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Chris Steenkamp
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--- ---
title: If-Else Statement title: If-Else Statement
--- ---
## What does an If-Else Statement do? ## What does an If-Else Statement do?
* The If-Else statement is an extension of the simple If statement. * The If-Else statement is an extension of the simple If statement.
* In the simple If statement, if the value of the test expression is false, then we skip the code of block and continue with our next statement. * In the simple If statement, if the value of the test expression is false, then we skip the code of block and continue with our next statement.
* But many times, we want to execute certain steps if the value of test expression is false. * But many times, we want to execute certain steps if the value of test expression is false.
* In such cases, we use the if-else statement. * In such cases, we use the if-else statement.
### General Form of If-Else Statement ### General Form of If-Else Statement
```cpp ```cpp
if (test expression) if (test expression)
{ {
//statements that run if the test expression is true //statements that run if the test expression is true
} }
else else
{ {
//statements that run if the test expression is false //statements that run if the test expression is false
} }
``` ```
### Example of If-Else Statement ### Example of If-Else Statement
If test expression is true : If test expression is true :
```cpp ```cpp
int a=10; int a=10;
if (a < 20) // This expression is true, so... if (a < 20) // This expression is true, so...
{ {
//...the code in this block gets executed, and... //...the code in this block gets executed, and...
} }
else else
{ {
//...the code in this block gets skipped. //...the code in this block gets skipped.
} }
//program continues //program continues
``` ```
If test expression is false : If test expression is false :
```cpp ```cpp
int a=10; int a=10;
if (a>20) // This expression is false, so this time... if (a>20) // This expression is false, so this time...
{ {
//...this code gets skipped... //...this code gets skipped...
} }
else else
{ {
//...and this code executes instead. //...and this code executes instead.
} }
//program continues //program continues
``` ```
### Example in C++: ### Example in C++:
```cpp ```cpp
//Program to check whether number entered by user is positive or negative //Program to check whether number entered by user is positive or negative
#include <iostream> #include <iostream>
using namespace std; using namespace std;
int main() int main()
{ {
int no; int no;
cout << "Enter a number: " << endl; cout << "Enter a number: " << endl;
cin >> no; cin >> no;
// condition to check if number is positive or negative // condition to check if number is positive or negative
if (no >= 0) // positive if (no >= 0) // positive
{ {
// block if value is true // block if value is true
cout << "You entered a positive number: " << no << endl; cout << "You entered a positive number: " << no << endl;
} }
else // negative else // negative
{ {
// block if value is false // block if value is false
cout << "You entered a negative number: " << no << endl; cout << "You entered a negative number: " << no << endl;
} }
// program continues // program continues
cout << "This step is always printed" << endl; cout << "This step is always printed" << endl;
return 0; return 0;
} }
``` ```
#### Output #### Output
* When a positive number is entered : * When a positive number is entered :
``` ```
Enter a number: Enter a number:
4 4
You entered a positive number: 4 You entered a positive number: 4
This step is always printed This step is always printed
``` ```
* When a negative number is entered : * When a negative number is entered :
``` ```
Enter a number: Enter a number:
-200 -200
You entered a negative number: -200 You entered a negative number: -200
This step is always printed This step is always printed
``` ```
<a href='https://repl.it/MzBq' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Try the code yourself</a> <a href='https://repl.it/MzBq' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Try the code yourself</a>
**Feel free to ask any queries on FreeCodeCamp's GitHub page or [FreeCodeCamp's Forum .](https://forum.freecodecamp.org/)** **Feel free to ask any queries on FreeCodeCamp's GitHub page or [FreeCodeCamp's Forum .](https://forum.freecodecamp.org/)**
======= =======
[Try the code yourself](https://repl.it/MzBq) [Try the code yourself](https://repl.it/MzBq)
### Use of if...else if...else ladder ### Use of if...else if...else ladder
If we have to make decisions based on more than one conditions using if else. We use else if condition as follows - If we have to make decisions based on more than one condition using if-else, we can use the `else if` condition as follows -
```cpp ```cpp
#include<iostream> #include<iostream>
using namespace std; using namespace std;
int main() int main()
{ {
int score; int score;
cout << "Enter your score: \n"; cout << "Enter your score: \n";
cin >> score; cin >> score;
if (score >= 90) if (score >= 90)
cout << "Top performance."; cout << "Top performance.";
else if (score < 90 && score >= 70) else if (score < 90 && score >= 70)
cout << "Good performance"; cout << "Good performance";
else if (score < 70 && score >= 45) else if (score < 70 && score >= 45)
cout << "Average performance"; cout << "Average performance";
else if (score < 45 && score >= 30) else if (score < 45 && score >= 30)
cout << "You can improve it."; cout << "You can improve it.";
return 0; return 0;
} }
``` ```
#### Output #### Output
``` ```
Enter your score: Enter your score:
85 85
Good performance Good performance
``` ```
### Another example of if...else if...else ladder ### Another example of if...else if...else ladder
Suppose we have the user input two numbers and we are going to display if either number is greater than the other. And if neither is greater than the other, then we print the statement "Both are equal". Suppose we ask the user to input two numbers then display greater than or equal.
In this scenario, we will need an if...else if...else ladder statement. The program will look like this : In this scenario, we will need an if...else if...else ladder statement. The program will look like this :
``` ```cpp
#include<iostream> #include <iostream>
using namespace std; using namespace std;
int main() int main()
{ {
int number1,number2; int number1,number2;
cout << "Enter first number: \n"; cout << "Enter first number: \n";
cin >> number1; cin >> number1;
cout << "Enter second number: \n"; cout << "Enter second number: \n";
cin >> number2; cin >> number2;
if (number1 > number2) // Checks if the first number is greater than the second number if (number1 > number2) // Checks if the first number is greater than the second number
{ {
cout << "Number 1 is greater."; cout << "Number 1 is greater.";
} }
else if (number2 > number1) // Checks if the second number is greater than the first number else if (number2 > number1) // Checks if the second number is greater than the first number
{ {
cout << "Number 2 is greater."; cout << "Number 2 is greater.";
} }
else // If both of the above cases return false, then both numbers are equal else // If both of the above cases return false, then both numbers are equal
{ {
cout << "Both the numbers are equal."; cout << "Both the numbers are equal.";
} }
return 0; return 0;
} }
``` ```
#### Output #### Output
``` ```
Enter first number: Enter first number:
85 85
Enter second number: Enter second number:
86 86
Number 2 is greater. Number 2 is greater.
``` ```
* Note that the program will only check the 'else if' condition when the initial 'if' condition is not satisfied. And if neither of these conditions are satisfied, the last 'else' block gets executed which prints the statement: "Both the numbers are equal.". * Note that the program will only check the 'else if' condition when the initial 'if' condition is not satisfied. And if neither of these conditions are satisfied, the last 'else' block gets executed which prints the statement: "Both the numbers are equal.".
* The size of the if...else if...else ladder may vary depending on the problem the program is trying to solve and the number of conditions that need to be checked. * The size of the if...else if...else ladder may vary depending on the problem the program is trying to solve and the number of conditions that need to be checked.
**Good Luck to all of you** **Good Luck to all of you**
**Happy Coding ! :)** **Happy Coding ! :)**
**Feel free to ask any queries on freeCodeCamp.org's GitHub page or [the freeCodeCamp.org Forum](https://forum.freecodecamp.org/)**. **Feel free to ask any queries on freeCodeCamp.org's GitHub page or [the freeCodeCamp.org Forum](https://forum.freecodecamp.org/)**.