cmd/geth, node, rpc: implement jwt tokens (#24364)

* rpc, node: refactor request validation and add jwt validation

* node, rpc: fix error message, ignore engine api in RegisterAPIs

* node: make authenticated port configurable

* eth/catalyst: enable unauthenticated version of engine api

* node: rework obtainjwtsecret (backport later)

* cmd/geth: added auth port flag

* node: happy lint, happy life

* node: refactor authenticated api

Modifies the authentication mechanism to use default values

* node: trim spaces and newline away from secret

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>

cmd/geth/usage.go

@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ var AppHelpFlagGroups = []flags.FlagGroup{
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
 			utils.IPCDisabledFlag,
 			utils.IPCPathFlag,
+			utils.JWTSecretFlag,
 			utils.HTTPEnabledFlag,
 			utils.HTTPListenAddrFlag,
 			utils.HTTPPortFlag,