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											2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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							|  |  |  |  | id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036176 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | title: 使用 State 切换元素 | 
					
						
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											2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
										 |  |  |  | challengeType: 6 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | forumTopicId: 301421 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | dashedName: use-state-to-toggle-an-element | 
					
						
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											2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
										 |  |  |  | --- | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --description--
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										 |  |  |  | 有时可能在更新状态的时候想知道上一个状态是什么。 但是状态更新是异步的,这意味着 React 可能会把多个 `setState()` 集中在一起批量更新。 所以计算下一个值时 `this.state` 或者 `this.props` 不能作为当前值。 所以最好不要写如下的代码: | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ```jsx | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | this.setState({ | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   counter: this.state.counter + this.props.increment | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | }); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 正确的做法是,给 `setState` 传入一个函数,这个函数可以访问 state 和 props。 给 `setState` 传入函数可以保证 state 和 props 是正确的值。 代码可以重写为这样: | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ```jsx | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | this.setState((state, props) => ({ | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   counter: state.counter + props.increment | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | })); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 如果只需要 `state`,那么用下面没有 `props` 的格式也是可以的: | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ```jsx | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | this.setState(state => ({ | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   counter: state.counter + 1 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | })); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 注意一定要把 object 放在括号里,否则 JavaScript 会认为这只是代码片段。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --instructions--
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										 |  |  |  | `MyComponent` 有一个初始值为 `false` 的`visibility` 属性。 如果 `visibility` 的值为 true,render 方法返回一个视图,如果为 false,返回另一个视图。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 目前,无法更新组件 `state` 中的 `visibility` 属性, 该值应在 true 和 false 之间来回切换。 按钮上有一个单击处理程序,它触发一个名为 `toggleVisibility()` 的类方法。 给函数传入 `setState` 来定义此方法,以便 `visibility` 的 `state` 在调用方法时切换到相反的值。 如果 `visibility` 是 `false`,则该方法将其设置为`true`,反之亦然。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 最后,单击按钮以查看基于其 `state` 的组件的条件渲染。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | **提示:** 不要忘记将 `this` 关键字绑定到 `constructor` 中的方法上! | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --hints--
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										 |  |  |  | `MyComponent` 应该返回一个 `div` 元素,其中包含一个 `button` 元素。 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | assert.strictEqual( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent)).find('div').find('button') | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     .length, | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   1 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | `MyComponent` 应该使用设置为 `false` 的 `visibility` 属性来初始化其 state。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | assert.strictEqual( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent)).state('visibility'), | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   false | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 单击按钮元素应在 `true` 和 `false` 之间切换 `visibility` 属性的状态。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | (() => { | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent)); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   const first = () => { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     mockedComponent.setState({ visibility: false }); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     return mockedComponent.state('visibility'); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   }; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   const second = () => { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     mockedComponent.find('button').simulate('click'); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     return mockedComponent.state('visibility'); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   }; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   const third = () => { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     mockedComponent.find('button').simulate('click'); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     return mockedComponent.state('visibility'); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   }; | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   const firstValue = first(); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   const secondValue = second(); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   const thirdValue = third(); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   assert(!firstValue && secondValue && !thirdValue); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | })(); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 应该给 `setState` 传入一个匿名函数。 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | const paramRegex = '[a-zA-Z$_]\\w*(,[a-zA-Z$_]\\w*)?'; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | assert( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   new RegExp( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     'this\\.setState\\((function\\(' + | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       paramRegex + | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       '\\){|([a-zA-Z$_]\\w*|\\(' + | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       paramRegex + | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       '\\))=>)' | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   ).test(__helpers.removeWhiteSpace(code)) | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 不要在 `setState` 里面使用 `this`。 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | assert(!/this\.setState\([^}]*this/.test(code)); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --seed--
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							|  |  |  |  | ## --after-user-code--
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							|  |  |  |  | ```jsx | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ReactDOM.render(<MyComponent />, document.getElementById('root')); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ## --seed-contents--
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							|  |  |  |  | ```jsx | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | class MyComponent extends React.Component { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   constructor(props) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     super(props); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     this.state = { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       visibility: false | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     }; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     // Change code below this line | 
					
						
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 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     // Change code above this line | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   // Change code below this line | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  |   // Change code above this line | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   render() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     if (this.state.visibility) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       return ( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         <div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |           <button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |           <h1>Now you see me!</h1> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         </div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       ); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     } else { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       return ( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         <div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |           <button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         </div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       ); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --solutions--
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										 |  |  |  | ```jsx | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | class MyComponent extends React.Component { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   constructor(props) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     super(props); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     this.state = { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       visibility: false | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     }; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     this.toggleVisibility = this.toggleVisibility.bind(this); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   toggleVisibility() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     this.setState(state => ({ | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       visibility: !state.visibility | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     })); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   render() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     if (this.state.visibility) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       return ( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         <div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |           <button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |           <h1>Now you see me!</h1> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         </div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       ); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     } else { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       return ( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         <div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |           <button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         </div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       ); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` |