core, eth/downloader: commit block data using batches (#15115)

* ethdb: add Putter interface and Has method

* ethdb: improve docs and add IdealBatchSize

* ethdb: remove memory batch lock

Batches are not safe for concurrent use.

* core: use ethdb.Putter for Write* functions

This covers the easy cases.

* core/state: simplify StateSync

* trie: optimize local node check

* ethdb: add ValueSize to Batch

* core: optimize HasHeader check

This avoids one random database read get the block number. For many uses
of HasHeader, the expectation is that it's actually there. Using Has
avoids a load + decode of the value.

* core: write fast sync block data in batches

Collect writes into batches up to the ideal size instead of issuing many
small, concurrent writes.

* eth/downloader: commit larger state batches

Collect nodes into a batch up to the ideal size instead of committing
whenever a node is received.

* core: optimize HasBlock check

This avoids a random database read to get the number.

* core: use numberCache in HasHeader

numberCache has higher capacity, increasing the odds of finding the
header without a database lookup.

* core: write imported block data using a batch

Restore batch writes of state and add blocks, tx entries, receipts to
the same batch. The change also simplifies the miner.

This commit also removes posting of logs when a forked block is imported.

* core: fix DB write error handling

* ethdb: use RLock for Has

* core: fix HasBlock comment

ethdb/database.go

@@ -109,6 +109,10 @@ func (db *LDBDatabase) Put(key []byte, value []byte) error {
 	return db.db.Put(key, value, nil)
 }
 
+func (db *LDBDatabase) Has(key []byte) (bool, error) {
+	return db.db.Has(key, nil)
+}
+
 // Get returns the given key if it's present.
 func (db *LDBDatabase) Get(key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	// Measure the database get latency, if requested
@@ -271,19 +275,19 @@ func (db *LDBDatabase) meter(refresh time.Duration) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TODO: remove this stuff and expose leveldb directly
-
 func (db *LDBDatabase) NewBatch() Batch {
 	return &ldbBatch{db: db.db, b: new(leveldb.Batch)}
 }
 
 type ldbBatch struct {
-	db *leveldb.DB
-	b  *leveldb.Batch
+	db   *leveldb.DB
+	b    *leveldb.Batch
+	size int
 }
 
 func (b *ldbBatch) Put(key, value []byte) error {
 	b.b.Put(key, value)
+	b.size += len(value)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -291,6 +295,10 @@ func (b *ldbBatch) Write() error {
 	return b.db.Write(b.b, nil)
 }
 
+func (b *ldbBatch) ValueSize() int {
+	return b.size
+}
+
 type table struct {
 	db     Database
 	prefix string
@@ -309,6 +317,10 @@ func (dt *table) Put(key []byte, value []byte) error {
 	return dt.db.Put(append([]byte(dt.prefix), key...), value)
 }
 
+func (dt *table) Has(key []byte) (bool, error) {
+	return dt.db.Has(append([]byte(dt.prefix), key...))
+}
+
 func (dt *table) Get(key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	return dt.db.Get(append([]byte(dt.prefix), key...))
 }
@@ -342,3 +354,7 @@ func (tb *tableBatch) Put(key, value []byte) error {
 func (tb *tableBatch) Write() error {
 	return tb.batch.Write()
 }
+
+func (tb *tableBatch) ValueSize() int {
+	return tb.batch.ValueSize()
+}