87 lines
		
	
	
		
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			87 lines
		
	
	
		
			6.8 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
|   | --- | |||
|  | id: 587d8257367417b2b2512c7e | |||
|  | title: Use Depth First Search in a Binary Search Tree | |||
|  | challengeType: 1 | |||
|  | videoUrl: '' | |||
|  | localeTitle: 在二叉搜索树中使用深度优先搜索 | |||
|  | --- | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ## Description
 | |||
|  | <section id="description">我们知道如何在二叉搜索树中搜索特定值。但是,如果我们只想探索整棵树呢?或者,如果我们没有有序树,我们只需要搜索一个值?这里我们将介绍一些可用于探索树数据结构的树遍历方法。首先是深度优先搜索。在深度优先搜索中,在搜索继续到另一个子树之前,尽可能深地探索给定子树。有三种方法可以完成:按顺序:从最左边的节点开始搜索,到最右边的节点结束。预购:在树叶前探索所有的根。下订单:在根之前探索所有的叶子。您可能会猜到,您可以选择不同的搜索方法,具体取决于树存储的数据类型以及您要查找的内容。对于二叉搜索树,inorder遍历以排序顺序返回节点。说明:这里我们将在二叉搜索树上创建这三种搜索方法。深度优先搜索是一种固有的递归操作,只要子节点存在,它就会继续探索更多的子树。一旦理解了这个基本概念,您就可以简单地重新排列探索节点和子树的顺序,以生成上述三个搜索中的任何一个。例如,在后序搜索中,我们希望在开始返回任何节点本身之前一直递归到叶节点,而在预订搜索中,我们希望首先返回节点,然后继续递归在树下。在我们的树上定义<code>inorder</code> , <code>preorder</code>和<code>postorder</code>方法。这些方法中的每一个都应该返回表示树遍历的项数组。确保返回数组中每个节点的整数值,而不是节点本身。最后,如果树为空,则返回<code>null</code> 。 </section> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ## Instructions
 | |||
|  | <section id="instructions"> | |||
|  | </section> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ## Tests
 | |||
|  | <section id='tests'> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```yml | |||
|  | tests: | |||
|  |   - text: 存在<code>BinarySearchTree</code>数据结构。 | |||
|  |     testString: 'assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== "undefined") { test = new BinarySearchTree() }; return (typeof test == "object")})(), "The <code>BinarySearchTree</code> data structure exists.");' | |||
|  |   - text: 二叉搜索树有一个名为<code>inorder</code>的方法。 | |||
|  |     testString: 'assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== "undefined") { test = new BinarySearchTree() } else { return false; }; return (typeof test.inorder == "function")})(), "The binary search tree has a method called <code>inorder</code>.");' | |||
|  |   - text: 二叉搜索树有一个名为<code>preorder</code>的方法。 | |||
|  |     testString: 'assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== "undefined") { test = new BinarySearchTree() } else { return false; }; return (typeof test.preorder == "function")})(), "The binary search tree has a method called <code>preorder</code>.");' | |||
|  |   - text: 二叉搜索树有一个名为<code>postorder</code>的方法。 | |||
|  |     testString: 'assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== "undefined") { test = new BinarySearchTree() } else { return false; }; return (typeof test.postorder == "function")})(), "The binary search tree has a method called <code>postorder</code>.");' | |||
|  |   - text: <code>inorder</code>方法返回由inorder遍历产生的节点值数组。 | |||
|  |     testString: 'assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== "undefined") { test = new BinarySearchTree() } else { return false; }; if (typeof test.inorder !== "function") { return false; }; test.add(7); test.add(1); test.add(9); test.add(0); test.add(3); test.add(8); test.add(10); test.add(2); test.add(5); test.add(4); test.add(6); return (test.inorder().join("") == "012345678910"); })(), "The <code>inorder</code> method returns an array of the node values that result from an inorder traversal.");' | |||
|  |   - text: <code>preorder</code>方法返回由前序遍历产生的节点值数组。 | |||
|  |     testString: 'assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== "undefined") { test = new BinarySearchTree() } else { return false; }; if (typeof test.preorder !== "function") { return false; }; test.add(7); test.add(1); test.add(9); test.add(0); test.add(3); test.add(8); test.add(10); test.add(2); test.add(5); test.add(4); test.add(6); return (test.preorder().join("") == "710325469810"); })(), "The <code>preorder</code> method returns an array of the node values that result from a preorder traversal.");' | |||
|  |   - text: <code>postorder</code>方法返回由后序遍历产生的节点值数组。 | |||
|  |     testString: 'assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== "undefined") { test = new BinarySearchTree() } else { return false; }; if (typeof test.postorder !== "function") { return false; }; test.add(7); test.add(1); test.add(9); test.add(0); test.add(3); test.add(8); test.add(10); test.add(2); test.add(5); test.add(4); test.add(6); return (test.postorder().join("") == "024653181097"); })(), "The <code>postorder</code> method returns an array of the node values that result from a postorder traversal.");' | |||
|  |   - text: <code>inorder</code>方法为空树返回<code>null</code> 。 | |||
|  |     testString: 'assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== "undefined") { test = new BinarySearchTree() } else { return false; }; if (typeof test.inorder !== "function") { return false; }; return (test.inorder() == null); })(), "The <code>inorder</code> method returns <code>null</code> for an empty tree.");' | |||
|  |   - text: <code>preorder</code>方法为空树返回<code>null</code> 。 | |||
|  |     testString: 'assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== "undefined") { test = new BinarySearchTree() } else { return false; }; if (typeof test.preorder !== "function") { return false; }; return (test.preorder() == null); })(), "The <code>preorder</code> method returns <code>null</code> for an empty tree.");' | |||
|  |   - text: <code>postorder</code>方法为空树返回<code>null</code> 。 | |||
|  |     testString: 'assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== "undefined") { test = new BinarySearchTree() } else { return false; }; if (typeof test.postorder !== "function") { return false; }; return (test.postorder() == null); })(), "The <code>postorder</code> method returns <code>null</code> for an empty tree.");' | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | </section> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ## Challenge Seed
 | |||
|  | <section id='challengeSeed'> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | <div id='js-seed'> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```js | |||
|  | var displayTree = (tree) => console.log(JSON.stringify(tree, null, 2)); | |||
|  | function Node(value) { | |||
|  |     this.value = value; | |||
|  |     this.left = null; | |||
|  |     this.right = null; | |||
|  | } | |||
|  | function BinarySearchTree() { | |||
|  |     this.root = null; | |||
|  |     // change code below this line | |||
|  |     // change code above this line | |||
|  | } | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | </div> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ### After Test
 | |||
|  | <div id='js-teardown'> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```js | |||
|  | console.info('after the test'); | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | </div> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | </section> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ## Solution
 | |||
|  | <section id='solution'> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```js | |||
|  | // solution required | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | </section> |