Correcting format (#26885)
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committed by
Christopher McCormack
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@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ Now that you have that background, let's start with our 'Hello, World' program.
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## Hello world in C
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## Hello world in C
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```C
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```C
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdio.h> <!-- stdio or standard input output is a dirctory file in C-->
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int main(void)
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int main(void)
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{
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{
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printf("hello, world\n");
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printf("hello, world\n");
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return 0;
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return 0;
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}
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}
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```
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```
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@ -46,11 +46,9 @@ int main(void)
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```
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```
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This code declares the main function. The main function is special- it will always get called and is always the 'main' part of your program. If this isn't in your program, your program can't run and won't compile.
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This code declares the main function. The main function is special- it will always get called and is always the 'main' part of your program. If this isn't in your program, your program can't run and won't compile.
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Starting the function declaration with `int` means that this function will give an `int` value when it's done running through its code- it's this function's output. `int` is the 'integer' data type, and integers are whole numbers like -3, 0, or 18. So we know that this code will run, and when it's done, it will give us back an integer. By convention, this integer is 0.
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Starting the function declaration with `int` means that this function will give an `int` or integer value when it compiles the code- it's this function's output. `int` is the 'integer' data type, and integers are whole numbers like -3, 0, or 18. So we know that this code will run, and when it's done, it will give us back an integer. By convention, the integer has a `garbage value`.
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Next is `main`. `main` is the name of this function, and as you learned earlier, it's important to have a `main` function because your program won't work without it. `main` is followed by `(void)`. This tells the compiler that this function doesn't take any parameters, meaning that it has no input.
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Next is `main`. The `main` function is the function which acts the parent where all the other elements and functions are it's children. The `main` is followed by `(void)`. This tells the compiler that this function doesn't take any parameters, meaning that it has no input.
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This might not make a lot of sense right now, but you'll be learning more about this when you start reading about functions in C later. For now, just remember that `main` is required for your C program, it isn't taking any input, and it's giving a number as its output.
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Finally, there are the brackets: `{` and `}`. These mark the beginning and end of the function. The open curly bracket (`{`) marks the beginning, and the close curly bracket (`}`) marks the end. Everything between the two is within the function.
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Finally, there are the brackets: `{` and `}`. These mark the beginning and end of the function. The open curly bracket (`{`) marks the beginning, and the close curly bracket (`}`) marks the end. Everything between the two is within the function.
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@ -60,7 +58,7 @@ Now let's look at the meat of the program:
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printf("Hello, World!\n");
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printf("Hello, World!\n");
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```
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```
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`printf` is a function that takes text and prints it to the screen. The parenthesis indicates what information we want the `printf` function to take and print to the screen. We show that this is a string we want printed by surrounding it in quotes "like this".
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`printf` is a function that takes input and prints it to the screen. The parenthesis indicates what information we want the `printf` function to take and print to the screen. We show that this is a string we want printed by surrounding it in quotes "like this".
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Notice the \n found within the quotes- this tells the `printf` function to print a newline. A newline is what gets printed when you hit enter on your keyboard. Without explicitly telling C to print a newline, everything will be printed on the same line.
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Notice the \n found within the quotes- this tells the `printf` function to print a newline. A newline is what gets printed when you hit enter on your keyboard. Without explicitly telling C to print a newline, everything will be printed on the same line.
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@ -112,15 +110,21 @@ Make a new program with `file` -> `new` -> `Source File`, then copy over the hel
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# Before you go on...
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# Before you go on...
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## A review
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## A review
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* C is lingua franca of programming languages.
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<ul>
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* C was used to re-implement the Unix operating system.
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<li>C is lingua franca of programming languages.</li>
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* C is useful because it's small, fast, and has access to low-level operations. Because of this, it gets used a lot in robotics, operating systems, and consumer electronics, but not in things like webpages.
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<li>C was used to re-implement the Unix operating system.</li>
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* A C program has a few critical parts:
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<li>C is useful because it's small, fast, and has access to low-level operations. Because of this, it gets used a lot in robotics, operating systems, and consumer electronics, but not in things like webpages.</li>
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* The include statement, which tells the C compiler where to find additional code that will be used in the program.
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</ul>
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* The main function, which is where the code will first be executed and is required in order to compile.
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* Stuff within that main function which will get executed, including a return statement that closes the program and gives a value to the program that called it.
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#### A C program has a few critical parts:
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* C needs to be compiled in order to run.
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<ul>
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* C can be used to access specific hardware addresses and to perform type punning to match externally imposed interface requirements, with a low run-time demand on system resources.
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<li>The include statement, which tells the C compiler where to find additional code that will be used in the program.</li>
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<li>The main function, which is where the code will first be executed and is required in order to compile.</li>
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<li>Stuff within that main function which will get executed, including a return statement that closes the program and gives a value to the program that called it.</li>
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<li>C needs to be compiled in order to run.</li>
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<li>C can be used to access specific hardware addresses and to perform type punning to match externally imposed interface requirements, with a low run-time demand on system resources.</li>
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</ul>
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#### More information:
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#### More information:
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* [C Programming Tutorials.](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/)
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* [C Programming Tutorials.](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/)
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