77 lines
		
	
	
		
			4.7 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
		
		
			
		
	
	
			77 lines
		
	
	
		
			4.7 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
|   | --- | |||
|  | id: 587d8258367417b2b2512c80 | |||
|  | title: Delete a Leaf Node in a Binary Search Tree | |||
|  | challengeType: 1 | |||
|  | videoUrl: '' | |||
|  | localeTitle: 删除二进制搜索树中的叶节点 | |||
|  | --- | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ## Description
 | |||
|  | <section id="description">这是我们将在二叉搜索树中实现更难操作的三个挑战中的第一个:删除。删除很困难,因为删除节点会破坏树中的链接。必须仔细重新建立这些链接以确保维护二叉树结构。对于某些删除,这意味着必须重新排列树。通常,在尝试删除节点时,您将遇到以下三种情况之一:叶节点:要删除的目标没有子节点。一个孩子:要删除的目标只有一个孩子。两个子节点:要删除的目标有两个子节点。删除叶节点很简单,我们只需删除它。删除具有一个子节点的节点也相对容易,我们只需删除它并将其父节点链接到我们删除的节点的子节点。但是,删除具有两个子节点的节点更加困难,因为这会创建两个需要重新连接到父树的子节点。我们将在第三个挑战中看到如何处理这个案例。此外,在处理删除时,您需要注意一些边缘情况。如果树是空的怎么办?如果要删除的节点是根节点怎么办?如果树中只有两个元素怎么办?现在,让我们处理第一种删除叶节点的情况。说明:在我们的二叉树上创建一个名为<code>remove</code> 。我们将在这里为我们的删除操作构建逻辑。首先,您需要在remove中创建一个函数,该函数在当前树中找到我们尝试删除的节点。如果树中不存在该节点,则<code>remove</code>应返回<code>null</code> 。现在,如果目标节点是没有子节点的叶节点,则应将其父节点引用设置为<code>null</code> 。这有效地从树中删除节点。为此,您必须跟踪我们尝试删除的节点的父节点。创建一种跟踪目标节点具有的子节点数的方法也很有用,因为这将确定我们的删除属于哪种情况。我们将在下一次挑战中处理第二和第三个案例。祝你好运! </section> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ## Instructions
 | |||
|  | <section id="instructions"> | |||
|  | </section> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ## Tests
 | |||
|  | <section id='tests'> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```yml | |||
|  | tests: | |||
|  |   - text: 存在<code>BinarySearchTree</code>数据结构。 | |||
|  |     testString: 'assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== "undefined") { test = new BinarySearchTree() }; return (typeof test == "object")})(), "The <code>BinarySearchTree</code> data structure exists.");' | |||
|  |   - text: 二叉搜索树有一个名为<code>remove</code>的方法。 | |||
|  |     testString: 'assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== "undefined") { test = new BinarySearchTree() } else { return false; }; return (typeof test.remove == "function")})(), "The binary search tree has a method called <code>remove</code>.");' | |||
|  |   - text: 尝试删除不存在的元素将返回<code>null</code> 。 | |||
|  |     testString: 'assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== "undefined") { test = new BinarySearchTree() } else { return false; }; if (typeof test.remove !== "function") { return false; }; return (test.remove(100) == null); })(), "Trying to remove an element that does not exist returns <code>null</code>.");' | |||
|  |   - text: 如果根节点没有子节点,则删除它会将根节点设置为<code>null</code> 。 | |||
|  |     testString: 'assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== "undefined") { test = new BinarySearchTree() } else { return false; }; if (typeof test.remove !== "function") { return false; }; test.add(500); test.remove(500); return (test.inorder() == null); })(), "If the root node has no children, deleting it sets the root to <code>null</code>.");' | |||
|  |   - text: <code>remove</code>方法从树中删除叶节点 | |||
|  |     testString: 'assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== "undefined") { test = new BinarySearchTree() } else { return false; }; if (typeof test.remove !== "function") { return false; }; test.add(5); test.add(3); test.add(7); test.add(6); test.add(10); test.add(12); test.remove(3); test.remove(12); test.remove(10); return (test.inorder().join("") == "567"); })(), "The <code>remove</code> method removes leaf nodes from the tree");' | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | </section> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ## Challenge Seed
 | |||
|  | <section id='challengeSeed'> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | <div id='js-seed'> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```js | |||
|  | var displayTree = (tree) => console.log(JSON.stringify(tree, null, 2)); | |||
|  | function Node(value) { | |||
|  |     this.value = value; | |||
|  |     this.left = null; | |||
|  |     this.right = null; | |||
|  | } | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | function BinarySearchTree() { | |||
|  |     this.root = null; | |||
|  |     // case 1: target has no children, change code below this line | |||
|  | } | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | </div> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ### After Test
 | |||
|  | <div id='js-teardown'> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```js | |||
|  | console.info('after the test'); | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | </div> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | </section> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ## Solution
 | |||
|  | <section id='solution'> | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```js | |||
|  | // solution required | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | </section> |