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								---
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								id: 5900f5221000cf542c510033
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								title: 'Problem 436: Unfair wager'
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								challengeType: 5
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2019-08-05 09:17:33 -07:00 
										
									 
								 
							 
							
								
									
										 
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								forumTopicId: 302107
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00 
										
									 
								 
							 
							
								
									
										 
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								dashedName: problem-436-unfair-wager
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
											2018-09-30 23:01:58 +01:00 
										
									 
								 
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								---
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --description--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Julie proposes the following wager to her sister Louise.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								She suggests they play a game of chance to determine who will wash the dishes.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								For this game, they shall use a generator of independent random numbers uniformly distributed between 0 and 1.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								The game starts with S = 0.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								The first player, Louise, adds to S different random numbers from the generator until S > 1 and records her last random number 'x'.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								The second player, Julie, continues adding to S different random numbers from the generator until S > 2 and records her last random number 'y'.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								The player with the highest number wins and the loser washes the dishes, i.e. if y > x the second player wins.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								For example, if the first player draws 0.62 and 0.44, the first player turn ends since 0.62+0.44 > 1 and x = 0.44. If the second players draws 0.1, 0.27 and 0.91, the second player turn ends since 0.62+0.44+0.1+0.27+0.91 > 2 and y = 0.91. Since y > x, the second player wins.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Louise thinks about it for a second, and objects: "That's not fair". What is the probability that the second player wins? Give your answer rounded to 10 places behind the decimal point in the form 0.abcdefghij
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --hints--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								`euler436()`  should return 0.5276662759. 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```js
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								assert.strictEqual(euler436(), 0.5276662759);
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --seed--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								## --seed-contents--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```js
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								function euler436() {
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								  return true;
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								}
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								euler436();
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								```
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# --solutions--
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								```js
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								// solution required
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
							
								```