core, eth/downloader: commit block data using batches (#15115)

* ethdb: add Putter interface and Has method

* ethdb: improve docs and add IdealBatchSize

* ethdb: remove memory batch lock

Batches are not safe for concurrent use.

* core: use ethdb.Putter for Write* functions

This covers the easy cases.

* core/state: simplify StateSync

* trie: optimize local node check

* ethdb: add ValueSize to Batch

* core: optimize HasHeader check

This avoids one random database read get the block number. For many uses
of HasHeader, the expectation is that it's actually there. Using Has
avoids a load + decode of the value.

* core: write fast sync block data in batches

Collect writes into batches up to the ideal size instead of issuing many
small, concurrent writes.

* eth/downloader: commit larger state batches

Collect nodes into a batch up to the ideal size instead of committing
whenever a node is received.

* core: optimize HasBlock check

This avoids a random database read to get the number.

* core: use numberCache in HasHeader

numberCache has higher capacity, increasing the odds of finding the
header without a database lookup.

* core: write imported block data using a batch

Restore batch writes of state and add blocks, tx entries, receipts to
the same batch. The change also simplifies the miner.

This commit also removes posting of logs when a forked block is imported.

* core: fix DB write error handling

* ethdb: use RLock for Has

* core: fix HasBlock comment

trie/sync.go

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func (s *TrieSync) AddRawEntry(hash common.Hash, depth int, parent common.Hash)
 	if _, ok := s.membatch.batch[hash]; ok {
 		return
 	}
-	if blob, _ := s.database.Get(hash.Bytes()); blob != nil {
+	if ok, _ := s.database.Has(hash.Bytes()); ok {
 		return
 	}
 	// Assemble the new sub-trie sync request
@@ -296,8 +296,7 @@ func (s *TrieSync) children(req *request, object node) ([]*request, error) {
 			if _, ok := s.membatch.batch[hash]; ok {
 				continue
 			}
-			blob, _ := s.database.Get(node)
-			if local, err := decodeNode(node[:], blob, 0); local != nil && err == nil {
+			if ok, _ := s.database.Has(node); ok {
 				continue
 			}
 			// Locally unknown node, schedule for retrieval

trie/trie.go

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ type Database interface {
 // DatabaseReader wraps the Get method of a backing store for the trie.
 type DatabaseReader interface {
 	Get(key []byte) (value []byte, err error)
+	Has(key []byte) (bool, error)
 }
 
 // DatabaseWriter wraps the Put method of a backing store for the trie.