"In this video we cover the basic functions of a motherboard, expansion slots, and power supply.",
"Let's quickly review - the 4 basic parts of a computer are the input, like the mouse or the keyboard, the output, which is seen on the monitor or heard on the speakers, the CPU, the central processing unit, and the memory.",
"Now memory can be short term memory, called RAM, or longer term memory.",
"That's usually as a hard drive, but it can also be a CD-ROM or a flash drive, anything like that.",
"In addition to those four basic parts, we have three more things we're going to discuss today: the motherboard, expansion cards, and power supply.",
"The motherboard is what connects everything.",
"While the data's flying around over here trying to figure out where to go, the motherboard helps route it so it goes to the right place.",
"Expansion cards are sound cards, video cards, that kind of thing that can really up your experience as a user.",
"Power supply is, as it sounds, what gets power to the computer.",
"It's usually that part that has a fan on it to keep it from overheating.",
"So let's do a quick review.",
"In addition to the four basic parts of input, output, CPU, and memory, we also usually have a motherboard, expansion cards, and a power supply."
"0's and 1's can turn be interpreted into far more complex data.",
"Today we're going to talk a little bit about binary code.",
"Binary code is a really simple computer language where there are only 1's and 0's, that are either on or off, 1 being on and 0 being off.",
"Those 1's and 0's can be pretty much anything, but generally they are just numbers, letters, and symbols.",
"We're going to go into how you decode a number in binary, but as you can probably guess, translating binary can be done with a quick google search.",
"The most important part of this is you undrestand the concept that even simple things like 1's and 0's can translate into something really complex that is the basis for all of the computer languages that exist today."
"Data speed and data size are measured differently.",
"In this video, we cover how data speed is measured.",
"Let's talk about data speed.",
"Data speed, unlike data size, is usually measured in bits per second, whereas size is usually measured in Bits.",
"Once we start talking exponentially, that makes a really big difference.",
"How we talk about speed really depends on what we're talking about.",
"In audio download, we talk about kilobits per second.",
"In internet, we use megabits per second.",
"In network speed, we talk about Gigabits per second (one billion bits per second!).",
"The main takeaway here is that speed is usually measured in bits and size is measured in Bytes.",
"Additionally, if you have an internet speed that says however many bits per second, keep in mind they are talking about something 8 times less than Bytes, how you are thinking about data."
"Binary does more than express numbers - through bytes, it can symbolize all alphanumeric symbols, which can then be interpreted into more complex code.",
"Let's talk about the most basic level that computer can understand other languages, like javascript.",
"THe most basic thing is a bit, up or down, 1 or 0.",
"After that ther'es a Byte, 8 bits.",
"All numbers (255 and less), letters, and symbols can be translated into Bytes that the computer can understand.",
"So, all of the numbers, letters, and symbols in your javascript can be translated.",
"There are a lot of languages that computers can work with, and what I want you to get away from this video is that all data in your computer boils down to binary Bytes."
"This video covers the basics of supercomputers, servers, workstations, PCs, and microcontrollers.",
"Let's discuss the different types of computers.",
"The biggest type is called a super computer, a computer with lots of CPUS that work on the same problem at the same time using a technique called parallel processing.",
"The next type is called a server.",
"A server holds and accesses lots of data or programs.",
"Free Code Camp is hosted on a server which stores all of that information.",
"Let's talk now about a workstation computer - a computer that may look similar to a personal computer, but has a lot more power and is a lot pricier.",
"Toy Story was built on workstation computers.",
"Now, personal computers are by far the most common.",
"Maybe you've heard \"I'm a Mac!\" or \"I'm a PC!\", something indicating they're different, but really my own personal MacBook is still a PC, a personal compter.",
"It's both a Mac and a PC.",
"The last type of computer we'll talk about is a microcontroller, the type of computer you might have in your car that is really good at a small specialized task, but wouldn't be used the same way a PC would be."
"A little more detail on what constitutes a motherboard and what functionalities are standard in PCs.",
"Today we're going to be talking more about the motherboard.",
"We mentioned it briefly in previous videos, but we'll give some more detail today.",
"What makes a motherboard is the connection between the CPU and the memory - if it doesn't do that, it's not a motherboard.",
"But, most motherboards do a lot more than that.",
"Primarily, they have expansion slots and ports.",
"Expansion slots are where you put anything that can increase the performance of a computer without putting more load on the CPU.",
"For example, a graphics or a sound card would up the user experience by giving better sound or video quality, but it wouldn't slow down the computer.",
"A Network Interface Card could also go in an expansion slot.",
"This would help your computer conncet with the networks around it, something we'll talk about more in upcoming videos.",
"PC and Express cards are primarily found in laptops, and Express cards are taking over due to their smaller size.",
"In addition to expansion slots, motherboards have ports.",
"On your computer, you probably know there's a place to connect USB, firewire, SD card, ethernet, even an audio plug-in to listen through headphones.",
"These are all considered ports, a place on the motherboard where you can connect the CPU to some outside source to either get or give information."
"This video covers the basics of local area networks, wide area networks, and virtual private networks.",
"In this video we talk about Data Networks.",
"You've heard of networks, like a water network, road network, cell phone network, or television network.",
"Today we'll talk about data networks, which are the networks that computers use.",
"The three types we'll cover are the Local Area Network (LAN), the Wide Area Network (WAN), and the Virtual Private Network (VPN).",
"A LAN is just a small group of computers that are connected together.",
"The most important thing about a LAN is that those computers are close together.",
"So, if you're using wifi at Starbucks or at your school, you're probably using a LAN that you can only connect to if you are physically close to it.",
"A WAN (Wide Area Network) is two or more LANs that are connected over long distances.",
"So, maybe a school in Colorado wants to connect to a school in Missouri.",
"They could use a WAN.",
"You might think that these are connected over the internet, and in the case of a VPN (Virtual Private Network, which is basically the same conceptionally as a WAN), you're right.",
"However, a WAN usually rents a cable from an internet company to creat the connection."
"IP addresses are assigned based on location, and are vital for the internet to work.",
"We're going to talk about the Internet: Part 1, How the Internet Works.",
"To know how the internet works, we're going to talk first about IP addresses.",
"You may be familliar with the fact that each of your devices has its own IP address, just like a house or an apartment has its own address.",
"The internet can't deliver data to a device unless it has an IP address.",
"Not only does your device have one, but so does the modem, the router, and every step along the way, which we'll get to later.",
"IP addresses are determined based on location, starting with 5 big international regions.",
"Moving from left to right, the numbers mean something specific about your location.",
"This number isn't specific enough that you could call 911, give them your IP address, and have them know where you live.",
"However, it is specific enough that you could google \"Where's the best ice cream near me\" and google could give you information close to your location.",
"This is a brief and basic overview of how the internet works.",
"For a more in-depth explanation, check out web.stanford.edu/class/msande91si/www-spr04/readings/week1/InternetWhitepaper.htm",
"Let's talk a little more about how the internet works.",
"We've already estabilished that every device and router on the intenet has its own IP address, which is assigned based on location.",
"Using these IP addresses, your device can talk to your modem, then to a router, which is set up by a web service.",
"The router would go to the domain name server, still just sending a request.",
"That server would send back the information that was requested, and it would go back to your device.",
"You might think this is fallable; if one step goes out, then the whole process is done.",
"But really, there are so many routers and so many routes that if even a big chunk goes out, that still won't really affect the functionality.",
"It's really amazing.",
"What I want you take away from this video is that your device, since it has an IP address, can send out a request for informatoin, and that information will get back to your device via servers and routers that comprise the internet.",
"Now, this explaination is really quite basic.",
"For more information, check out web.stanford.edu/class/msande91si/www-spr04/readings/week1/InternetWhitepaper.htm."
