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							|  |  |  |  | id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036180 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | title: 使用 shouldComponentUpdate 优化重新渲染 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | challengeType: 6 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | forumTopicId: 301398 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | dashedName: optimize-re-renders-with-shouldcomponentupdate | 
					
						
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											2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
										 |  |  |  | --- | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --description--
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										 |  |  |  | 到目前为止,如果任何组件接收到新的 `state` 或新的 `props`,它会重新渲染自己及其所有子组件。 这通常是好的。 但是 React 提供了一种生命周期方法,当子组件接收到新的 `state` 或 `props` 时,可以调用该方法,并特别声明组件是否应该更新。 这个方法就是 `shouldComponentUpdate()`,它将 `nextProps` 和 `nextState` 作为参数。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 这种方法是优化性能的有效方法。 例如,默认行为是,当组件接收到新的 `props` 时,即使 `props` 没有改变,它也会重新渲染。 可以通过使用 `shouldComponentUpdate()` 比较 `props` 来防止这种情况发生。 该方法必须返回一个 `boolean`(布尔值),该值告诉 React 是否更新组件。 可以比较当前的 props(`this.props`)和下一个 props(`nextProps`),以确定你是否需要更新,并相应地返回 `true` 或 `false`。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --instructions--
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										 |  |  |  | 将 `shouldComponentUpdate()` 方法添加到名为 `OnlyEvens` 的组件中。 目前,该方法返回 `true`,因此每次收到新的 `props` 时,`OnlyEvens` 都会重新渲染。 修改该方法,以便 `OnlyEvens` 仅在其新 props 的 `value` 为偶数时更新。 单击 `Add` 按钮,在触发其他生命周期钩子时,在浏览器控制台中查看事件的顺序。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --hints--
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										 |  |  |  | `Controller` 组件应该将 `OnlyEvens` 组件渲染为子组件。 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | assert( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   (() => { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Controller)); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     return ( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       mockedComponent.find('Controller').length === 1 && | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       mockedComponent.find('OnlyEvens').length === 1 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     ); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   })() | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 应该在 `OnlyEvens` 组件上定义 `shouldComponentUpdate` 方法。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | assert( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   (() => { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     const child = React.createElement(OnlyEvens) | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       .type.prototype.shouldComponentUpdate.toString() | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       .replace(/s/g, ''); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     return child !== 'undefined'; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   })() | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | `OnlyEvens` 组件应该返回一个 `h1` 标签,该标签渲染 `this.props.value` 的值。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | (() => { | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Controller)); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   const first = () => { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     mockedComponent.setState({ value: 1000 }); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     return mockedComponent.find('h1').html(); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   }; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   const second = () => { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     mockedComponent.setState({ value: 10 }); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     return mockedComponent.find('h1').html(); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   }; | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   const firstValue = first(); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   const secondValue = second(); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   assert(firstValue === '<h1>1000</h1>' && secondValue === '<h1>10</h1>'); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | })(); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 只有在 `nextProps.value` 为偶数时,`OnlyEvens` 才会重新渲染。 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | (() => { | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Controller)); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   const first = () => { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     mockedComponent.setState({ value: 8 }); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     return mockedComponent.find('h1').text(); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   }; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   const second = () => { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     mockedComponent.setState({ value: 7 }); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     return mockedComponent.find('h1').text(); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   }; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   const third = () => { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     mockedComponent.setState({ value: 42 }); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     return mockedComponent.find('h1').text(); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   }; | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   const firstValue = first(); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   const secondValue = second(); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   const thirdValue = third(); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   assert(firstValue === '8' && secondValue === '8' && thirdValue === '42'); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | })(); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --seed--
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							|  |  |  |  | ## --after-user-code--
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							|  |  |  |  | ```jsx | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ReactDOM.render(<Controller />, document.getElementById('root')); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ## --seed-contents--
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							|  |  |  |  | ```jsx | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | class OnlyEvens extends React.Component { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   constructor(props) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     super(props); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   shouldComponentUpdate(nextProps, nextState) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     console.log('Should I update?'); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     // Change code below this line | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     return true; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     // Change code above this line | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   componentDidUpdate() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     console.log('Component re-rendered.'); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   render() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     return <h1>{this.props.value}</h1>; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | class Controller extends React.Component { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   constructor(props) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     super(props); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     this.state = { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       value: 0 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     }; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     this.addValue = this.addValue.bind(this); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   addValue() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     this.setState(state => ({ | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       value: state.value + 1 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     })); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   render() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     return ( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       <div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         <button onClick={this.addValue}>Add</button> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         <OnlyEvens value={this.state.value} /> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       </div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     ); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --solutions--
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										 |  |  |  | ```jsx | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | class OnlyEvens extends React.Component { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   constructor(props) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     super(props); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   shouldComponentUpdate(nextProps, nextState) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     console.log('Should I update?'); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     // Change code below this line | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     return nextProps.value % 2 === 0; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     // Change code above this line | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   componentDidUpdate() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     console.log('Component re-rendered.'); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   render() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     return <h1>{this.props.value}</h1>; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | class Controller extends React.Component { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   constructor(props) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     super(props); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     this.state = { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       value: 0 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     }; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     this.addValue = this.addValue.bind(this); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   addValue() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     this.setState(state => ({ | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       value: state.value + 1 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     })); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   render() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     return ( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       <div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         <button onClick={this.addValue}>Add</button> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         <OnlyEvens value={this.state.value} /> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       </div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     ); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` |