cmd/geth, node, rpc: implement jwt tokens (#24364)

* rpc, node: refactor request validation and add jwt validation

* node, rpc: fix error message, ignore engine api in RegisterAPIs

* node: make authenticated port configurable

* eth/catalyst: enable unauthenticated version of engine api

* node: rework obtainjwtsecret (backport later)

* cmd/geth: added auth port flag

* node: happy lint, happy life

* node: refactor authenticated api

Modifies the authentication mechanism to use default values

* node: trim spaces and newline away from secret

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>

cmd/clef/main.go

@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ func signer(c *cli.Context) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			utils.Fatalf("Could not register API: %w", err)
 		}
-		handler := node.NewHTTPHandlerStack(srv, cors, vhosts)
+		handler := node.NewHTTPHandlerStack(srv, cors, vhosts, nil)
 
 		// set port
 		port := c.Int(rpcPortFlag.Name)