18 01:40:55 +09:00
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testString: assert((function() { const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(ParentComponent)); return mockedComponent.find('ParentComponent').find('ChildComponent').length === 1; })());
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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</section>
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## Challenge Seed
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<section id='challengeSeed'>
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<div id='jsx-seed'>
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```jsx
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const ChildComponent = () => {
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return (
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<div>
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<p>I am the child</p>
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</div>
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);
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};
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class ParentComponent extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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}
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render() {
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return (
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<div>
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<h1>I am the parent</h1>
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{ /* change code below this line */ }
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{ /* change code above this line */ }
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</div>
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);
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}
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};
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```
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</div>
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### After Test
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<div id='jsx-teardown'>
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```js
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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ReactDOM.render(<ParentComponent />, document.getElementById('root'))
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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</div>
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</section>
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## Solution
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<section id='solution'>
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```js
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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const ChildComponent = () => {
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return (
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<div>
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<p>I am the child</p>
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</div>
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);
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};
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class ParentComponent extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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}
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render() {
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return (
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<div>
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<h1>I am the parent</h1>
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{ /* change code below this line */ }
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<ChildComponent />
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{ /* change code above this line */ }
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</div>
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);
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}
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};
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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2020-08-13 17:24:35 +02:00
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2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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</section>
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