192 lines
		
	
	
		
			4.5 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
		
		
			
		
	
	
			192 lines
		
	
	
		
			4.5 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
|   | --- | |||
|  | title: If-Else Statement | |||
|  | localeTitle: If-Else声明 | |||
|  | ---
## If-Else声明有什么作用?
 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | *   If-Else语句是简单If语句的扩展。 | |||
|  | *   在简单的If语句中,如果测试表达式的值为false,那么我们跳过块的代码并继续我们的下一个语句。 | |||
|  | *   但很多时候,如果test表达式的值为false,我们希望执行某些步骤。 | |||
|  | *   在这种情况下,我们使用if-else语句。 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ### If-Else声明的一般形式
 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```cpp | |||
|  | if (test expression)  | |||
|  |  {  | |||
|  |   //statements that run if the test expression is true  | |||
|  |  }  | |||
|  |  else  | |||
|  |  {  | |||
|  |   //statements that run if the test expression is false  | |||
|  |  }  | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ### If-Else语句的示例
 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | 如果test表达式为true: | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```cpp | |||
|  | int a=10;  | |||
|  |  if (a < 20) // This expression is true, so...  | |||
|  |  {  | |||
|  |   //...the code in this block gets executed, and...  | |||
|  |  }  | |||
|  |  else  | |||
|  |  {  | |||
|  |   //...the code in this block gets skipped.  | |||
|  |  }  | |||
|  |  //program continues  | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | 如果test表达式为false: | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```cpp | |||
|  | int a=10;  | |||
|  |  if (a>20) // This expression is false, so this time...  | |||
|  |  {  | |||
|  |   //...this code gets skipped...  | |||
|  |  }  | |||
|  |  else  | |||
|  |  {  | |||
|  |   //...and this code executes instead.  | |||
|  |  }  | |||
|  |  //program continues  | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ### C ++中的示例:
 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```cpp | |||
|  | //Program to check whether number entered by user is positive or negative  | |||
|  |  #include <iostream>  | |||
|  |  using namespace std;  | |||
|  |  int main()  | |||
|  |  {  | |||
|  |   int no;  | |||
|  |   cout << "Enter a number: " << endl;  | |||
|  |   | |||
|  |   cin >> no;  | |||
|  |   | |||
|  |   // condition to check if number is positive or negative  | |||
|  |   if (no >= 0) // positive  | |||
|  |   {  | |||
|  |     // block if value is true  | |||
|  |     cout << "You entered a positive number: " << no << endl;  | |||
|  |   }  | |||
|  |   else         // negative  | |||
|  |   {  | |||
|  |     // block if value is false  | |||
|  |     cout << "You entered a negative number: " << no << endl;  | |||
|  |   }  | |||
|  |   | |||
|  |   // program continues  | |||
|  |   cout << "This step is always printed" << endl;  | |||
|  |   return 0;  | |||
|  |  }  | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | #### 产量
 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | *   输入正数时: | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | Enter a number:  | |||
|  |  4  | |||
|  |  You entered a positive number: 4  | |||
|  |  This step is always printed  | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | *   输入负数时: | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | Enter a number:  | |||
|  |  -200  | |||
|  |  You entered a negative number: -200  | |||
|  |  This step is always printed  | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | [亲自尝试一下代码](https://repl.it/MzBq) | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | # **随意在FreeCodeCamp的GitHub页面或[FreeCodeCamp的论坛](https://forum.freecodecamp.org/)上询问任何问题[。](https://forum.freecodecamp.org/)**
 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | [亲自尝试一下代码](https://repl.it/MzBq) | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ### 使用if ... else if ... else梯形图
 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | 如果我们必须使用if else基于多个条件做出决策。如果条件如下,我们使用其他 - | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ```cpp | |||
|  | #include<iostream> 
 | |||
|  |  int main()  | |||
|  |  {  | |||
|  |     int score;  | |||
|  |     std::cout<<"Enter your score: \n";  | |||
|  |     std::cin>>score;  | |||
|  |     if(score>=90)  | |||
|  |         std::cout<<"Top performance.";  | |||
|  |     else if(score<90 && score>=70)  | |||
|  |         std::cout<<"Good performance";  | |||
|  |     else if(score<70 && score>=45)  | |||
|  |         std::cout<<"Average performance";  | |||
|  |     else if(score<45 && score>=30)  | |||
|  |         std::cout<<"You can improve it.";  | |||
|  |    return 0;  | |||
|  |  }  | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | #### 产量
 | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | Enter your score:  | |||
|  |  85  | |||
|  |  Good performance  | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | ### if ... else if ... else ladder的另一个例子
 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | 假设我们有用户输入两个数字,我们将显示两个数字是否大于另一个数字。如果两者都不大于另一个,那么我们打印声明“两者都是平等的”。 | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | 在这个scinerio中,我们需要一个if ... else if ... else梯形图。该程序将如下所示: | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | #include<iostream> 
 | |||
|  |  using namespace std;  | |||
|  |  int main()  | |||
|  |  {  | |||
|  |     int number1,number2;  | |||
|  |     cout << "Enter first number: \n";  | |||
|  |     cin >> number1;  | |||
|  |     cout << "Enter second number: \n";  | |||
|  |     cin >> number2;  | |||
|  |   | |||
|  |     if(number1 > number2)     // Checks if the first number is greater than the second number  | |||
|  |     {  | |||
|  |         cout << "Number 1 is greater.";  | |||
|  |     }  | |||
|  |     else if(number2 > number1)    // Checks if the second number is greater than the first number  | |||
|  |     {  | |||
|  |         cout << "Number 2 is greater.";  | |||
|  |     }  | |||
|  |     else    // If both of the above cases return false, then both numbers are equal  | |||
|  |     {  | |||
|  |         cout << "Both the numbers are equal.";  | |||
|  |     }  | |||
|  |   | |||
|  |     return 0;  | |||
|  |  }  | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | #### 产量
 | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | Enter first number:  | |||
|  |  85  | |||
|  |  Enter second number:  | |||
|  |  86  | |||
|  |  Number 2 is greater.  | |||
|  | ``` | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | *   请注意,只有在不满足初始“if”条件时,程序才会检查“else if”条件。如果这些条件都不满足,则执行最后一个'else'块,打印语句:“两个数字相等。”。 | |||
|  |      | |||
|  | *   if ... else if ... else梯形图的大小可能会有所不同,具体取决于程序试图解决的问题以及需要检查的条件数。 | |||
|  |      | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | **祝大家好运** | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | **快乐的编码! :)** | |||
|  | 
 | |||
|  | **欢迎在freeCodeCamp.org的GitHub页面或[freeCodeCamp.org论坛](https://forum.freecodecamp.org/)上询问任何问题** 。 |