fix(a11y): make breadcrumb nav more accessible (#45021)

* fix: make breadcrumb nav more accessible

* refactor: cypress test and jest snapshot

* slight adjustment to left breadcrumb focus outline

* feat: translate aria for nav

* chore(tools): update snapshot

Co-authored-by: ahmad abdolsaheb <ahmad.abdolsaheb@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Naomi Carrigan <nhcarrigan@gmail.com>

client/i18n/locales/english/translations.json

@@ -466,7 +466,9 @@
     "first-page": "Go to first page",
     "previous-page": "Go to previous page",
     "next-page": "Go to next page",
-    "last-page": "Go to last page"
+    "last-page": "Go to last page",
+    "primary-nav": "primary",
+    "breadcrumb-nav": "breadcrumb"
   },
   "flash": {
     "honest-first": "To claim a certification, you must first accept our academic honesty policy",

client/src/components/Header/components/universal-nav.tsx

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 // @ts-nocheck
 import Loadable from '@loadable/component';
 import React, { Ref } from 'react';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import { isLanding } from '../../../utils/path-parsers';
 import { Link, SkeletonSprite } from '../../helpers';
 import MenuButton from './menu-button';
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ export const UniversalNav = ({
   fetchState
 }: UniversalNavProps): JSX.Element => {
   const { pending } = fetchState;
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
 
   const search =
     typeof window !== `undefined` && isLanding(window.location.pathname) ? (
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ export const UniversalNav = ({
 
   return (
     <nav
+      aria-label={t('aria.primary-nav')}
       className={'universal-nav' + (displayMenu ? ' expand-nav' : '')}
       id='universal-nav'
     >

client/src/templates/Challenges/components/__snapshots__/challenge-title.test.tsx.snap

@@ -4,11 +4,15 @@ exports[`<ChallengeTitle/> renders correctly 1`] = `
 <div
   className="challenge-title-wrap"
 >
-  <div
+  <nav
+    aria-label="aria.breadcrumb-nav"
     className="challenge-title-breadcrumbs"
   >
-    <a
+    <ol>
+      <li
         className="breadcrumb-left"
+      >
+        <a
           href="/learn/fake-superblock"
           state={
             Object {
@@ -20,11 +24,11 @@ exports[`<ChallengeTitle/> renders correctly 1`] = `
             className="ellipsis"
           />
         </a>
-    <div
-      className="breadcrumb-center"
-    />
-    <a
+      </li>
+      <li
         className="breadcrumb-right"
+      >
+        <a
           href="/learn/fake-superblock/#fake-block"
           state={
             Object {
@@ -32,7 +36,9 @@ exports[`<ChallengeTitle/> renders correctly 1`] = `
             }
           }
         />
-  </div>
+      </li>
+    </ol>
+  </nav>
   <div
     className="challenge-title"
   >

client/src/templates/Challenges/components/bread-crumb.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import i18next from 'i18next';
 import React from 'react';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import { Link } from '../../../components/helpers/index';
 
 import './challenge-title.css';
@@ -10,10 +11,15 @@ interface BreadCrumbProps {
 }
 
 function BreadCrumb({ block, superBlock }: BreadCrumbProps): JSX.Element {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   return (
-    <div className='challenge-title-breadcrumbs'>
+    <nav
+      className='challenge-title-breadcrumbs'
+      aria-label={t('aria.breadcrumb-nav')}
+    >
+      <ol>
+        <li className='breadcrumb-left'>
           <Link
-        className='breadcrumb-left'
             state={{ breadcrumbBlockClick: block }}
             to={`/learn/${superBlock}`}
           >
@@ -21,15 +27,17 @@ function BreadCrumb({ block, superBlock }: BreadCrumbProps): JSX.Element {
               {i18next.t(`intro:${superBlock}.title`)}
             </span>
           </Link>
-      <div className='breadcrumb-center' />
+        </li>
+        <li className='breadcrumb-right'>
           <Link
-        className='breadcrumb-right'
             state={{ breadcrumbBlockClick: block }}
             to={`/learn/${superBlock}/#${block}`}
           >
             {i18next.t(`intro:${superBlock}.blocks.${block}.title`)}
           </Link>
-    </div>
+        </li>
+      </ol>
+    </nav>
   );
 }
 

client/src/templates/Challenges/components/challenge-title.css

@@ -13,39 +13,69 @@
 }
 
 .challenge-title-breadcrumbs {
-  display: flex;
-  flex-direction: row;
-  justify-content: space-around;
   font-size: 16px;
   border: 1px solid var(--quaternary-background);
-  height: 25px;
   text-align: center;
 }
 
+.challenge-title-breadcrumbs ol {
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: space-around;
+  list-style-type: none;
+  margin-bottom: 0;
+  padding-left: 0;
+  width: 100%;
+}
+
+.challenge-title-breadcrumbs ol a {
+  width: 100%;
+  text-decoration: none;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  display: block;
+  padding: 0 3px;
+}
+
+.challenge-title-breadcrumbs ol a:focus {
+  outline: 2px solid var(--secondary-color);
+  background-color: inherit;
+}
+
+.challenge-title-breadcrumbs ol a:focus:not(:focus-visible) {
+  outline: none;
+}
+
+.challenge-title-breadcrumbs ol a:hover {
+  background-color: inherit;
+  text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
 .breadcrumb-left {
   text-decoration: none;
-  min-width: 25px;
+  min-width: 3rem;
   display: inline-block;
   align-items: center;
   justify-content: center;
   overflow: hidden;
   text-overflow: ellipsis;
-  max-height: 25px;
   white-space: nowrap;
   flex-grow: 1;
   flex-shrink: 2;
   background-color: var(--quaternary-background);
-  padding: 0px 3px;
+  padding: 0 0.57rem 0 0;
+  position: relative;
 }
 
-.breadcrumb-center {
-  width: 0;
-  height: 0;
-  border-top: calc(25px / 2) solid transparent;
-  border-bottom: calc(23px / 2) solid transparent;
-  border-left: calc(23px / 2) solid var(--quaternary-background);
-  flex-grow: 0;
-  flex-shrink: 0;
+.breadcrumb-left:after {
+  background-color: var(--secondary-background);
+  content: '';
+  border-top: calc(1.375rem / 2) solid transparent;
+  border-bottom: calc(1.2rem / 2) solid transparent;
+  border-left: calc(1.1rem / 2) solid var(--quaternary-background);
+  position: absolute;
+  top: 0;
+  right: 0;
+  height: 100%;
 }
 
 .breadcrumb-right {
@@ -53,29 +83,19 @@
   display: inline-block;
   align-items: center;
   justify-content: center;
-  max-height: 25px;
   min-width: 50px;
   flex-grow: 2;
   flex-shrink: 1;
   overflow: hidden;
   text-overflow: ellipsis;
   white-space: nowrap;
-  padding: 0px 3px;
+  padding: 0;
 }
 
 .breadcrumb-rule {
   margin: 5px -10px;
 }
 
-.breadcrumb-left:hover {
-  text-decoration: underline;
-  background-color: var(--quaternary-background);
-}
-.breadcrumb-right:hover {
-  text-decoration: underline;
-  background-color: var(--secondary-background);
-}
-
 .title-text {
   text-decoration: none;
   min-width: 25px;

cypress/integration/learn/redirects/breadcrumbs.js

@@ -8,23 +8,23 @@ describe('The breadcumbs should work corectly', () => {
   it('It should have a superblock and a course', () => {
     cy.visit(challengeUrl);
     cy.get('.ellipsis').contains('Responsive Web Design').and('be.visible');
-    cy.get('.breadcrumb-left')
+    cy.get('.breadcrumb-left > a')
       .should('have.attr', 'href')
       .and('include', superBlockUrl);
-    cy.get('.breadcrumb-right')
+    cy.get('.breadcrumb-right > a')
       .contains('Basic HTML and HTML5')
       .and('be.visible');
-    cy.get('.breadcrumb-right')
+    cy.get('.breadcrumb-right > a')
       .should('have.attr', 'href')
       .and('include', courseUrl);
   });
 
   it('Should redirect to the right url', () => {
     cy.visit(challengeUrl);
-    cy.get('.breadcrumb-left').click();
+    cy.get('.breadcrumb-left > a').click();
     cy.url().should('include', '/responsive-web-design');
     cy.visit(challengeUrl);
-    cy.get('.breadcrumb-right').click();
+    cy.get('.breadcrumb-right > a').click();
     cy.url().should('include', '/responsive-web-design/#basic-html-and-html5');
   });
 });