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							|  |  |  |  | id: 587d7b86367417b2b2512b3b | 
					
						
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											2021-03-14 21:20:39 -06:00
										 |  |  |  | title: 捕获使用索引的时候出现的错误 | 
					
						
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											2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
										 |  |  |  | challengeType: 1 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | forumTopicId: 301189 | 
					
						
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											2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | dashedName: catch-off-by-one-errors-when-using-indexing | 
					
						
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											2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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											2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
										 |  |  |  | # --description--
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										 |  |  |  | 当试图访问字符串或数组的特定索引(分割或访问一个片段)或循环索引时,有时会出现 <dfn>Off by one errors</dfn> 错误(有时称为 OBOE)。 JavaScript 索引从 0 开始,而不是 1,这意味着最后一个索引总会比字符串或数组的长度少 1。 如果尝试访问等于长度的索引,程序可能会抛出“索引超出范围”引用错误或打印出 `undefined`。 | 
					
						
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											2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
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										 |  |  |  | 当使用将索引范围作为参数的字符串或数组方法时,阅读相关的文档并了解参数中的索引的包含性(即是否考虑进返回值中)很重要。 以下是一些错误的示例: | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | let alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | let len = alphabet.length; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | for (let i = 0; i <= len; i++) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   console.log(alphabet[i]); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | for (let j = 1; j < len; j++) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   console.log(alphabet[j]); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | for (let k = 0; k < len; k++) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   console.log(alphabet[k]); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 第一个例子多了一次循环,第二个例子少了一次循环(漏掉了索引 0 处的字符), 第三个例子是正确的。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --instructions--
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										 |  |  |  | 修复以下函数中的两个索引错误,将 1 到 5 之间(包含 1 和 5)的所有数字打印到控制台。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --hints--
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										 |  |  |  | 应该设置循环的初始条件,使循环从第一个索引开始。 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | assert(code.match(/i\s*?=\s*?0\s*?;/g).length == 1); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 应修复循环的初始条件,使循环从索引 0 开始。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | assert(!code.match(/i\s?=\s*?1\s*?;/g)); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 应该设置循环的终止条件,使循环在最后一个索引处停止。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | assert(code.match(/i\s*?<\s*?len\s*?;/g).length == 1); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 应该修复循环的终止条件,使循环在索引为字符串长度减 1 的位置停止。 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | assert(!code.match(/i\s*?<=\s*?len;/g)); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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											2020-08-13 17:24:35 +02:00
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											2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | # --seed--
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							|  |  |  |  | ## --seed-contents--
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | function countToFive() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   let firstFive = "12345"; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   let len = firstFive.length; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   // Only change code below this line | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   for (let i = 1; i <= len; i++) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   // Only change code above this line | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     console.log(firstFive[i]); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | countToFive(); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --solutions--
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										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | function countToFive() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |  let firstFive = "12345"; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |  let len = firstFive.length; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |  // Only change code below this line | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |  for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |  // Only change code above this line | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |    console.log(firstFive[i]); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |  } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | countToFive(); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` |