From 72be29068a04464157c08cd590d954d39fd65999 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: KartikSoneji <kartiksoneji@rocketmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Jul 2019 19:01:55 +0530
Subject: [PATCH] Added info; Fixed formatting; (#36329)

Added note on Scope
Fixed formatting of example and added better way to rewrite example.
---
 guide/english/cplusplus/goto/index.md | 80 +++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 64 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/guide/english/cplusplus/goto/index.md b/guide/english/cplusplus/goto/index.md
index 93fc00a136..d0f8449b3e 100644
--- a/guide/english/cplusplus/goto/index.md
+++ b/guide/english/cplusplus/goto/index.md
@@ -11,28 +11,76 @@ It does exactly what it is named as. It goes to the mentioned occurence of the n
 
 	goto - The keyword used to go to the particular label.
 	label - this can be named anything.
-# syntax
-
-`goto label; //This takes the program flow to the next appearance of label.`
-
-goto is something that transcends all loops. To be clearer on this point, here is an example.
+    
+# Syntax
 
+```C++
+goto label_name;
+//This takes the program flow to the next appearance of label_name.
 ```
-#include <iostream>
-using std::cout;
+Labels are defined as a name, followed by a colon (**:**)
+```C++
+label_name:
+```
+# Scope
 
-int main() {
-for(;;)
-{
-if(1)
-goto label;
+`goto` can only jump to a label in the **same scope** (set of braces - {}).
 
+### Example:
+```C++
+#include <iostream> 
+int main(){
+    goto x:
+    std::cout << "Hello World"; //no text is printed.
+    x:
+    return 0;
 }
-label:
-cout << "lol"; //here, goto is used to get out of an otherwise infinite loop. That is one of the only places where goto is tolerated.
+int someFunction(){
+    x: //the program does not jump to this label becaue it is in another scope.
     return 0;
 }
 ```
-[Try the code here!](https://wandbox.org/permlink/tG0aInbyuKJQC4ER)
 
-**However, care must be taken to use goto very carefully.**
+`goto` is something that transcends all loops. To be clearer on this point, here is an example.
+
+```C++
+#include <iostream>
+using std::cout;
+
+int main(){
+    for(;;){
+        if(1) goto label;
+    }
+    
+label:
+    cout << "lol";
+    //here, goto is used to get out of an otherwise infinite loop. That is one of the only places where goto is tolerated.
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+[Try the code here!](https://wandbox.org/permlink/2zm4f4WMR7ybvJlQ)
+
+Even though the above code works, a **much** better option is to structure your code such that `goto` is not needed for the program flow. For this reason, many modern programming languages (like java, javascript, python, etc.) do support `goto`. Instead, control statements like `break` and `continue` are used.
+
+The above example can be rewritten using `break` as:
+```C++
+#include <iostream>
+using std::cout;
+
+int main(){
+    for(;;){
+        if(1) break;
+    }
+    
+    cout << "lol";
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+[Try the code here!](https://wandbox.org/permlink/faRaw7paaRwWGkln)
+
+**However, care must be taken to use goto very carefully**, especially in the early days of coding as it can lead to crazy issues, if not understood well enough. `goto` violates the standard flow of the program, and as C++ is an object oriented language, goto should **NEVER EVER, EVER** be used in a normal program, under **ANY CIRCUMSTANCES**. The same effect can usually be replicated by using functions or loops, with the resulting code being easier to read as well as maintain.
+
+#### The consequences of using goto are illustrated in this XKCD comic (#292)
+![](https://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/goto.png)