--- id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036180 title: Optimize Re-Renders with shouldComponentUpdate challengeType: 6 forumTopicId: 301398 localeTitle: 使用 shouldComponentUpdate 优化重新渲染 --- ## Description
到目前为止,如果任何组件接收到新的state或新的props,它会重新渲染自己及其所有子组件。这通常是好的。但是 React 提供了一种生命周期方法,当子组件接收到新的stateprops时,你可以调用该方法,并特别声明组件是否应该更新。方法是shouldComponentUpdate(),它将nextPropsnextState作为参数。 这种方法是优化性能的有效方法。例如,默认行为是,当组件接收到新的props时,即使props没有改变,它也会重新渲染。你可以通过使用shouldComponentUpdate()比较props来防止这种情况。该方法必须返回一个布尔值,该值告诉 React 是否更新组件。你可以比较当前的 props(this.props)和下一个 props(nextProps),以确定你是否需要更新,并相应地返回truefalse
## Instructions
shouldComponentUpdate()方法添加到名为OnlyEvens的组件中。目前,该方法返回true,因此每次收到新的props时,OnlyEvens都会重新渲染。修改该方法,以便OnlyEvens仅在其新 props 的value为偶数时更新。单击Add按钮,在触发其他生命周期钩子时,在浏览器控制台中查看事件的顺序。
## Tests
```yml tests: - text: Controller组件应该将OnlyEvens组件渲染为子组件。 testString: assert((() => { const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Controller)); return mockedComponent.find('Controller').length === 1 && mockedComponent.find('OnlyEvens').length === 1; })()); - text: 应该在OnlyEvens组件上定义shouldComponentUpdate方法。 testString: assert((() => { const child = React.createElement(OnlyEvens).type.prototype.shouldComponentUpdate.toString().replace(/s/g,''); return child !== 'undefined'; })()); - text: OnlyEvens组件应该返回一个h1标签,该标签渲染this.props.value的值。 testString: 'async () => { const waitForIt = (fn) => new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => resolve(fn()), 250)); const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Controller)); const first = () => { mockedComponent.setState({ value: 1000 }); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find(''h1'').html()); }; const second = () => { mockedComponent.setState({ value: 10 }); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find(''h1'').html()); }; const firstValue = await first(); const secondValue = await second(); assert(firstValue === ''

1000

'' && secondValue === ''

10

''); }; ' - text: 只有在nextProps.value为偶数时,OnlyEvens才会重新渲染。 testString: 'async () => { const waitForIt = (fn) => new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => resolve(fn()), 250)); const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Controller)); const first = () => { mockedComponent.setState({ value: 8 }); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find(''h1'').text()); }; const second = () => { mockedComponent.setState({ value: 7 }); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find(''h1'').text()); }; const third = () => { mockedComponent.setState({ value: 42 }); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find(''h1'').text()); }; const firstValue = await first(); const secondValue = await second(); const thirdValue = await third(); assert(firstValue === ''8'' && secondValue === ''8'' && thirdValue === ''42''); }; ' ```
## Challenge Seed
```jsx class OnlyEvens extends React.Component { constructor(props) { super(props); } shouldComponentUpdate(nextProps, nextState) { console.log('Should I update?'); // change code below this line return true; // change code above this line } componentDidUpdate() { console.log('Component re-rendered.'); } render() { return

{this.props.value}

} }; class Controller extends React.Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { value: 0 }; this.addValue = this.addValue.bind(this); } addValue() { this.setState({ value: this.state.value + 1 }); } render() { return (
); } }; ```
### After Test
```js ReactDOM.render(, document.getElementById('root')) ```
## Solution
```js class OnlyEvens extends React.Component { constructor(props) { super(props); } shouldComponentUpdate(nextProps, nextState) { console.log('Should I update?'); // change code below this line return nextProps.value % 2 === 0; // change code above this line } componentDidUpdate() { console.log('Component re-rendered.'); } render() { return

{this.props.value}

} }; class Controller extends React.Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { value: 0 }; this.addValue = this.addValue.bind(this); } addValue() { this.setState({ value: this.state.value + 1 }); } render() { return (
); } }; ```