feat(challenges): Adds do...while challenge to basic JS challenges (#16068)

* feat(challenges): Adds do...while challenge to basic JS challenges

Closes #14948

* fix: Update id for challenge in correct format

challenges/02-javascript-algorithms-and-data-structures/basic-javascript.json

@@ -5397,6 +5397,54 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    {
+      "id": "5a2efd662fb457916e1fe604",
+      "title": "Iterate with JavaScript Do...While Loops",
+      "description": [
+        "You can run the same code multiple times by using a loop.",
+        "The next type of loop you will learn is called a \"<code>do...while</code>\" loop because it first will \"<code>do</code>\" one pass of the code inside the loop no matter what, and then it runs \"<code>while</code>\" a specified condition is true and stops once that condition is no longer true. Let's look at an example.",
+        "<blockquote>var ourArray = [];<br>var i = 0;<br>do {<br>  ourArray.push(i);<br>  i++;<br>} while (i < 5);</blockquote>",
+        "This behaves just as you would expect with any other type of loop, and the resulting array will look like <code>[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]</code>. However, what makes the <code>do...while</code> different from other loops is how it behaves when the condition fails on the first check. Let's see this in action.",
+        "Here is a regular while loop that will run the code in the loop as long as <code>i < 5</code>.",
+        "<blockquote>var ourArray = []; <br>var i = 5;<br>while (i < 5) {<br>  ourArray.push(i);<br>  i++;<br>}</blockquote>",
+        "Notice that we initialize the value of <code>i</code> to be 5. When we execute the next line, we notice that <code>i</code> is not less than 5. So we do not execute the code inside the loop. The result is that <code>ourArray</code> will end up with nothing added to it, so it will still look like this <code>[]</code> when all the code in the example above finishes running.",
+        "Now, take a look at a <code>do...while</code> loop.",
+        "<blockquote>var ourArray = []; <br>var i = 5;<br>do {<br>  ourArray.push(i);<br>  i++;<br>} while (i < 5);</blockquote>",
+        "In this case, we initialize the value of <code>i</code> as 5, just like we did with the while loop. When we get to the next line, there is no check for the value of <code>i</code>, so we go to the code inside the curly braces and execute it. We will add one element to the array and increment <code>i</code> before we get to the condition check. Then, when we get to checking if <code>i < 5</code> see that <code>i</code> is now 6, which fails the conditional check. So we exit the loop and are done. At the end of the above example, the value of <code>ourArray</code> is <code>[5]</code>.",
+        "Essenially, a <code>do...while</code> loop ensures that the code inside the loop will run at least once.",
+        "Let's try getting a <code>do...while</code> loop to work by pushing values to an array.",
+        "<hr>",
+        "Change the <code>while</code> loop in the code to a <code>do...while</code> loop so that the loop will push the number 10 to <code>myArray</code>, and <code>i</code> will be equal to <code>11</code> when your code finishes running."
+      ],
+      "challengeSeed": [
+        "// Setup",
+        "var myArray = [];",
+        "var i = 10;",
+        "",
+        "// Only change code below this line.",
+        "",
+        "while (i < 5) {",
+        "  myArray.push(i);",
+        "  i++;",
+        "}",
+        ""
+      ],
+      "tail": [
+        "if(typeof myArray !== \"undefined\"){(function(){return myArray;})();}"
+      ],
+      "solutions": [
+        "var myArray = [];\nvar i = 10;\ndo {\n  myArray.push(i);\n  i++;\n} while (i < 5)"
+      ],
+      "tests": [
+        "assert(code.match(/do/g), 'message: You should be using a <code>do...while</code> loop for this.');",
+        "assert.deepEqual(myArray, [10], 'message: <code>myArray</code> should equal <code>[10]</code>.');",
+        "assert.deepEqual(i, 11, 'message: <code>i</code> should equal <code>11</code>');"
+      ],
+      "type": "waypoint",
+      "challengeType": 1,
+      "translations": {
+      }
+    },
     {
       "id": "5688e62ea601b2482ff8422b",
       "title": "Profile Lookup",