From 5da72be9ca78ce154549b83647aa4be685babfed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Aadat Date: Mon, 4 Mar 2019 01:52:19 +0530 Subject: [PATCH] Added wikipedia link for Bjarne Stroustrup (#30052) --- guide/english/cplusplus/index.md | 202 +++++++++++++++---------------- 1 file changed, 101 insertions(+), 101 deletions(-) diff --git a/guide/english/cplusplus/index.md b/guide/english/cplusplus/index.md index d41d2ce2ef..fc61f19c93 100644 --- a/guide/english/cplusplus/index.md +++ b/guide/english/cplusplus/index.md @@ -1,101 +1,101 @@ ---- -title: C++ ---- -# Hello World! - Your First C++ Program - -## What is C++? - -* C++ is a general purpose programming language which has been used since the 1990's -* It was designed as a thesis paper by Bjarne Stroustrup under the name "C with Classes", which later became C++. -* It is a version of C that includes Object-Oriented elements, including classes and functions. - -* It is considered one of the biggest programming languages, as you can see in the following image: -![Img](http://static1.businessinsider.com/image/59deb30392406c21008b6148-1200/for-bonus-points-heres-the-chart-showing-these-languages-relative-popularity.jpg) -_source: Github_ - -### Your First Program in C++ - -```cpp -#include -using namespace std; -int main() -{ - cout << "Hello World!" << endl; - return 0; -} -``` - -#### The Output of this program will be: - -``` -Hello World! -``` - -Now, let's break down the code: - - -#### Lines 1 and 2 - -```cpp -#include -using namespace std; -``` - -* The first line tells the computer to use the `iostream` header file for this specific program. A header file is a separate file with pre-written C++ code. There are many other header files which are required for a specific program to run properly. For example, `math`, `vector`, `string`, etc. Header files are generally represented by a `.h` extension, when including standard library header files you don't include the `.h` extension. -* The `iostream` header contains the public interface for the input-output stream from the standard library. The `iostream` file contains code for allowing the computer to take input and generate an output, using the C++ language. -* The second line tells the computer to use the standard namespace which includes features of standard C++. You could write this program without this line, but you'd have to use `std::cout` instead of `cout` and `std::endl` instead of `endl` on line 4. It makes the code more readable and our lives as programmers easier. - -#### Line 3 and 4 - -```cpp -int main() -{ -``` - -* C++ starts execution of a program from the -main function- `int main()` . During execution, the computer starts running the code from every line from `{`(opening bracket) till `}`(closing bracket) - **NOTE : Every function starts with an opening curly brace "{" and ends with a closing curly brace "}".** -* Line 4 indicates the start of the main() function. - -#### Lines 5, 6 & 7 - -```cpp - cout << "Hello World" << endl; - return 0; -} -``` - -* The word `cout` in C++ is used to stream data to standard output. -* It is followed by `<<` , the _insertion operator_. -* Whatever is in the double quotes `""` is printed. Certain special characters have a different syntax for print statements -* Now to print any other kind of data, you have to add `<<`. - -***Challenge: Change Hello World to another sentence. What will be the output?*** - -* `endl` is another symbol from the iostream library which means to **end this line and go to the next line during output** . - _cout stands for "console output"_ -* Finally, finish the statement with a semicolon `;`. - -**NOTE : Every statement except the main function definition and the #include directive needs to be ended by the semicolon. Without a ";", you may encounter a compiler error.** - -* `return 0;` safely terminates the current function i.e. 'main()' in this case and since no function follows after 'main()' the program is terminated. -* Don't forget to tell the computer that this is end of the main() function. To do this , you add the closing curly brace "}". You will encounter compiler error before program execution if you do not include the **}** . - -### The code should look something like this: - -![Img](https://i.imgur.com/d1liGwI.png) - -Programmers use a Hello World program (like this one) as a ritual on using a new programming language. It is a symbol of good luck. -_You have finished coding your first C++ program and have understood most of the code you have written/typed. CONGRATULATIONS!_ - - **Good Luck to all of you and happy coding! :)** - - **Happy Coding ! :)** - - **Feel free to ask any questions on FreeCodeCamp's GitHub page or [FreeCodeCamp's Forum.](https://forum.freecodecamp.org/)** - - [Try it yourself ! :)](https://repl.it/L4k3) - -**You need software to write and execute C++ code, download from one of the links below:** - -[Codeblocks](http://www.codeblocks.org/downloads/26) -[Xcode](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/) -[Eclipse](http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/) +--- +title: C++ +--- +# Hello World! - Your First C++ Program + +## What is C++? + +* C++ is a general purpose programming language which has been used since the 1990's +* It was designed as a thesis paper by [Bjarne Stroustrup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjarne_Stroustrup) under the name "C with Classes", which later became C++. +* It is a version of C that includes Object-Oriented elements, including classes and functions. + +* It is considered one of the biggest programming languages, as you can see in the following image: +![Img](http://static1.businessinsider.com/image/59deb30392406c21008b6148-1200/for-bonus-points-heres-the-chart-showing-these-languages-relative-popularity.jpg) +_source: Github_ + +### Your First Program in C++ + +```cpp +#include +using namespace std; +int main() +{ + cout << "Hello World!" << endl; + return 0; +} +``` + +#### The Output of this program will be: + +``` +Hello World! +``` + +Now, let's break down the code: + + +#### Lines 1 and 2 + +```cpp +#include +using namespace std; +``` + +* The first line tells the computer to use the `iostream` header file for this specific program. A header file is a separate file with pre-written C++ code. There are many other header files which are required for a specific program to run properly. For example, `math`, `vector`, `string`, etc. Header files are generally represented by a `.h` extension, when including standard library header files you don't include the `.h` extension. +* The `iostream` header contains the public interface for the input-output stream from the standard library. The `iostream` file contains code for allowing the computer to take input and generate an output, using the C++ language. +* The second line tells the computer to use the standard namespace which includes features of standard C++. You could write this program without this line, but you'd have to use `std::cout` instead of `cout` and `std::endl` instead of `endl` on line 4. It makes the code more readable and our lives as programmers easier. + +#### Line 3 and 4 + +```cpp +int main() +{ +``` + +* C++ starts execution of a program from the -main function- `int main()` . During execution, the computer starts running the code from every line from `{`(opening bracket) till `}`(closing bracket) + **NOTE : Every function starts with an opening curly brace "{" and ends with a closing curly brace "}".** +* Line 4 indicates the start of the main() function. + +#### Lines 5, 6 & 7 + +```cpp + cout << "Hello World" << endl; + return 0; +} +``` + +* The word `cout` in C++ is used to stream data to standard output. +* It is followed by `<<` , the _insertion operator_. +* Whatever is in the double quotes `""` is printed. Certain special characters have a different syntax for print statements +* Now to print any other kind of data, you have to add `<<`. + +***Challenge: Change Hello World to another sentence. What will be the output?*** + +* `endl` is another symbol from the iostream library which means to **end this line and go to the next line during output** . - _cout stands for "console output"_ +* Finally, finish the statement with a semicolon `;`. + +**NOTE : Every statement except the main function definition and the #include directive needs to be ended by the semicolon. Without a ";", you may encounter a compiler error.** + +* `return 0;` safely terminates the current function i.e. 'main()' in this case and since no function follows after 'main()' the program is terminated. +* Don't forget to tell the computer that this is end of the main() function. To do this , you add the closing curly brace "}". You will encounter compiler error before program execution if you do not include the **}** . + +### The code should look something like this: + +![Img](https://i.imgur.com/d1liGwI.png) + +Programmers use a Hello World program (like this one) as a ritual on using a new programming language. It is a symbol of good luck. +_You have finished coding your first C++ program and have understood most of the code you have written/typed. CONGRATULATIONS!_ + + **Good Luck to all of you and happy coding! :)** + + **Happy Coding ! :)** + + **Feel free to ask any questions on FreeCodeCamp's GitHub page or [FreeCodeCamp's Forum.](https://forum.freecodecamp.org/)** + + [Try it yourself ! :)](https://repl.it/L4k3) + +**You need software to write and execute C++ code, download from one of the links below:** + +[Codeblocks](http://www.codeblocks.org/downloads/26) +[Xcode](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/) +[Eclipse](http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/)