cmd/geth, node, rpc: implement jwt tokens (#24364)

* rpc, node: refactor request validation and add jwt validation

* node, rpc: fix error message, ignore engine api in RegisterAPIs

* node: make authenticated port configurable

* eth/catalyst: enable unauthenticated version of engine api

* node: rework obtainjwtsecret (backport later)

* cmd/geth: added auth port flag

* node: happy lint, happy life

* node: refactor authenticated api

Modifies the authentication mechanism to use default values

* node: trim spaces and newline away from secret

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>

les/catalyst/api.go

@@ -34,10 +34,11 @@ func Register(stack *node.Node, backend *les.LightEthereum) error {
 	log.Warn("Catalyst mode enabled", "protocol", "les")
 	stack.RegisterAPIs([]rpc.API{
 		{
-			Namespace: "engine",
-			Version:   "1.0",
-			Service:   NewConsensusAPI(backend),
-			Public:    true,
+			Namespace:     "engine",
+			Version:       "1.0",
+			Service:       NewConsensusAPI(backend),
+			Public:        true,
+			Authenticated: true,
 		},
 	})
 	return nil