2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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---
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id: 587d7b7b367417b2b2512b15
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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title: 使用 For 循环迭代数组的所有项
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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challengeType: 1
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2020-08-04 15:14:21 +08:00
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forumTopicId: 301161
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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---
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --description--
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在进行与数组有关的编程时,我们有时需要遍历数组的所有元素来找出我们需要的元素,或者对数组执行特定的操作。JavaScript 提供了几个内置的方法,它们以不同的方式遍历数组来获得不同的结果(如`every()`、`forEach()`、`map()`等等)。而简单的`for`循环不仅能实现这些功能,而且相比之下也更灵活。
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2020-08-04 15:14:21 +08:00
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请看以下例子:
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```js
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function greaterThanTen(arr) {
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let newArr = [];
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for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
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if (arr[i] > 10) {
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newArr.push(arr[i]);
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}
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}
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return newArr;
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}
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greaterThanTen([2, 12, 8, 14, 80, 0, 1]);
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// 返回 [12, 14, 80]
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```
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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这个函数使用一个`for`循环来遍历一个数组,逐一对其中的元素进行测试。我们用这个方法简单地以编程的方式找出了数组中大于`10`的元素,并返回了一个包含这些元素的数组。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --instructions--
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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我们已经定义了一个`filteredArray`函数,它接受一个嵌套的数组参数`arr`以及一个`elem`参数,并要返回一个新数组。`arr`数组中的数组可能包含`elem`元素,也可能不包含。请修改该函数,用一个`for`循环来做筛选,使函数返回一个由`arr`中不包含`elem`的数组组成的新数组。
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --hints--
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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`filteredArray([[10, 8, 3], [14, 6, 23], [3, 18, 6]], 18)`应该返回`[ [10, 8, 3], [14, 6, 23] ]`
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```js
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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assert.deepEqual(
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filteredArray(
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[
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[10, 8, 3],
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[14, 6, 23],
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[3, 18, 6]
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],
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18
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),
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[
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[10, 8, 3],
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[14, 6, 23]
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]
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);
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```
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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`filteredArray([ ["trumpets", 2], ["flutes", 4], ["saxophones", 2] ], 2)`应返回`[ ["flutes", 4] ]`
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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```js
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assert.deepEqual(
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filteredArray(
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[
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['trumpets', 2],
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['flutes', 4],
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['saxophones', 2]
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],
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2
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),
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[['flutes', 4]]
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);
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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`filteredArray([ ["amy", "beth", "sam"], ["dave", "sean", "peter"] ], "peter")`应该返回`[ ["amy", "beth", "sam"] ]`
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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```js
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assert.deepEqual(
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filteredArray(
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[
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['amy', 'beth', 'sam'],
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['dave', 'sean', 'peter']
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],
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'peter'
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),
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[['amy', 'beth', 'sam']]
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);
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```
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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`filteredArray([[3, 2, 3], [1, 6, 3], [3, 13, 26], [19, 3, 9]], 3)`应该返回`[ ]`
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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```js
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assert.deepEqual(
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filteredArray(
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[
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[3, 2, 3],
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[1, 6, 3],
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[3, 13, 26],
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[19, 3, 9]
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],
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3
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),
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[]
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);
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```
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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`filteredArray`函数应该使用`for`循环
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```js
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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assert.notStrictEqual(filteredArray.toString().search(/for/), -1);
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2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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```
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2020-08-04 15:14:21 +08:00
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2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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# --solutions--
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