feat(interview-prep): Transfering Rosetta problems from Curriculum (#34822)

curriculum/challenges/_meta/rosetta-code/meta.json

@@ -100,6 +100,18 @@
       "59713da0a428c1a62d7db430",
       "Cramer's rule"
     ],
+    [
+      "5a23c84252665b21eecc7e03",
+      "Cumulative standard deviation"
+    ],
+    [
+      "5a23c84252665b21eecc7e05",
+      "CUSIP"
+    ],
+    [
+      "5a23c84252665b21eecc7e06",
+      "Cut a rectangle"
+    ],
     [
       "59669d08d75b60482359409f",
       "Date format"
@@ -132,6 +144,10 @@
       "59f4eafba0343628bb682785",
       "Discordian date"
     ],
+    [
+      "5a23c84252665b21eecc7e1e",
+      "Dot product"
+    ],
     [
       "599c333915e0ea32d04d4bec",
       "Element-wise operations"

curriculum/challenges/english/08-coding-interview-prep/rosetta-code/cumulative-standard-deviation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---
+id: 5a23c84252665b21eecc7e03
+title: Cumulative standard deviation
+challengeType: 5
+---
+
+## Description
+<section id='description'>
+Write a function that takes an array of numbers as parameter and returns the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard Deviation">standard deviation</a> of the series.
+</section>
+
+## Instructions
+<section id='instructions'>
+
+</section>
+
+## Tests
+<section id='tests'>
+
+``` yml
+tests:
+  - text: <code>standardDeviation</code> should be a function.
+    testString: assert(typeof standardDeviation == 'function', '<code>standardDeviation</code> should be a function.');
+  - text: <code>standardDeviation([2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 9])</code> should return a number.
+    testString: assert(typeof standardDeviation([2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 9]) == 'number', '<code>standardDeviation([2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 9])</code> should return a number.');
+  - text: <code>standardDeviation([2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 9])</code> should return <code>2</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(standardDeviation([2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 9]), 2, '<code>standardDeviation([2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 9])</code> should return <code>2</code>.');
+  - text: <code>standardDeviation([600, 470, 170, 430, 300])</code> should return <code>147.323</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(standardDeviation([600, 470, 170, 430, 300]), 147.323, '<code>standardDeviation([600, 470, 170, 430, 300])</code> should return <code>147.323</code>.');
+  - text: <code>standardDeviation([75, 83, 96, 100, 121, 125])</code> should return <code>18.239</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(standardDeviation([75, 83, 96, 100, 121, 125]), 18.239, '<code>standardDeviation([75, 83, 96, 100, 121, 125])</code> should return <code>18.239</code>.');
+  - text: <code>standardDeviation([23, 37, 45, 49, 56, 63, 63, 70, 72, 82])</code> should return <code>16.87</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(standardDeviation([23, 37, 45, 49, 56, 63, 63, 70, 72, 82]), 16.87, '<code>standardDeviation([23, 37, 45, 49, 56, 63, 63, 70, 72, 82])</code> should return <code>16.87</code>.');
+  - text: <code>standardDeviation([271, 354, 296, 301, 333, 326, 285, 298, 327, 316, 287, 314])</code> should return <code>22.631</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(standardDeviation([271, 354, 296, 301, 333, 326, 285, 298, 327, 316, 287, 314]), 22.631, '<code>standardDeviation([271, 354, 296, 301, 333, 326, 285, 298, 327, 316, 287, 314])</code> should return <code>22.631</code>.');
+```
+
+</section>
+
+## Challenge Seed
+<section id='challengeSeed'>
+<div id='js-seed'>
+
+```js
+function standardDeviation (arr) {
+  // Good luck!
+}
+```
+
+</div>
+</section>
+
+## Solution
+<section id='solution'>
+
+```js
+function standardDeviation (arr) {
+  var sum = 0,
+    sum_sq = 0,
+    n = arr.length;
+  arr.forEach(function(e) {
+    sum += e;
+    sum_sq += e * e;
+  })
+
+  var std_dev=Math.sqrt((sum_sq / n) - Math.pow(sum / n, 2))
+  return Math.round(std_dev*1000)/1000;
+}
+```
+
+</section>

curriculum/challenges/english/08-coding-interview-prep/rosetta-code/cusip.md

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+---
+id: 5a23c84252665b21eecc7e05
+title: CUSIP
+challengeType: 5
+---
+
+## Description
+<section id='description'>
+A <b>CUSIP</b> is a nine-character alphanumeric code that identifies a North American financial security for the purposes of facilitating clearing and settlement of trades. The CUSIP was adopted as an American National Standard under Accredited Standards X9.6.
+Write a function that takes a string as a parameter and checks if the string is valid CUSIP.
+</section>
+
+## Instructions
+<section id='instructions'>
+
+</section>
+
+## Tests
+<section id='tests'>
+
+``` yml
+tests:
+  - text: <code>isCusip</code> should be a function.
+    testString: assert(typeof isCusip == 'function', '<code>isCusip</code> should be a function.');
+  - text: <code>isCusip("037833100")</code> should return a boolean.
+    testString: assert(typeof isCusip("037833100") == 'boolean', '<code>isCusip("037833100")</code> should return a boolean.');
+  - text: <code>isCusip("037833100")</code> should return <code>true</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(isCusip("037833100"), true, '<code>isCusip("037833100")</code> should return <code>true</code>.');
+  - text: <code>isCusip("17275R102")</code> should return <code>true</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(isCusip("17275R102"), true, '<code>isCusip("17275R102")</code> should return <code>true</code>.');
+  - text: <code>isCusip("38259P50a")</code> should return <code>false</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(isCusip("38259P50a"), false, '<code>isCusip("38259P50a")</code> should return <code>false</code>.');
+  - text: <code>isCusip("38259P508")</code> should return <code>true</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(isCusip("38259P508"), true, '<code>isCusip("38259P508")</code> should return <code>true</code>.');
+  - text: <code>isCusip("38259P50#")</code> should return <code>false</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(isCusip("38259P50#"), false, '<code>isCusip("38259P50#")</code> should return <code>false</code>.');
+  - text: <code>isCusip("68389X105")</code> should return <code>true</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(isCusip("68389X105"), true, '<code>isCusip("68389X105")</code> should return <code>true</code>.');
+  - text: <code>isCusip("68389X106")</code> should return <code>false</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(isCusip("68389X106"), false, '<code>isCusip("68389X106")</code> should return <code>false</code>.');
+  - text: <code>isCusip("5949181")</code> should return <code>false</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(isCusip("5949181"), false, '<code>isCusip("5949181")</code> should return <code>false</code>.');
+```
+
+</section>
+
+## Challenge Seed
+<section id='challengeSeed'>
+<div id='js-seed'>
+
+```js
+function isCusip (s) {
+  // Good luck!
+}
+```
+
+</div>
+</section>
+
+## Solution
+<section id='solution'>
+
+```js
+function isCusip (s) {
+  if (s.length != 9) return false;
+  var sum = 0;
+  var ASCII = x => x.charCodeAt(0);
+  for (var i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
+    var c = s.charCodeAt(i);
+
+    var v;
+    if (c >= ASCII('0') && c <= ASCII('9')) {
+      v = c - 48;
+    } else if (c >= ASCII('A') && c <= ASCII('Z')) {
+      v = c - 64; // lower case letters apparently invalid
+    } else if (c == ASCII('*')) {
+      v = 36;
+    } else if (c == ASCII('@')) {
+      v = 37;
+    } else if (c == ASCII('#')) {
+      v = 38;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (i % 2 == 1) v *= 2; // check if odd as using 0-based indexing
+    sum += Math.floor(v / 10) + v % 10;
+  }
+  return s.charCodeAt(8) - 48 == (10 - (sum % 10)) % 10;
+}
+```
+
+</section>

curriculum/challenges/english/08-coding-interview-prep/rosetta-code/cut-a-rectangle.md

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+---
+id: 5a23c84252665b21eecc7e06
+title: Cut a rectangle
+challengeType: 5
+---
+
+## Description
+<section id='description'>
+A given rectangle is made from <i>m</i> × <i>n</i> squares. If <i>m</i> and <i>n</i> are not both odd, then it is possible to cut a path through the rectangle along the square edges such that the rectangle splits into two connected pieces with the same shape (after rotating one of the pieces by 180°). All such paths for 2 × 2 and 4 × 3 rectangles are shown below.
+<a href="http://rosettacode.org/wiki/file:rect-cut.svg">file:rect-cut.svg</a>
+Write a function that calculates the number of different ways to cut an <i>m</i> × <i>n</i> rectangle.
+</section>
+
+## Instructions
+<section id='instructions'>
+
+</section>
+
+## Tests
+<section id='tests'>
+
+``` yml
+tests:
+  - text: <code>cutRectangle</code> should be a function.
+    testString: assert(typeof cutRectangle == 'function', '<code>cutRectangle</code> should be a function.');
+  - text: <code>cutRectangle(2, 2)</code> should return a number.
+    testString: assert(typeof cutRectangle(2, 2) == 'number', '<code>cutRectangle(2, 2)</code> should return a number.');
+  - text: <code>cutRectangle(2, 2)</code> should return <code>2</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(cutRectangle(2, 2), 2, '<code>cutRectangle(2, 2)</code> should return <code>2</code>.');
+  - text: <code>cutRectangle(4, 3)</code> should return <code>9</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(cutRectangle(4, 3), 9, '<code>cutRectangle(4, 3)</code> should return <code>9</code>.');
+  - text: <code>cutRectangle(4, 4)</code> should return <code>22</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(cutRectangle(4, 4), 22, '<code>cutRectangle(4, 4)</code> should return <code>22</code>.');
+  - text: <code>cutRectangle(8, 3)</code> should return <code>53</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(cutRectangle(8, 3), 53, '<code>cutRectangle(8, 3)</code> should return <code>53</code>.');
+  - text: <code>cutRectangle(7, 4)</code> should return <code>151</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(cutRectangle(7, 4), 151, '<code>cutRectangle(7, 4)</code> should return <code>151</code>.');
+```
+
+</section>
+
+## Challenge Seed
+<section id='challengeSeed'>
+<div id='js-seed'>
+
+```js
+function cutRectangle (w, h) {
+  // Good luck!
+}
+```
+
+</div>
+</section>
+
+## Solution
+<section id='solution'>
+
+```js
+function cutRectangle (w, h) {
+  if (w % 2 == 1 && h % 2 == 1)
+    return;
+
+  var dirs = [[0, -1], [-1, 0], [0, 1], [1, 0]];
+
+  var grid = new Array(h); for (var i = 0; i < grid.length; i++) grid[i]=new Array(w);
+  var stack = [];
+
+  var half = Math.floor((w * h) / 2);
+  var bits = Math.pow(2, half) - 1;
+  var result=0;
+  for (; bits > 0; bits -= 2) {
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < half; i++) {
+      var r = Math.floor(i / w);
+      var c = i % w;
+      grid[r][c] = (bits & (1 << i)) != 0 ? 1 : 0;
+      grid[h - r - 1][w - c - 1] = 1 - grid[r][c];
+    }
+
+    stack.push(0);
+    grid[0][0] = 2;
+    var count = 1;
+    while (stack.length!=0) {
+
+      var pos = stack.pop();
+      var r = Math.floor(pos / w);
+      var c = pos % w;
+
+      for (var dir of dirs) {
+        var nextR = r + dir[0];
+        var nextC = c + dir[1];
+
+        if (nextR >= 0 && nextR < h && nextC >= 0 && nextC < w) {
+
+          if (grid[nextR][nextC] == 1) {
+            stack.push(nextR * w + nextC);
+            grid[nextR][nextC] = 2;
+            count++;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (count == half) {
+      result++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+```
+
+</section>

curriculum/challenges/english/08-coding-interview-prep/rosetta-code/dot-product.md

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+---
+id: 5a23c84252665b21eecc7e1e
+title: Dot product
+challengeType: 5
+---
+
+## Description
+<section id='description'>
+Create a function, to compute the <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot product">dot product</a></b>, also known as the <b>scalar product</b> of two vectors.
+</section>
+
+## Instructions
+<section id='instructions'>
+
+</section>
+
+## Tests
+<section id='tests'>
+
+``` yml
+tests:
+  - text: <code>dotProduct</code> should be a function.
+    testString: assert(typeof dotProduct == 'function', '<code>dotProduct</code> should be a function.');
+  - text: <code>dotProduct([1, 3, -5], [4, -2, -1])</code> should return a number.
+    testString: assert(typeof dotProduct([1, 3, -5], [4, -2, -1]) == 'number', '<code>dotProduct([1, 3, -5], [4, -2, -1])</code> should return a number.');
+  - text: <code>dotProduct([1, 3, -5], [4, -2, -1])</code> should return <code>3</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(dotProduct([1, 3, -5], [4, -2, -1]), 3, '<code>dotProduct([1, 3, -5], [4, -2, -1])</code> should return <code>3</code>.');
+  - text: <code>dotProduct([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9, 10])</code> should return <code>130</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(dotProduct([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]), 130, '<code>dotProduct([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9, 10])</code> should return <code>130</code>.');
+  - text: <code>dotProduct([5, 4, 3, 2], [7, 8, 9, 6])</code> should return <code>106</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(dotProduct([5, 4, 3, 2], [7, 8, 9, 6]), 106, '<code>dotProduct([5, 4, 3, 2], [7, 8, 9, 6])</code> should return <code>106</code>.');
+  - text: <code>dotProduct([-5, 4, -3, 2], [-7, -8, 9, -6])</code> should return <code>-36</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(dotProduct([-5, 4, -3, 2], [-7, -8, 9, -6]), -36, '<code>dotProduct([-5, 4, -3, 2], [-7, -8, 9, -6])</code> should return <code>-36</code>.');
+  - text: <code>dotProduct([17, 27, 34, 43, 15], [62, 73, 48, 95, 110])</code> should return <code>10392</code>.
+    testString: assert.equal(dotProduct([17, 27, 34, 43, 15], [62, 73, 48, 95, 110]), 10392, '<code>dotProduct([17, 27, 34, 43, 15], [62, 73, 48, 95, 110])</code> should return <code>10392</code>.');
+```
+
+</section>
+
+## Challenge Seed
+<section id='challengeSeed'>
+<div id='js-seed'>
+
+```js
+function dotProduct (ary1, ary2) {
+  // Good luck!
+}
+```
+
+</div>
+</section>
+
+## Solution
+<section id='solution'>
+
+```js
+function dotProduct (ary1, ary2) {
+    var dotprod = 0;
+    for (var i = 0; i < ary1.length; i++)
+        dotprod += ary1[i] * ary2[i];
+    return dotprod;
+}
+```
+
+</section>