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fix(i18n): add missing portuguese blocks (#42505)

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146
curriculum/challenges/portuguese/01-responsive-web-design/applied-visual-design/adjust-the-background-color-property-of-text.md Normal file
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---
id: 587d781b367417b2b2512abc
title: Adjust the background-color Property of Text
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cEDqwA6'
forumTopicId: 301032
dashedName: adjust-the-background-color-property-of-text
---
# --description--
Instead of adjusting your overall background or the color of the text to make the foreground easily readable, you can add a `background-color` to the element holding the text you want to emphasize. This challenge uses `rgba()` instead of `hex` codes or normal `rgb()`.
<blockquote>rgba stands for:<br>  r = red<br>  g = green<br>  b = blue<br>  a = alpha/level of opacity</blockquote>
The RGB values can range from 0 to 255. The alpha value can range from 1, which is fully opaque or a solid color, to 0, which is fully transparent or clear. `rgba()` is great to use in this case, as it allows you to adjust the opacity. This means you don't have to completely block out the background.
You'll use `background-color: rgba(45, 45, 45, 0.1)` for this challenge. It produces a dark gray color that is nearly transparent given the low opacity value of 0.1.
# --instructions--
To make the text stand out more, adjust the `background-color` of the `h4` element to the given `rgba()` value.
Also for the `h4`, remove the `height` property and add `padding` of 10px.
# --hints--
Your code should add a `background-color` property to the `h4` element set to `rgba(45, 45, 45, 0.1)`.
```js
assert(
/(background-color|background):rgba\(45,45,45,0?\.1\)(;?}|;)/gi.test(
code.replace(/\s/g, '')
)
);
```
Your code should add a `padding` property to the `h4` element and set it to 10 pixels.
```js
assert(
$('h4').css('padding-top') == '10px' &&
$('h4').css('padding-right') == '10px' &&
$('h4').css('padding-bottom') == '10px' &&
$('h4').css('padding-left') == '10px'
);
```
The `height` property on the `h4` element should be removed.
```js
assert(!($('h4').css('height') == '25px'));
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
height: 25px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Alphabet</h4>
<hr>
<p><em>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were <u>Ph.D. students</u> at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
padding: 10px;
background-color: rgba(45, 45, 45, 0.1);
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Alphabet</h4>
<hr>
<p><em>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were <u>Ph.D. students</u> at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```

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curriculum/challenges/portuguese/01-responsive-web-design/applied-visual-design/adjust-the-color-of-various-elements-to-complementary-colors.md Normal file
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---
id: 587d78a4367417b2b2512ad3
title: Adjust the Color of Various Elements to Complementary Colors
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cWmPpud'
forumTopicId: 301033
dashedName: adjust-the-color-of-various-elements-to-complementary-colors
---
# --description--
The Complementary Colors challenge showed that opposite colors on the color wheel can make each other appear more vibrant when placed side-by-side. However, the strong visual contrast can be jarring if it's overused on a website, and can sometimes make text harder to read if it's placed on a complementary-colored background. In practice, one of the colors is usually dominant and the complement is used to bring visual attention to certain content on the page.
# --instructions--
This page will use a shade of teal (`#09A7A1`) as the dominant color, and its orange (`#FF790E`) complement to visually highlight the sign-up buttons. Change the `background-color` of both the `header` and `footer` from black to the teal color. Then change the `h2` text `color` to teal as well. Finally, change the `background-color` of the `button` to the orange color.
# --hints--
The `header` element should have a `background-color` of #09A7A1.
```js
assert($('header').css('background-color') == 'rgb(9, 167, 161)');
```
The `footer` element should have a `background-color` of #09A7A1.
```js
assert($('footer').css('background-color') == 'rgb(9, 167, 161)');
```
The `h2` element should have a `color` of #09A7A1.
```js
assert($('h2').css('color') == 'rgb(9, 167, 161)');
```
The `button` element should have a `background-color` of #FF790E.
```js
assert($('button').css('background-color') == 'rgb(255, 121, 14)');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
body {
background-color: white;
}
header {
background-color: black;
color: white;
padding: 0.25em;
}
h2 {
color: black;
}
button {
background-color: white;
}
footer {
background-color: black;
color: white;
padding: 0.5em;
}
</style>
<header>
<h1>Cooking with FCC!</h1>
</header>
<main>
<article>
<h2>Machine Learning in the Kitchen</h2>
<p>Join this two day workshop that walks through how to implement cutting-edge snack-getting algorithms with a command line interface. Coding usually involves writing exact instructions, but sometimes you need your computer to execute flexible commands, like <code>fetch Pringles</code>.</p>
<button>Sign Up</button>
</article>
<article>
<h2>Bisection Vegetable Chopping</h2>
<p>This week-long retreat will level-up your coding ninja skills to actual ninja skills. No longer is the humble bisection search limited to sorted arrays or coding interview questions, applying its concepts in the kitchen will have you chopping carrots in O(log n) time before you know it.</p>
<button>Sign Up</button>
</article>
</main>
<br>
<footer>&copy; 2018 FCC Kitchen</footer>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
body {
background-color: white;
}
header {
background-color: #09A7A1;
color: white;
padding: 0.25em;
}
h2 {
color: #09A7A1;
}
button {
background-color: #FF790E;
}
footer {
background-color: #09A7A1;
color: white;
padding: 0.5em;
}
</style>
<header>
<h1>Cooking with FCC!</h1>
</header>
<main>
<article>
<h2>Machine Learning in the Kitchen</h2>
<p>Join this two day workshop that walks through how to implement cutting-edge snack-getting algorithms with a command line interface. Coding usually involves writing exact instructions, but sometimes you need your computer to execute flexible commands, like <code>fetch Pringles</code>.</p>
<button>Sign Up</button>
</article>
<article>
<h2>Bisection Vegetable Chopping</h2>
<p>This week-long retreat will level-up your coding ninja skills to actual ninja skills. No longer is the humble bisection search limited to sorted arrays or coding interview questions, applying its concepts in the kitchen will have you chopping carrots in O(log n) time before you know it.</p>
<button>Sign Up</button>
</article>
</main>
<br>
<footer>&copy; 2018 FCC Kitchen</footer>
```

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---
id: 587d7791367417b2b2512ab5
title: Adjust the Height of an Element Using the height Property
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cEDaDTN'
forumTopicId: 301034
dashedName: adjust-the-height-of-an-element-using-the-height-property
---
# --description--
You can specify the height of an element using the `height` property in CSS, similar to the `width` property. Here's an example that changes the height of an image to 20px:
```css
img {
height: 20px;
}
```
# --instructions--
Add a `height` property to the `h4` tag and set it to 25px.
**Note:** You may need to be at 100% zoom to pass the test on this challenge.
# --hints--
Your code should change the `h4` `height` property to a value of 25 pixels.
```js
assert(
Math.round(document.querySelector('h4').getBoundingClientRect().height) ===
25 &&
/h4{\S*height:25px(;\S*}|})/.test($('style').text().replace(/\s/g, ''))
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
margin-right: 20px;
text-align: left;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Google</h4>
<p>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University.</p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
height: 25px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
margin-right: 20px;
text-align: left;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Google</h4>
<p>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University.</p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```

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---
id: 587d781d367417b2b2512ac8
title: Adjust the Hover State of an Anchor Tag
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cakRGcm'
forumTopicId: 301035
dashedName: adjust-the-hover-state-of-an-anchor-tag
---
# --description--
This challenge will touch on the usage of pseudo-classes. A pseudo-class is a keyword that can be added to selectors, in order to select a specific state of the element.
For example, the styling of an anchor tag can be changed for its hover state using the `:hover` pseudo-class selector. Here's the CSS to change the `color` of the anchor tag to red during its hover state:
```css
a:hover {
color: red;
}
```
# --instructions--
The code editor has a CSS rule to style all `a` tags black. Add a rule so that when the user hovers over the `a` tag, the `color` is blue.
# --hints--
The anchor tag `color` should remain black, only add CSS rules for the `:hover` state.
```js
assert($('a').css('color') == 'rgb(0, 0, 0)');
```
The anchor tag should have a `color` of blue on hover.
```js
assert(
code.match(
/a:hover\s*?{\s*?color:\s*?(blue|rgba\(\s*?0\s*?,\s*?0\s*?,\s*?255\s*?,\s*?1\s*?\)|#00F|rgb\(\s*?0\s*?,\s*?0\s*?,\s*?255\s*?\))\s*?;\s*?}/gi
)
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
a {
color: #000;
}
</style>
<a href="https://freecatphotoapp.com/" target="_blank">CatPhotoApp</a>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
a {
color: #000;
}
a:hover {
color: rgba(0,0,255,1);
}
</style>
<a href="https://freecatphotoapp.com/" target="_blank">CatPhotoApp</a>
```

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---
id: 587d78a4367417b2b2512ad4
title: Adjust the Hue of a Color
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cPp38TZ'
forumTopicId: 301036
dashedName: adjust-the-hue-of-a-color
---
# --description--
Colors have several characteristics including hue, saturation, and lightness. CSS3 introduced the `hsl()` property as an alternative way to pick a color by directly stating these characteristics.
**Hue** is what people generally think of as 'color'. If you picture a spectrum of colors starting with red on the left, moving through green in the middle, and blue on right, the hue is where a color fits along this line. In `hsl()`, hue uses a color wheel concept instead of the spectrum, where the angle of the color on the circle is given as a value between 0 and 360.
**Saturation** is the amount of gray in a color. A fully saturated color has no gray in it, and a minimally saturated color is almost completely gray. This is given as a percentage with 100% being fully saturated.
**Lightness** is the amount of white or black in a color. A percentage is given ranging from 0% (black) to 100% (white), where 50% is the normal color.
Here are a few examples of using `hsl()` with fully-saturated, normal lightness colors:
<table class='table table-striped'><thead><tr><th>Color</th><th>HSL</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>red</td><td>hsl(0, 100%, 50%)</td></tr><tr><td>yellow</td><td>hsl(60, 100%, 50%)</td></tr><tr><td>green</td><td>hsl(120, 100%, 50%)</td></tr><tr><td>cyan</td><td>hsl(180, 100%, 50%)</td></tr><tr><td>blue</td><td>hsl(240, 100%, 50%)</td></tr><tr><td>magenta</td><td>hsl(300, 100%, 50%)</td></tr></tbody></table>
# --instructions--
Change the `background-color` of each `div` element based on the class names (`green`, `cyan`, or `blue`) using `hsl()`. All three should have full saturation and normal lightness.
# --hints--
Your code should use the `hsl()` property to declare the color `green`.
```js
assert(code.match(/\.green\s*?{\s*?background-color\s*:\s*?hsl/gi));
```
Your code should use the `hsl()` property to declare the color `cyan`.
```js
assert(code.match(/\.cyan\s*?{\s*?background-color\s*:\s*?hsl/gi));
```
Your code should use the `hsl()` property to declare the color `blue`.
```js
assert(code.match(/\.blue\s*?{\s*?background-color\s*:\s*?hsl/gi));
```
The `div` element with class `green` should have a `background-color` of green.
```js
assert($('.green').css('background-color') == 'rgb(0, 255, 0)');
```
The `div` element with class `cyan` should have a `background-color` of cyan.
```js
assert($('.cyan').css('background-color') == 'rgb(0, 255, 255)');
```
The `div` element with class `blue` should have a `background-color` of blue.
```js
assert($('.blue').css('background-color') == 'rgb(0, 0, 255)');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
body {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
}
.green {
background-color: #000000;
}
.cyan {
background-color: #000000;
}
.blue {
background-color: #000000;
}
div {
display: inline-block;
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
}
</style>
<div class="green"></div>
<div class="cyan"></div>
<div class="blue"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
body {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
}
.green {
background-color: hsl(120, 100%, 50%);
}
.cyan {
background-color: hsl(180, 100%, 50%);
}
.blue {
background-color: hsl(240, 100%, 50%);
}
div {
display: inline-block;
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
}
</style>
<div class="green"></div>
<div class="cyan"></div>
<div class="blue"></div>
```

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---
id: 587d781b367417b2b2512abd
title: Adjust the Size of a Header Versus a Paragraph Tag
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/c3bRPTz'
forumTopicId: 301037
dashedName: adjust-the-size-of-a-header-versus-a-paragraph-tag
---
# --description--
The font size of header tags (`h1` through `h6`) should generally be larger than the font size of paragraph tags. This makes it easier for the user to visually understand the layout and level of importance of everything on the page. You use the `font-size` property to adjust the size of the text in an element.
# --instructions--
To make the heading significantly larger than the paragraph, change the `font-size` of the `h4` tag to 27 pixels.
# --hints--
Your code should add a `font-size` property to the `h4` element set to 27 pixels.
```js
assert($('h4').css('font-size') == '27px');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
background-color: rgba(45, 45, 45, 0.1);
padding: 10px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Alphabet</h4>
<hr>
<p><em>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were <u>Ph.D. students</u> at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
background-color: rgba(45, 45, 45, 0.1);
padding: 10px;
font-size: 27px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Alphabet</h4>
<hr>
<p><em>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were <u>Ph.D. students</u> at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```

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---
id: 587d78a4367417b2b2512ad5
title: Adjust the Tone of a Color
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cEDJvT7'
forumTopicId: 301038
dashedName: adjust-the-tone-of-a-color
---
# --description--
The `hsl()` option in CSS also makes it easy to adjust the tone of a color. Mixing white with a pure hue creates a tint of that color, and adding black will make a shade. Alternatively, a tone is produced by adding gray or by both tinting and shading. Recall that the 's' and 'l' of `hsl()` stand for saturation and lightness, respectively. The saturation percent changes the amount of gray and the lightness percent determines how much white or black is in the color. This is useful when you have a base hue you like, but need different variations of it.
# --instructions--
All elements have a default `background-color` of `transparent`. Our `nav` element currently appears to have a `cyan` background, because the element behind it has a `background-color` set to `cyan`. Add a `background-color` to the `nav` element so it uses the same `cyan` hue, but has `80%` saturation and `25%` lightness values to change its tone and shade.
# --hints--
The `nav` element should have a `background-color` of the adjusted cyan tone using the `hsl()` property.
```js
assert(
code.match(/nav\s*?{\s*?background-color:\s*?hsl\(180,\s*?80%,\s*?25%\)/gi)
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
header {
background-color: hsl(180, 90%, 35%);
color: #FFFFFF;
}
nav {
}
h1 {
text-indent: 10px;
padding-top: 10px;
}
nav ul {
margin: 0px;
padding: 5px 0px 5px 30px;
}
nav li {
display: inline;
margin-right: 20px;
}
a {
text-decoration: none;
color: inherit;
}
</style>
<header>
<h1>Cooking with FCC!</h1>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Classes</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
header {
background-color: hsl(180, 90%, 35%);
color: #FFFFFF;
}
nav {
background-color: hsl(180, 80%, 25%);
}
h1 {
text-indent: 10px;
padding-top: 10px;
}
nav ul {
margin: 0px;
padding: 5px 0px 5px 30px;
}
nav li {
display: inline;
margin-right: 20px;
}
a {
text-decoration: none;
color: inherit;
}
</style>
<header>
<h1>Cooking with FCC!</h1>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Classes</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
```

115
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---
id: 587d7791367417b2b2512ab4
title: Adjust the Width of an Element Using the width Property
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cvVLPtN'
forumTopicId: 301039
dashedName: adjust-the-width-of-an-element-using-the-width-property
---
# --description--
You can specify the width of an element using the `width` property in CSS. Values can be given in relative length units (such as `em`), absolute length units (such as `px`), or as a percentage of its containing parent element. Here's an example that changes the width of an image to 220px:
```css
img {
width: 220px;
}
```
# --instructions--
Add a `width` property to the entire card and set it to an absolute value of 245px. Use the `fullCard` class to select the element.
# --hints--
Your code should change the `width` property of the card to 245 pixels by using the `fullCard` class selector.
```js
const fullCard = code.match(/\.fullCard\s*{[\s\S]+?[^}]}/g);
assert(
fullCard &&
/width\s*:\s*245px\s*(;|})/gi.test(fullCard[0]) &&
$('.fullCard').css('maxWidth') === 'none'
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
margin-right: 20px;
text-align: left;
}
.fullCard {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Google</h4>
<p>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University.</p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
margin-right: 20px;
text-align: left;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Google</h4>
<p>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University.</p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```

141
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---
id: 587d78a8367417b2b2512ae5
title: Animate Elements at Variable Rates
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cZ89WA4'
forumTopicId: 301040
dashedName: animate-elements-at-variable-rates
---
# --description--
There are a variety of ways to alter the animation rates of similarly animated elements. So far, this has been achieved by applying an `animation-iteration-count` property and setting `@keyframes` rules.
To illustrate, the animation on the right consists of two stars that each decrease in size and opacity at the 20% mark in the `@keyframes` rule, which creates the twinkle animation. You can change the `@keyframes` rule for one of the elements so the stars twinkle at different rates.
# --instructions--
Alter the animation rate for the element with the class name of `star-1` by changing its `@keyframes` rule to 50%.
# --hints--
The `@keyframes` rule for the `star-1` class should be 50%.
```js
assert(code.match(/twinkle-1\s*?{\s*?50%/g));
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
.stars {
background-color: white;
height: 30px;
width: 30px;
border-radius: 50%;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
.star-1 {
margin-top: 15%;
margin-left: 60%;
animation-name: twinkle-1;
animation-duration: 1s;
}
.star-2 {
margin-top: 25%;
margin-left: 25%;
animation-name: twinkle-2;
animation-duration: 1s;
}
@keyframes twinkle-1 {
20% {
transform: scale(0.5);
opacity: 0.5;
}
}
@keyframes twinkle-2 {
20% {
transform: scale(0.5);
opacity: 0.5;
}
}
#back {
position: fixed;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background: linear-gradient(black, #000099, #66c2ff, #ffcccc, #ffeee6);
}
</style>
<div id="back"></div>
<div class="star-1 stars"></div>
<div class="star-2 stars"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
.stars {
background-color: white;
height: 30px;
width: 30px;
border-radius: 50%;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
.star-1 {
margin-top: 15%;
margin-left: 60%;
animation-name: twinkle-1;
animation-duration: 1s;
}
.star-2 {
margin-top: 25%;
margin-left: 25%;
animation-name: twinkle-2;
animation-duration: 1s;
}
@keyframes twinkle-1 {
50% {
transform: scale(0.5);
opacity: 0.5;
}
}
@keyframes twinkle-2 {
20% {
transform: scale(0.5);
opacity: 0.5;
}
}
#back {
position: fixed;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background: linear-gradient(black, #000099, #66c2ff, #ffcccc, #ffeee6);
}
</style>
<div id="back"></div>
<div class="star-1 stars"></div>
<div class="star-2 stars"></div>
```

107
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---
id: 587d78a8367417b2b2512ae3
title: Animate Elements Continually Using an Infinite Animation Count
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cVJDVfq'
forumTopicId: 301041
dashedName: animate-elements-continually-using-an-infinite-animation-count
---
# --description--
The previous challenges covered how to use some of the animation properties and the `@keyframes` rule. Another animation property is the `animation-iteration-count`, which allows you to control how many times you would like to loop through the animation. Here's an example:
```css
animation-iteration-count: 3;
```
In this case the animation will stop after running 3 times, but it's possible to make the animation run continuously by setting that value to `infinite`.
# --instructions--
To keep the ball bouncing on the right on a continuous loop, change the `animation-iteration-count` property to `infinite`.
# --hints--
The `animation-iteration-count` property should have a value of `infinite`.
```js
assert($('#ball').css('animation-iteration-count') == 'infinite');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
#ball {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
margin: 50px auto;
position: relative;
border-radius: 50%;
background: linear-gradient(
35deg,
#ccffff,
#ffcccc
);
animation-name: bounce;
animation-duration: 1s;
animation-iteration-count: 3;
}
@keyframes bounce{
0% {
top: 0px;
}
50% {
top: 249px;
width: 130px;
height: 70px;
}
100% {
top: 0px;
}
}
</style>
<div id="ball"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
#ball {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
margin: 50px auto;
position: relative;
border-radius: 50%;
background: linear-gradient(
35deg,
#ccffff,
#ffcccc
);
animation-name: bounce;
animation-duration: 1s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
@keyframes bounce{
0% {
top: 0px;
}
50% {
top: 249px;
width: 130px;
height: 70px;
}
100% {
top: 0px;
}
}
</style>
<div id="ball"></div>
```

155
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---
id: 587d78a8367417b2b2512ae6
title: Animate Multiple Elements at Variable Rates
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cnpWZc9'
forumTopicId: 301042
dashedName: animate-multiple-elements-at-variable-rates
---
# --description--
In the previous challenge, you changed the animation rates for two similarly animated elements by altering their `@keyframes` rules. You can achieve the same goal by manipulating the `animation-duration` of multiple elements.
In the animation running in the code editor, there are three stars in the sky that twinkle at the same rate on a continuous loop. To make them twinkle at different rates, you can set the `animation-duration` property to different values for each element.
# --instructions--
Set the `animation-duration` of the elements with the classes `star-1`, `star-2`, and `star-3` to 1s, 0.9s, and 1.1s, respectively.
# --hints--
The `animation-duration` property for the star with class `star-1` should remain at 1s.
```js
assert($('.star-1').css('animation-duration') == '1s');
```
The `animation-duration` property for the star with class `star-2` should be 0.9s.
```js
assert($('.star-2').css('animation-duration') == '0.9s');
```
The `animation-duration` property for the star with class `star-3` should be 1.1s.
```js
assert($('.star-3').css('animation-duration') == '1.1s');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
.stars {
background-color: white;
height: 30px;
width: 30px;
border-radius: 50%;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
.star-1 {
margin-top: 15%;
margin-left: 60%;
animation-duration: 1s;
animation-name: twinkle;
}
.star-2 {
margin-top: 25%;
margin-left: 25%;
animation-duration: 1s;
animation-name: twinkle;
}
.star-3 {
margin-top: 10%;
margin-left: 50%;
animation-duration: 1s;
animation-name: twinkle;
}
@keyframes twinkle {
20% {
transform: scale(0.5);
opacity: 0.5;
}
}
#back {
position: fixed;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background: linear-gradient(black, #000099, #66c2ff, #ffcccc, #ffeee6);
}
</style>
<div id="back"></div>
<div class="star-1 stars"></div>
<div class="star-2 stars"></div>
<div class="star-3 stars"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
.stars {
background-color: white;
height: 30px;
width: 30px;
border-radius: 50%;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
.star-1 {
margin-top: 15%;
margin-left: 60%;
animation-duration: 1s;
animation-name: twinkle;
}
.star-2 {
margin-top: 25%;
margin-left: 25%;
animation-duration: 0.9s;
animation-name: twinkle;
}
.star-3 {
margin-top: 10%;
margin-left: 50%;
animation-duration: 1.1s;
animation-name: twinkle;
}
@keyframes twinkle {
20% {
transform: scale(0.5);
opacity: 0.5;
}
}
#back {
position: fixed;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background: linear-gradient(black, #000099, #66c2ff, #ffcccc, #ffeee6);
}
</style>
<div id="back"></div>
<div class="star-1 stars"></div>
<div class="star-2 stars"></div>
<div class="star-3 stars"></div>
```

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---
id: 587d78a3367417b2b2512ad0
title: Center an Element Horizontally Using the margin Property
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cyLJqU4'
forumTopicId: 301043
dashedName: center-an-element-horizontally-using-the-margin-property
---
# --description--
Another positioning technique is to center a block element horizontally. One way to do this is to set its `margin` to a value of auto.
This method works for images, too. Images are inline elements by default, but can be changed to block elements when you set the `display` property to `block`.
# --instructions--
Center the `div` on the page by adding a `margin` property with a value of `auto`.
# --hints--
The `div` should have a `margin` set to `auto`.
```js
assert(code.match(/margin:\s*?auto;/g));
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
div {
background-color: blue;
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
}
</style>
<div></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
div {
background-color: blue;
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
margin: auto;
}
</style>
<div></div>
```

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---
id: 587d781e367417b2b2512ac9
title: Change an Element's Relative Position
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/czVmMtZ'
forumTopicId: 301044
dashedName: change-an-elements-relative-position
---
# --description--
CSS treats each HTML element as its own box, which is usually referred to as the <dfn>CSS Box Model</dfn>. Block-level items automatically start on a new line (think headings, paragraphs, and divs) while inline items sit within surrounding content (like images or spans). The default layout of elements in this way is called the <dfn>normal flow</dfn> of a document, but CSS offers the position property to override it.
When the position of an element is set to `relative`, it allows you to specify how CSS should move it *relative* to its current position in the normal flow of the page. It pairs with the CSS offset properties of `left` or `right`, and `top` or `bottom`. These say how many pixels, percentages, or ems to move the item *away* from where it is normally positioned. The following example moves the paragraph 10 pixels away from the bottom:
```css
p {
position: relative;
bottom: 10px;
}
```
Changing an element's position to relative does not remove it from the normal flow - other elements around it still behave as if that item were in its default position.
**Note:** Positioning gives you a lot of flexibility and power over the visual layout of a page. It's good to remember that no matter the position of elements, the underlying HTML markup should be organized and make sense when read from top to bottom. This is how users with visual impairments (who rely on assistive devices like screen readers) access your content.
# --instructions--
Change the `position` of the `h2` to `relative`, and use a CSS offset to move it 15 pixels away from the `top` of where it sits in the normal flow. Notice there is no impact on the positions of the surrounding h1 and p elements.
# --hints--
The `h2` element should have a `position` property set to `relative`.
```js
assert($('h2').css('position') == 'relative');
```
Your code should use a CSS offset to relatively position the `h2` 15px away from the `top` of where it normally sits.
```js
assert($('h2').css('top') == '15px');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
h2 {
}
</style>
<body>
<h1>On Being Well-Positioned</h1>
<h2>Move me!</h2>
<p>I still think the h2 is where it normally sits.</p>
</body>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
h2 {
position: relative;
top: 15px;
}
</style>
<body>
<h1>On Being Well-Positioned</h1>
<h2>Move me!</h2>
<p>I still think the h2 is where it normally sits.</p>
</body>
```

127
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---
id: 587d78a8367417b2b2512ae7
title: Change Animation Timing with Keywords
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cJKvwCM'
forumTopicId: 301045
dashedName: change-animation-timing-with-keywords
---
# --description--
In CSS animations, the `animation-timing-function` property controls how quickly an animated element changes over the duration of the animation. If the animation is a car moving from point A to point B in a given time (your `animation-duration`), the `animation-timing-function` says how the car accelerates and decelerates over the course of the drive.
There are a number of predefined keywords available for popular options. For example, the default value is `ease`, which starts slow, speeds up in the middle, and then slows down again in the end. Other options include `ease-out`, which is quick in the beginning then slows down, `ease-in`, which is slow in the beginning, then speeds up at the end, or `linear`, which applies a constant animation speed throughout.
# --instructions--
For the elements with id of `ball1` and `ball2`, add an `animation-timing-function` property to each, and set `#ball1` to `linear`, and `#ball2` to `ease-out`. Notice the difference between how the elements move during the animation but end together, since they share the same `animation-duration` of 2 seconds.
# --hints--
The value of the `animation-timing-function` property for the element with the id `ball1` should be `linear`.
```js
const ball1Animation = __helpers.removeWhiteSpace(
$('#ball1').css('animation-timing-function')
);
assert(ball1Animation == 'linear' || ball1Animation == 'cubic-bezier(0,0,1,1)');
```
The value of the `animation-timing-function` property for the element with the id `ball2` should be `ease-out`.
```js
const ball2Animation = __helpers.removeWhiteSpace(
$('#ball2').css('animation-timing-function')
);
assert(
ball2Animation == 'ease-out' || ball2Animation == 'cubic-bezier(0,0,0.58,1)'
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
.balls {
border-radius: 50%;
background: linear-gradient(
35deg,
#ccffff,
#ffcccc
);
position: fixed;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
margin-top: 50px;
animation-name: bounce;
animation-duration: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
#ball1 {
left:27%;
}
#ball2 {
left:56%;
}
@keyframes bounce {
0% {
top: 0px;
}
100% {
top: 249px;
}
}
</style>
<div class="balls" id="ball1"></div>
<div class="balls" id="ball2"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
.balls {
border-radius: 50%;
background: linear-gradient(
35deg,
#ccffff,
#ffcccc
);
position: fixed;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
margin-top: 50px;
animation-name: bounce;
animation-duration: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
#ball1 {
left:27%;
animation-timing-function: linear;
}
#ball2 {
left:56%;
animation-timing-function: ease-out;
}
@keyframes bounce {
0% {
top: 0px;
}
100% {
top: 249px;
}
}
</style>
<div class="balls" id="ball1"></div>
<div class="balls" id="ball2"></div>
```

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---
id: 587d78a3367417b2b2512acf
title: Change the Position of Overlapping Elements with the z-index Property
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cM94aHk'
forumTopicId: 301046
dashedName: change-the-position-of-overlapping-elements-with-the-z-index-property
---
# --description--
When elements are positioned to overlap (i.e. using `position: absolute | relative | fixed | sticky`), the element coming later in the HTML markup will, by default, appear on the top of the other elements. However, the `z-index` property can specify the order of how elements are stacked on top of one another. It must be an integer (i.e. a whole number and not a decimal), and higher values for the `z-index` property of an element move it higher in the stack than those with lower values.
# --instructions--
Add a `z-index` property to the element with the class name of `first` (the red rectangle) and set it to a value of 2 so it covers the other element (blue rectangle).
# --hints--
The element with class `first` should have a `z-index` value of 2.
```js
assert($('.first').css('z-index') == '2');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
div {
width: 60%;
height: 200px;
margin-top: 20px;
}
.first {
background-color: red;
position: absolute;
}
.second {
background-color: blue;
position: absolute;
left: 40px;
top: 50px;
z-index: 1;
}
</style>
<div class="first"></div>
<div class="second"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
div {
width: 60%;
height: 200px;
margin-top: 20px;
}
.first {
background-color: red;
position: absolute;
z-index: 2;
}
.second {
background-color: blue;
position: absolute;
left: 40px;
top: 50px;
z-index: 1;
}
</style>
<div class="first"></div>
<div class="second"></div>
```

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---
id: 587d78a5367417b2b2512ad6
title: Create a Gradual CSS Linear Gradient
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cg4dpt9'
forumTopicId: 301047
dashedName: create-a-gradual-css-linear-gradient
---
# --description--
Applying a color on HTML elements is not limited to one flat hue. CSS provides the ability to use color transitions, otherwise known as gradients, on elements. This is accessed through the `background` property's `linear-gradient()` function. Here is the general syntax:
```css
background: linear-gradient(gradient_direction, color 1, color 2, color 3, ...);
```
The first argument specifies the direction from which color transition starts - it can be stated as a degree, where `90deg` makes a horizontal gradient (from left to right) and `45deg` makes a diagonal gradient (from bottom left to top right). The following arguments specify the order of colors used in the gradient.
Example:
```css
background: linear-gradient(90deg, red, yellow, rgb(204, 204, 255));
```
# --instructions--
Use a `linear-gradient()` for the `div` element's `background`, and set it from a direction of 35 degrees to change the color from `#CCFFFF` to `#FFCCCC`.
# --hints--
The `div` element should have a `linear-gradient` `background` with the specified direction and colors.
```js
assert(
$('div')
.css('background-image')
.match(
/linear-gradient\(35deg, rgb\(204, 255, 255\), rgb\(255, 204, 204\)\)/gi
)
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
div {
border-radius: 20px;
width: 70%;
height: 400px;
margin: 50px auto;
}
</style>
<div></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
div {
border-radius: 20px;
width: 70%;
height: 400px;
margin: 50px auto;
background: linear-gradient(35deg, #CCFFFF, #FFCCCC);
}
</style>
<div></div>
```

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---
id: 587d78a6367417b2b2512add
title: Create a Graphic Using CSS
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cEDWPs6'
forumTopicId: 301048
dashedName: create-a-graphic-using-css
---
# --description--
By manipulating different selectors and properties, you can make interesting shapes. One of the easier ones to try is a crescent moon shape. For this challenge you need to work with the `box-shadow` property that sets the shadow of an element, along with the `border-radius` property that controls the roundness of the element's corners.
You will create a round, transparent object with a crisp shadow that is slightly offset to the side - the shadow is actually going to be the moon shape you see.
In order to create a round object, the `border-radius` property should be set to a value of 50%.
You may recall from an earlier challenge that the `box-shadow` property takes values for `offset-x`, `offset-y`, `blur-radius`, `spread-radius` and a color value in that order. The `blur-radius` and `spread-radius` values are optional.
# --instructions--
Manipulate the square element in the editor to create the moon shape. First, change the `background-color` to `transparent`, then set the `border-radius` property to 50% to make the circular shape. Finally, change the `box-shadow` property to set the `offset-x` to 25px, the `offset-y` to 10px, `blur-radius` to 0, `spread-radius` to 0, and color to `blue`.
# --hints--
The value of the `background-color` property should be set to `transparent`.
```js
assert(code.match(/background-color:\s*?transparent;/gi));
```
The value of the `border-radius` property should be set to `50%`.
```js
assert(code.match(/border-radius:\s*?50%;/gi));
```
The value of the `box-shadow` property should be set to 25px for `offset-x`, 10px for `offset-y`, 0 for `blur-radius`, 0 for `spread-radius`, and finally `blue` for the color.
```js
assert(
code.match(/box-shadow:\s*?25px\s+?10px\s+?0(px)?\s+?0(px)?\s+?blue\s*?;/gi)
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
.center {
position: absolute;
margin: auto;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: blue;
border-radius: 0px;
box-shadow: 25px 10px 10px 10px green;
}
</style>
<div class="center"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
.center {
position: absolute;
margin: auto;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: transparent;
border-radius: 50%;
box-shadow: 25px 10px 0 0 blue;
}
</style>
<div class="center"></div>
```

122
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---
id: 587d781b367417b2b2512abb
title: Create a Horizontal Line Using the hr Element
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/c3bR8t7'
forumTopicId: 301049
dashedName: create-a-horizontal-line-using-the-hr-element
---
# --description--
You can use the `hr` tag to add a horizontal line across the width of its containing element. This can be used to define a change in topic or to visually separate groups of content.
# --instructions--
Add an `hr` tag underneath the `h4` which contains the card title.
**Note:** In HTML, `hr` is a self-closing tag, and therefore doesn't need a separate closing tag.
# --hints--
Your code should add an `hr` tag to the markup.
```js
assert($('hr').length == 1);
```
The `hr` tag should come between the title and the paragraph.
```js
assert(code.match(/<\/h4>\s*?<hr(>|\s*?\/>)\s*?<p>/gi));
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
height: 25px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4><s>Google</s>Alphabet</h4>
<p><em>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were <u>Ph.D. students</u> at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
height: 25px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4><s>Google</s>Alphabet</h4>
<hr>
<p><em>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were <u>Ph.D. students</u> at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```

146
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---
id: 587d78a6367417b2b2512ade
title: Create a More Complex Shape Using CSS and HTML
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cPpz4fr'
forumTopicId: 301050
dashedName: create-a-more-complex-shape-using-css-and-html
---
# --description--
One of the most popular shapes in the world is the heart shape, and in this challenge you'll create one using pure CSS. But first, you need to understand the `::before` and `::after` pseudo-elements. These pseudo-elements are used to add something before or after a selected element. In the following example, a `::before` pseudo-element is used to add a rectangle to an element with the class `heart`:
```css
.heart::before {
content: "";
background-color: yellow;
border-radius: 25%;
position: absolute;
height: 50px;
width: 70px;
top: -50px;
left: 5px;
}
```
For the `::before` and `::after` pseudo-elements to function properly, they must have a defined `content` property. This property is usually used to add things like a photo or text to the selected element. When the `::before` and `::after` pseudo-elements are used to make shapes, the `content` property is still required, but it's set to an empty string. In the above example, the element with the class of `heart` has a `::before` pseudo-element that produces a yellow rectangle with height and width of `50px` and `70px`, respectively. This rectangle has round corners due to its 25% `border-radius` and is positioned absolutely at `5px` from the left and `50px` above the top of the element.
# --instructions--
Transform the element on the screen to a heart. In the `heart::after` selector, change the `background-color` to `pink` and the `border-radius` to 50%.
Next, target the element with the class `heart` (just `heart`) and fill in the `transform` property. Use the `rotate()` function with -45 degrees.
Finally, in the `heart::before` selector, set its `content` property to an empty string.
# --hints--
The `background-color` property of the `heart::after` selector should be `pink`.
```js
const heartAfter = code.match(/\.heart::after\s*{[\s\S]+?[^\}]}/g)[0];
assert(
/({|;)\s*background-color\s*:\s*pink\s*(;|})/g.test(heartAfter)
);
```
The `border-radius` of the `heart::after` selector should be 50%.
```js
assert(code.match(/border-radius\s*?:\s*?50%/gi).length == 2);
```
The `transform` property for the `heart` class should use a `rotate()` function set to -45 degrees.
```js
assert(code.match(/transform\s*?:\s*?rotate\(\s*?-45deg\s*?\)/gi));
```
The `content` of the `heart::before` selector should be an empty string.
```js
assert(code.match(/\.heart::before\s*?{\s*?content\s*?:\s*?("|')\1\s*?;/gi));
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
.heart {
position: absolute;
margin: auto;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
background-color: pink;
height: 50px;
width: 50px;
transform: ;
}
.heart::after {
background-color: blue;
content: "";
border-radius: 25%;
position: absolute;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
top: 0px;
left: 25px;
}
.heart::before {
content: ;
background-color: pink;
border-radius: 50%;
position: absolute;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
top: -25px;
left: 0px;
}
</style>
<div class="heart"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
.heart {
position: absolute;
margin: auto;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
background-color: pink;
height: 50px;
width: 50px;
transform: rotate(-45deg);
}
.heart::after {
background-color: pink;
content: "";
border-radius: 50%;
position: absolute;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
top: 0px;
left: 25px;
}
.heart::before {
content: "";
background-color: pink;
border-radius: 50%;
position: absolute;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
top: -25px;
left: 0px;
}
</style>
<div class="heart"></div>
```

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---
id: 587d78a7367417b2b2512ae1
title: Create Movement Using CSS Animation
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/c7amZfW'
forumTopicId: 301051
dashedName: create-movement-using-css-animation
---
# --description--
When elements have a specified `position`, such as `fixed` or `relative`, the CSS offset properties `right`, `left`, `top`, and `bottom` can be used in animation rules to create movement.
As shown in the example below, you can push the item downwards then upwards by setting the `top` property of the `50%` keyframe to 50px, but having it set to 0px for the first (`0%`) and the last (`100%`) keyframe.
```css
@keyframes rainbow {
0% {
background-color: blue;
top: 0px;
}
50% {
background-color: green;
top: 50px;
}
100% {
background-color: yellow;
top: 0px;
}
}
```
# --instructions--
Add a horizontal motion to the `div` animation. Using the `left` offset property, add to the `@keyframes` rule so rainbow starts at 0 pixels at `0%`, moves to 25 pixels at `50%`, and ends at -25 pixels at `100%`. Don't replace the `top` property in the editor - the animation should have both vertical and horizontal motion.
# --hints--
The `@keyframes` rule for `0%` should use the `left` offset of 0px.
```js
assert(code.match(/[^50]0%\s*?{[\s\S]*?left:\s*?0px(;[\s\S]*?|\s*?)}/gi));
```
The `@keyframes` rule for `50%` should use the `left` offset of 25px.
```js
assert(code.match(/50%\s*?{[\s\S]*?left:\s*?25px(;[\s\S]*?|\s*?)}/gi));
```
The `@keyframes` rule for `100%` should use the `left` offset of -25px.
```js
assert(code.match(/100%\s*?{[\s\S]*?left:\s*?-25px(;[\s\S]*?|\s*?)}/gi));
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
div {
height: 40px;
width: 70%;
background: black;
margin: 50px auto;
border-radius: 5px;
position: relative;
}
#rect {
animation-name: rainbow;
animation-duration: 4s;
}
@keyframes rainbow {
0% {
background-color: blue;
top: 0px;
}
50% {
background-color: green;
top: 50px;
}
100% {
background-color: yellow;
top: 0px;
}
}
</style>
<div id="rect"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
div {
height: 40px;
width: 70%;
background: black;
margin: 50px auto;
border-radius: 5px;
position: relative;
}
#rect {
animation-name: rainbow;
animation-duration: 4s;
}
@keyframes rainbow {
0% {
background-color: blue;
top: 0px;
left: 0px;
}
50% {
background-color: green;
top: 50px;
left: 25px;
}
100% {
background-color: yellow;
top: 0px;
left: -25px;
}
}
</style>
<div id="rect"></div>
```

50
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---
id: 587d78a5367417b2b2512ad8
title: Create Texture by Adding a Subtle Pattern as a Background Image
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cQdwJC8'
forumTopicId: 301052
dashedName: create-texture-by-adding-a-subtle-pattern-as-a-background-image
---
# --description--
One way to add texture and interest to a background and have it stand out more is to add a subtle pattern. The key is balance, as you don't want the background to stand out too much, and take away from the foreground. The `background` property supports the `url()` function in order to link to an image of the chosen texture or pattern. The link address is wrapped in quotes inside the parentheses.
# --instructions--
Using the url of `https://cdn-media-1.freecodecamp.org/imgr/MJAkxbh.png`, set the `background` of the whole page with the `body` selector.
# --hints--
Your `body` element should have a `background` property set to a `url()` with the given link.
```js
assert(
code.match(
/background:\s*?url\(\s*("|'|)https:\/\/cdn-media-1\.freecodecamp\.org\/imgr\/MJAkxbh\.png\1\s*\)/gi
)
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
body {
}
</style>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
body {
background: url("https://cdn-media-1.freecodecamp.org/imgr/MJAkxbh.png");
}
</style>
```

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---
id: 587d7791367417b2b2512ab3
title: Create Visual Balance Using the text-align Property
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/c3b4EAp'
forumTopicId: 301053
dashedName: create-visual-balance-using-the-text-align-property
---
# --description--
This section of the curriculum focuses on Applied Visual Design. The first group of challenges build on the given card layout to show a number of core principles.
Text is often a large part of web content. CSS has several options for how to align it with the `text-align` property.
`text-align: justify;` causes all lines of text except the last line to meet the left and right edges of the line box.
`text-align: center;` centers the text
`text-align: right;` right-aligns the text
And `text-align: left;` (the default) left-aligns the text.
# --instructions--
Align the `h4` tag's text, which says "Google", to the center. Then justify the paragraph tag which contains information about how Google was founded.
# --hints--
Your code should use the text-align property on the `h4` tag to set it to `center`.
```js
assert($('h4').css('text-align') == 'center');
```
Your code should use the text-align property on the `p` tag to set it to `justify`.
```js
assert($('p').css('text-align') == 'justify');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
h4 {
}
p {
}
.links {
margin-right: 20px;
}
.fullCard {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Google</h4>
<p>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University.</p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
margin-right: 20px;
}
.fullCard {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Google</h4>
<p>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University.</p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```

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---
id: 587d78a7367417b2b2512ae2
title: Create Visual Direction by Fading an Element from Left to Right
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cGJqqAE'
forumTopicId: 301054
dashedName: create-visual-direction-by-fading-an-element-from-left-to-right
---
# --description--
For this challenge, you'll change the `opacity` of an animated element so it gradually fades as it reaches the right side of the screen.
In the displayed animation, the round element with the gradient background moves to the right by the 50% mark of the animation per the `@keyframes` rule.
# --instructions--
Target the element with the id of `ball` and add the `opacity` property set to 0.1 at `50%`, so the element fades as it moves to the right.
# --hints--
The `keyframes` rule for fade should set the `opacity` property to 0.1 at 50%.
```js
assert(
code.match(
/@keyframes fade\s*?{\s*?50%\s*?{\s*?(?:left:\s*?60%;\s*?opacity:\s*?0?\.1;|opacity:\s*?0?\.1;\s*?left:\s*?60%;)/gi
)
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
#ball {
width: 70px;
height: 70px;
margin: 50px auto;
position: fixed;
left: 20%;
border-radius: 50%;
background: linear-gradient(
35deg,
#ccffff,
#ffcccc
);
animation-name: fade;
animation-duration: 3s;
}
@keyframes fade {
50% {
left: 60%;
}
}
</style>
<div id="ball"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
#ball {
width: 70px;
height: 70px;
margin: 50px auto;
position: fixed;
left: 20%;
border-radius: 50%;
background: linear-gradient(
35deg,
#ccffff,
#ffcccc
);
animation-name: fade;
animation-duration: 3s;
}
@keyframes fade {
50% {
left: 60%;
opacity: 0.1;
}
}
</style>
<div id="ball"></div>
```

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---
id: 587d781c367417b2b2512abf
title: Decrease the Opacity of an Element
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/c7aKqu4'
forumTopicId: 301055
dashedName: decrease-the-opacity-of-an-element
---
# --description--
The `opacity` property in CSS is used to adjust the opacity, or conversely, the transparency for an item.
<blockquote>A value of 1 is opaque, which isn't transparent at all.<br>A value of 0.5 is half see-through.<br>A value of 0 is completely transparent.</blockquote>
The value given will apply to the entire element, whether that's an image with some transparency, or the foreground and background colors for a block of text.
# --instructions--
Set the `opacity` of the anchor tags to 0.7 using `links` class to select them.
# --hints--
Your code should set the `opacity` property to 0.7 on the anchor tags by selecting the class of `links`.
```js
assert(
/\.links\s*{([\s\S]*?;)*\s*opacity\s*:\s*0*\.70*\s*(;[\s\S]*?|\s*)}/.test(
$('style').text()
)
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
background-color: rgba(45, 45, 45, 0.1);
padding: 10px;
font-size: 27px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
}
#thumbnail {
box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.23);
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard" id="thumbnail">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Alphabet</h4>
<hr>
<p><em>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were <u>Ph.D. students</u> at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
background-color: rgba(45, 45, 45, 0.1);
padding: 10px;
font-size: 27px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
opacity: 0.7;
}
#thumbnail {
box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.23);
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard" id="thumbnail">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Alphabet</h4>
<hr>
<p><em>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were <u>Ph.D. students</u> at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```

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---
id: 587d78a3367417b2b2512ad1
title: Learn about Complementary Colors
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/c2MD3Tr'
forumTopicId: 301056
dashedName: learn-about-complementary-colors
---
# --description--
Color theory and its impact on design is a deep topic and only the basics are covered in the following challenges. On a website, color can draw attention to content, evoke emotions, or create visual harmony. Using different combinations of colors can really change the look of a website, and a lot of thought can go into picking a color palette that works with your content.
The color wheel is a useful tool to visualize how colors relate to each other - it's a circle where similar hues are neighbors and different hues are farther apart. When two colors are opposite each other on the wheel, they are called complementary colors. They have the characteristic that if they are combined, they "cancel" each other out and create a gray color. However, when placed side-by-side, these colors appear more vibrant and produce a strong visual contrast.
Some examples of complementary colors with their hex codes are:
<blockquote>red (#FF0000) and cyan (#00FFFF)<br>green (#00FF00) and magenta (#FF00FF)<br>blue (#0000FF) and yellow (#FFFF00)</blockquote>
This is different than the outdated RYB color model that many of us were taught in school, which has different primary and complementary colors. Modern color theory uses the additive RGB model (like on a computer screen) and the subtractive CMY(K) model (like in printing). Read [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_model) for more information on this complex subject.
There are many color picking tools available online that have an option to find the complement of a color.
**Note:** Using color can be a powerful way to add visual interest to a page. However, color alone should not be used as the only way to convey important information because users with visual impairments may not understand that content. This issue will be covered in more detail in the Applied Accessibility challenges.
# --instructions--
Change the `background-color` property of the `blue` and `yellow` classes to their respective colors. Notice how the colors look different next to each other than they do compared against the white background.
# --hints--
The `div` element with class `blue` should have a `background-color` of blue.
```js
assert($('.blue').css('background-color') == 'rgb(0, 0, 255)');
```
The `div` element with class `yellow` should have a `background-color` of yellow.
```js
assert($('.yellow').css('background-color') == 'rgb(255, 255, 0)');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
body {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
}
.blue {
background-color: #000000;
}
.yellow {
background-color: #000000;
}
div {
display: inline-block;
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
}
</style>
<div class="blue"></div>
<div class="yellow"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
body {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
}
.blue {
background-color: blue;
}
.yellow {
background-color: yellow;
}
div {
display: inline-block;
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
}
</style>
<div class="blue"></div>
<div class="yellow"></div>
```

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---
id: 587d78a4367417b2b2512ad2
title: Learn about Tertiary Colors
challengeType: 0
forumTopicId: 301057
dashedName: learn-about-tertiary-colors
---
# --description--
Computer monitors and device screens create different colors by combining amounts of red, green, and blue light. This is known as the RGB additive color model in modern color theory. Red (R), green (G), and blue (B) are called primary colors. Mixing two primary colors creates the secondary colors cyan (G + B), magenta (R + B) and yellow (R + G). You saw these colors in the Complementary Colors challenge. These secondary colors happen to be the complement to the primary color not used in their creation, and are opposite to that primary color on the color wheel. For example, magenta is made with red and blue, and is the complement to green.
Tertiary colors are the result of combining a primary color with one of its secondary color neighbors. For example, within the RGB color model, red (primary) and yellow (secondary) make orange (tertiary). This adds six more colors to a simple color wheel for a total of twelve.
There are various methods of selecting different colors that result in a harmonious combination in design. One example that can use tertiary colors is called the split-complementary color scheme. This scheme starts with a base color, then pairs it with the two colors that are adjacent to its complement. The three colors provide strong visual contrast in a design, but are more subtle than using two complementary colors.
Here are three colors created using the split-complement scheme:
<table class='table table-striped'><thead><tr><th>Color</th><th>Hex Code</th></tr></thead><thead></thead><tbody><tr><td>orange</td><td>#FF7F00</td></tr><tr><td>cyan</td><td>#00FFFF</td></tr><tr><td>raspberry</td><td>#FF007F</td></tr></tbody></table>
# --instructions--
Change the `background-color` property of the `orange`, `cyan`, and `raspberry` classes to their respective colors. Make sure to use the hex codes and not the color names.
# --hints--
The `div` element with class `orange` should have a `background-color` of orange.
```js
assert($('.orange').css('background-color') == 'rgb(255, 127, 0)');
```
The `div` element with class `cyan` should have a `background-color` of cyan.
```js
assert($('.cyan').css('background-color') == 'rgb(0, 255, 255)');
```
The `div` element with class `raspberry` should have a `background-color` of raspberry.
```js
assert($('.raspberry').css('background-color') == 'rgb(255, 0, 127)');
```
All `background-color` values for the color classes should be hex codes and not color names.
```js
assert(!/background-color:\s(orange|cyan|raspberry)/.test(code));
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
body {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
}
.orange {
background-color: #000000;
}
.cyan {
background-color: #000000;
}
.raspberry {
background-color: #000000;
}
div {
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
</style>
<div class="orange"></div>
<div class="cyan"></div>
<div class="raspberry"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
body {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
}
.orange {
background-color: #FF7F00;
}
.cyan {
background-color: #00FFFF;
}
.raspberry {
background-color: #FF007F;
}
div {
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
</style>
<div class="orange"></div>
<div class="cyan"></div>
<div class="raspberry"></div>
```

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---
id: 587d78a9367417b2b2512ae8
title: Learn How Bezier Curves Work
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/c9bDrs8'
forumTopicId: 301058
dashedName: learn-how-bezier-curves-work
---
# --description--
The last challenge introduced the `animation-timing-function` property and a few keywords that change the speed of an animation over its duration. CSS offers an option other than keywords that provides even finer control over how the animation plays out, through the use of Bezier curves.
In CSS animations, Bezier curves are used with the `cubic-bezier` function. The shape of the curve represents how the animation plays out. The curve lives on a 1 by 1 coordinate system. The X-axis of this coordinate system is the duration of the animation (think of it as a time scale), and the Y-axis is the change in the animation.
The `cubic-bezier` function consists of four main points that sit on this 1 by 1 grid: `p0`, `p1`, `p2`, and `p3`. `p0` and `p3` are set for you - they are the beginning and end points which are always located respectively at the origin (0, 0) and (1, 1). You set the x and y values for the other two points, and where you place them in the grid dictates the shape of the curve for the animation to follow. This is done in CSS by declaring the x and y values of the `p1` and `p2` "anchor" points in the form: `(x1, y1, x2, y2)`. Pulling it all together, here's an example of a Bezier curve in CSS code:
```css
animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.25, 0.75, 0.75);
```
In the example above, the x and y values are equivalent for each point (x1 = 0.25 = y1 and x2 = 0.75 = y2), which if you remember from geometry class, results in a line that extends from the origin to point (1, 1). This animation is a linear change of an element during the length of an animation, and is the same as using the `linear` keyword. In other words, it changes at a constant speed.
# --instructions--
For the element with the id of `ball1`, change the value of the `animation-timing-function` property from `linear` to its equivalent `cubic-bezier` function value. Use the point values given in the example above.
# --hints--
The value of the `animation-timing-function` property for the element with the id `ball1` should be the linear-equivalent `cubic-bezier` function.
```js
assert(
$('#ball1').css('animation-timing-function') ==
'cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.25, 0.75, 0.75)'
);
```
The value of the `animation-timing-function` property for the element with the id `ball2` should not change.
```js
const ball2Animation = __helpers.removeWhiteSpace(
$('#ball2').css('animation-timing-function')
);
assert(
ball2Animation == 'ease-out' || ball2Animation == 'cubic-bezier(0,0,0.58,1)'
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
.balls{
border-radius: 50%;
background: linear-gradient(
35deg,
#ccffff,
#ffcccc
);
position: fixed;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
margin-top: 50px;
animation-name: bounce;
animation-duration: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
#ball1 {
left: 27%;
animation-timing-function: linear;
}
#ball2 {
left: 56%;
animation-timing-function: ease-out;
}
@keyframes bounce {
0% {
top: 0px;
}
100% {
top: 249px;
}
}
</style>
<div class="balls" id="ball1"></div>
<div class="balls" id="ball2"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
.balls{
border-radius: 50%;
background: linear-gradient(
35deg,
#ccffff,
#ffcccc
);
position: fixed;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
margin-top: 50px;
animation-name: bounce;
animation-duration: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
#ball1 {
left: 27%;
animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.25, 0.75, 0.75);
}
#ball2 {
left: 56%;
animation-timing-function: ease-out;
}
@keyframes bounce {
0% {
top: 0px;
}
100% {
top: 249px;
}
}
</style>
<div class="balls" id="ball1"></div>
<div class="balls" id="ball2"></div>
```

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---
id: 587d78a7367417b2b2512adf
title: Learn How the CSS @keyframes and animation Properties Work
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cakprhv'
forumTopicId: 301059
dashedName: learn-how-the-css-keyframes-and-animation-properties-work
---
# --description--
To animate an element, you need to know about the animation properties and the `@keyframes` rule. The animation properties control how the animation should behave and the `@keyframes` rule controls what happens during that animation. There are eight animation properties in total. This challenge will keep it simple and cover the two most important ones first:
`animation-name` sets the name of the animation, which is later used by `@keyframes` to tell CSS which rules go with which animations.
`animation-duration` sets the length of time for the animation.
`@keyframes` is how to specify exactly what happens within the animation over the duration. This is done by giving CSS properties for specific "frames" during the animation, with percentages ranging from 0% to 100%. If you compare this to a movie, the CSS properties for 0% is how the element displays in the opening scene. The CSS properties for 100% is how the element appears at the end, right before the credits roll. Then CSS applies the magic to transition the element over the given duration to act out the scene. Here's an example to illustrate the usage of `@keyframes` and the animation properties:
```css
#anim {
animation-name: colorful;
animation-duration: 3s;
}
@keyframes colorful {
0% {
background-color: blue;
}
100% {
background-color: yellow;
}
}
```
For the element with the `anim` id, the code snippet above sets the `animation-name` to `colorful` and sets the `animation-duration` to 3 seconds. Then the `@keyframes` rule links to the animation properties with the name `colorful`. It sets the color to blue at the beginning of the animation (0%) which will transition to yellow by the end of the animation (100%). You aren't limited to only beginning-end transitions, you can set properties for the element for any percentage between 0% and 100%.
# --instructions--
Create an animation for the element with the id `rect`, by setting the `animation-name` to `rainbow` and the `animation-duration` to 4 seconds. Next, declare a `@keyframes` rule, and set the `background-color` at the beginning of the animation (`0%`) to blue, the middle of the animation (`50%`) to green, and the end of the animation (`100%`) to yellow.
# --hints--
The element with id of `rect` should have an `animation-name` property with a value of `rainbow`.
```js
assert($('#rect').css('animation-name') == 'rainbow');
```
The element with id of `rect` should have an `animation-duration` property with a value of 4s.
```js
assert($('#rect').css('animation-duration') == '4s');
```
The `@keyframes` rule should use the `animation-name` of `rainbow`.
```js
assert(code.match(/@keyframes\s+?rainbow\s*?{/g));
```
The `@keyframes` rule for `rainbow` should use a `background-color` of `blue` at 0%.
```js
assert(code.match(/0%\s*?{\s*?background-color:\s*?blue;\s*?}/gi));
```
The `@keyframes` rule for `rainbow` should use a `background-color` of `green` at 50%.
```js
assert(code.match(/50%\s*?{\s*?background-color:\s*?green;\s*?}/gi));
```
The `@keyframes` rule for rainbow should use a `background-color` of `yellow` at 100%.
```js
assert(code.match(/100%\s*?{\s*?background-color:\s*?yellow;\s*?}/gi));
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
div {
height: 40px;
width: 70%;
background: black;
margin: 50px auto;
border-radius: 5px;
}
#rect {
}
</style>
<div id="rect"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
div {
height: 40px;
width: 70%;
background: black;
margin: 50px auto;
border-radius: 5px;
}
#rect {
animation-name: rainbow;
animation-duration: 4s;
}
@keyframes rainbow {
0% {
background-color: blue;
}
50% {
background-color: green;
}
100% {
background-color: yellow;
}
}
</style>
<div id="rect"></div>
```

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---
id: 587d781e367417b2b2512acb
title: Lock an Element to its Parent with Absolute Positioning
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cyLJ7c3'
forumTopicId: 301060
dashedName: lock-an-element-to-its-parent-with-absolute-positioning
---
# --description--
The next option for the CSS `position` property is `absolute`, which locks the element in place relative to its parent container. Unlike the `relative` position, this removes the element from the normal flow of the document, so surrounding items ignore it. The CSS offset properties (top or bottom and left or right) are used to adjust the position.
One nuance with absolute positioning is that it will be locked relative to its closest *positioned* ancestor. If you forget to add a position rule to the parent item, (this is typically done using `position: relative;`), the browser will keep looking up the chain and ultimately default to the `body` tag.
# --instructions--
Lock the `#searchbar` element to the top-right of its `section` parent by declaring its `position` as `absolute`. Give it `top` and `right` offsets of 50 pixels each.
# --hints--
The `#searchbar` element should have a `position` set to `absolute`.
```js
assert($('#searchbar').css('position') == 'absolute');
```
Your code should use the `top` CSS offset of 50 pixels on the `#searchbar` element.
```js
assert($('#searchbar').css('top') == '50px');
```
Your code should use the `right` CSS offset of 50 pixels on the `#searchbar` element.
```js
assert($('#searchbar').css('right') == '50px');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
#searchbar {
}
section {
position: relative;
}
</style>
<body>
<h1>Welcome!</h1>
<section>
<form id="searchbar">
<label for="search">Search:</label>
<input type="search" id="search" name="search">
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Go!">
</form>
</section>
</body>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
#searchbar {
position: absolute;
top: 50px;
right: 50px;
}
section {
position: relative;
}
</style>
<body>
<h1>Welcome!</h1>
<section>
<form id="searchbar">
<label for="search">Search:</label>
<input type="search" id="search" name="search">
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Go!">
</form>
</section>
</body>
```

120
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---
id: 587d781e367417b2b2512acc
title: Lock an Element to the Browser Window with Fixed Positioning
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/c2MDNUR'
forumTopicId: 301061
dashedName: lock-an-element-to-the-browser-window-with-fixed-positioning
---
# --description--
The next layout scheme that CSS offers is the `fixed` position, which is a type of absolute positioning that locks an element relative to the browser window. Similar to absolute positioning, it's used with the CSS offset properties and also removes the element from the normal flow of the document. Other items no longer "realize" where it is positioned, which may require some layout adjustments elsewhere.
One key difference between the `fixed` and `absolute` positions is that an element with a fixed position won't move when the user scrolls.
# --instructions--
The navigation bar in the code is labeled with an id of `navbar`. Change its `position` to `fixed`, and offset it 0 pixels from the `top` and 0 pixels from the `left`. After you have added the code, scroll the preview window to see how the navigation stays in place.
# --hints--
The `#navbar` element should have a `position` set to `fixed`.
```js
assert($('#navbar').css('position') == 'fixed');
```
Your code should use the `top` CSS offset of 0 pixels on the `#navbar` element.
```js
assert($('#navbar').css('top') == '0px');
```
Your code should use the `left` CSS offset of 0 pixels on the `#navbar` element.
```js
assert($('#navbar').css('left') == '0px');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
body {
min-height: 150vh;
}
#navbar {
width: 100%;
background-color: #767676;
}
nav ul {
margin: 0px;
padding: 5px 0px 5px 30px;
}
nav li {
display: inline;
margin-right: 20px;
}
a {
text-decoration: none;
}
</style>
<body>
<header>
<h1>Welcome!</h1>
<nav id="navbar">
<ul>
<li><a href="">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<p>I shift up when the #navbar is fixed to the browser window.</p>
</body>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
body {
min-height: 150vh;
}
#navbar {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
background-color: #767676;
}
nav ul {
margin: 0px;
padding: 5px 0px 5px 30px;
}
nav li {
display: inline;
margin-right: 20px;
}
a {
text-decoration: none;
}
</style>
<body>
<header>
<h1>Welcome!</h1>
<nav id="navbar">
<ul>
<li><a href="">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<p>I shift up when the #navbar is fixed to the browser window.</p>
</body>
```

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---
id: 587d78a8367417b2b2512ae4
title: Make a CSS Heartbeat using an Infinite Animation Count
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cDZpDUr'
forumTopicId: 301062
dashedName: make-a-css-heartbeat-using-an-infinite-animation-count
---
# --description--
Here's one more continuous animation example with the `animation-iteration-count` property that uses the heart you designed in a previous challenge.
The one-second long heartbeat animation consists of two animated pieces. The `heart` elements (including the `:before` and `:after` pieces) are animated to change size using the `transform` property, and the background `div` is animated to change its color using the `background` property.
# --instructions--
Keep the heart beating by adding the `animation-iteration-count` property for both the `back` class and the `heart` class and setting the value to `infinite`. The `heart:before` and `heart:after` selectors do not need any animation properties.
# --hints--
The `animation-iteration-count` property for the `heart` class should have a value of `infinite`.
```js
assert($('.heart').css('animation-iteration-count') == 'infinite');
```
The `animation-iteration-count` property for the `back` class should have a value of `infinite`.
```js
assert($('.back').css('animation-iteration-count') == 'infinite');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
.back {
position: fixed;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background: white;
animation-name: backdiv;
animation-duration: 1s;
}
.heart {
position: absolute;
margin: auto;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
background-color: pink;
height: 50px;
width: 50px;
transform: rotate(-45deg);
animation-name: beat;
animation-duration: 1s;
}
.heart:after {
background-color: pink;
content: "";
border-radius: 50%;
position: absolute;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
top: 0px;
left: 25px;
}
.heart:before {
background-color: pink;
content: "";
border-radius: 50%;
position: absolute;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
top: -25px;
left: 0px;
}
@keyframes backdiv {
50% {
background: #ffe6f2;
}
}
@keyframes beat {
0% {
transform: scale(1) rotate(-45deg);
}
50% {
transform: scale(0.6) rotate(-45deg);
}
}
</style>
<div class="back"></div>
<div class="heart"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
.back {
position: fixed;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background: white;
animation-name: backdiv;
animation-duration: 1s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
.heart {
position: absolute;
margin: auto;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
background-color: pink;
height: 50px;
width: 50px;
transform: rotate(-45deg);
animation-name: beat;
animation-duration: 1s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
.heart:after {
background-color: pink;
content: "";
border-radius: 50%;
position: absolute;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
top: 0px;
left: 25px;
}
.heart:before {
background-color: pink;
content: "";
border-radius: 50%;
position: absolute;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
top: -25px;
left: 0px;
}
@keyframes backdiv {
50% {
background: #ffe6f2;
}
}
@keyframes beat {
0% {
transform: scale(1) rotate(-45deg);
}
50% {
transform: scale(0.6) rotate(-45deg);
}
}
</style>
<div class="back"></div>
<div class="heart"></div>
```

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---
id: 587d78a9367417b2b2512aea
title: Make Motion More Natural Using a Bezier Curve
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/c7akWUv'
forumTopicId: 301063
dashedName: make-motion-more-natural-using-a-bezier-curve
---
# --description--
This challenge animates an element to replicate the movement of a ball being juggled. Prior challenges covered the `linear` and `ease-out` cubic Bezier curves, however neither depicts the juggling movement accurately. You need to customize a Bezier curve for this.
The `animation-timing-function` automatically loops at every keyframe when the `animation-iteration-count` is set to infinite. Since there is a keyframe rule set in the middle of the animation duration (at `50%`), it results in two identical animation progressions at the upward and downward movement of the ball.
The following cubic Bezier curve simulates a juggling movement:
```css
cubic-bezier(0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1.6);
```
Notice that the value of y2 is larger than 1. Although the cubic Bezier curve is mapped on a 1 by 1 coordinate system, and it can only accept x values from 0 to 1, the y value can be set to numbers larger than one. This results in a bouncing movement that is ideal for simulating the juggling ball.
# --instructions--
Change value of the `animation-timing-function` of the element with the id of `green` to a `cubic-bezier` function with x1, y1, x2, y2 values set respectively to 0.311, 0.441, 0.444, 1.649.
# --hints--
The value of the `animation-timing-function` property for the element with the id `green` should be a `cubic-bezier` function with x1, y1, x2, y2 values as specified.
```js
assert(
$('#green').css('animation-timing-function') ==
'cubic-bezier(0.311, 0.441, 0.444, 1.649)'
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
.balls {
border-radius: 50%;
position: fixed;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
top: 60%;
animation-name: jump;
animation-duration: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
#red {
background: red;
left: 25%;
animation-timing-function: linear;
}
#blue {
background: blue;
left: 50%;
animation-timing-function: ease-out;
}
#green {
background: green;
left: 75%;
animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.69, 0.1, 1, 0.1);
}
@keyframes jump {
50% {
top: 10%;
}
}
</style>
<div class="balls" id="red"></div>
<div class="balls" id="blue"></div>
<div class="balls" id="green"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
.balls {
border-radius: 50%;
position: fixed;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
top: 60%;
animation-name: jump;
animation-duration: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
#red {
background: red;
left: 25%;
animation-timing-function: linear;
}
#blue {
background: blue;
left: 50%;
animation-timing-function: ease-out;
}
#green {
background: green;
left: 75%;
animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.311, 0.441, 0.444, 1.649);
}
@keyframes jump {
50% {
top: 10%;
}
}
</style>
<div class="balls" id="red"></div>
<div class="balls" id="blue"></div>
<div class="balls" id="green"></div>
```

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---
id: 58a7a6ebf9a6318348e2d5aa
title: Modify Fill Mode of an Animation
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cVJDmcE'
forumTopicId: 301064
dashedName: modify-fill-mode-of-an-animation
---
# --description--
That's great, but it doesn't work right yet. Notice how the animation resets after `500ms` has passed, causing the button to revert back to the original color. You want the button to stay highlighted.
This can be done by setting the `animation-fill-mode` property to `forwards`. The `animation-fill-mode` specifies the style applied to an element when the animation has finished. You can set it like so:
```css
animation-fill-mode: forwards;
```
# --instructions--
Set the `animation-fill-mode` property of `button:hover` to `forwards` so the button stays highlighted when a user hovers over it.
# --hints--
`button:hover` should have a `animation-fill-mode` property with a value of `forwards`.
```js
assert(
code.match(
/button\s*?:\s*?hover\s*?{[\s\S]*animation-fill-mode\s*?:\s*?forwards\s*?;[\s\S]*}/gi
) &&
code.match(
/button\s*?:\s*?hover\s*?{[\s\S]*animation-name\s*?:\s*?background-color\s*?;[\s\S]*}/gi
) &&
code.match(
/button\s*?:\s*?hover\s*?{[\s\S]*animation-duration\s*?:\s*?500ms\s*?;[\s\S]*}/gi
)
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
button {
border-radius: 5px;
color: white;
background-color: #0F5897;
padding: 5px 10px 8px 10px;
}
button:hover {
animation-name: background-color;
animation-duration: 500ms;
/* Only change code below this line */
/* Only change code above this line */
}
@keyframes background-color {
100% {
background-color: #4791d0;
}
}
</style>
<button>Register</button>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
button {
border-radius: 5px;
color: white;
background-color: #0F5897;
padding: 5px 10px 8px 10px;
}
button:hover {
animation-name: background-color;
animation-duration: 500ms;
animation-fill-mode: forwards;
}
@keyframes background-color {
100% {
background-color: #4791d0;
}
}
</style>
<button>Register</button>
```

72
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---
id: 587d781e367417b2b2512aca
title: Move a Relatively Positioned Element with CSS Offsets
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/c9bQEA4'
forumTopicId: 301065
dashedName: move-a-relatively-positioned-element-with-css-offsets
---
# --description--
The CSS offsets of `top` or `bottom`, and `left` or `right` tell the browser how far to offset an item relative to where it would sit in the normal flow of the document. You're offsetting an element away from a given spot, which moves the element away from the referenced side (effectively, the opposite direction). As you saw in the last challenge, using the `top` offset moved the `h2` downwards. Likewise, using a `left` offset moves an item to the right.
<img src='https://cdn-media-1.freecodecamp.org/imgr/eWWi3gZ.gif' alt=''>
# --instructions--
Use CSS offsets to move the `h2` 15 pixels to the right and 10 pixels up.
# --hints--
Your code should use a CSS offset to relatively position the `h2` 10px upwards. In other words, move it 10px away from the `bottom` of where it normally sits.
```js
assert($('h2').css('bottom') == '10px');
```
Your code should use a CSS offset to relatively position the `h2` 15px towards the right. In other words, move it 15px away from the `left` of where it normally sits.
```js
assert($('h2').css('left') == '15px');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<head>
<style>
h2 {
position: relative;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>On Being Well-Positioned</h1>
<h2>Move me!</h2>
<p>I still think the h2 is where it normally sits.</p>
</body>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<head>
<style>
h2 {
position: relative;
left: 15px;
bottom: 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>On Being Well-Positioned</h1>
<h2>Move me!</h2>
<p>I still think the h2 is where it normally sits.</p>
</body>
```

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---
id: 587d78a3367417b2b2512ace
title: Push Elements Left or Right with the float Property
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/c2MDqu2'
forumTopicId: 301066
dashedName: push-elements-left-or-right-with-the-float-property
---
# --description--
The next positioning tool does not actually use `position`, but sets the `float` property of an element. Floating elements are removed from the normal flow of a document and pushed to either the `left` or `right` of their containing parent element. It's commonly used with the `width` property to specify how much horizontal space the floated element requires.
# --instructions--
The given markup would work well as a two-column layout, with the `section` and `aside` elements next to each other. Give the `#left` item a `float` of `left` and the `#right` item a `float` of `right`.
# --hints--
The element with id `left` should have a `float` value of `left`.
```js
assert($('#left').css('float') == 'left');
```
The element with id `right` should have a `float` value of `right`.
```js
assert($('#right').css('float') == 'right');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<head>
<style>
#left {
width: 50%;
}
#right {
width: 40%;
}
aside, section {
padding: 2px;
background-color: #ccc;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>Welcome!</h1>
</header>
<section id="left">
<h2>Content</h2>
<p>Good stuff</p>
</section>
<aside id="right">
<h2>Sidebar</h2>
<p>Links</p>
</aside>
</body>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<head>
<style>
#left {
float: left;
width: 50%;
}
#right {
float: right;
width: 40%;
}
aside, section {
padding: 2px;
background-color: #ccc;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>Welcome!</h1>
</header>
<section id="left">
<h2>Content</h2>
<p>Good stuff</p>
</section>
<aside id="right">
<h2>Sidebar</h2>
<p>Links</p>
</aside>
</body>
```

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---
id: 587d781c367417b2b2512ac2
title: Set the font-size for Multiple Heading Elements
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cPpQNT3'
forumTopicId: 301067
dashedName: set-the-font-size-for-multiple-heading-elements
---
# --description--
The `font-size` property is used to specify how large the text is in a given element. This rule can be used for multiple elements to create visual consistency of text on a page. In this challenge, you'll set the values for all `h1` through `h6` tags to balance the heading sizes.
# --instructions--
<p>In the <code>style</code> tags, set the <code>font-size</code> of the:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>h1</code> tag to 68px.</li>
<li><code>h2</code> tag to 52px.</li>
<li><code>h3</code> tag to 40px.</li>
<li><code>h4</code> tag to 32px.</li>
<li><code>h5</code> tag to 21px.</li>
<li><code>h6</code> tag to 14px.</li>
</ul>
# --hints--
Your code should set the `font-size` property for the `h1` tag to 68 pixels.
```js
assert($('h1').css('font-size') == '68px');
```
Your code should set the `font-size` property for the `h2` tag to 52 pixels.
```js
assert($('h2').css('font-size') == '52px');
```
Your code should set the `font-size` property for the `h3` tag to 40 pixels.
```js
assert($('h3').css('font-size') == '40px');
```
Your code should set the `font-size` property for the `h4` tag to 32 pixels.
```js
assert($('h4').css('font-size') == '32px');
```
Your code should set the `font-size` property for the `h5` tag to 21 pixels.
```js
assert($('h5').css('font-size') == '21px');
```
Your code should set the `font-size` property for the `h6` tag to 14 pixels.
```js
const regex = /h6\s*\{\s*font-size\s*:\s*14px\s*(;\s*\}|\})/i;
assert.strictEqual(true, regex.test(code));
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
</style>
<h1>This is h1 text</h1>
<h2>This is h2 text</h2>
<h3>This is h3 text</h3>
<h4>This is h4 text</h4>
<h5>This is h5 text</h5>
<h6>This is h6 text</h6>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
h1 {
font-size: 68px;
}
h2 {
font-size: 52px;
}
h3 {
font-size: 40px;
}
h4 {
font-size: 32px;
}
h5 {
font-size: 21px;
}
h6 {
font-size: 14px;
}
</style>
<h1>This is h1 text</h1>
<h2>This is h2 text</h2>
<h3>This is h3 text</h3>
<h4>This is h4 text</h4>
<h5>This is h5 text</h5>
<h6>This is h6 text</h6>
```

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---
id: 587d781c367417b2b2512ac4
title: Set the font-size of Paragraph Text
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cVJ36Cr'
forumTopicId: 301068
dashedName: set-the-font-size-of-paragraph-text
---
# --description--
The `font-size` property in CSS is not limited to headings, it can be applied to any element containing text.
# --instructions--
Change the value of the `font-size` property for the paragraph to 16px to make it more visible.
# --hints--
Your `p` tag should have a `font-size` of 16 pixels.
```js
assert($('p').css('font-size') == '16px');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
p {
font-size: 10px;
}
</style>
<p>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.
</p>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
p {
font-size: 16px;
}
</style>
<p>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.
</p>
```

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---
id: 587d781c367417b2b2512ac3
title: Set the font-weight for Multiple Heading Elements
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/crVWRHq'
forumTopicId: 301069
dashedName: set-the-font-weight-for-multiple-heading-elements
---
# --description--
You set the `font-size` of each heading tag in the last challenge, here you'll adjust the `font-weight`.
The `font-weight` property sets how thick or thin characters are in a section of text.
# --instructions--
<ul><li>Set the <code>font-weight</code> of the <code>h1</code> tag to 800.</li><li>Set the <code>font-weight</code> of the <code>h2</code> tag to 600.</li><li>Set the <code>font-weight</code> of the <code>h3</code> tag to 500.</li><li>Set the <code>font-weight</code> of the <code>h4</code> tag to 400.</li><li>Set the <code>font-weight</code> of the <code>h5</code> tag to 300.</li><li>Set the <code>font-weight</code> of the <code>h6</code> tag to 200.</li></ul>
# --hints--
Your code should set the `font-weight` property for the `h1` tag to 800.
```js
assert($('h1').css('font-weight') == '800');
```
Your code should set the `font-weight` property for the `h2` tag to 600.
```js
assert($('h2').css('font-weight') == '600');
```
Your code should set the `font-weight` property for the `h3` tag to 500.
```js
assert($('h3').css('font-weight') == '500');
```
Your code should set the `font-weight` property for the `h4` tag to 400.
```js
assert($('h4').css('font-weight') == '400');
```
Your code should set the `font-weight` property for the `h5` tag to 300.
```js
assert($('h5').css('font-weight') == '300');
```
Your code should set the `font-weight` property for the `h6` tag to 200.
```js
assert($('h6').css('font-weight') == '200');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
h1 {
font-size: 68px;
}
h2 {
font-size: 52px;
}
h3 {
font-size: 40px;
}
h4 {
font-size: 32px;
}
h5 {
font-size: 21px;
}
h6 {
font-size: 14px;
}
</style>
<h1>This is h1 text</h1>
<h2>This is h2 text</h2>
<h3>This is h3 text</h3>
<h4>This is h4 text</h4>
<h5>This is h5 text</h5>
<h6>This is h6 text</h6>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
h1 {
font-size: 68px;
font-weight: 800;
}
h2 {
font-size: 52px;
font-weight: 600;
}
h3 {
font-size: 40px;
font-weight: 500;
}
h4 {
font-size: 32px;
font-weight: 400;
}
h5 {
font-size: 21px;
font-weight: 300;
}
h6 {
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: 200;
}
</style>
<h1>This is h1 text</h1>
<h2>This is h2 text</h2>
<h3>This is h3 text</h3>
<h4>This is h4 text</h4>
<h5>This is h5 text</h5>
<h6>This is h6 text</h6>
```

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---
id: 587d781d367417b2b2512ac5
title: Set the line-height of Paragraphs
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/crVWdcv'
forumTopicId: 301070
dashedName: set-the-line-height-of-paragraphs
---
# --description--
CSS offers the `line-height` property to change the height of each line in a block of text. As the name suggests, it changes the amount of vertical space that each line of text gets.
# --instructions--
Add a `line-height` property to the `p` tag and set it to 25px.
# --hints--
Your code should set the `line-height` of the `p` tag to 25 pixels.
```js
assert($('p').css('line-height') == '25px');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
p {
font-size: 16px;
}
</style>
<p>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.
</p>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
p {
font-size: 16px;
line-height: 25px;
}
</style>
<p>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.
</p>
```

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---
id: 587d78a9367417b2b2512ae9
title: Use a Bezier Curve to Move a Graphic
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/c6bnRCK'
forumTopicId: 301071
dashedName: use-a-bezier-curve-to-move-a-graphic
---
# --description--
A previous challenge discussed the `ease-out` keyword that describes an animation change that speeds up first and then slows down at the end of the animation. On the right, the difference between the `ease-out` keyword (for the blue element) and `linear` keyword (for the red element) is demonstrated. Similar animation progressions to the `ease-out` keyword can be achieved by using a custom cubic Bezier curve function.
In general, changing the `p1` and `p2` anchor points drives the creation of different Bezier curves, which controls how the animation progresses through time. Here's an example of a Bezier curve using values to mimic the ease-out style:
```css
animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.58, 1);
```
Remember that all `cubic-bezier` functions start with `p0` at (0, 0) and end with `p3` at (1, 1). In this example, the curve moves faster through the Y-axis (starts at 0, goes to `p1` y value of 0, then goes to `p2` y value of 1) than it moves through the X-axis (0 to start, then 0 for `p1`, up to 0.58 for `p2`). As a result, the change in the animated element progresses faster than the time of the animation for that segment. Towards the end of the curve, the relationship between the change in x and y values reverses - the y value moves from 1 to 1 (no change), and the x values move from 0.58 to 1, making the animation changes progress slower compared to the animation duration.
# --instructions--
To see the effect of this Bezier curve in action, change the `animation-timing-function` of the element with id of `red` to a `cubic-bezier` function with x1, y1, x2, y2 values set respectively to 0, 0, 0.58, 1. This will make both elements progress through the animation similarly.
# --hints--
The value of the `animation-timing-function` property of the element with the id `red` should be a `cubic-bezier` function with x1, y1, x2, y2 values set respectively to 0, 0, 0.58, 1 .
```js
assert(
$('#red').css('animation-timing-function') == 'cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.58, 1)'
);
```
The element with the id `red` should no longer have the `animation-timing-function` property of `linear`.
```js
assert($('#red').css('animation-timing-function') !== 'linear');
```
The value of the `animation-timing-function` property for the element with the id `blue` should not change.
```js
const blueBallAnimation = __helpers.removeWhiteSpace(
$('#blue').css('animation-timing-function')
);
assert(
blueBallAnimation == 'ease-out' ||
blueBallAnimation == 'cubic-bezier(0,0,0.58,1)'
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
.balls{
border-radius: 50%;
position: fixed;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
margin-top: 50px;
animation-name: bounce;
animation-duration: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
#red {
background: red;
left: 27%;
animation-timing-function: linear;
}
#blue {
background: blue;
left: 56%;
animation-timing-function: ease-out;
}
@keyframes bounce {
0% {
top: 0px;
}
100% {
top: 249px;
}
}
</style>
<div class="balls" id= "red"></div>
<div class="balls" id= "blue"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
.balls{
border-radius: 50%;
position: fixed;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
margin-top: 50px;
animation-name: bounce;
animation-duration: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
#red {
background: red;
left: 27%;
animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.58, 1);
}
#blue {
background: blue;
left: 56%;
animation-timing-function: ease-out;
}
@keyframes bounce {
0% {
top: 0px;
}
100% {
top: 249px;
}
}
</style>
<div class="balls" id= "red"></div>
<div class="balls" id= "blue"></div>
```

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---
id: 587d78a5367417b2b2512ad7
title: Use a CSS Linear Gradient to Create a Striped Element
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/c6bmQh2'
forumTopicId: 301072
dashedName: use-a-css-linear-gradient-to-create-a-striped-element
---
# --description--
The `repeating-linear-gradient()` function is very similar to `linear-gradient()` with the major difference that it repeats the specified gradient pattern. `repeating-linear-gradient()` accepts a variety of values, but for simplicity, you'll work with an angle value and color stop values in this challenge.
The angle value is the direction of the gradient. Color stops are like width values that mark where a transition takes place, and are given with a percentage or a number of pixels.
In the example demonstrated in the code editor, the gradient starts with the color `yellow` at 0 pixels which blends into the second color `blue` at 40 pixels away from the start. Since the next color stop is also at 40 pixels, the gradient immediately changes to the third color `green`, which itself blends into the fourth color value `red` as that is 80 pixels away from the beginning of the gradient.
For this example, it helps to think about the color stops as pairs where every two colors blend together.
```css
0px [yellow -- blend -- blue] 40px [green -- blend -- red] 80px
```
If every two color stop values are the same color, the blending isn't noticeable because it's between the same color, followed by a hard transition to the next color, so you end up with stripes.
# --instructions--
Make stripes by changing the `repeating-linear-gradient()` to use a gradient angle of `45deg`, then set the first two color stops to `yellow`, and finally the second two color stops to `black`.
# --hints--
The angle of the `repeating-linear-gradient()` should be 45deg.
```js
assert(code.match(/background:\s*?repeating-linear-gradient\(\s*?45deg/gi));
```
The angle of the `repeating-linear-gradient()` should no longer be 90deg
```js
assert(!code.match(/90deg/gi));
```
The color stop at 0 pixels should be `yellow`.
```js
assert(code.match(/yellow\s+?0(px)?/gi));
```
One color stop at 40 pixels should be `yellow`.
```js
assert(code.match(/yellow\s+?40px/gi));
```
The second color stop at 40 pixels should be `black`.
```js
assert(code.match(/yellow\s+?40px,\s*?black\s+?40px/gi));
```
The last color stop at 80 pixels should be `black`.
```js
assert(code.match(/black\s+?80px/gi));
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
div{
border-radius: 20px;
width: 70%;
height: 400px;
margin: 50 auto;
background: repeating-linear-gradient(
90deg,
yellow 0px,
blue 40px,
green 40px,
red 80px
);
}
</style>
<div></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
div{
border-radius: 20px;
width: 70%;
height: 400px;
margin: 50 auto;
background: repeating-linear-gradient(
45deg,
yellow 0px,
yellow 40px,
black 40px,
black 80px
);
}
</style>
<div></div>
```

100
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---
id: 587d78a7367417b2b2512ae0
title: Use CSS Animation to Change the Hover State of a Button
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cg4vZAa'
forumTopicId: 301073
dashedName: use-css-animation-to-change-the-hover-state-of-a-button
---
# --description--
You can use CSS `@keyframes` to change the color of a button in its hover state.
Here's an example of changing the width of an image on hover:
```html
<style>
img:hover {
animation-name: width;
animation-duration: 500ms;
}
@keyframes width {
100% {
width: 40px;
}
}
</style>
<img src="https://bit.ly/smallgooglelogo" alt="Google's Logo" />
```
# --instructions--
Note that `ms` stands for milliseconds, where 1000ms is equal to 1s.
Use CSS `@keyframes` to change the `background-color` of the `button` element so it becomes `#4791d0` when a user hovers over it. The `@keyframes` rule should only have an entry for `100%`.
# --hints--
The @keyframes rule should use the `animation-name` background-color.
```js
assert(code.match(/@keyframes\s+?background-color\s*?{/g));
```
There should be one rule under `@keyframes` that changes the `background-color` to `#4791d0` at 100%.
```js
assert(code.match(/100%\s*?{\s*?background-color:\s*?#4791d0;\s*?}/gi));
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
button {
border-radius: 5px;
color: white;
background-color: #0F5897;
padding: 5px 10px 8px 10px;
}
button:hover {
animation-name: background-color;
animation-duration: 500ms;
}
</style>
<button>Register</button>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
button {
border-radius: 5px;
color: white;
background-color: #0F5897;
padding: 5px 10px 8px 10px;
}
button:hover {
animation-name: background-color;
animation-duration: 500ms;
}
@keyframes background-color {
100% {
background-color: #4791d0;
}
}
</style>
<button>Register</button>
```

77
curriculum/challenges/portuguese/01-responsive-web-design/applied-visual-design/use-the-css-transform-property-skewx-to-skew-an-element-along-the-x-axis.md Normal file
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---
id: 587d78a6367417b2b2512adb
title: Use the CSS Transform Property skewX to Skew an Element Along the X-Axis
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cyLP8Sr'
forumTopicId: 301074
dashedName: use-the-css-transform-property-skewx-to-skew-an-element-along-the-x-axis
---
# --description--
The next function of the `transform` property is `skewX()`, which skews the selected element along its X (horizontal) axis by a given degree.
The following code skews the paragraph element by -32 degrees along the X-axis.
```css
p {
transform: skewX(-32deg);
}
```
# --instructions--
Skew the element with the id of `bottom` by 24 degrees along the X-axis by using the `transform` property.
# --hints--
The element with id `bottom` should be skewed by 24 degrees along its X-axis.
```js
assert(code.match(/#bottom\s*?{\s*?.*?\s*?transform:\s*?skewX\(24deg\);/g));
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
div {
width: 70%;
height: 100px;
margin: 50px auto;
}
#top {
background-color: red;
}
#bottom {
background-color: blue;
}
</style>
<div id="top"></div>
<div id="bottom"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
div {
width: 70%;
height: 100px;
margin: 50px auto;
}
#top {
background-color: red;
}
#bottom {
background-color: blue;
transform: skewX(24deg);
}
</style>
<div id="top"></div>
<div id="bottom"></div>
```

71
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---
id: 587d78a6367417b2b2512adc
title: Use the CSS Transform Property skewY to Skew an Element Along the Y-Axis
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/c2MZ2uB'
forumTopicId: 301075
dashedName: use-the-css-transform-property-skewy-to-skew-an-element-along-the-y-axis
---
# --description--
Given that the `skewX()` function skews the selected element along the X-axis by a given degree, it is no surprise that the `skewY()` property skews an element along the Y (vertical) axis.
# --instructions--
Skew the element with the id of `top` -10 degrees along the Y-axis by using the `transform` property.
# --hints--
The element with id `top` should be skewed by -10 degrees along its Y-axis.
```js
assert(code.match(/#top\s*?{\s*?.*?\s*?transform:\s*?skewY\(-10deg\);/g));
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
div {
width: 70%;
height: 100px;
margin: 50px auto;
}
#top {
background-color: red;
}
#bottom {
background-color: blue;
transform: skewX(24deg);
}
</style>
<div id="top"></div>
<div id="bottom"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
div {
width: 70%;
height: 100px;
margin: 50px auto;
}
#top {
background-color: red;
transform: skewY(-10deg);
}
#bottom {
background-color: blue;
transform: skewX(24deg);
}
</style>
<div id="top"></div>
<div id="bottom"></div>
```

95
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---
id: 587d78a5367417b2b2512ad9
title: Use the CSS Transform scale Property to Change the Size of an Element
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/c2MZVSg'
forumTopicId: 301076
dashedName: use-the-css-transform-scale-property-to-change-the-size-of-an-element
---
# --description--
To change the scale of an element, CSS has the `transform` property, along with its `scale()` function. The following code example doubles the size of all the paragraph elements on the page:
```css
p {
transform: scale(2);
}
```
# --instructions--
Increase the size of the element with the id of `ball2` to 1.5 times its original size.
# --hints--
The `transform` property for `#ball2` should be set to scale it to 1.5 times its size.
```js
assert(
code.match(
/#ball2\s*?{\s*?left:\s*?65%;\s*?transform:\s*?scale\(1\.5\);\s*?}|#ball2\s*?{\s*?transform:\s*?scale\(1\.5\);\s*?left:\s*?65%;\s*?}/gi
)
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
.ball {
width: 40px;
height: 40px;
margin: 50 auto;
position: fixed;
background: linear-gradient(
35deg,
#ccffff,
#ffcccc
);
border-radius: 50%;
}
#ball1 {
left: 20%;
}
#ball2 {
left: 65%;
}
</style>
<div class="ball" id= "ball1"></div>
<div class="ball" id= "ball2"></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
.ball {
width: 40px;
height: 40px;
margin: 50 auto;
position: fixed;
background: linear-gradient(
35deg,
#ccffff,
#ffcccc
);
border-radius: 50%;
}
#ball1 {
left: 20%;
}
#ball2 {
left: 65%;
transform: scale(1.5);
}
</style>
<div class="ball" id= "ball1"></div>
<div class="ball" id= "ball2"></div>
```

79
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---
id: 587d78a5367417b2b2512ada
title: Use the CSS Transform scale Property to Scale an Element on Hover
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cyLPJuM'
forumTopicId: 301077
dashedName: use-the-css-transform-scale-property-to-scale-an-element-on-hover
---
# --description--
The `transform` property has a variety of functions that let you scale, move, rotate, skew, etc., your elements. When used with pseudo-classes such as `:hover` that specify a certain state of an element, the `transform` property can easily add interactivity to your elements.
Here's an example to scale the paragraph elements to 2.1 times their original size when a user hovers over them:
```css
p:hover {
transform: scale(2.1);
}
```
**Note:** Applying a transform to a `div` element will also affect any child elements contained in the div.
# --instructions--
Add a CSS rule for the `hover` state of the `div` and use the `transform` property to scale the `div` element to 1.1 times its original size when a user hovers over it.
# --hints--
The size of the `div` element should scale 1.1 times when the user hovers over it.
```js
assert(code.match(/div:hover\s*?{\s*?transform:\s*?scale\(1\.1\);/gi));
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
div {
width: 70%;
height: 100px;
margin: 50px auto;
background: linear-gradient(
53deg,
#ccfffc,
#ffcccf
);
}
</style>
<div></div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
div {
width: 70%;
height: 100px;
margin: 50px auto;
background: linear-gradient(
53deg,
#ccfffc,
#ffcccf
);
}
div:hover {
transform: scale(1.1);
}
</style>
<div></div>
```

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---
id: 587d781a367417b2b2512ab9
title: Use the em Tag to Italicize Text
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cVJRBtp'
forumTopicId: 301078
dashedName: use-the-em-tag-to-italicize-text
---
# --description--
To emphasize text, you can use the `em` tag. This displays text as italicized, as the browser applies the CSS of `font-style: italic;` to the element.
# --instructions--
Wrap an `em` tag around the contents of the paragraph tag to give it emphasis.
# --hints--
Your code should add an `em` tag to the markup.
```js
assert($('em').length == 1);
```
The `em` tag should wrap around the contents of the `p` tag but not the `p` tag itself.
```js
assert($('p').children().length == 1 && $('em').children().length == 2);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
height: 25px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Google</h4>
<p>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were <u>Ph.D. students</u> at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
height: 25px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Google</h4>
<p><em>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were <u>Ph.D. students</u> at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```

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---
id: 587d781b367417b2b2512aba
title: Use the s Tag to Strikethrough Text
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: ''
forumTopicId: 301079
dashedName: use-the-s-tag-to-strikethrough-text
---
# --description--
To strikethrough text, which is when a horizontal line cuts across the characters, you can use the `s` tag. It shows that a section of text is no longer valid. With the `s` tag, the browser applies the CSS of `text-decoration: line-through;` to the element.
# --instructions--
Wrap the `s` tag around `Google` inside the `h4` tag and then add the word `Alphabet` beside it, which should not have the strikethrough formatting.
# --hints--
Your code should add one `s` tag to the markup.
```js
assert($('s').length == 1);
```
A `s` tag should wrap around the `Google` text in the `h4` tag. It should not contain the word `Alphabet`.
```js
assert(
$('h4 > s')
.text()
.match(/Google/gi) &&
!$('h4 > s')
.text()
.match(/Alphabet/gi)
);
```
You should include the word `Alphabet` in the `h4` tag, without strikethrough formatting.
```js
assert(
$('h4')
.html()
.match(/Alphabet/gi)
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
height: 25px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Google</h4>
<p><em>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were <u>Ph.D. students</u> at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
height: 25px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4><s>Google</s> Alphabet</h4>
<p><em>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were <u>Ph.D. students</u> at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```

128
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---
id: 587d781a367417b2b2512ab7
title: Use the strong Tag to Make Text Bold
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/ceJNBSb'
forumTopicId: 301080
dashedName: use-the-strong-tag-to-make-text-bold
---
# --description--
To make text bold, you can use the `strong` tag. This is often used to draw attention to text and symbolize that it is important. With the `strong` tag, the browser applies the CSS of `font-weight: bold;` to the element.
# --instructions--
Wrap a `strong` tag around `Stanford University` text inside the `p` tag (do not include the period).
# --hints--
Your code should add one `strong` tag to the markup.
```js
assert($('strong').length == 1);
```
The `strong` tag should be inside the `p` tag.
```js
assert($('p').children('strong').length == 1);
```
The `strong` tag should wrap around the words `Stanford University`.
```js
assert(
$('strong')
.text()
.match(/^Stanford University\.?$/gi)
);
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
height: 25px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Google</h4>
<p>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University.</p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
height: 25px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Google</h4>
<p>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```

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---
id: 587d781c367417b2b2512ac0
title: Use the text-transform Property to Make Text Uppercase
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cvVZQSP'
forumTopicId: 301081
dashedName: use-the-text-transform-property-to-make-text-uppercase
---
# --description--
The `text-transform` property in CSS is used to change the appearance of text. It's a convenient way to make sure text on a webpage appears consistently, without having to change the text content of the actual HTML elements.
The following table shows how the different `text-transform`values change the example text "Transform me".
<table class='table table-striped'><thead><tr><th>Value</th><th>Result</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>lowercase</code></td><td>"transform me"</td></tr><tr><td><code>uppercase</code></td><td>"TRANSFORM ME"</td></tr><tr><td><code>capitalize</code></td><td>"Transform Me"</td></tr><tr><td><code>initial</code></td><td>Use the default value</td></tr><tr><td><code>inherit</code></td><td>Use the <code>text-transform</code> value from the parent element</td></tr><tr><td><code>none</code></td><td><strong>Default:</strong> Use the original text</td></tr></tbody></table>
# --instructions--
Transform the text of the `h4` to be uppercase using the `text-transform` property.
# --hints--
The `h4` text should be `uppercase`.
```js
assert($('h4').css('text-transform') === 'uppercase');
```
The original text of the h4 should not be changed.
```js
assert($('h4').text() !== $('h4').text().toUpperCase());
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
background-color: rgba(45, 45, 45, 0.1);
padding: 10px;
font-size: 27px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
opacity: 0.7;
}
#thumbnail {
box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.23);
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard" id="thumbnail">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Alphabet</h4>
<hr>
<p><em>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were <u>Ph.D. students</u> at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
background-color: rgba(45, 45, 45, 0.1);
padding: 10px;
font-size: 27px;
text-transform: uppercase;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
opacity: 0.7;
}
#thumbnail {
box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.23);
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard" id="thumbnail">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Alphabet</h4>
<hr>
<p><em>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were <u>Ph.D. students</u> at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```

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curriculum/challenges/portuguese/01-responsive-web-design/applied-visual-design/use-the-u-tag-to-underline-text.md Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
---
id: 587d781a367417b2b2512ab8
title: Use the u Tag to Underline Text
challengeType: 0
videoUrl: 'https://scrimba.com/c/cN6aQCL'
forumTopicId: 301082
dashedName: use-the-u-tag-to-underline-text
---
# --description--
To underline text, you can use the `u` tag. This is often used to signify that a section of text is important, or something to remember. With the `u` tag, the browser applies the CSS of `text-decoration: underline;` to the element.
# --instructions--
Wrap the `u` tag only around the text `Ph.D. students`.
**Note:** Try to avoid using the `u` tag when it could be confused for a link. Anchor tags also have a default underlined formatting.
# --hints--
Your code should add a `u` tag to the markup.
```js
assert($('u').length === 1);
```
The `u` tag should wrap around the text `Ph.D. students`.
```js
assert($('u').text() === 'Ph.D. students');
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
height: 25px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Google</h4>
<p>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```
# --solutions--
```html
<style>
h4 {
text-align: center;
height: 25px;
}
p {
text-align: justify;
}
.links {
text-align: left;
color: black;
}
.fullCard {
width: 245px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 10px 5px;
padding: 4px;
}
.cardContent {
padding: 10px;
}
.cardText {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class="fullCard">
<div class="cardContent">
<div class="cardText">
<h4>Google</h4>
<p>Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were <u>Ph.D. students</u> at <strong>Stanford University</strong>.</p>
</div>
<div class="cardLinks">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Page" target="_blank" class="links">Larry Page</a><br><br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin" target="_blank" class="links">Sergey Brin</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```